CN107495331B - Pleurotus eryngii fruiting body buccal tablet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Pleurotus eryngii fruiting body buccal tablet and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN107495331B
CN107495331B CN201710952740.9A CN201710952740A CN107495331B CN 107495331 B CN107495331 B CN 107495331B CN 201710952740 A CN201710952740 A CN 201710952740A CN 107495331 B CN107495331 B CN 107495331B
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pleurotus eryngii
solid
fruiting body
liquid separation
polyphenol
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林少玲
王振宇
孔子浩
葛胜晗
曾绍校
黄志伟
郑宝东
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Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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Abstract

The invention relates to a buccal tablet of pleurotus eryngii sporocarp, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol, 15-25 parts of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fiber, 4-6 parts of xylitol, 0.3-0.7 part of flavoring agent, 3-8 parts of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 5-10 parts of Arabic gum and 2-6 parts of lubricating agent. The invention also relates to a preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp buccal tablet. The buccal tablet of the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp simultaneously contains the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp polyphenol and the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp dietary fiber, and has various physiological effects.

Description

Pleurotus eryngii fruiting body buccal tablet and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a food processing technology, in particular to a buccal tablet of pleurotus eryngii sporocarp and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Pleurotus eryngii belongs to the phylum Eumycota, Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Pleurotaceae, and Pleurotus. The pleurotus eryngii has crisp and tender texture, particularly compact, firm and milky mushroom stipe tissues, can be completely eaten, is more crisp, smooth and tasty than mushroom caps, is called as oyster mushroom king and dried oyster mushroom, has pleasant almond fragrance and taste like abalone, is rich in nutrition, is rich in protein, carbohydrate, vitamins and mineral substances such as calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc and the like, can improve the immunologic function of a human body, has the effects of resisting cancer, reducing blood fat, moistening intestines and stomach, beautifying and the like on the human body, and is deeply popular with people.
Plant polyphenols refer to the collective state of many cyclic compounds usually present in the polyphenol material in plants, i.e., many phenolic substances appear together, and are called "polyphenols", and include phenolic acids, flavonoids, isoflavones, anthocyanins, tannins, catechins, anthocyanins, and the like. The pleurotus eryngii sporocarp contains various free phenols and bound phenols, is rich in harmful free radicals, has the function and the capability of preventing cell lipid from being overoxidized, and can effectively reduce the generation of endogenous purine, thereby obviously reducing the uric acid level in blood.
The buccal tablet is added with pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol, so that the blood uric acid can be effectively reduced, and gout recurrence can be controlled; meanwhile, the added pleurotus eryngii sporocarp dietary fiber has the effects of promoting gastrointestinal motility, reducing blood sugar and the like. However, in the prior art, buccal tablets added with pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol and pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fibers do not exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: providing a buccal tablet of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body added with pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol and pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fiber; and provides a preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp buccal tablet.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
The pleurotus eryngii fruiting body buccal tablet is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol, 15-25 parts of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fiber, 4-6 parts of xylitol, 0.3-0.7 part of flavoring agent, 3-8 parts of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 5-10 parts of Arabic gum and 2-6 parts of lubricating agent.
The pleurotus eryngii fruiting body buccal tablet is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50-60% of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol, 15-25% of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fiber, 4-6% of xylitol, 0.3-0.7% of flavoring agent, 3-8% of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 5-10% of Arabic gum and 2-6% of lubricant.
