CN107457404A - A kind of increasing material suitable for complicated part and mould shapes method - Google Patents
A kind of increasing material suitable for complicated part and mould shapes method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107457404A CN107457404A CN201710652704.0A CN201710652704A CN107457404A CN 107457404 A CN107457404 A CN 107457404A CN 201710652704 A CN201710652704 A CN 201710652704A CN 107457404 A CN107457404 A CN 107457404A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/007—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of increasing material suitable for complicated part and mould to shape method, comprises the following steps：The CAD geometrical models of part or mould are established, extract STL models, to preset lift height by STL model partitions as multiple layers；Multiple layers of inside and outside contour point is extracted respectively to form inside and outside contour track, based on inside and outside contour Track Pick-up and the corresponding NC instruction of each layer processing；From processing object of the plate that thickness is each lift height as each layer, each laminate material is cut according to each layer corresponding NC instruction of processing by cutter device；Each layer is subjected to lamination accumulation according to ordering and obtains just base or first briquet, lamination often accumulates precise positioning of one layer of progress when accumulating, first base is carried out into diffusion in vacuum connection afterwards or first briquet is first carried out to diffusion in vacuum connection stacked again finally to carry out diffusion in vacuum connection again.The present invention has the advantages that shaping efficiency is high, formed precision is high, the cost of material is low, forming stability is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to increase material forming technique field, more particularly, to a kind of increasing suitable for complicated part and mould
Material shapes method.
Background technology
Increasing material manufacturing (Additive Manufacturing, AM, also known as 3D printing, rapid prototyping manufacturing) technology, origin
In late 1980s, unique distinction and technologic advantage due to its principle, from plastics of functional verification during preliminary examination,
The nonmetallic prototype RP technique such as paraffin, paper, to the Rapid Manufacturing Technology for directly or indirectly preparing various moulds, then to mesh
Preceding metal parts or the Rapid Manufacturing Technology of mould, AM technologies achieve quickly development and actual application.Existing gold
Belong to increasing material manufacturing method, mainly have based on high energy beam to melt powder, the melting of silk material increases material manufacturing process and based on other energy
The solid-state of amount increases material manufacturing process.
Melting increases material manufacturing process, mainly melts (Selective including rapid laser-shaping technique, such as precinct laser
Laser Melting, SLM), direct metal laser sintering (Direct Metal Laser Sintering, DMLS) and laser
Nearly shape is made (Laser Engineering NetShaping, LENS)；Electron beam RP technique, such as electron beam melting
(Electron Beam Melting, EBM) and electron beam solid freeform (Electron Beam Freeform
Fabrication, EBFF)；Plasma deposition RP technique, such as direct plasma deposition manufacture (Plasma Powder
Deposition Manufacturing, PPDM)；The molten product RP technique of electric arc, such as electric arc manufacturing technology (Arc Rapid
Prototyping Manufacturing, ARPM).Different meltings, which increases material method, respectively quality, such as laser fast forming skill
Art, become process because all material will pass through solid-liquid-solid phase, cause Volume Changes big, residual stress and deformation are big and need
High power laser equipment, cost is higher, and it is low to melt product efficiency；Electron beam RP technique, because electron beam rushes to powder
Hit greatly, be unfavorable for shaping, and forming process must be carried out in vacuum chamber, and the requirement to hardware is high, and operating cost is high；Laser
Beam, beam-plasma, the part of electric arc shaping are limited without support, complexity；Further, since the accuracy of manufacture is not high and has arc light spoke
Penetrate, therefore, limit its industrial applications scope.Solid-state increases material manufacturing process, mainly has German Fabrisonic companies to develop
" ultrasonic wave increasing material manufacturing (UAM) " method, this method makes two to need connection surface friction, shape using the vibrational energy of ultrasonic wave
Into the increasing material manufacturing technique of intermolecular fusion, have and deform the advantages such as small, precision is high, but it still has problems with：Work as system
When standby part need to reach high-precision and require, it is in addition to needing ultrasonic wave building mortion, it is also necessary to sets three-axis numerical control milling
Bed is machined with increasing in ultrasonic wave after material shapes to part, so adds weight of equipment, manufacturing cycle and cost,
This method is only used for the increasing material shaping of low-melting-point metal at present.
