CN107460378B - A kind of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107460378B CN107460378B CN201710666331.2A CN201710666331A CN107460378B CN 107460378 B CN107460378 B CN 107460378B CN 201710666331 A CN201710666331 A CN 201710666331A CN 107460378 B CN107460378 B CN 107460378B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor materials and preparation method thereof, belong to electrician's new material technology field.The aluminium alloy includes: Mg:0.01~0.05wt.%, Cu:0.01~0.05wt.%, Fe:0.05~0.10wt.%, Si:0.06~0.15wt.%, B:0.01~0.10wt.%, rare earth: 0.10~0.30wt.%, wherein, for the mass ratio Fe/Si of Fe and two kinds of elements of Si less than 1, Ti, V, Cr, Mn impurity element total content are less than or equal to 0.01wt.%.Using technical pure aluminium ingot or electrolytic aluminium liquid as primary raw material, wherein inevitable Impurity Fe, Si, Cu, Mg are become into useful micro alloying element, the Young's modulus of cast alloy is greater than 71.5GPa, and hardness HV0.2 is greater than 26, is more than or equal to 60.8%IACS in 20 DEG C of conductivity.Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material of the present invention can be used for making electrolytic cell bus, bus for building, electric wire, cable etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material more particularly to a kind of low cost, with higher
Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material of elasticity modulus and preparation method thereof belongs to electrician's new material technology field.
Background technique
Aluminium busbar is that the sectional area made of aluminium and its alloy is larger, can transmit the electric conductor of larger current.It is used for aluminium electrolysis
Anode bus be connected with soft bus and anode rod, other than conducting electric current, main function is supporting anodes guide rod, it is desirable that is had
The ability of certain rigidity and bend resistance, aluminum electrolysis industry are referred to as hard bus.Traditional aluminium busbar uses commercial-purity aluminium, table 1
For the chemical component of the GB/T 1196-2008 remelting commercial-purity aluminium listed, wherein impurity content must not exceed the corresponding upper limit.
In the prior art, the commercial-purity aluminium smelting aluminium alloy for generalling use 99.7%, according to national standard, impurity Si, Fe, Cu, Mg
Respectively no more than 0.10%, 0.20%, 0.01%, 0.02%.The impurity content of liquid primary aluminum is different in aluminium cell,
Bauxite universal Si content in China's is high, and the Fe content in liquid primary aluminum is usually less than the Si content with grade, in addition, impurity content
It can change with the production time, it is especially significant with Si changes of contents, it can also increase Si in reflow process.When containing in aluminium alloy
When Fe, Si impurity element, in addition to there is needle-shaped hard crisp FeAl3Outside blocky hard crisp Si particle, it is also possible to form α (Fe2SiAl8) phase
Or β (FeSiAl5) phase, it is frangible compounds, has adverse effect to alloy mechanical property, electric property etc..Work as Fe > Si
When, α phase is formed, as Si > Fe, forms β phase, it is bigger to the harm of plasticity, in order to avoid cracking, usually control Fe/Si
Greater than 1.
The chemical component (wt%) of 1 remelting commercial-purity aluminium of table
The rigidity of component depends on the elastic modulus E and scantling of material.As prebaked-anode type cell is towards large size
Change direction to develop, the length of aluminium busbar is increase accordingly, in the case where elasticity modulus has been determined, in order to meet the rigidity of bus and resist
The requirement of bending, it has to further increase the sectional area of bus.Elasticity modulus depends on Binding Forces Between Atoms, is mainly bonded
The influence of mode, crystal structure and solid matter direction, temperature and the second phase.The element of same period, E value with atomic number increase and
Increase, specifically, wherein the E value of magnesium-yttrium-transition metal is very high, and with the element of family, E value increases with atomic number and reduced.Altogether
Valence link and ionic bond binding force are strong, and elasticity modulus is higher, and the binding force of metallic bond is weaker, and elasticity modulus is accordingly lower.