A preparation method of pleurotus eryngii sporocarp buccal tablets comprises the following steps:
(1) freeze-drying the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp until the water content is below 4%, and then crushing the freeze-dried pleurotus eryngii sporocarp to obtain dry pleurotus eryngii sporocarp powder;
(2) mixing the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dry powder with distilled water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 18-22 (g/mL), and leaching at 20-30 deg.C for the first time;
(3) carrying out first solid-liquid separation on the mixed solution obtained after the first leaching, and mixing the solid residue obtained after the first solid-liquid separation with distilled water according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: 18-22 (g/mL), then sequentially carrying out secondary leaching and secondary solid-liquid separation, merging the supernatant obtained after the secondary solid-liquid separation and the supernatant obtained after the primary solid-liquid separation, and then concentrating the merged supernatant to obtain the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body concentrated solution; and collecting solid residue obtained after the second solid-liquid separation;
(4) Respectively freezing the pleurotus eryngii fruit body concentrated solution and the solid residue obtained after the second solid-liquid separation to sequentially obtain pleurotus eryngii fruit body polyphenol and pleurotus eryngii fruit body dietary fiber;
(5) weighing each preparation raw material of the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body buccal tablet of claim 1 or 2 respectively; mixing the weighed pleurotus eryngii sporophore polyphenol, the pleurotus eryngii sporophore dietary fiber, the xylitol, the sodium carboxymethyl starch and the arabic gum, adding ethanol to prepare a soft material, sequentially granulating and drying the mixed mixture, respectively adding the weighed flavoring agent and the lubricant into the dried granules, mixing, and tabletting to obtain the pleurotus eryngii sporophore buccal tablet.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the extraction liquid (supernatant) containing the polyphenol of the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body and the solid residue containing the dietary fiber of the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body are obtained by adopting distilled water for extraction, the content of insoluble dietary fiber in the solid residue is very rich, the loss of the beneficial components in the whole processing stage is almost zero, and the solid residue is green, safe and pollution-free.
(2) According to the preparation method, the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol, the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fiber, the xylitol, the malic acid, the sodium carboxymethyl starch, the arabic gum, the magnesium stearate and the like are sequentially mixed and dried, and the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body buccal tablet is finally prepared, is rich in fragrance, mellow in taste, rich in antioxidant polyphenol, dietary fiber and mineral substances, has a health care function, is suitable for being carried and eaten by mass consumers, and therefore has a good market prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an appearance diagram of a fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii;
FIG. 2A is an FT-ICR MS spectrum of a sample solution mixed with standard substance of polyphenol component of fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii in example 4;
FIG. 2B is the FT-ICR MS spectrum of the fruiting body polyphenol of Pleurotus eryngii in example 4;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the DPPH radical scavenging rate of the polyphenol of the fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii in example 4.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the scavenging rate of polyphenol of fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii to superoxide ion radical in example 4.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the clearance of hydroxyl radicals by polyphenols from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii in example 4.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the scavenging rate of hydrogen peroxide radicals by polyphenols from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii in example 4.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, achieved objects, and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
The most key concept of the invention is as follows: functional components and dietary fibers in the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp are extracted by a water extraction method, and the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp water extract and the dietary fiber dry powder are used for preparing the buccal tablets, so that the probiotic effect of the buccal tablets is improved.
The invention provides a buccal tablet of pleurotus eryngii sporocarp, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol, 15-25 parts of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fiber, 4-6 parts of xylitol, 0.3-0.7 part of flavoring agent, 3-8 parts of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 5-10 parts of Arabic gum and 2-6 parts of lubricating agent.
The invention also provides pleurotus eryngii sporocarp buccal tablets which are prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50-60% of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol, 15-25% of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fiber, 4-6% of xylitol, 0.3-0.7% of flavoring agent, 3-8% of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 5-10% of Arabic gum and 2-6% of lubricant.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp buccal tablet, which comprises the following steps:
(1) freeze-drying the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp until the water content is below 4%, and then crushing the freeze-dried pleurotus eryngii sporocarp to obtain dry pleurotus eryngii sporocarp powder;
(2) mixing the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dry powder with distilled water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 18-22 (g/mL), and leaching at 20-30 deg.C for the first time;
(3) carrying out first solid-liquid separation on the mixed solution obtained after the first leaching, and mixing the solid residue obtained after the first solid-liquid separation with distilled water according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: 18-22 (g/mL), then sequentially carrying out secondary leaching and secondary solid-liquid separation, merging the supernatant obtained after the secondary solid-liquid separation and the supernatant obtained after the primary solid-liquid separation, and then concentrating the merged supernatant to obtain the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body concentrated solution; and collecting solid residue obtained after the second solid-liquid separation;
(4) Respectively freezing the pleurotus eryngii fruit body concentrated solution and the solid residue obtained after the second solid-liquid separation to sequentially obtain pleurotus eryngii fruit body polyphenol and pleurotus eryngii fruit body dietary fiber;
(5) respectively weighing the preparation raw materials of the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp buccal tablet; mixing the weighed pleurotus eryngii sporophore polyphenol, the pleurotus eryngii sporophore dietary fiber, the xylitol, the sodium carboxymethyl starch and the arabic gum, adding ethanol to prepare a soft material, sequentially granulating and drying the mixed mixture, respectively adding the weighed flavoring agent and the lubricant into the dried granules, mixing, and tabletting to obtain the pleurotus eryngii sporophore buccal tablet.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) the extraction liquid (supernatant) containing the polyphenol of the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body and the solid residue containing the dietary fiber of the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body are obtained by adopting distilled water for extraction, the content of insoluble dietary fiber in the solid residue is very rich, the loss of the beneficial components in the whole processing stage is almost zero, and the solid residue is green, safe and pollution-free.
