CN110237818B - Preparation method and application of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar Download PDFInfo
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- CN110237818B CN110237818B CN201910516949.XA CN201910516949A CN110237818B CN 110237818 B CN110237818 B CN 110237818B CN 201910516949 A CN201910516949 A CN 201910516949A CN 110237818 B CN110237818 B CN 110237818B
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- nitrogen
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- biochar
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- doped biochar
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PFRUBEOIWWEFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[S] Chemical compound [N].[S] PFRUBEOIWWEFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- DLGYNVMUCSTYDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;pyridine Chemical compound N.C1=CC=NC=C1 DLGYNVMUCSTYDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZQRGREQWCRSUCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S].C=1C=CSC=1 Chemical compound [S].C=1C=CSC=1 ZQRGREQWCRSUCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=S YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Natural products CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AAMATCKFMHVIDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;1h-pyrrole Chemical compound N.C=1C=CNC=1 AAMATCKFMHVIDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- -1 phthalic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-dicarboxybenzene Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical group S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FNTZXIYFSZLXSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC.CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC.CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC.CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC.CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC FNTZXIYFSZLXSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamide Chemical compound NS(N)(=O)=O NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
- B01J20/28059—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being less than 100 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0271—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0231
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
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- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
- B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/34—Organic compounds containing oxygen
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar, wherein biochar raw materials are crushed and then subjected to pyrolysis treatment, and the biochar raw materials are screened through a screen after being cooled; and mixing a nitrogen and sulfur source with the biochar, and calcining in a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar. Compared with the prior art, the modified biochar prepared by the invention not only has good adsorption performance, but also can efficiently degrade phthalic acid ester in water by activating persulfate. The modified biochar disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, simple preparation process, environmental friendliness and the like, and is suitable for removing organic pollutants in water treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to a preparation method and application of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar.
Background
Biochar is granular carbon produced by pyrolysis of organic matter such as agricultural residues, animal waste or woody plants, etc., and is produced and applied to the environmental improvement aspect, generally applied to soil to improve soil properties or store carbon. Biochar has a large surface area, a complex pore structure and a variable surface composition, and is therefore considered to be a highly efficient adsorbent. The biochar is non-toxic and harmless, has wide raw materials and low price, can be prepared in large scale, has a plurality of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, and is easy to modify the surface. The surface of the carbon material is modified by a non-metallic element doping method, so that the adsorption performance of the carbon material can be improved, the generation of free radicals can be increased, the carbon material has a catalytic potential, the preparation method is simple, the operation is easy, the success rate is high, the energy consumption is low, and the effect of removing organic pollutant phthalate in water is good.
Sulfur plays a very important role in plant growth as a second nutrient element to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Meanwhile, sulfur plays a certain role in the processes of plant growth regulation, detoxification, stress resistance and the like, is an important factor influencing the quality of plants, and has no obvious significance on the growth and metabolic processes of the plants. At present, the soil of more than 70 countries and regions all over the world has the phenomenon of sulfur deficiency or potential sulfur deficiency, and the sulfur deficiency can cause great loss to agricultural production, thereby affecting the quality of agricultural products and causing potential threat to the ecological environment. The nitrogen-sulfur-doped biochar disclosed by the invention provides infinite potential for application in soil while effectively removing the environmental pollutant phthalate in water.
At present, the preparation of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar and the application of the biochar in removing organic pollutants are not reported. For example, chinese patent CN109052364A discloses a preparation method and application of a two-dimensional porous nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanosheet material, the preparation method comprising the following steps: (1) stirring gelatin, chitosan and a foaming agent in water at 50-80 ℃ for 0.1-2 h according to a certain proportion to form gel, and precipitating the formed gel in excessive coagulating liquid to form a sponge body; the foaming agent is potassium carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate or melamine; (2) precipitating the gel formed in the step (1) in excessive coagulating liquid to form a sponge body; then placing the sponge body in a muffle furnace at 330-400 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and calcination treatment for 0.5-4 h, and foaming and pre-carbonizing to obtain a pre-carbonized material; (3) and (3) uniformly grinding the pre-carbonized material obtained in the step (2) and thiourea according to a certain proportion, and calcining the obtained mixture in a protective atmosphere to obtain the two-dimensional porous nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanosheet material. However, the two-dimensional porous nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanosheet prepared by the patent is mainly used as a lithium ion battery metal lithium cathode protection material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a preparation method of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar comprises the following steps:
crushing a biochar raw material, performing pyrolysis treatment, and then cooling to obtain biochar through a mesh screen;
and mixing a nitrogen and sulfur source with the biochar, and then calcining to prepare the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar.
