CN107454850B - 用于自动内窥镜后处理器的过程质询装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本公开描述了一种新颖的监控系统,其使得用户能够验证由自动内窥镜后处理器(AER)提供的消毒循环的有效性。本公开提出了集成在过程质询装置内的化学指示器和/或生物指示器的使用,该过程质询装置模拟由在AER中处理的内窥镜提出的质询。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求提交于2015年4月9日的美国临时专利申请号62/145,323的优先权,该临时专利申请的公开内容全文以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及内窥镜领域。
背景技术
内窥镜检查程序在疾病的预防、诊断和治疗方面发挥有益作用。使用复杂、可重复使用的柔性仪器执行内窥镜检查程序,当其插入身体内时,可能会被包括潜在病原体在内的患者生物材料和微生物严重污染。对于降低交叉污染和可能的病原体传播的风险来说,患者之间柔性内窥镜的仔细后处理至关重要。
根据医疗装置的Spaulding分类,柔性内窥镜被评为半关键因素,并因此需要通过高级消毒来净化这些装置。因此,建议在内窥镜和可重复使用的附件的使用和后处理过程中(包括使用前、使用期间和使用后以及清洁后和高级消毒前),都要经常目视检查内窥镜和可重复使用的附件两者。然而,在应用于柔性内窥镜时,基于目视的验证方法具有严重的局限,因为这些装置中的复杂的窄管腔不能被直接目视检查。
自动内窥镜后处理器(AER)用于将柔性内窥镜清洁并消毒至减轻经受内窥镜程序的患者之间的病原生物传播和疾病传播的水平。通常,用户可用的唯一信息是由AER设备本身提供的参数信息,其主要由时间和温度信息组成。AER不监控能够确认消毒循环有效性的化学参数。
用于与AER一起使用的现有化学指示器或生物指示器不考虑由提供环境的长的窄管腔引入的质询,在该环境中微生物难以去除并且可能潜在地定殖于整个内窥镜。
发明内容
在实施方案中,描述了用于液体消毒步骤的过程质询装置,其中该装置包括:液体入口和液体出口,所述入口和出口由通道连接,其中所述通道被设计成曲折的路径以模拟内窥镜的几何形状,以及定位在通道内的至少一个指示器。
在另一实施方案中,描述了一种用于确定AER中的消毒质量的方法,其中该方法包括:
a.在AER内提供质询装置,该质询装置包括:
i.液体入口和液体出口,所述入口和出口由通道连接,其中所述通道被设计成曲折的路径以模拟内窥镜的几何形状,
ii.定位在通道内的至少一个指示器
b.分析指示器以确认是否已满足所需的过程条件。
附图说明
图1是本公开的一个实施方案中的指示器装置的顶视图。
图2是本公开的另一实施方案中的指示器装置的顶视图。
图3是沿着线3-3截取的图2的装置的剖视图。
具体实施方式
本公开描述了一种新颖的监控系统,其使得用户能够验证由自动内窥镜后处理器(AER)提供的消毒循环的有效性。本公开提出了集成在过程质询装置内的化学指示器和/或生物指示器的使用,该过程质询装置模拟由在AER中处理的内窥镜提出的质询。
图1示出了在一个端部具有AER连接端口12的示例性指示器装置10的第一实施方案,其中连接端口12流体地连接到沿着指示器装置10内的弓形路径延伸的微流体通道14。在通向离开开口30之前,通道14另外沿着弓形路径与一个或多个指示器装置16、指示器装置18流体连通。在图1的示例性实施方案中,指示器装置16是化学指示器,并且指示器装置18是生物指示器,其中生物指示器18另外与包含在易碎生长培养基胶囊18a内的生长培养基流体连通。一旦生长培养基胶囊18a的易碎构件破裂,则位于生物指示器18和生长培养基胶囊18a之间的通路18b提供导管,该导管用于位于生物指示器18与生长培养基之间的流体连通。
