CN107478182A - A kind of multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer - Google Patents
A kind of multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer Download PDFInfo
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- CN107478182A CN107478182A CN201710483514.0A CN201710483514A CN107478182A CN 107478182 A CN107478182 A CN 107478182A CN 201710483514 A CN201710483514 A CN 201710483514A CN 107478182 A CN107478182 A CN 107478182A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/04—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by vibrating string
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
- H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
- H04J3/0638—Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer, and it includes the sensor passage interface with antisurge protection, signal switching circuit, signal chains, analog-digital converter, FPGA controller, microcontroller, excitation module, power management module；Sensor passage interface with antisurge protection connects signal switching circuit, signal switching circuit connection excitation module, encourage module connection power management module, signal switching circuit is also connected with signal chains, each sensor passage is corresponding with each independent signal chains, each signal chains include the instrument amplifier being sequentially connected, frequency overlapped-resistable filter, sampling holder, multiplexer, instrument amplifier front end connects signal switching circuit, multiplexer connects analog-digital converter, analog-digital converter connects FPGA controller, FPGA controller connects microcontroller, FPGA controller is also connected with multiplexer.The present invention solves the problems, such as that synchro measure can not be realized by being currently directed to works entirety static strain stress monitoring.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of civil engineering, is related to a kind of multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer, strong safely applied to structure
Health monitors industry.
Background technology
Currently for the multi-channel measurement equipment of the sensor of vibrating wire principle, all use to enter by relay or analog switch
The switching of row signal realizes that passage extends, so as to realize the vibrating wire sensor signal acquisition of multichannel.Prior art passes through signal chains
The relay or analog switch extended channel of front end, then by shared signal conditioning circuit and analog-digital converter, microcontroller
Data signal is converted into, calculates final frequency values.Although prior art can realize Multi-channel extension by the method that piece selects,
The measurement of multichannel vibrating string type sensor is realized, but this mode can only realize the acquisition mode of channel polling (serial), can not
The synchro measure of multiple interchannels is realized, as structural safety monitoring/detection industry development is more and more ripe, country is directed to structure
More stricter monitoring/examination criterias have also been provided in safety monitoring, and structural safety monitoring/detection is actual in practice deposits
The problem of, such as the synchro measure of static physical amount, higher measurement scene is required to real-time and synchronism at some,
Current training in rotation formula multichannel collecting equipment can not comprehensively and accurately evaluation structure thing at a time and in certain time period
Stress, relative to works when load is undergone mutation, be tested works on if all the sensors can be experienced simultaneously
Change to power is so-called synchro measure mode, than the metering system more science of polling type and rigorous and current
Technology, be delayed between adjacency channel caused by polling type all in second level, all passages add up communication channel delay may a few minutes even
It is more than ten minutes, very unfavorable for the overall stress characteristic monitoring to being monitored works.
The content of the invention
For it is above-mentioned the problem of, in order to solve existing for the multichannel vibratory string acquisition mode of traditional polling type at present to knot
The stress of structure thing can not obtain the sensing data of each key position at the same time, and the invention provides a kind of multichannel is same
Vibrating wire acquirer is walked, the synchro measure of each passage of separate unit Multichannel vibrating wire acquirer can be realized, and more vibratory strings are adopted
Synchro measure can be achieved between collection instrument, can not currently be realized together for works entirety static strain stress monitoring so as to solve
The problem of pacing amount.
The principles and methods of the present invention：In order to realize the synchronous acquisition between multiple passages, it is necessary to which each passage uses
Independent signal link, i.e. signal conditioning circuit and exciting circuit, but cost, equipment volume and equipment power dissipation are taken into account again, institute
Under conditions of it can ensure multiple Channel Synchronous collections, to simplify circuit complexity as far as possible.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer, it includes protecting with antisurge
The sensor passage interface of shield, signal switching circuit, signal chains, analog-digital converter, FPGA controller, microcontroller, excited modes
Block, power management module；Sensor passage interface with antisurge protection connects signal switching circuit, and signal switching circuit connects
Excitation module, excitation module connection power management module are connect, signal switching circuit is also connected with signal chains, each sensor passage pair
There should be each independent signal chains, the instrument amplifier, frequency overlapped-resistable filter, sampling that each signal chains include being sequentially connected are kept
Device, multiplexer, instrument amplifier front end connection signal switching circuit, multiplexer connection analog-digital converter, modulus turn
Parallel operation connects FPGA controller, FPGA controller connection microcontroller, and FPGA controller is also connected with multiplexer.