(2) According to the preparation method, the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol, the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fiber, the xylitol, the malic acid, the sodium carboxymethyl starch, the arabic gum, the magnesium stearate and the like are sequentially mixed and dried, and the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body buccal tablet is finally prepared, is rich in fragrance, mellow in taste, rich in antioxidant polyphenol, dietary fiber and mineral substances, has a health care function, is suitable for being carried and eaten by mass consumers, and therefore has a good market prospect.
Further, in the step (2), the first leaching is carried out for a plurality of times under the condition of continuous stirring, and the time of each first leaching is 1-2 h.
Further, in the step (3), after the second leaching and the second solid-liquid separation are sequentially performed, the operations of the second leaching and the second solid-liquid separation are repeated for a plurality of times, and the supernatant obtained after the second solid-liquid separation for a plurality of times and the supernatant obtained after the first solid-liquid separation are combined together.
Further, in the step (3), the concentration temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the concentration is carried out under the vacuum condition until the density is 1.20 +/-0.02 g/cm3。
Further, in the step (4), the freezing treatment sequentially comprises pre-freezing and vacuum freezing, wherein the pre-freezing temperature is from minus 30 ℃ to minus 50 ℃, and the time is 12-16 h; the vacuum freezing temperature is below 60 ℃, the time is 18-24h, the vacuum degree is 5-10Pa, and the vacuum freezing is completed until the moisture is lower than 5%.
Further, in the step (5), 40-60% of ethanol is added into the mixed mixture to prepare soft materials, and then the soft materials are sequentially granulated and dried.
Further, in the step (5), the drying treatment is as follows: drying the granulated particles by microwave under reduced pressure until the water content is 2-4%, and then screening to obtain particles with consistent size.
Further, the microwave vacuum drying temperature is 50-60 deg.C, drying time is 60-90min, and vacuum degree is not lower than-0.085 mpa;
further, in the step (5), the thickness of the tablet formed by tabletting is 4-6mm, the diameter is 8-15mm, and the tablet weight is 200-400 mg.
Further, in the step (1), the crushed agrocybe aegerita fruiting bodies are screened by a sieve with the aperture of 0.5 mm.
Further, in the step (3), a horizontal screw centrifuge is used for solid-liquid separation, the rotation speed of the centrifuge is 4000r/min, the centrifugation temperature is 23 ℃, and the centrifugation time is 10 min.
Further, in the step (5), the weighed pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol, the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fibers, the xylitol, the sodium carboxymethyl starch and the arabic gum are stirred in a stirrer to be mixed, and the stirring time of the stirrer is 20-40 min.
Further, after tabletting and forming in the step (5), carrying out high-voltage electric field pulse sterilization on the obtained pleurotus eryngii fruiting body buccal tablets, and then weighing and packaging according to different packaging specifications.
Furthermore, the electric field intensity of the high-voltage pulse electric field sterilization is 15-40kv/cm, the number of pulses is more than 10, the pulse width is 10 mu-1000 mu, and the treatment time is 20-40 s.