Existing rapid shaping method for manufacturing metal laminated solid mass, its elder generation more than the maximum sized plate of part integrally to spread
Go out and then reject most of waste material using laser cutting system, stock utilization is low, and large area stone can make electrode and plate
Contact area it is big and cause resistance soldering current power density smaller, can soldering thickness very little, of low quality.And Shen Qing Publication
Number CN103350321A, the patent document in date of publication on October 16th, 2013 disclose a kind of metal parts based on contour feature
Increasing material manufacturing method, although thought that this method employs layering carry out hierarchy slicing processing, but its to the model of metal parts
Problems with still be present：This method controls the feeding track of plate by control instruction, and plate layering is sent into, mechanical completion
The superposition soldering of each layer of part, the feeding path that it can only be to plate are controlled, and can not be to the inside and outside contour of each laminate material
Accurately to be processed, machining accuracy is low, and part forming is of poor quality, thus the part for being not particularly suited for there is complicated inside and outside contour
Shaping.CN104827155A discloses a kind of admittedly molten compound increasing material manufacturing process suitable for complex parts, and this method, which uses, divides
Layer mode successively processes each layer, and the bonding of each layer is realized by solder, and then heating realizes admittedly molten compound welding shaping with complete
Increasing material into complex parts shapes, and it has the advantages of shaping efficiency is high, stock utilization is high, but further study showed that,
It still has following shortcoming：When by solder realize every two layers of part between connect, adhesion reliability is not high, finally gives
Part adhesion technique stability it is bad；Second, realizing the bonding of each layer by solder, the materials such as solder are mixed so that part is whole
The mechanical performance of body declines, and intensity, toughness reduce, and increases the defects of fine crack, stomata；Third, between every two layers of plate individually
Solder is added by certain device during bonding, whole technical process is cumbersome, requires more complicated to equipment mechanism；It is fourth, whole
Process is under off-line case, and by various cutting equipments, by each laminate material, by profile cut, well rear stack shaping is consolidated afterwards
It is molten compound, automation is not realized；Fifth, whole process does not have piecemeal processing, simply layer stack, for some each several parts
The diversified complex parts of material do not apply to.
The content of the invention
For the disadvantages mentioned above and/or Improvement requirement of prior art, the invention provides one kind be applied to complex parts and
The increasing material of mould shapes method, wherein according to the inside and outside contour feature of complex parts or mould itself, using the side of layering
Formula successively completes the accurate processing of the inside and outside contour of plate, and enables in particular to perform laminate stack successively to each layer after accurate processing
Product, is then successively positioned, and the diffusion connection of each laminate material is finally completed in a manner of integrally spreading connection, can correspondingly be realized
The machine-shaping of part and mould with complicated inside and outside contour, and the one-piece parts technique that existing moulding process can be overcome to prepare
The defects of stability is poor, mechanical performance declines, technical process is cumbersome, there is high formed precision, shaping efficiency height, material cost
Low, the advantages that shaping strength is high, moulding process stability is good.
To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of increasing material side of shaping suitable for complicated part and mould
Method, it comprises the following steps：
(1) modeling and layering：The CAD geometrical models of formation of parts or mould to be processed are established, and extract part or mould
STL models, using default lift height by the STL model partitions as multiple layers；
(2) extraction layering profile：The inside and outside contour point of the multiple layer is extracted respectively to form inside and outside contour track, then
Based on the inside and outside contour Track Pick-up NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer；
(3) successively process：From processing object of the plate that thickness is each lift height as each layer, pass through cutter device
The NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer generated according to step (2), respectively to each laminate material of each separately machined object
Cutting process is carried out, it is separately machined so as to each layer for completing there is inside and outside contour；
(4) lamination accumulation and positioning：Each layer processed will be layered according to the progress lamination accumulation of its ordering, to obtain
There must be the first base of formation of parts to be processed or mould inside and outside contour, or each layer processed will be layered according to its arrangement time
Sequence carries out lamination accumulation in the form of piecemeal, to obtain multiple just bases with formation of parts to be processed or mould inside and outside contour
Block, precise positioning of one layer of progress is often accumulated during the accumulation of above-mentioned lamination；
(5) overall diffusion connection：The first base of precise positioning is carried out to overall vacuum diffusion connection in the form of overall, or
Multiple just briquets of precise positioning are first carried out into diffusion in vacuum connection respectively, and block-by-block stacks progress overall vacuum diffusion connection again,
In this way, complex parts are completed or the increasing material of mould shapes.