Further preferably, the microcontroller connection trigger signal control module, RS485 communication interfaces, DataFlash are deposited
Reservoir, eeprom memory, RTC real-time clocks, high-power excitation module, trigger signal control module are also connected with FPGA controls
Device.
Further preferably, the excitation module is high-power excitation module, encourages the power of module according to each passage wink
Between exciting power calculate, the factor of General Influence power parameter has, the DC internal resistance of vibrating string type sensor, exciting current, leads to
The power of a passage can be drawn by crossing P=I^2*R, then P is multiplied by into port number N, you can draw the power required for excitation module.
Further preferably, high-power excitation module and power management module are replaced by following structure, each passage configuration one
Individual energy-storage units, each energy-storage units carry out the pulse-width controlled of driving pulse, all energy-storage units by an electronic switch
Charged using same boost module.
Further preferably, it is Acquisition Instrument main frame 19 to configure a unique vibrating wire acquirer, and remaining vibrating wire acquirer is to adopt
Collect instrument clump machine, Acquisition Instrument main frame 19 sends synchronous triggering signal to Acquisition Instrument slave 1 to adopting by trigger signal control module 10
Collection instrument slave N realizes the synchronous acquisition of more vibratory string equipment, and the transmission medium of synchronous triggering signal can use difference form, lead to
Twisted-pair feeder is crossed, as netting twine is transmitted.
Specifically, high-power excitation module is carried out to vibrating wire sensor all in equipment simultaneously by signal switching circuit
Exciting, caused pumping signal pass through each independent signal chains：It is instrument amplifier, frequency overlapped-resistable filter, sampling holder, more
Sampled after the converter of road through analog-digital converter, be sent to FPGA controller the data of each passage are carried out respectively FFT and
FIR Digital Signal Processing computings, after the completion of again by microcontroller carry out frequency domain signal identification and frequency exact algorithm obtain
The synchronous vibratory string signal measurements of each passage.
Key point 1：Due to realize the parallel acquisition of multiple passages, it is impossible to using setting for a shared signal chains
Meter, so will be unable to which sensor is identified input signal be, as requested, the present invention uses the signal of each passage independence
Chain is designed, and including instrument amplifier, frequency overlapped-resistable filter, sampling holder, multiplexer, wherein instrument amplifier is used
In the induced signal of amplification sensor, the amplitude output signal of general vibrating wire sensor is all smaller, in order to ensure certain letter
Make an uproar and compare, first order conditioning carries out the gain control to signal using instrument amplifier；Second level signal condition is anti-aliasing filter
Device, outside the interference and noise in addition to filtering out useful signal bandwidth, it is also necessary to ensure the requirement for meeting sampling thheorem, because this
The metering system of the vibratory string frequency signal of system is high-precision FFT computings, so the cut off band width of frequency overlapped-resistable filter is set,
Meet the requirement of sampling thheorem；The third level is sampling hold circuit, because the collection of multiple channel parallels will take into account cost, complexity
Degree, power consumption, if each passage configures independent analog-digital converter, that will bring very big cost, volume, Power budgets,
Increase the cost of equipment, the present invention can allow the signal parallel of all passages to gather using each passage access sampling holder
And keep, then coordinate analog-digital converter to carry out channel polling collection by the analog switch of rear class, realize synchronized sampling, asynchronous turn
Change, asynchronous conversion speed meets the minimum sampling rate requirement of system, and this makes it possible to relatively low cost and complexity
Realize the design of multiple channel signal synchronized samplings.
Key point 2：Sensor exciting module, due to needing synchronous acquisition, then sensor must also will be in synchronization
It is energized, so multiple sensors could synchronously induce frequency signal, and the present invention considers two schemes, and first is to adopt
With high-power excitation module, it is excited at the same time when measuring sensor, while to all the sensors；Second scheme is each logical
Road configures an energy-storage units, and each energy-storage units carry out the pulsewidth control of driving pulse by an electronic switch (such as MOSFET)
System, all energy-storage units are charged using same boost module.In practice, the effect of the first scheme is surveyed
System requirements is disclosure satisfy that, and the simple cost of method is low, therefore the first scheme is preferentially used in practice.
Crucial single 3：The synchronous acquisition of more vibrating wire acquirers is realized, because monitoring large structure, a vibratory string collection
Instrument far can not meet detection requirement, be adopted so having more vibratory strings inside the monitoring plan design of a general monitoring of structures thing
Collect instrument, thus need to consider the implementation of the synchronous acquisition of more vibrating wire acquirers.The scheme that the present invention uses is to pass through
It is main frame to configure one in more vibrating wire acquirers, produces synchronous triggering signal by trigger signal module, realizes that more are shaken
Synchronous triggering sampling between string Acquisition Instrument.The enabling signal of wherein main frame comes from the parameter configuration of server side, and whole net
The clock of network is synchronous, comes from the synchronized broadcast order of server.