Preferably, the biochar raw material is animal and plant waste.
More preferably, the biochar feedstock comprises peanut shells, rice hulls, corn stover, coconut shells, or animal waste.
Preferably, the pyrolysis temperature is controlled to be 200-700 ℃, the treatment time is 1-3h, the heating rate is 3-5 ℃/min, the treatments are all carried out under the protection of nitrogen, and the oxygen is strictly limited. The biochar surface treated by the scheme can generate a large amount of new functional groups such as sulfur oxide, thiophene sulfur, pyrrole nitrogen, pyridine nitrogen, graphene nitrogen and the like, and has great promotion effect on adsorption and catalytic performance of the biochar.
Preferably, the charcoal sieve mesh number is 100-300 meshes.
Preferably, the nitrogen sulfur source comprises thiourea, cysteine, a sulfonamide or thioacetamide.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the nitrogen sulfur source to the biochar is 0.1-0.9.
Preferably, the calcining temperature is controlled to be not lower than 350 ℃, preferably 350 ℃, the treatment time is 1-3h, the heating rate is 1-3 ℃/min, and the above treatment is carried out under the protection of nitrogen. When the temperature is controlled within this temperature range, particularly, the temperature is controlled at 350 ℃ so that the nitrogen-sulfur source-containing substance is decomposed and supported on the surface and inside the pores of the biochar.
The prepared nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar can be used for removing organic pollutants in water, and the modified biochar can be used for removing plasticizer phthalate.
Preferably, the phthalate removal experiments are carried out under constant temperature shaking at 25 ℃.
Preferably, the phthalate ester solution has a pH of 5 to 7.
Preferably, the phthalate removal effect can reach more than 90%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention takes agricultural wastes as raw materials, has simple preparation method and low cost;
2. according to the invention, the biochar is doped with nitrogen and sulfur elements, wherein the existence forms of nitrogen are 3, namely pyridine nitrogen, pyrrole nitrogen and graphene nitrogen; the sulfur exists in 2 forms, namely thiophenic sulfur and oxidized sulfur; the adsorption performance of the modified charcoal is enhanced due to the existence of pyridine nitrogen and oxidized sulfur, and the graphene nitrogen and the thiophene sulfur provide potential for activating persulfate for the modified charcoal.
3. The specific surface area of the modified biochar obtained by the invention is 1.46-28.28m2g-1The surface sulfur content is 0.5-6.59%, the nitrogen content is 16.42-21.8%, and the removal rate of the phthalic acid ester can reach 96.75% by activating potassium persulfate;
4. according to the invention, by decomposing substances serving as nitrogen sources and sulfur sources at high temperature, nitrogen and sulfur are doped in the biochar, and the modified biochar has a new performance of degrading phthalic acid ester in water by activating persulfate while the adsorption capacity is enhanced. The invention not only provides a preparation method of biochar nonmetal doping, but also provides an efficient material for the treatment of phthalate-containing wastewater.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the concept of the invention. All falling within the scope of the invention.
A preparation method of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing a biochar raw material, such as peanut shells, rice husks, corn straws, coconut shells or animal excreta and the like, then carrying out pyrolysis treatment, controlling the heating rate to be 3-5 ℃/min in the treatment process, heating the temperature to 200-plus-700 ℃, treating for 1-3h, and then cooling, wherein the whole process is strictly limited to no oxygen and is carried out under the protection of nitrogen, so that a large amount of new functional groups such as sulfur oxide, thiophene sulfur, pyrrole nitrogen, pyridine nitrogen, graphene nitrogen and the like can be generated on the surface of the prepared biochar, and the biochar obtained by greatly promoting the adsorption and catalytic performance of the biochar passes through a 100-plus-300-mesh screen;
(2) mixing a nitrogen-sulfur source, such as thiourea, cysteine, sulfamide or thioacetamide, with the biochar, wherein the mass ratio of the nitrogen-sulfur source to the biochar is 0.1-0.9, then calcining, controlling the heating rate to be 1-3 ℃/min, heating to be not lower than 350 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 1-3h, strictly limiting the condition that oxygen cannot exist in the process, and carrying out the heat preservation treatment under the nitrogen protection condition to decompose the substances containing the nitrogen-sulfur source and load the substances on the surface and in the pores of the biochar to prepare the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped biochar.
The prepared nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar can be used for removing organic pollutants in an aqueous solution, and plasticizer phthalate can be removed by adopting the biochar. The removal experiment is carried out under the condition of constant temperature oscillation at 25 ℃, the pH value of the phthalate solution is 5-7, and the removal effect can reach more than 90 percent at most.