Further, in the step (1), fresh pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies with the water content of 80.93% are selected and freeze-dried, and the crushing is carried out by adopting an ultra-micro crusher for 30 s.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the method adopts the modes of distilled water extraction, low-temperature vacuum concentration, vacuum freeze drying, mechanical mixing, microwave drying and high-voltage pulse electric field sterilization, avoids the use of organic solvents, effectively reduces the damage of polyphenol and dietary fiber in a high-temperature state through low-temperature concentration and freeze drying, and removes water and volatile substance ethanol through microwave drying. The high-voltage pulse electric field is a newly developed non-thermal sterilization which can overcome the defects of the traditional thermal sterilization, such as destruction of heat-sensitive nutrient substances (vitamins, proteins with biological activity, pigments and the like), loss of volatile substances, natural color and texture change and the like. The extraction amount of polyphenol obtained by water extraction of the invention is very considerable, and is 20.68%, the results of in vitro antioxidant tests also prove that the polyphenol in the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body can remove free radicals to a certain extent, in addition, the pleurotus eryngii residue contains a large amount of dietary fibers and also contains combined phenolic substances (dry weight is 19.29%), and the residue can be used as a buccal tablet adhesive and a filler, thereby saving raw materials, having various physiological effects and serving multiple purposes. Therefore, the pleurotus eryngii polyphenol dietary fiber buccal tablets have higher market value.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, embodiment 1 of the present invention is:
the preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp buccal tablet comprises the following steps:
step 1: screening fresh pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies, enabling the water content to be 80.93%, freeze-drying until the water content is lower than 4%, crushing for about 30s by using an ultra-micro crusher, sealing and placing in a dryer for later use;
step 2: accurately weighing a certain amount of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dry powder in the step 1, adding distilled water according to the ratio of material to liquid (g/mL) of 1:20, leaching for multiple times at 25 ℃, wherein each time lasts for 1 hour, and continuously stirring;
and step 3: the rotating speed is 4000r/min, the temperature is 23 ℃, the centrifugation is carried out for 10min, the solid-liquid separation is carried out, and the sediment is mixed with the water according to the weight ratio of 1: adding distilled water at a ratio of 20, repeating for 2 times, mixing the supernatants, and concentrating at 40 deg.C under vacuum to density of 1.20 + -0.02 g/cm3Furthermore, the residue is rich in dietary fiber and is collected separately;
and 4, step 4: respectively putting the concentrated solution and the solid residue into a freezing disc, sealing, and then sending into a freezing chamber for pre-freezing, wherein the temperature is controlled to be about minus 30 ℃, the temperature of the materials in the chamber is reduced to the set temperature, and the time is 16 hours;
and 5: after precooling and freezing, quickly transferring the frozen pleurotus eryngii polyphenol concentrated solution and the frozen solid residues from the freezing chamber into a working chamber of a vacuum freeze dryer respectively, and carrying out vacuum freezing, wherein the material temperature is controlled to be below-60 ℃, the freeze-drying time is 18h, the vacuum degree reaches 5-10Pa, and the discharging is taken as the drying end point when the moisture is lower than 5%; before the vacuum freeze dryer is opened to discharge, dry air which is subjected to sterile filtration and has the humidity of not higher than 10% is introduced into a drying bin to be subjected to vacuum breaking, and the discharged material is easy to regain moisture and condense, so that a finished product is sealed by a bottle and a bag in time for later use;
Step 6: respectively taking 60% of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol, 15% of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fiber, 4% of xylitol, 5% of sodium carboxymethyl starch and 10% of arabic gum according to the mass ratio, mixing and stirring for 20 minutes in a stirrer, adding 40% of ethanol to wet the mixture after the mixture is uniformly mixed to prepare a soft material, and then granulating the soft material by using a swing type granulator;
and 7: drying under reduced pressure by microwave at 50 deg.C for 90min with vacuum degree of not less than-0.085 Mpa to water content of 2-4%, and sieving with 40 mesh sieve to obtain uniform granules;
and 8: adding 0.3% of flavoring agent malic acid and 3.7% of lubricant magnesium stearate into the dried granules, and then tabletting and forming by a full-automatic tabletting machine, wherein the tabletting thickness is 4-6 mm; the diameter is 8-15 mm, and the weight of the tablet is 200-400 mg;
and step 9: the electric field intensity of high-voltage pulse electric field sterilization is 20kv/cm, the number of pulses is more than 10, the pulse width is 10 mu-1000 mu, the processing time is 40s, and weighing and packaging are carried out according to different packaging specifications after sterilization treatment.