Key point 4：The processing of data, all channel datas are sampled by analog-digital converter and are sent to FPGA controller
Afterwards, FPGA controller first will internally do buffer area, and the data of each passage are carried out respectively simultaneously FFT computings and
FIR digital filterings, this can carry out separate configurations to each passage to realize by the IP core inside FPGA controller, protect
Demonstrate,prove the real-time that data calculate.
The present invention is solved in current industry, for the Simultaneous Monitoring requirement of works static physical amount, from realization principle
On, the signal condition using each passage independence and the collocation using sampling holder and multiplexer realize multichannel simultaneously
Row collection, has taken into account cost and system complexity.Simultaneously by setting triggering main frame in monitoring net, remaining each vibratory string is realized
Synchronous acquisition between Acquisition Instrument.Due to synchronous acquisition to be realized, then vibrating string type sensor must carry out exciting simultaneously, this
If sample, using traditional scheme, each passage is required for one excitation module of configuration, the present invention uses high-power excited modes
Block designs, and simultaneously multiple passages can encourage simultaneously, significantly reduce cost and system bulk.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is more vibrating wire acquirer synchronous acquisition theory diagrams.
Fig. 3 is data acquisition execution flow chart.
Fig. 4 is frequency overlapped-resistable filter schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is excitation module schematic diagram.
Icon explanation：1. sensor passage interface, 2. signal switching circuits with antisurge protection, the amplification of 3. instrument
Device, 4. frequency overlapped-resistable filters, 5. sampling holders, 6. multiplexers, 7. analog-digital converters, 8.FPGA controllers, 9. micro-controls
Device processed, 10. trigger signal control modules, 11.RS485 communication interfaces, 12.DataFlash memories, 13.EEPROM memories,
14.RTC real-time clocks, 15. high-power excitation modules, 16. power management modules, 17.RS485 hubs, 18 DTU modules,
19. Acquisition Instrument main frame, 20. Acquisition Instrument slaves 1,21. Acquisition Instrument slave N.
Embodiment
The present invention is further clarified below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer, it includes the sensor passage with antisurge protection and connect
Mouth 1, signal switching circuit 2, instrument amplifier 3, frequency overlapped-resistable filter 4, sampling holder 5, multiplexer 6, analog-to-digital conversion
Device 7, FPGA controller 8, microcontroller 9, trigger signal control module 10, RS485 communication interfaces 11, DataFlash memories
12nd, eeprom memory 13, RTC real-time clocks 14, high-power excitation module 15, power management module 16.Protected with antisurge
The sensor passage interface 1 of shield connects signal switching circuit 2, and signal switching circuit 2 connects high-power excitation module 15, high-power
Module 15 is encouraged to connect power management module 16, signal switching circuit 2 is also connected with signal chains, and each sensor passage is corresponding with respectively
From independent signal chains, each signal chains include be sequentially connected instrument amplifier 3, frequency overlapped-resistable filter 4, sampling holder 5,
Multiplexer 6, the front end of instrument amplifier 3 connection signal switching circuit 2, multiplexer 6 connect analog-digital converter 7, modulus
Converter 7 connects FPGA controller 8, and FPGA controller 8 connects microcontroller 9, and FPGA controller 8 is also connected with multiplexer 6.
High-power excitation module 15 is swashed to vibrating wire sensor all in equipment simultaneously by signal switching circuit 2
Shake, the signal chains that caused pumping signal passes through each passage independence：Instrument amplifier 3, frequency overlapped-resistable filter 4, sampling are kept
Sampled after device 5, multiplexer 6 through analog-digital converter 7, be sent to FPGA controller 8 respectively to the data of each passage
Carry out FFT and FIR Digital Signal Processing computings, after the completion of again pass through microcontroller 9 carry out frequency domain signal identification and frequency essence
True algorithm obtains the synchronous vibratory string signal measurements of each passage.Microcontroller 9 connects trigger signal control module 10, RS485
Communication interface 11, DataFlash memories 12, eeprom memory 13, RTC real-time clocks 14, high-power excitation module 15, touch
Signalling control module 10 is also connected with FPGA controller 8.