As it is further preferred that one layer of upper surface along this layer is often accumulated in the step (4) carries out once entirety
Electric resistance welding or supersonic welding, so that it realizes pre- combination between last layer.
As it is further preferred that the material of each layer is identical or different in the just base；Each layer in each just briquet
Material it is identical or different, each material just used in briquet is identical or different.
As it is further preferred that the lift height of each layer is identical or different.
As it is further preferred that diffusion in vacuum connection is specially to be made under vacuum conditions in a manner of HTHP
Molecule diffusion is carried out between each laminate material, reaches the effect of integrated connection.
As it is further preferred that the high temperature is 0.4-0.9 times of material melting point, the high pressure is 0.2MPa-
100MPa。
As it is further preferred that the complex parts or mould that are obtained to the first briquet through diffusion in vacuum or final shaping are adopted
Finished machined is carried out until reaching its dimensional accuracy and surface accuracy with laser milling, mechanical milling, grinding or polishing mode
It is required that.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, mainly possess following
Technological merit：
1. the present invention be primarily based on the complicated inside and outside contour of part or mould with the thought being layered it is separately machined prepare it is each
Layer, and make the mutual lamination accumulation of each layer and then successively position it to be finally completed after entirety positions to be diffused in an integrated manner
Connection, the complicated part and mould prepared in a manner of disposed of in its entirety of the present invention relative to using existing way prepare part and
For mould, the technology stability of part and mould entirety is greatly improved, and the part and mould machine performance of preparation are more steady
It is fixed, do not mix other materials, intensity, good toughness are few the defects of fine crack, stomata, can overcome by solder cause part and
Mould machine performance and technology stability difference and by be individually welded between plate material processing cause process engineering cumbersome the problems such as.
2. whole part or mould are divided into by the present invention especially for different materials or the part or mould of complicated shape
Several piece, joint forming is diffused in the form of block-by-block is accumulated, completes composite or functionally gradient material (FGM) or there is complicated inner cavity
Part and the overall of mould increase material shaping.
3. the present invention before integrally diffusion connection, will carry out electric resistance welding or super between every two layers be accurately positioned of acquisition
Sonic welding is directly connected to pre-process, and makes to combine in advance to obtain the first base with certain technology stability between each layer.
4. the inventive method is based on discrete/stack shaping and layering Forming Theory, according to the complex-shaped of part or mould
The requirement of degree and precision and contour feature, realize the wide accurate processing of each laminate material wheel, and completion part or mould successively is each
The retrofit of the inside and outside contour of layer, layering complete superposition accumulation and the diffusion joint forming of part or mould, have shaping essence
The advantages of degree is high, shaping efficiency is high, applicability is wide, the cost of material is low.
5. the present invention is applicable not only under the control of the computer, diffusion in vacuum shapes after line successively stack shaping, and
Available in off-line case, each laminate material is expanded by vacuum after profile cut well rear stack shaping by various cutting equipments
Dissipate shaping.
6. the present invention is close to shaped solid, part or mould need not be supported in forming process, can be achieved each
The shaping of kind part and mould with complex shape, the overall mode for spreading connection shapes again the direct lamination accumulation of the present invention again
Miscellaneous part and mould, have the advantages that deformation is small, formability is stable, good without arc light radiation pollution, working condition.
7. present invention process process is simple, shaping is directly stacked, and is successively accurately positioned, it is overall fixed to be finally completed
Position, then overall diffusion is carried out to connect, lack every two layers the time required to being individually welded with material, improved operating efficiency, while simple letter
Easily, it is greatly cost-effective；The present invention is close to shaped solid, then successively positions to overall locating element or mould, can overcome sky
Between microgravity, high vacuum, the complex environment of easy unstability, available for space, rail manufactures corresponding part or mould again.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 (a)-Fig. 1 (f) is the process for having among the method shaping using the present invention complicated hollow shape metal parts
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 (a)-Fig. 2 (g) is the process for having among the method shaping using the present invention complicated hollow shape metal die
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 (a)-Fig. 3 (b) is that the centre prepared using existing method has the defects of metal parts of complicated hollow shape
Schematic diagram.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of invention described below
Conflict can is not formed each other to be mutually combined.