Example 2
Step 1: screening fresh pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies, enabling the water content to be 80.93%, freeze-drying until the water content is lower than 4%, crushing for about 30s by using an ultrafine crusher, sealing and placing in a dryer for later use;
step 2: accurately weighing a certain amount of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dry powder in the step 1, adding distilled water according to the ratio of material to liquid (g/mL) of 1:20, leaching for multiple times at 25 ℃, wherein each time lasts for 1.5 hours, and continuously stirring;
And step 3: the rotating speed is 4000r/min, the temperature is 23 ℃, the centrifugation is carried out for 10min, the solid-liquid separation is carried out, and the sediment is mixed with the water according to the weight ratio of 1: adding distilled water at a ratio of 20, repeating for 2 times, mixing the supernatants, and concentrating at 45 deg.C under vacuum to density of 1.20 + -0.02 g/cm3Furthermore, the residue is rich in dietary fiber and is collected separately;
and 4, step 4: respectively placing the concentrated solution and the solid residue into a freezing tray, sealing, and pre-freezing in a freezing chamber at about-50 deg.C for 12 hr;
and 5: after precooling and freezing, quickly transferring the frozen pleurotus eryngii polyphenol concentrated solution and the frozen solid residues from the freezing chamber into a working bin of a vacuum freeze dryer respectively, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying, wherein the material temperature is controlled to be below 60 ℃ below zero, the freeze drying time is 21h, the vacuum degree reaches 5-10Pa, and the discharging is carried out at the drying end point when the moisture is lower than 5%; before the vacuum freeze dryer is opened to discharge, dry air which is subjected to sterile filtration and has the humidity of not higher than 10% is introduced into a drying bin to be subjected to vacuum breaking, and the discharged material is easy to regain moisture and condense, so that a finished product is sealed by a bottle and a bag in time for later use;
step 6: respectively taking 55% of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol, 20% of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fiber, 5% of xylitol, 8% of sodium carboxymethyl starch and 8% of Arabic gum according to the mass ratio, mixing and stirring in a stirrer for 20-40 minutes, adding 50% of ethanol after uniform mixing to wet the mixture to prepare a soft material, and then granulating the soft material by using a swing type granulator;
And 7: drying under reduced pressure by microwave at 55 deg.C for 80min under vacuum degree of not less than-0.085 Mpa to water content of 2-4%, and sieving with 40 mesh sieve to obtain uniform granules;
and 8: adding 0.5% of flavoring agent malic acid and 4.5% of lubricant magnesium stearate into the dried granules, and then tabletting and forming by a full-automatic tabletting machine, wherein the tabletting thickness is 4-6 mm; the diameter is 8-15 mm, and the weight of the tablet is 200-400 mg;
and step 9: the electric field intensity of high-voltage pulse electric field sterilization is 30kv/cm, the number of pulses is more than 10, the pulse width is 10 mu-1000 mu, the processing time is 30s, and the sterilization treatment is carried out, and then weighing and packaging are carried out according to different packaging specifications.
Example 3
Step 1: screening fresh pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies, enabling the water content to be 80.93% u, freeze-drying until the water content is lower than 4%, crushing for about 30s by using an ultrafine crusher, sealing and placing in a dryer for later use;
step 2: accurately weighing a certain amount of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dry powder in the step 1, adding distilled water according to the ratio of material to liquid (g/mL) of 1:20, leaching at 25 ℃ for 2 hours each time, and continuously stirring;
and step 3: the rotating speed is 4000r/min, the temperature is 23 ℃, the centrifugation is carried out for 10min, the solid-liquid separation is carried out, and the sediment is mixed with the water according to the weight ratio of 1: adding distilled water at a ratio of 20, repeating for 2 times, mixing the supernatants, and concentrating at 50 deg.C under vacuum to density of 1.20 + -0.02 g/cm 3Furthermore, the residue is rich in dietary fiber and is collected separately;
and 4, step 4: respectively putting the concentrated solution and the solid residue into a freezing disc, sealing, and then sending into a freezing chamber for pre-freezing, wherein the temperature is controlled to be about-40 ℃ and the temperature of the materials in the chamber is reduced to the set temperature for 14 hours;
and 5: after precooling and freezing, respectively and quickly transferring the frozen pleurotus eryngii polyphenol concentrated solution and solid residues from a freezing chamber into a working bin of a vacuum freeze dryer, carrying out vacuum freeze drying, controlling the material temperature to be below-60 ℃, carrying out freeze drying for 24h, leading dry air with the humidity of not higher than 10 percent, which is subjected to sterile filtration, into the drying bin to break vacuum before the vacuum freeze dryer is taken out of the bin and discharged when the water content is lower than 5 percent, and leading the discharged dry air into the drying bin to be easily remoistened and condensed, so that a finished product is sealed by a bottle and a bag in time for later use;
step 6: respectively taking 50% of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body powder, 25% of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fiber, 6% of xylitol, 10% of sodium carboxymethyl starch and 5% of arabic gum according to the mass ratio, mixing and stirring for 20-40 minutes in a stirrer, adding 60% of ethanol after uniform mixing to wet the mixture to prepare a soft material, and then granulating the soft material by using a swing type granulator;
And 7: drying under reduced pressure by microwave at 55 deg.C for 70min under vacuum degree of not less than-0.085 Mpa to water content of 2-4%, and sieving with 40 mesh sieve to obtain uniform granules;
and 8: adding 0.4% of flavoring agent malic acid and 3.6% of lubricant magnesium stearate into the dried granules, and then tabletting and forming by a full-automatic tabletting machine, wherein the tabletting thickness is 4-6 mm; the diameter is 8-15 mm, and the weight of the tablet is 200-400 mg;
and step 9: the electric field intensity of high-voltage pulse electric field sterilization is 40kv/cm, the number of pulses is more than 10, the pulse width is 10 mu-1000 mu, the processing time is 20s, and weighing and packaging are carried out according to different packaging specifications after sterilization treatment.