The following are more detailed embodiments, and the technical solutions and the technical effects obtained by the present invention will be further described by the following embodiments.
Example 1
A preparation method of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the biochar:
cleaning peanut shells, coarsely crushing the peanut shells by using a crusher, then placing the crushed peanut shells into a muffle furnace, heating the peanut shells to 375 ℃ at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min for pyrolysis for 1h, naturally cooling the peanut shells, and enabling the burnt biochar to pass through a 300-mesh screen in the whole treatment process in the muffle furnace under the nitrogen protection atmosphere.
(2) Preparing nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar:
the thiourea and the biochar passing through a mesh screen are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.1:1, the temperature is raised to 350 ℃ in a muffle furnace at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min and calcined for 1h, the temperature is naturally reduced, the whole treatment process in the muffle furnace needs to be controlled under the nitrogen protection atmosphere, then the surface is cleaned by deionized water, and the biochar is dried at 60 ℃ for later use.
(3) Removal of diethyl phthalate
100mg of the modified biochar was added to 20mL of 20mg L containing 10mg of potassium persulfate-1The diethyl phthalate is ultrasonically treated for 3min in a brown conical flask, the mixture is subjected to constant temperature oscillation at the temperature of 25 ℃ in a constant temperature oscillator, and the sample is taken after the reaction is carried out for 2 h. After the sample was filtered through a 0.22 μm nylon filter, the content of diethyl phthalate in the supernatant of the sample was measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and the removal rate was calculated to be 97.3%.
Example 2
Example 2 is a variation of example 1 in that the pyrolysis temperature of the bio-char in step (1) is 200, 450, 700 ℃, and the removal rate is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Pyrolysis temperature (. degree. C.) | 200 | 450 | 700 |
| Removal ratio of diethyl phthalate (%) | 80.2 | 83.7 | 30.2 |
Example 3
Example 3 is a variation of example 1 with the modification that the mass ratio of thiourea to biochar in step (2) is 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and the removal rates are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Mass ratio of thiourea to biochar | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 |
| Removal ratio (%) of diethyl phthalate | 83.7 | 45.8 | 30.6 | 20.3 |
Example 4
Example 4 is a modification of example 1 in that the biochar in step (1) was screened at 100 and 200 mesh screens, and the removal rates are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
| Mesh number of charcoal | 100 | 200 |
| Removal ratio (%) of diethyl phthalate | 83.7 | 92.8 |
Example 5
Example 5 is a variation of example 1 in that the biochar in step (1) is pyrolyzed through a 300 mesh screen and used for the removal of dimethyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, respectively, in step (3) at the removal rates shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
| The kind of contaminant | Phthalic acid dimethyl ester | Phthalic acid diethyl ester | Dibutyl phthalate |
| Removal Rate (%) | 93.3 | 96.7 | 85.6 |
Example 6
Example 6 is a variation of example 1, except that in step (2) the thiourea used as the nitrogen sulfur source is replaced with one of cysteine, sulfonamide or thioacetamide.
TABLE 5
Example 7
A preparation method of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the biochar:
cleaning rice hulls, coarsely crushing the rice hulls by using a crusher, then placing the rice hulls in a muffle furnace, heating the rice hulls to 200 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min for pyrolysis for 3h, naturally cooling the rice hulls, and enabling the burnt biochar to pass through a 100-mesh screen mesh in the whole treatment process in the muffle furnace under the nitrogen protection atmosphere.
(2) Preparing nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar:
uniformly mixing cysteine and screened biochar in a mass ratio of 0.5:1, heating to 400 ℃ in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 1 ℃/min, calcining for 1h, naturally cooling, cleaning the surface with deionized water in a nitrogen protection atmosphere in the whole treatment process in the muffle furnace, and drying at 60 ℃ for later use.
(3) Removal of diethyl phthalate
100mg of the modified biochar was added to 20mL of 20mg L containing 10mg of potassium persulfate-1In a brown conical flask containing diethyl phthalate, performing ultrasonic treatment for 3min, oscillating at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ in a constant-temperature oscillator, reacting for 2h, and sampling. Filtering the sample with 0.22 μm nylon filter, measuring diethyl phthalate content in the supernatant by high performance liquid chromatography, and calculatingThe removal rate was 93.5%.
Example 8
A preparation method of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing biochar:
cleaning coconut shells, coarsely crushing the coconut shells by a crusher, then placing the coconut shells in a muffle furnace, heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min for pyrolysis for 2 hours, naturally cooling, and sieving the burnt biochar through a 200-mesh sieve in the whole treatment process in the muffle furnace under the nitrogen protection atmosphere.