The signal chains that pumping signal caused by each vibrating wire sensor passes through each passage independence：Instrument amplifier 3 is to letter
Number amplification, frequency overlapped-resistable filter 4 filter out interference and noise, sampling holder 5 realize parallel synchronous sample, the He of multiplexer 6
Analog-digital converter 7 carries out serial samples, is ultimately sent to FPGA controller 8.
The synchronous acquisition of more vibrating wire acquirers：It is Acquisition Instrument main frame 19 to configure a unique vibrating wire acquirer, remaining
Vibrating wire acquirer is Acquisition Instrument clump machine, and Acquisition Instrument main frame 19 sends synchronous triggering signal to adopting by trigger signal control module 10
Collection instrument slave 1 realizes the synchronous acquisition of more vibratory string equipment to Acquisition Instrument slave N, and the transmission medium of synchronous triggering signal can be adopted
With difference form, it is transmitted by twisted-pair feeder, such as netting twine.
The specific implementation of this multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer is mainly described in terms of four：Signal chains, sensing
The realization of device exciting module, signal processing module, multiple devices synchronous acquisition.
1st, signal chains：Totally 4 grades of devices, the first order use instrument amplifier 3 to signal chains, and ADI companies may be selected in practice
The precision instrument amplifiers such as AD620, AD623, by the i.e. configurable gain of the resistance of outside, general gain control is 100~200
Times, under the conditions of ensureing certain signal to noise ratio, signal is no more than power rail and clipping distortion occurs；The second level is anti-aliasing filter
Device 4, as shown in figure 4, frequency overlapped-resistable filter 4 uses the design of the Butterwoth responds characteristic, ensure the amplitude flatness of passband,
Circuit topological structure uses S-K circuit forms；The third level is sampling holder 5, and sampling holder 5 can use single channel or more logical
The type selecting in road, ensure that its incoming frequency meets that vibratory string signal bandwidth and retention value rate of descent meet picking rate requirement i.e.
Can.The fourth stage is multiplexer 6, is typically chosen the analog switch that the input of eight tunnels exports all the way, turns carrying out some passage
When changing, input and output are connected, multiplexer 6 carries out logic control by FPGA controller 8.
2nd, sensor exciting module：In order to ensure that vibrating wire sensor can synchronously produce frequency signal, the design is using big
Power drive module 15 synchronizes exciting to all the sensors, and the two-way of excitation and sampling is realized by signal switching circuit 2
The switching of signal, signal switching circuit 2 typically use the signal relay of 2c contacts, realize and vibrating string type sensor fully differential is believed
Number sampling.
High-power excitation module 15 as shown in figure 5, the circuit can realize 4.5A electric current output, fully meet 16 passages and shake
Encouraged while string type sensor, output voltage 40V, disclosure satisfy that and 16 passage vibrating string type sensors are excited at the same time, each
Sensor needs in a flash about 0.2A electric current, driving voltage 24V in exciting, and the sensor of such 16 passages needs altogether
16*0.2A=3.2A electric current output, the excitation module fully meet all vibrating string type sensors of the single passage of Acquisition Instrument 16
Parallel acquisition instrument.
3rd, signal processing module：Signal processing module includes two pieces of analog-digital converter 7 and FPGA8 controllers, and first piece is
Analog-digital converter 7, because the scheme of the invention using sampling holder 5+ multiplexers 6, only one in system
Individual analog-digital converter 7, in order to ensure the requirement of the sampling rate of multiple passages, the sampling rate of analog-digital converter 7 requires Fs ＞
The sampling rate of 1.5* port number * vibratory string signals, 1.5 be that surplus coefficient ensures sampling performance, and port number is single Acquisition Instrument
Number of channels, the sampling rate of vibratory string signal are the lowest speed for guaranteeing correct sampling vibratory string frequency signal without aliasing occurs
Rate, such as a width of 400~4000Hz of band of general vibratory string signal, then the sampling rate of vibratory string signal must not be less than 8Ksps, and one
As use 16Ksps.FPGA controller 8 is mainly used in the sampled data of each passage of parallel processing, and xilinx companies may be selected
The chip of spartan-3 series, FFT and FIR Digital Signal Processing are realized using the IP core of inside.
4th, the synchronous acquisition of more vibrating wire acquirers：Use collecting device can be by remote server configuration for Acquisition Instrument master
Machine 19, it should be noted herein that can only have unique Acquisition Instrument main frame 19 inside a monitoring network, the Acquisition Instrument main frame 19 passes through production
Raw synchronous triggering signal is sent to the machine and other equipment (Acquisition Instrument slave 1- Acquisition Instruments slave N), realizes between multiple devices
Synchronous acquisition.The transmission medium of synchronous triggering signal can be transmitted using difference form by twisted-pair feeder, such as netting twine.