Example 4
The pleurotus eryngii fruiting body contains various active ingredients such as various organic acids, alcohols, ketones, phenols, aldehydes, esters and the like, and the ingredients form unique aromatic odor of the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body and enable the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body to have strong fragrance, wherein polyphenol of the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body is considered to be the most effective ingredient with extraction value in the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body. Therefore, the extracted polyphenol of the fruiting body of pleurotus eryngii is subjected to composition analysis and in-vitro antioxidant tests in the experiment, and the capability of removing DPPH, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide is used as an evaluation index of antioxidant capability.
Analyzing polyphenol components of pleurotus eryngii sporocarp:
dissolving the polyphenol of the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body in water, fully dissolving the polyphenol, filtering the solution by a 0.45 mu m filter membrane, injecting the solution into an FT-ICR MS liquid mass spectrometer with the sample injection volume of 3 mu L, simultaneously taking 0.1% formic acid as a mobile phase A and 100% acetonitrile as a mobile phase B, setting the flow rate to be 0.3mL/min, keeping the column temperature to be 30 ℃, and adopting a gradient elution mode. The elution time settings are shown in Table 1, and Table 1 is a FT-ICR MS gradient elution time setting table.
TABLE 1
Time % formic acid 100% acetonitrile
0 30 40 50 60 60.01 65 95 70 70 50 50 95 95 5 30 30 50 50 5 5
Performing liquid mass analysis on the prepared polyphenol mixed standard solution (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, folic acid, sinapic acid, tert-butyl hydroxyquinine and salicylic acid) and sample solution by FT-ICR MS under set elution parameters to obtain peak diagrams shown as A (standard mixed standard) and B (sample solution), wherein the abscissa represents time; the ordinate represents relative indexing;
as can be seen from the peak diagrams (fig. 2B) of the control standard (fig. 2A) and the sample, the polyphenol extract of the fruiting body of pleurotus eryngii at least contains 2 kinds of phenolic acids with different structures, i.e. protocatechuic acid and folic acid, and the mass spectrum related parameters are shown in table 2, and table 2 is the FT-ICR MS parameter list of the identified 2 kinds of phenolic acids.
TABLE 2
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(1) Scavenging DPPH free radicals
0.5 mL of polyphenol solution (0.25-4 mg/mL) with different concentrations is added into the sample tube, 1mL of DPPH solution and 0.1mmol/L of DPPH solution are respectively added with 1.5g/mL of mLTBHQ as positive control, and the mixture is fully mixed. Standing the two groups in dark for 30min, and measuring light absorption value at 517 nm. The hydroxyl radical (DPPH) clearance (%) = [1- (Abs517 sample/Abs 517control) ] x100% was calculated as follows. The results are shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 3 shows the concentration of polyphenol in fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii along the abscissa and the hydroxyl radical (DPPH) clearance (%) along the ordinate.
As shown in FIG. 3, the DPPH radical scavenging ability was rapidly enhanced as the concentration of polyphenols in the fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii was increased. This experiment shows that polyphenols have a good ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals.