The present invention considers that the structure of complicated shape part or mould inside is difficult to be machined, and to part and mould
Have technology stability and require very high, successively stacked and carried out accurate according to its ordering by each layer to having processed
Positioning, just base then folded to heap and oriented carry out overall vacuum DIFFUSION TREATMENT, i.e., realized during successively stacking
Successively position, the whole part or mould after precise positioning are then subjected to diffusion in vacuum integrated connection in an integrated manner, made
The effect that part or mould are connected is reached by molecule diffusion between each laminate material, connective stability is very high, can expand completely
Fusion is dissipated, can prepare that strength and toughness is good, few part and mould with complicated inside and outside contour the defects of fine crack stomata.This
Directly contact between each laminate material in invention, without adding other jointing materials, mutually divided by each interlayer of DIFFUSION TREATMENT
Son diffusion, makes to be stably connected between each layer of whole part, reaches the effect of overall diffusion connection.
A kind of increasing material suitable for complicated part and mould provided in an embodiment of the present invention shapes method, and it is included such as
Lower step：
(1) modeling and layering：The CAD geometrical models of formation of parts or mould to be processed are established, and are based on CAD geometrical models
Extract the STL models of part or mould, using default lift height by STL model partitions as multiple layers, every layer of lift height
Can be with identical or different, it determines that operating personnel can be carried out rationally as needed by the requirement of the processing technology of part or mould
Selection and division；
(2) extraction layering profile：The inside and outside contour point for extracting multiple layers respectively is then based on forming inside and outside contour track
The inside and outside contour Track Pick-up NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer；
(3) successively processing is accumulated with lamination：From processing object of the plate that thickness is each lift height as each layer, lead to
The NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer that cutter device generates according to step (2) is crossed, respectively to each as separately machined
Each laminate material of object carries out cutting process, so as to complete separately machined, the plate of each layer choosing of each layer with inside and outside contour
Expect identical or different；
(4) lamination accumulation and positioning：
Each layer processed will be layered according to the progress lamination accumulation of its ordering, there is shaping zero to be processed to obtain
The first base of part or mould inside and outside contour, precise positioning of one layer of progress is often accumulated during lamination accumulation, will all layers
Stack gradually according to its order and position successively, finally complete all layers of stacking and positioning, there is shaping to be processed to obtain
The first base of part or mould inside and outside contour, the first base are the required part or mould prepared；
Or for complicated inner cavity and follow-up unmanageable part or mould, then carried out in the form of piecemeal
Lamination is accumulated, and precise positioning of one layer of progress is equally often accumulated during lamination accumulation, i.e., is divided into part or mould more
Block is simultaneously accumulated by block, and the part that polylith combines is the required part or mould prepared, such as part is divided into
Lower two pieces, each layer in following one piece is carried out into lamination accumulation successively according to its ordering and positioned successively to be somebody's turn to do to be formed
The lower part of part, each layer in one piece above is subjected to lamination accumulation successively according to its ordering and positioned successively with
The upper part of the part is formed, the accumulation of two pieces of first briquets with formation of parts inside and outside contour to be processed is completed with determining with this
Position；
(5) overall diffusion connection：
The first base of precise positioning is carried out to overall vacuum diffusion connection in the form of overall, in this way, completed complicated
The increasing material of part or mould shapes；
Or for complicated inner cavity and follow-up unmanageable part, by multiple just briquets of precise positioning
First piecemeal carries out diffusion in vacuum connection, and block-by-block stacks and carries out overall vacuum diffusion connection again, will precise positioning multiple just bases
Block each first carries out diffusion in vacuum connection respectively, and then each piece overlies one another in order and carries out overall vacuum diffusion company again
Connect, in this way, the increasing material for completing complex parts or mould shapes, because part or mould complicated inner cavity are subsequently difficult to add
Work, after each just briquet each completes diffusion in vacuum connection, complicated inner cavity block can be first processed, such as laser milling
Cut, mechanical milling, grinding or polishing, then stack again and carry out overall vacuum diffusion connection
In order to further improve the technology stability of overall diffusion welding (DW) and applicability, one layer is often accumulated in the step (4)
An overall electrical resistance weldering is carried out along the upper surface of this layer or the whole upper surface of current layer is scanned one by supersonic welding, i.e. soldering tip
Time, so as to be bonded completely between the lower surface of current layer and the upper surface of last layer, so as to realize the pre- combination between two layers.