As temperature increases, atomic distance increases, and Binding Forces Between Atoms weaken, and elasticity modulus reduces.Alloying element reduces limited mostly
The elasticity modulus of solid solution alloy, if but formed high-melting-point, high elastic modulus Second Phase Particles, elasticity modulus can be improved,
In multiphase alloy, total modulus of two-phase system is between high-modulus and low modulus.
In the prior art, CN105088035A discloses a kind of highly conductive middle intensity nonheat-treatable Al-Cu-Fe-Mg-B
Alloy conductor material, including Cu0.20~0.30wt%, Fe0.15~0.30wt%, Mg0.10~0.20wt%, B0.05~
0.10wt%, inevitable impurity silicone content less than 0.05%, impurity titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese content summation less than 0.01%, aluminium
For surplus, conductivity reaches 59.2%IACS, and tensile strength is greater than 240MPa, and elongation percentage is greater than 2.0%.CN105821253A
A kind of plus iron lightweight high conductivity and heat heat resistance aluminum conductor is disclosed, wherein B0.04~0.10wt.%, Zr0.10~0.15wt.%,
Fe0.10~0.20wt.%, La0.05~0.30wt.%, inevitable titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese content summation be less than
0.01wt.%, aluminium are surplus, are greater than 62%IACS in 20 DEG C of conductivity, heat resisting temperature is 230 DEG C in short-term, tensile strength
More than or equal to 170MPa.The room-temperature conductivity and tensile strength of aluminum conductor involved in this two documents, but it is processing state
Or after processing timeliness again performance, and be not directed to related elasticity modulus index.
Based on this, need to be developed a kind of aluminum-alloy conductor material, elasticity modulus with higher and conductivity, meet special
Determine application such as requirement of the electrolytic cell bus to alloy property, while can also be used to build bus, electric wire, cable etc..
Summary of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of reasonable mixture ratio of components, have it is more high-elastic
The Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material of property modulus and hardness, another object are to provide a kind of conductor material for preparing
Cost effective method.The aluminum-alloy conductor material that the present invention obtains is provided simultaneously with higher elasticity modulus and hardness, conductivity, meets
Requirement of the specified conditions to alloy property.
To achieve the object of the present invention, following technical proposals are used.
The present invention provides a kind of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material, including following components:
Mg:0.01~0.05wt%；
Cu:0.01~0.05wt%；
Fe:0.05~0.10wt%；
Si:0.06~0.15wt%；
B:0.01~0.10wt%；
RE:0.10~0.30wt%；
Wherein, the mass ratio Fe/Si of Fe and two kinds of elements of Si is less than 1.
Preferably, Ti, V, Cr, Mn impurity element total content are less than or equal to 0.01wt.%, other inevitable impurity are total
Content is less than 0.01%, surplus Al.
In the present invention, for the quality Fe/Si ratio of Fe and Si less than 1, the Fe/Si in non-existing technology has to be larger than 1, can be with
The comprehensive performance of alloy is greatly improved using the synergistic effect of Si and other elements.Preferably, Fe/Si be greater than 0.3, such as
It is 0.9,0.8,0.7,0.6,0.5,0.4.
In the present invention, the content of Si be 0.06-0.15%, preferably 0.08-0.15%, such as 0.08,0.09,
0.10,0.11,0.12,0.13,0.14 or 0.15.A certain amount of Si element is added, mobility when alloy casting can be improved,
Castability and alloy rigidity are improved, and Mg all in alloy is made all to be present in Mg2In Si phase, it is ensured that the reinforcing of Mg element is made
With being not fully exerted.Meanwhile the synergistic effect between Si and Fe, B, make alloy have both higher elasticity modulus, conductivity and
Hardness.On the one hand, Si can replace the part Al atom on aluminium lattice, increase the vacancy concentration of aluminum substrate, to increase transition group
The diffusion rate of element of Fe, B atomic energy generate chanza to Si crystal, increase the quantity of efficient carrier, B shape in conjunction with Fe
At conductive metal mold compound, can avoid forming the higher intermetallic compound FeAl of resistivity3, to improve conjunction
The conductivity of gold.On the other hand, Si and Fe can form the second phase with high elastic modulus, and small and dispersed is distributed in matrix,
The elasticity modulus and hardness of alloy can be improved, and improve the toughness and welding performance of alloy.If the content of Si less than 0.06%,
Mg element may be present in aluminum substrate with solution, meanwhile, it is unfavorable for the synergistic effect of Si, Fe, B, when Si content is greater than
When 0.15%, Si can exist with free state, have an adverse effect to conductivity and mechanical property.