(2) Scavenging superoxide anion free radicals
1mL of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol samples with different concentrations (0.3125-10mg/mL) and 2mL of Tris-HCl (16mM, pH 8.0) dissolved NBT with the concentration of 1mL and 200 mu mol/L and NADH with the concentration of 1mL and 312 mu mol/L are added with 50 mu mol/L PMS with the concentration of 1mL, the mixture is uniformly shaken and reacted at room temperature for 5min, Tris-HCl is used for replacing the sample reaction as a negative control, and the absorbance is measured at the wavelength of 560 nm. The superoxide anion clearance (%) = [1- (Abs560 sample/Abs 560 control) ] x100% was calculated as follows, and the results are shown in fig. 4. FIG. 4 shows the concentration of polyphenol in fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii on the abscissa and the superoxide anion removal (%) on the ordinate.
As shown in FIG. 4, the polyphenol content in the fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii is 0.3125-0.625mg/mL, the scavenging effect on superoxide anion free radicals is not significant, and when the concentration is higher than 0.625mg/mL, the scavenging effect on superoxide anion free radicals is rapidly improved.
(3) Scavenging of hydroxyl radicals
0.1mL of polyphenol samples of pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies (0.625-20 mg/mL), 0.1mL of EDTA-Fe (0.15mM), 0.69mL of 2-deoxy-D-ribose (2.5mM), 0.01mLH2O2 (0.1mM), and reacting at 37 ℃ for 10min, then adding 1mL of 2.8% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid (t =4 ℃), and 0.5mL of 1% thiobarbituric acid, then subjecting the sample solution in the test tube to 100 ℃ water bath for 8min, washing the test tube with tap water to rapidly cool the test tube to room temperature, measuring absorbance values Abs532sample at λ =532nm, using distilled water to replace the polyphenol extract of the pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies as a negative control, and calculating the hydroxyl radical (& OH) clearance rate of = [1- (Abs532 sample/(% 532 sample) ] 100% according to the following formula. The results are shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 5 shows the concentration of polyphenol in fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii on the abscissa and the hydroxyl radical scavenging ratio (%) on the ordinate.
The results in figure 5 show that the removal capacity of the polyphenol of the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body on the hydroxyl free radicals is correspondingly enhanced along with the increase of the concentration, and when the concentration of the polyphenol extract of the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body is 2.5-10mg/mL, the growth trend of the removal capacity on the hydroxyl free radicals is most obvious.
(4) For removing hydrogen peroxide
Taking Pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol samples (0.02-2mg/mL) with different concentrations, adding 0.1mmol/L H2O2, mixing well for 15min, diluting standard solution with 30% H2O2, and diluting with water to different concentrations of 0-1 mM; mu.L of the sample solution was taken, and 200. mu.L of the working solution (125M ammonium ferrous sulfate (II), 2.5M concentrated sulfuric acid, 100mM sorbitol, 125M xylenol orange) was mixed in, inoculated onto a 96-well plate, allowed to stand at room temperature for 20min, and the absorbance was measured at 595 nm. The clearance = {1- ([ H2O2] in sample/[ H2O2] incontrol) } x100 was calculated as follows. The results are shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 5 shows the concentration of polyphenol in fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii on the abscissa and the hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging ratio (%) on the ordinate.
The results of figure 6 show that the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol shows the super-strong hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging capacity (> 50%), the IC50 is less than 0.05, the concentration is 0.5-1.5mg/mL, the growth trend is obvious, and when the concentration reaches 1.5mg/mL and acts for 15min, the hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity almost reaches 100%.