图2示出了本公开的另一实施方案,其中指示器装置50被构造为具有通过弓形微流体通道56连接的流体入口52和流体出口54。沿着通道56的长度,许多化学物质64、化学物质68和生物指示器58、生物指示器60、生物指示器62被移位。生物指示器58、生物指示器60、生物指示器62中的每一者与对应的生长培养基胶囊58a、生长培养基胶囊60a、生长培养基胶囊62a耦合,其中一旦生长培养基胶囊58a、生长培养基胶囊60a、生长培养基胶囊62a的易碎构件破碎,则通路58b、通路60b、通路62b提供与生物指示器58、生物指示器60、生物指示器62的流体连通。
图3示出了沿着线3-3截取的图2的指示器装置50的横截面,其示出了由材料51、材料53两层材料组成的装置50。化学指示器64和生物指示器60设置在层53中,并且微流体通道可以设置在层51中(未示出)。另选地,指示器和微流体通道两者可以设置在单层材料中。
如上所述,指示器装置10、指示器装置50在单个装置上包括至少一个化学指示器和/或生物指示器,该单个装置还包括微流体通道以模拟通过柔性内窥镜对自动内窥镜后处理器(AER)提出的负载或质询。在微流体通道14、微流体通道56的一个端部处的连接端口12、连接端口52允许使用适当带具直接将装置10、装置50附接到AER。在实施方案中,装置包含测试室,该测试室容纳化学指示器和生物指示器,该化学指示器用以监控消毒剂的最小有效浓度(MEC)并且该生物指示器能够量化在消毒循环期间所实现的活微生物中的对数下降。微流体通道14、微流体通道56是开放式的,以允许消毒剂在整个循环中通过装置10、装置50的连续流动。
在使用中,用户将首先使用从之前连接内窥镜的经修改的带具直接将装置10、装置50连接到AER机器,以允许装置10、装置50平行于内窥镜连接。装置10、装置50将被放置在AER的盆中,其还容纳等待后处理的内窥镜,并且在循环期间将完全浸入消毒剂中。在循环完成之后,用户将装置10、装置50从AER断开,并且首先将化学指示器的比色响应可视化以确认是否实现了MEC。如果生物指示器是基于检测来自直接涂覆在装置的室中或涂覆在置于装置的室中的合适基材上的活生物的生长的响应,则用户接下来将通过破坏含有生长培养基的易碎小瓶(这允许培养基进入容纳指示器的室)激活生物指示器。然后将该装置置于还能够读取来自生物指示器的响应的培养箱中。根据AER的消毒循环的有效性,将然后在确定的时间点检测响应以确认循环的通过或失败。
微流体通道的弓形路径被设计成基于Poiseuille定律模拟全长柔性内窥镜。在层流的情况下,体积流量由压差除以粘性阻力得出。该阻力线性依赖于粘度和长度,但是对半径的第四功率依赖性是显著不同的。在没有可测量的湍流的情况下,发现Poiseuille定律与均匀液体(牛顿流体)的实验结果合理一致。
根据Poiseuille定律,体积流量由下式得出:
流体阻力R由下式得出:
其中η是液体的粘度。
这有利地允许使用相当浓缩的格式通过柔性内窥镜模拟对AER提出的质询。例如,较大的胃肠柔性内窥镜中的一些具有2m长的管腔,其直径为5mm。给定具有已知粘度η的消毒剂,流体阻力R将与L/r4成比例,对于该示例,其等于51.2mm-3。为了模拟使用直径为1mm的微流体通道的等效阻力,所需的长度L将仅为3.2mm。
用于与本文所述装置一起使用的合适的化学指示器将包括验证消毒液体的最小有效浓度(MEC)的比色系统。一种可能的系统将基于常用的高级消毒剂邻苯二甲醛与设置在基材上的亚硫酸钠的反应。该反应根据以下反应形成亚硫酸盐加成产物和等量的碱:
C6H4(CHO)2+2Na2SO3+2H2O→C6H4(CH(SO3Na)OH)2+2NaOH