For precise positioning mode its can use the device of any achievable precise positioning in the prior art or
Method is positioned, and the present invention is not limited within protection domain, such as the positioning with multiple locating rods can be used to fill
Put and positioned：(1.1) current layer stacked is positioned first with multiple locating rods, the plurality of locating rod is distributed in
The outside of current layer plate, and be bonded with the outer surface of plate；(1.2) next layer and then on current layer is stacked, after heap is folded
Make multiple locating rods increase to position all layers stacked, now locating rod and all layers of the outer surface stacked are pasted
Close, ensure that all plates stacked realize precise positioning with this so that do not occur between each laminate material stacked relative
Displacement；(1.3) repeat step (1.2) is until complete all layers of accumulation, and the first base for obtain after accumulation integrally obtains standard
It is determined that position.First layer is stacked on positioner, then positioned with locating rod 1；Again in first layer after positioning
The upper stacking second layer, then locating rod rising position to stacked first layer and the second layer；Continue located
The second layer on stack third layer, then locating rod rise stacked first layer, the second layer and third layer are positioned,
So circulation is stacked and positioned, until last layer of stacking finishes, and locating rod is increased to all layers of stacked realization
Positioning, so while completion is stacked for all layers, the overall positioning of just base is realized, be easy to follow-up entirety diffusion connection, protect
The relative position between each layer is demonstrate,proved, and then ensures the overall precision of whole part.The above is one kind to positioning method
Exemplary illustration, do not form limitation of the invention.
Specifically, diffusion in vacuum connection be specially made under vacuum conditions by HTHP mode it is overall accurate
The first base of positioning carries out the molecule diffusion between plate in the form of overall, reaches the effect of part integrated connection.Specifically, high temperature
Refer to 0.4-0.9 times that temperature is material melting point, high pressure 0.2MPa-100MPa.
It is also possible to use complex parts that laser milling, mechanical milling, grinding or polishing mode obtain to final shaping or
Mould carries out finished machined until reaching the requirement of its dimensional accuracy and surface accuracy.
It is embodiments of the invention below：
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is carried out by taking the metal parts that middle both ends with complex shape are not closed as an example to the method for the present invention
Further elucidated above, it comprises the following steps：
(1) referring to Fig. 1 (a), part C AD geometrical models, extraction zero are established according to the 3D shape of target part and size
The STL models of part, according to part actual shaping form and size selection lift height, in actual mechanical process, the layering
Thickness can be selected according to being actually needed, and according to the shape and complexity of part, every layer of lift height can be with identical
Or it is different, material can be with identical or different, and it determines that operating personnel can be carried out as needed by the processing technology requirement of part
Rational selection is with dividing, and in the present embodiment, the lift height for selecting each layer is 1.5mm；Referring to Fig. 1 (b) according to STL models
And lift height, STL models are divided into the layer that multiple thickness are 1.5mm in units of 1.5mm by hierarchy slicing software, respectively
The material of layer choosing determines by part process requirement, the same plate of each layer choosing in the present embodiment；
(2) the inside and outside contour point of the STL models of each layer is extracted, these inside and outside contour points is then based on and generates foreign steamer in corresponding
Wide track, the NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer is generated according to these profile traces by computer；
(3) shape processing object of the plate as each layer from the identical that thickness is 1.5mm, using cutter device according to
The NC instruction corresponding with current layer processing of step (2) generation, current layer is carried out respectively along the profile traces of current layer
Cutting process, the processing to the inside and outside contour of current layer is achieved in, while using multiple locating rods in positioner to working as
Front layer carry out multipoint positioning, so as to realize current layer be accurately positioned and finishing processing, referring specifically to Fig. 1 (c)；
(4) repeat step (3), i.e., the second layer is completed in cutting, and the second layer is stacked on first layer after positioning, so
Locating rod rises afterwards positions to stacked good two layers, or every two interlayer is carried out into electric resistance welding or supersonic welding directly connects
Pretreatment is connect, referring specifically to Fig. 1 (d), circulation is until the positioning of accurate integral stacked or pretreatment of the whole part of completion, are obtained successively
There must be certain technology stability just base, referring specifically to Fig. 1 (e)；
(5) the good whole part of the precise positioning obtained by step (4) is carried out into diffusion in vacuum as shown in Fig. 1 (f) to answer
Close, complete the molecule diffusion shaping between each laminate material in whole part, obtain the required target part for meeting condition.