In the present invention, the content of Fe be 0.05~0.10wt%, such as 0.05wt%, 0.06wt%, 0.07wt%,
0.08wt%, 0.09wt% or 0.10wt%.Transition element Fe and H act on forming metal mold compound, most disperse point
It is distributed in molten aluminum, reduces the content of free hydrogen in molten aluminum, to reduce pin hole rate, be conducive to the raising of alloy conductivity, such as
The content of fruit Fe then can not produce above-mentioned effect less than 0.05%.If the content of Fe is more than 0.10%, formed resistivity compared with
High intermetallic compound FeAl3, electric conductivity can be damaged, the hardness of alloy is also influenced.
In the present invention, the content of RE is 0.10-0.30%, such as 0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25 or 0.30, RE can be with
It is a kind, 2 kinds or 3 kinds in Ce, La, Y, Er, Sc, Mm, wherein Mm is the mischmetal of La and Ce, specially 65%Ce+
35%La.
In the present invention, the content of Mg element be 0.01~0.05wt%, as 0.01wt%, 0.02wt%, 0.03wt%,
0.04wt%, 0.05wt%.The content of Cu is 0.01-0.05%, such as 0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04 or 0.05, containing
In the alloy of Mg and Si, Cu, which is added, can further promote age-hardening effect.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material, including following steps
It is rapid:
(1) taking purity is 99.7% or more technical pure aluminium ingot remelting, or using electrolytic aluminium liquid as raw material, control is molten
Refining temperature is 760 DEG C -780 DEG C；
(2) alloying element B, RE is added, when the content of Fe, Si, Mg, Cu element in the technical pure aluminium ingot or electrolytic aluminium liquid
Lower than respective element design content when, add the alloying element；
(3) it refines；
(4) stokehold fast component is analyzed, and carries out composition adjustment based on the analysis results；
(5) it is stood in 710 DEG C of -730 DEG C of heat preservations, then casting obtains aluminum alloy blank.
The design content of the element is the content of element in Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material.
The present invention using commercial-purity aluminium or electrolytic aluminium liquid as primary raw material, will wherein inevitable Cu, Mg, Si, Fe
Impurity element is used as alloying element, plays its beneficial effect, reduces the cost of control impurity content.For electricity
The step of solving aluminium manufacturer, directlying adopt electrolytic aluminium liquid as raw material, can save ingot casting remelting reduces cost and inhibits inclining for increasing Si
To.
Preferably, the casting is by the way of being quickly cooled down.
Preferably, casting cooling rate be more than or equal to 20 DEG C/2, it is preferred to use water cooling, the blank be semicontinuous ingot casting or
Continuous billet casting.
The invention has the benefit that
(1) the present invention is based on the rational proportion of Al, Si, Fe, Cu, Mg, B, RE element and synergistic effect, opposite technical pures
The elasticity modulus and hardness of alloy greatly improved under the premise of keeping conductivity not decline in aluminium, as-cast aluminum alloy blank
Young's modulus is greater than 71.5GPa, hardness HV0.2 and is greater than 26, is more than or equal to 60.8%IACS in 20 DEG C of conductivity.