In order to ensure to gather successfully, signal chains front end needs to carry out sensor states to each passage before measurement sensor
Detection, if it find that some sensors are short-circuit conditions, then diagnostic message is sent to acquisition software, notice needs to investigate sensing
The connection of device cable, it is closed mode that excitation module is forced in simultaneity factor inside, avoids causing to damage because of output short-circuit
It is bad, while a resettable fuse can be designed on the input link of each passage, if short circuit etc. is abnormal in gatherer process
Occur, can be triggered by resettable fuse and realize self-shield, so as to ensure the stability and reliability of system.
Other modules such as microcontroller 9, can use the STM32F10x series of ST companies, and main function is that FPGA is controlled
The frequency-region signal for each passage that device 8 exports is post-processed, and post processing mainly includes frequency identification and frequency accuracy amendment two
Part.Other peripheral hardwares, such as RTC real-time clocks 14, for receiving synchronized broadcast order, by local clock and the RTC of other equipment
Clock synchronizes.Eeprom memory 13 is used for the active configuration information of storage device.DataFlash memories 12 are used to deposit
Gathered data is stored up, when communication network interrupts, historical data can be replied from memory block, ensure the continuity of data.RS485 leads to
Letter interface 11 is used to communicate with DTU.Power management module 16 be supplied to whole system numerical portion, analog portion, it is high-power swash
Encourage the power supply of part.Sensor passage interface 1 with surge protection mainly for protect out of doors induction lightening to equipment interface
Damage, improve the reliability of equipment.
In the present invention, high-power excitation module 15 and power management module 16 can be replaced by following structure, and each passage is matched somebody with somebody
An energy-storage units are put, each energy-storage units carry out the pulse-width controlled of driving pulse, all energy storage by an electronic switch
Unit is charged using same boost module.
The multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer workflow of the present invention is as shown in Figure 3.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer, including sensor passage interface, the signal switching electricity protected with antisurge
Road, signal chains, analog-digital converter, FPGA controller, microcontroller, excitation module, power management module；Protected with antisurge
Sensor passage interface connection signal switching circuit, signal switching circuit connection excitation module, excitation module connection power supply pipe
Module is managed, it is characterized in that：Signal switching circuit is also connected with signal chains, and each sensor passage is corresponding with each independent signal
Chain, each signal chains include instrument amplifier, frequency overlapped-resistable filter, sampling holder, the multiplexer being sequentially connected, instrument
Amplifier front-end connects signal switching circuit, multiplexer connection analog-digital converter, and analog-digital converter connects FPGA controller,
FPGA controller connects microcontroller, and FPGA controller is also connected with multiplexer.
2. multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The microcontroller connection triggering letter
Number control module, RS485 communication interfaces, DataFlash memories, eeprom memory, RTC real-time clocks, high-power excitation
Module, trigger signal control module are also connected with FPGA controller.
3. multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The excitation module is high-power sharp
Encourage module.
4. multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer according to claim 3, it is characterized in that：High-power excitation module and power supply pipe
Reason module is replaced by following structure, and each passage configures an energy-storage units, and each energy-storage units are put into by an electronic cutting
The pulse-width controlled of row energization pulse, all energy-storage units are charged using same boost module.
5. multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer according to claim 3, it is characterized in that：Configure unique vibratory string collection
Instrument is Acquisition Instrument main frame, and remaining vibrating wire acquirer is Acquisition Instrument clump machine, and Acquisition Instrument main frame is sent by trigger signal control module
Synchronous triggering signal realizes the synchronous acquisition of more vibratory string equipment to Acquisition Instrument slave 1 to Acquisition Instrument slave N.
6. multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer according to claim 5, it is characterized in that：The transmission medium of synchronous triggering signal
Difference form can be used, is transmitted by twisted-pair feeder.
7. multi-channel synchronous vibrating wire acquirer according to claim 3, it is characterized in that：High-power excitation module passes through signal
Switching circuit carries out exciting to vibrating wire sensor all in equipment simultaneously, and caused pumping signal passes through each independent signal
Chain：Sampled, be sent to through analog-digital converter after instrument amplifier, frequency overlapped-resistable filter, sampling holder, multiplexer
FPGA controller carries out FFT and FIR Digital Signal Processing computings to the data of each passage respectively, after the completion of pass through microcontroller again
Device carries out the signal identification of frequency domain and frequency exact algorithm obtains the synchronous vibratory string signal measurements of each passage.
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