(2) Preparing nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar:
the thiourea and the biochar passing through a mesh screen are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.7:1, the temperature is raised to 450 ℃ in a muffle furnace at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min and calcined for 2 hours, the temperature is naturally reduced, the whole treatment process in the muffle furnace needs to be controlled under the nitrogen protection atmosphere, then the surface is cleaned by deionized water, and the biochar is dried at 60 ℃ for later use.
(3) Removal of diethyl phthalate
100mg of the modified biochar was added to 20mL of 20mg L containing 10mg of potassium persulfate-1The diethyl phthalate is ultrasonically treated for 3min in a brown conical flask, the mixture is subjected to constant temperature oscillation at the temperature of 25 ℃ in a constant temperature oscillator, and the sample is taken after the reaction is carried out for 2 h. After the sample was filtered through a 0.22 μm nylon filter, the content of diethyl phthalate in the supernatant of the sample was measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and the removal rate was calculated to be 92.5%.
Example 9
A preparation method of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the biochar:
cleaning animal excrement, coarsely crushing the animal excrement by a crusher, placing the crushed animal excrement in a muffle furnace, heating the animal excrement to 700 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min for pyrolysis for 1h, naturally cooling, and enabling the burnt charcoal to pass through a 300-mesh screen in the whole treatment process in the muffle furnace under the nitrogen protection atmosphere.
(2) Preparing nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar:
mixing thioacetamide and biological carbon passing through a screen uniformly according to a mass ratio of 0.9:1, heating to 350 ℃ in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min, calcining for 3h, naturally cooling, controlling the whole treatment process in the muffle furnace under a nitrogen protection atmosphere, cleaning the surface with deionized water, and drying at 60 ℃ for later use.
(3) Removal of diethyl phthalate
100mg of the modified biochar was added to 20mL of 20mg L containing 10mg of potassium persulfate-1The diethyl phthalate is ultrasonically treated for 3min in a brown conical flask, the mixture is subjected to constant temperature oscillation at the temperature of 25 ℃ in a constant temperature oscillator, and the sample is taken after the reaction is carried out for 2 h. After the sample was filtered through a 0.22 μm nylon filter, the content of diethyl phthalate in the supernatant of the sample was measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and the removal rate was calculated to be 95.6%.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is a comparative example of example 1, in which nitrogen and sulfur co-doping modification was not performed to biochar in step (2), the removal rate of diethyl phthalate was 20.3%, and the removal performance of unmodified biochar was lower than that of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 1 is a comparative example of example 1, in contrast, potassium persulfate was not added in step (3), the removal rate of diethyl phthalate was 56.8%, and nitrogen-sulfur co-doped biochar had the effect of activating persulfate.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in understanding and using the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make modifications and alterations without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The application of the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar is characterized in that the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar is applied to remove organic pollutants in a water body, wherein the organic pollutants comprise dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate;
the preparation method of the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar comprises the following steps: crushing a biochar raw material, performing pyrolysis treatment, cooling, and screening by using a screen; mixing a nitrogen and sulfur source with the biochar, and then calcining to prepare nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar;
the pyrolysis temperature is controlled to be 375-450 ℃, the treatment time is 1-3h, the heating rate is 3-5 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis is carried out in the nitrogen atmosphere; the screening mesh number of the biochar is 200-300 meshes; the mass ratio of the nitrogen and sulfur source to the biochar is (0.1-0.3) to 1;
the calcining temperature is 350 ℃, the treatment time is 1-3h, the heating rate is 1-2 ℃/min, and the above treatment processes are all carried out under the condition of nitrogen atmosphere;
the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar is doped with nitrogen and sulfur elements, wherein the nitrogen exists in 3 forms, namely pyridine nitrogen, pyrrole nitrogen and graphene nitrogen; the sulfur exists in 2 forms, namely thiophene sulfur and oxidized sulfur; the adsorption performance of the modified charcoal is enhanced due to the existence of pyridine nitrogen and oxidized sulfur, and the graphene nitrogen and the thiophene sulfur provide potential for activating persulfate for the modified charcoal.
2. The application of the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biochar raw material is animal and plant waste.
3. The use of the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the biochar raw material comprises peanut shells, rice hulls, corn stalks, coconut shells or animal wastes.
4. The use of the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biochar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen and sulfur source comprises thiourea, cysteine, sulfonamide or thioacetamide.
5. The application of the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped biochar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped biochar is added into an aqueous solution containing organic pollutants and potassium persulfate, placed in a constant temperature oscillator, and vibrated at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ to adsorb and degrade organic matters in the organic pollutants.
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| CN115990502A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-04-21 | 吉林大学 | Nitrogen-sulfur co-doped modified biochar material and application thereof |
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