(2) using technical pure aluminium ingot or electrolytic aluminium liquid as primary raw material, will wherein inevitable Impurity Fe,
Si, Cu, Mg become useful micro alloying element, need not control without the aluminium using the more expensive higher purity of price and/or strictly
Impurity content in commercial-purity aluminium processed, also, higher Si content is designed, meet the resources advantage of China's high-silica diaspore ore,
The synergistic effect for playing Si and Fe, B, obtains preferable comprehensive performance with lower cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the as-cast metallographic structure of embodiment 3；
Fig. 2 is the as-cast metallographic structure of comparative example 12.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by means of specific implementation, is only to aid in and understands this hair
It is bright, it should not be regarded as a specific limitation of the invention.
The ingredient that embodiment 1-10 and comparative example 1-11 is arranged is as shown in table 2, and wherein Mm is specially 65%Ce+35%
La.Using purity for 99.7% technical pure aluminium ingot, (wherein Si is 0.05wt%, Fe 0.13wt%, Cu 0.01wt%, Mg
For 0.01wt%), after 760-780 DEG C of fusing commercial-purity aluminium, alloying element B is added, when Fe, Si in the technical pure aluminium ingot,
The content of Mg, Cu element is lower than when the design content of respective components, Fe element is set as described in the content of Fe is lower than table 2 in table 2
When counting content, the alloying element is added, RE element is added, is refined later, the analysis of stokehold fast component, then carry out ingredient tune
It is whole, make component content described in the mass percent table 2 of each element, Ti, V, Cr, Mn impurity element total content are less than or equal to
0.01wt.%, other inevitable content of impurities are surplus less than 0.01%, Al, are stood in 710-730 DEG C of heat preservation, so
Direct water-cooling semi-continuous casting is at aluminium alloy ingots afterwards.
2 design of alloy table (wt%) of table
The performance of the alloy described in above-described embodiment and comparative example is tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.According to GB/T
Conductivity of the 12966-2008 beta alloy at 20 DEG C, according to the hardness HV0.2 of GB/T 4340.1-2009 beta alloy, according to
Standard GB/T/T 228.1-2010 beta alloy Young's modulus, the Young's modulus are using conventional tension test measurement
Stretch modulus, for characterizing the elasticity modulus of material.
3 test result of table
The test result as described in table 3 is it is found that the Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy with component of the present invention and content is led
Body material, the Young's modulus of cast alloy are greater than 71.5GPa, hardness HV0.2 and are greater than 26, be more than or equal in 20 DEG C of conductivity
60.8%IACS.
It can be seen that from embodiment 1-3, with the increase of Si content, conductivity decreases, but hardness and elastic modulus
It improves, when Si content is 0.12%, comprehensive performance is best.By Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 it can also be seen that relative to 99.7% work
Industry fine aluminium (comparative example 12), pin hole is relatively fewer in the as-cast structure of alloy described in embodiment 3, help to obtain preferable property
Energy.It can be seen that the content of Si is very few from comparative example 1,2, i.e., Fe/Si value is excessively high or the too high levels of Si, comprehensive performance are equal
It is relatively low.
It can be seen that by embodiment 4-7 and comparative example 3-6, the upper limit or lower limit of Fe, B, Mg content beyond design composition range,
It is difficult to maintain the balance of each performance indicator.It can be seen that by embodiment 8-10, the type for changing rare earth RE can obtain preferably
Comprehensive performance.Can be seen that by comparative example 7-11, add tri- kinds of elements of B, Si, Fe in two kinds and increase in both elements one
Kind or two kinds of content, performance, which is below, contains tri- kinds of elements of Si, B, Fe simultaneously and content alloy in design composition range
Comprehensive performance.As it can be seen that the synergistic effect between tri- kinds of elements of Si, B, Fe enable alloy obtain simultaneously excellent elasticity modulus,
Hardness and electric conductivity.It is also seen that the suitable two kinds of elements of Fe, Si of addition are conducive to play by comparative example 1,7-9,11-12
Its beneficial effect to elasticity modulus, if only one of both additions or content are difficult to obtain lower than design ingredient lower limit
Higher elasticity modulus.