, can be in same station if outline has the burr that part stays by positioner after above-mentioned overall diffusion connection
It is upper it is piecewise be machined, further to improve the precision of part.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment enters to advance by taking middle metal die closed at both ends with complex shape as an example to the method for the present invention
The elaboration of one step, it comprises the following steps：
(1) referring to Fig. 2 (a)-(b), Mould CAD geometrical model is established according to the 3D shape of target mould and size, carried
The STL models of modulus tool,, should in actual mechanical process according to mould actual shaping form and size selection lift height
Lift height can be selected according to being actually needed, and according to the shape and complexity of mould, every layer of lift height can be with
Identical or different, material can be with identical or different, and it determines that operating personnel can be as needed by the processing technology requirement of mould
Rational selection and division are carried out, as shown in Fig. 2 (c), the present embodiment first carries out piecemeal and is layered again, and mould is divided into up and down
Two pieces, wherein the thickness of one piece of each layer is 1.5mm above, below the thickness of one piece of each layer be 2.0mm, by hierarchy slicing software with
1.5mm, 2.0mm are that STL models are divided into multiple layers by unit, and the material of each layer choosing is determined by mould process requirement, this implementation
Example in above a kind of one piece of each layer choosing plate such as aluminium alloy, below one piece of each layer choosing another plate such as red copper；
(2) the inside and outside contour point of the STL models of each layer is extracted, these inside and outside contour points is then based on and generates foreign steamer in corresponding
Wide track, the NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer is generated according to these profile traces by computer；
(3) processing object of the shaping plate for the aluminum alloy material that thickness is 1.5mm as each layer is selected, is filled using cutting
The NC instruction corresponding with current layer processing generated according to step (2) is put, along the profile traces of current layer respectively to current
Layer carries out cutting process, is achieved in the processing to the inside and outside contour of current layer, while utilize multiple positioning in positioner
Bar to current layer carry out multipoint positioning, so as to realize current layer be accurately positioned and finishing processing；
(4) repeat step (3), i.e., the second layer is completed in cutting, and the second layer is stacked on first layer after positioning, so
Locating rod rises afterwards positions to stacked good two layers, or every two interlayer is carried out into electric resistance welding or supersonic welding directly connects
Pretreatment is connect, circulation is until complete the positioning of accurate integral stacked or pretreatment of briquet at the beginning of one piece above, obtaining has one successively
Technology stability just briquet one is determined, referring specifically to Fig. 2 (d)；
(5) processing object of the shaping plate for the red copper material that thickness is 2.0mm as each layer is selected, using cutter device
The NC instruction corresponding with current layer processing generated according to step (2), along the profile traces of current layer respectively to current layer
Cutting process is carried out, is achieved in the processing to the inside and outside contour of current layer, while utilize multiple locating rods in positioner
To current layer carry out multipoint positioning, so as to realize current layer be accurately positioned and finishing processing；
(6) repeat step (5), i.e., the second layer is completed in cutting, and the second layer is stacked on first layer after positioning, so
Locating rod rises afterwards positions to stacked good two layers, or every two interlayer is carried out into electric resistance welding or supersonic welding directly connects
Pretreatment is connect, circulation is until the accurate integral stacked positioning of briquet at the beginning of following one piece of completion or pretreatment, obtaining has necessarily successively
The first briquet two of technology stability, referring specifically to Fig. 2 (e)；
(7) briquet at the beginning of good two of the precise positioning obtained by step (4) and step (6) is subjected to diffusion in vacuum respectively
Compound to realize connection so that carrying out molecule between each laminate material in each just briquet and spreading, briquet is as schemed at the beginning of two after diffusion in vacuum
Shown in 2 (f)-(g), then briquet inner chamber at the beginning of two after diffusion in vacuum is finished, then the heap each other of briquet at the beginning of making two
It is folded last to carry out overall vacuum diffusion, the plate between briquet at the beginning of two is carried out molecule diffusion, obtain required meeting condition
Target mould, the temperature of overall vacuum diffusion is equal to 0.4-0.9 times of lower melting temperature materials, pressure 0.2-100MPa it
Between.