In conclusion, the method adopts the modes of distilled water extraction, low-temperature vacuum concentration, vacuum freeze drying, mechanical mixing, microwave drying and high-voltage pulse electric field sterilization, avoids the use of organic solvents, effectively reduces the damage of polyphenol and dietary fiber in a high-temperature state through low-temperature concentration and freeze drying, and in addition, removes moisture and volatile substance ethanol through microwave drying. The invention discloses a high-voltage pulse electric field, which is a newly developed non-thermal sterilization method and can overcome the defects of damage of thermosensitive nutrient substances (vitamins, proteins with biological activity, pigments and the like), loss of volatile substances, natural color and texture change and the like in the sterilization process of the traditional thermal sterilization, and the invention proves that the food can be effectively sterilized under the conditions of pulse electric field intensity of 12-40kv/cm and pulse time of 18-20 mu s; the inventor adopts a high-voltage pulse electric field to treat apple juice, and the result shows that the electric field of 80kv/cm can effectively reduce 106cfu/mL of microorganism after being pulsed for 20 times, the vitamin C is almost not damaged and is 97.5 percent, so the product processed by PEF is obviously better than the traditional heat sterilization. In addition, the total polyphenol content extracted from the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp is 20.68%, which shows that the extraction amount of the extraction process is very considerable, and the in vitro antioxidant test result also further proves that the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp polyphenol can remove free radicals to a certain extent. The residue is rich in dietary fiber, and simultaneously contains a large amount of combined phenolic substances (the dry weight is 19.29 percent), and the residue can be used as an adhesive and a filler, so that the raw materials are saved, and the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body buccal tablet has various physiological effects, and has higher market value.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to the related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A preparation method of pleurotus eryngii sporocarp buccal tablets is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) freeze-drying the pleurotus eryngii sporocarp until the water content is below 4%, and then crushing the freeze-dried pleurotus eryngii sporocarp to obtain dry pleurotus eryngii sporocarp powder;
(2) mixing the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dry powder with distilled water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 18-22 (g/mL), and leaching at 20-30 deg.C for the first time;
(3) carrying out first solid-liquid separation on the mixed solution obtained after the first leaching, and mixing the solid residue obtained after the first solid-liquid separation with distilled water according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: 18-22 (g/mL), then sequentially carrying out secondary leaching and secondary solid-liquid separation, merging the supernatant obtained after the secondary solid-liquid separation and the supernatant obtained after the primary solid-liquid separation, and then concentrating the merged supernatant to obtain the pleurotus eryngii fruiting body concentrated solution; and collecting solid residue obtained after the second solid-liquid separation;
(4) Respectively freezing the pleurotus eryngii fruit body concentrated solution and the solid residue obtained after the second solid-liquid separation to sequentially obtain pleurotus eryngii fruit body polyphenol and pleurotus eryngii fruit body dietary fiber;
(5) respectively weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol, 15-25 parts of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fiber, 4-6 parts of xylitol, 0.3-0.7 part of flavoring agent, 3-8 parts of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 5-10 parts of Arabic gum and 2-6 parts of lubricating agent;
or the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50-60% of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body polyphenol, 15-25% of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body dietary fiber, 4-6% of xylitol, 0.3-0.7% of flavoring agent, 3-8% of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 5-10% of Arabic gum and 2-6% of lubricant;
mixing the weighed pleurotus eryngii sporophore polyphenol, the pleurotus eryngii sporophore dietary fiber, the xylitol, the sodium carboxymethyl starch and the arabic gum, adding 40-60% of ethanol to prepare a soft material, sequentially granulating and drying the mixed mixture, respectively adding the weighed flavoring agent and the lubricant into the dried granules, mixing, tabletting and molding to obtain the pleurotus eryngii sporophore buccal tablets, and performing high-voltage electric field pulse sterilization on the obtained pleurotus eryngii sporophore buccal tablets;
In the step (3), the concentration temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the concentration is carried out under the vacuum condition until the density is 1.20 +/-0.02 g/cm3；
In the step (4), the freezing treatment sequentially comprises pre-freezing and vacuum freezing, wherein the pre-freezing temperature is from minus 30 ℃ to minus 50 ℃, and the time is 12-16 h; the vacuum freezing temperature is below minus 60 ℃, the time is 18-24h, the vacuum degree is 5-10Pa, and the vacuum freezing is finished until the moisture is lower than 5%;
in the step (5), the drying treatment is as follows: drying the granulated particles by microwave under reduced pressure until the water content is 2-4%, and then screening to obtain particles with consistent size.
2. The method for preparing buccal tablets of pleurotus eryngii fruiting body according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the first leaching is performed for a plurality of times under the condition of continuous stirring, and the time of each first leaching is 1-2 h.
3. The method for preparing buccal tablets from pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), after the second leaching and the second solid-liquid separation are sequentially carried out, the operations of the second leaching and the second solid-liquid separation are repeated for a plurality of times, and the supernatant obtained after the second solid-liquid separation and the supernatant obtained after the first solid-liquid separation are combined together.
4. The method for preparing buccal tablets of pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the thickness of the tablet formed by tabletting is 4-6mm, the diameter is 8-15mm, and the tablet weight is 200-400 mg.
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