In short, passing through the rational proportion and synergistic effect of Al, Si, Fe, Cu, Mg, B, RE element, opposite commercial-purity aluminium is closed
Elasticity modulus and hardness greatly improved under the premise of conductivity is slightly promoted in gold.Meanwhile by inevitable impurity element
Fe, Si, Cu, Mg become useful micro alloying element, realize the purpose of low cost.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material, which is characterized in that the Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material
Material is grouped as by following groups:
Mg:0.01~0.05wt%；
Cu:0.01~0.05wt%；
Fe:0.05~0.10wt%；
Si:0.06~0.15 wt%；
B:0.01~0.10wt%；
RE:0.10~0.30wt%；
The mass ratio Fe/Si of Fe and two kinds of elements of Si is less than 1；
Ti, V, Cr, Mn impurity element total content are less than or equal to 0.01wt%, other inevitable content of impurities are less than
0.01wt%, surplus Al.
2. a kind of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the content of Si is
0.08-0.15wt%。
3. a kind of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that Fe and two kinds of members of Si
The mass ratio Fe/Si of element is greater than 0.3.
4. a kind of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that RE be Ce, La, Y,
1 kind, 2 kinds or 3 kinds in Er, Sc.
5. a kind of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is under as cast condition
Young's modulus is greater than 71.5GPa, and conductivity of the hardness HV0.2 greater than 26,20 DEG C is more than or equal to 60.8% IACS.
6. a kind of preparation method of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material as described in claim 1-5 any one, packet
Include following step:
(1) taking purity is 99.7% or more technical pure aluminium ingot remelting, or controls melting temperature as raw material using electrolytic aluminium liquid
Degree is 760 DEG C -780 DEG C；
(2) alloying element B, RE is added, when the content of Fe, Si, Mg, Cu element in the technical pure aluminium ingot or electrolytic aluminium liquid is lower than
When the content of claim 1-5 any one respective element, the alloying element is added；
(3) it refines；
(4) stokehold fast component is analyzed, and carries out composition adjustment based on the analysis results；
(5) it is stood in 710 DEG C of -730 DEG C of heat preservations, then casting obtains aluminum alloy blank.
7. a kind of preparation method of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly by the way of being quickly cooled down, cooling rate is more than or equal to 20 DEG C/s for casting described in (5).
8. a kind of preparation method of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that adopt
With water cooling casting, the blank is semicontinuous ingot casting or continuous billet casting.
9. as described in claim 1-5 any one a kind of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu alloy conductor material in electrolyzer bus, build
It builds in bus, electric wire or cable and applies.
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| US3668019A (en) * | 1969-12-30 | 1972-06-06 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum electrical conductor wire |
| JPS61119659A (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1986-06-06 | Sukai Alum Kk | Manufacture of aluminum alloy material having high electric conductivity and strength |
| CN104862542B (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-11-07 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | Strength aluminium alloy monofilament and preparation method thereof in a kind of nonheat-treatable |
| CN104862541B (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-12-15 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | A kind of middle strength aluminium alloy line and preparation method thereof |
| CN105088035B (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-08-04 | 中南大学 | A kind of highly conductive middle intensity nonheat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material and preparation method |
| CN105803276A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-07-27 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | Electro-conductive filament |
| CN106480342B (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-05-04 | 河南中孚铝合金有限公司 | A kind of Aluminum alloy pole material and its production method with heat-resistant quality |
| CN106435288A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-02-22 | 安徽双诚电线电缆有限公司 | Aluminum alloy conductor for high-strength high-conductivity automobile wires and preparation method |
| CN106834814B (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2019-01-29 | 中南大学 | A kind of aluminium alloy conductor that high conductivity and heat heat resistance is anti-corrosion and preparation process and application |
| CN106636814A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-05-10 | 王国祥 | High-strength and heat-resistant aluminum alloy expanded-diameter bus |
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