, can be in same station if outline has the burr that part stays by positioner after above-mentioned overall diffusion connection
It is upper it is piecewise be machined, further to improve the precision of mould.
Comparative example 3：
Shaping middle with complex shape and inside and outside contour pattern precision by the way of addition solder between every two layers will
Seek higher metal parts, following problem occurs during this method forming part：1) as shown in Fig. 3 (a), electric resistance welding enters to material
Row connection, part integrated artistic stability and integrality are bad, it may appear that local not merge situation；2) as shown in Fig. 3 (b), lead to
Cross the bonding that solder (A in Fig. 3 (b)) realizes each layer so that the overall mechanical performance of part declines, including strength and toughness drop
It is low, there is the defects of fine crack, stomata (B in Fig. 3 (b))；3) solder is added per when individually being bonded between laminate material, it is whole
Individual technical process is cumbersome.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles of the invention etc., all should be included
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of increasing material suitable for complicated part and mould shapes method, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：
(1) modeling and layering：The CAD geometrical models of formation of parts or mould to be processed are established, and extract the STL of part or mould
Model, using default lift height by the STL model partitions as multiple layers；
(2) extraction layering profile：The inside and outside contour point of the multiple layer is extracted respectively to form inside and outside contour track, is then based on
The inside and outside contour Track Pick-up NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer；
(3) successively process：Processing object of the plate as each layer from thickness for each lift height, by cutter device according to
The NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer of step (2) generation, each laminate material of each separately machined object is carried out respectively
Cutting process, it is separately machined so as to each layer for completing there is inside and outside contour；
(4) lamination accumulation and positioning：Each layer processed will be layered according to the progress lamination accumulation of its ordering, to be had
Need to be shaped the first base of part or mould inside and outside contour, or will be layered each layer for processing according to its ordering with
The form of piecemeal carries out lamination accumulation, to obtain multiple just briquets with formation of parts to be processed or mould inside and outside contour,
Precise positioning of one layer of progress is often accumulated during above-mentioned lamination accumulation；
(5) overall diffusion connection：The first base of precise positioning is carried out to overall vacuum diffusion connection in the form of overall, or by
Multiple just briquets of precise positioning first carry out diffusion in vacuum connection respectively, and block-by-block stacks progress overall vacuum diffusion connection again, with this
Mode, the increasing material for completing complex parts or mould shape.
2. shape method suitable for the increasing material of complicated part and mould as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described
One layer is often accumulated in step (4) can carry out the weldering of overall electrical resistance or supersonic welding along the upper surface of this layer so that its with it is upper
Pre- combine is realized between one layer.
3. a kind of increasing material suitable for complicated part and mould as claimed in claim 1 shapes method, it is characterised in that
The material of each layer is identical or different in the just base；The material of each layer is identical or different in each just briquet, each just base
Material used in block is identical or different.
4. a kind of increasing material suitable for complicated part and mould as claimed in claim 1 shapes method, it is characterised in that
The lift height of each layer is identical or different.
5. the increasing material suitable for complicated part and mould as described in claim any one of 1-4 shapes method, its feature
It is, the diffusion in vacuum connection is specially to make to carry out molecule expansion between each laminate material under vacuum conditions in a manner of HTHP
Dissipate, reach the effect of integrated connection.
6. shape method suitable for the increasing material of complicated part and mould as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described
High temperature is 0.4-0.9 times of material melting point, and the high pressure is 0.2MPa-100MPa.
7. the increasing material suitable for complicated part and mould as described in claim any one of 1-6 shapes method, its feature
Be, the complex parts or mould obtained to the first briquet through diffusion in vacuum or final shaping using laser milling, mechanical milling,
Grinding or polishing mode carry out finished machined until reaching the requirement of its dimensional accuracy and surface accuracy.
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| PCT/CN2018/073995 WO2019024469A1 (en) | 2017-08-02 | 2018-01-24 | Additive machining formation method suitable for complicated parts and molds |
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