如果存在足够的邻苯二甲醛,则pH的增加使得pH指示器的颜色变化也设置在基材上。当邻苯二甲醛的浓度足够时,局部pH通常升高到11以上并发生到深紫色的变色。在这种指示中可以使用若干种合适的pH染料。可以使用类似的反应方案以测试用于戊二醛(GA)消毒剂的MEC,另一种常见类别的用于后处理柔性内窥镜的HLD(高级消毒)化学品。化学指示也可以被构造成积分器,这意味着它将不仅测量消毒剂是否高于一定浓度,而且测量其在该浓度下持续多长时间。这可以通过提供指示系统完成,在该指示系统中,比色响应与剂量或接触时间成比例。例如,通过将指示器系统沿着芯吸条而不是在点中设置,并且允许芯吸材料中的毛细管作用以指定沿着条的消毒剂的流动,沿着条的比色前区的可视化将然后成为时间以及MEC的指示。选择条的孔隙率以在给定的循环持续时间实现消毒剂沿着条的期望移动。芯吸条可以由适当的膜或过滤材料制成,但其也可以被工程化为附加的微流体组件,该微流体组件与装置的质询通道一起形成整体结构。
生物指示器应能够验证循环的消毒功效。它可以以类似于被设计成监控各种灭菌方式的当前生物指示器的方式工作。由此,它应该基于使用可以关于其生物活性被量化的生物实体。可以使用孢子或弱化/受伤的孢子作为生物指示器。在该应用中使用孢子的主要优点是它们在室温下是长时间“架藏稳定的”。除非通过设计,孢子的发芽和生长不容易被触发。在该应用中,可以简单地测量在AER中的消毒循环之后存在的活孢子的量,并将其与放置在装置的室中的孢子的预定量进行比较。然后可以将消毒前后的孢子种群的差值与有效循环的预期差值进行比较,并且在特定容差窗口内,可以确定消毒循环是否有效(通过或失败)。所测量的差值也将量化在循环期间所实现的对数下降。如果发现孢子对由AER中所使用的消毒剂的影响的耐受性过强,则在该指示中可用的另一种潜在的生物实体可以是适当的酵母。例如,酿酒酵母是可以在该概念中采用的一种酵母。它是对酿酒、烘焙和酿造有用的酵母细胞,并且它是分子和细胞生物学中最被集中研究的真核模型生物中的一种。使用基于荧光的酶促反应可以实现生物指示的快速检测。使用荧光基材的葡萄糖苷酶测定是一种这样的类别。例如,β-葡萄糖苷酶催化荧光基材β-MUG中的β-糖苷键的分解,以释放其组分部分葡萄糖和荧光化合物4-MU。当从发芽的孢子悬浮液中随着时间的推移增加荧光时,然后可以测量该酶的活性。该反应是潜在定量的,并且可以用于确定从消毒循环开始之前的预定初始孢子种群到消毒循环完成后的最终孢子种群的差值。确定消毒循环功效的另一种方法可以是测量来自消毒后残留活孢子的增加的荧光信号的动力学。而后,通过/失败的确定可以基于荧光强度多快达到给定水平。也可以使用比色测定代替基于荧光的测定,尽管人们会预料到这些测定不太灵敏。酶测定也可以驱动电化学响应。在该模式下,人们可以测量电位(库仑法)或电流(安培法)的变化而不是将光信号积分。
除了上述实施方案之外,可以为在本公开中所教导的应用考虑其它形式因素。例如,可以在单个卡上构建多个通道长度以模拟不同类型的内窥镜。
而且,如上所述,该装置可以具有设置在通道路径内的多个生物指示器和化学指示器以同时指示多个质询。如果用户希望将单个装置应用于各种内窥镜设计(管腔长度和直径),这将是可用的。
在其它实施方案中,可以设计该装置,使得微流体通道还包括在流动平面上方或下方以及在该平面内的死体积,以对与许多柔性内窥镜的设计共有的阀门和其它死流端进行模拟。指示器可以设置在这些位置以验证适当的循环是否完成。
除了化学和生物响应之外,还可以创建指示器以监控消毒循环的物理参数,诸如时间和温度。例如,可以包括与3M Sterigage或3M Monitor Mark指示器类似的时间-温度指示器,以独立于AER仪器测量消毒循环的积分时间-温度曲线。时间-温度指示器将被设计成具有阈值温度,在高于该阈值温度的温度下,指示材料通过沿着过滤材料或工程化微流体元件的条芯吸而流动。指示材料的流变性将被选择以具有温度依赖性粘度或粘弹性响应,以匹配描述消毒循环的时间-温度曲线的活化能。芯吸元件将具有选择的孔隙率,以指定用于指示流体的给定粘度的给定行程量。
在另一示例中,内窥镜本身可以提供质询,而不是使用具有通道的大体上平面的装置作为质询装置。在该构造组合中,可以将生物流通指示器和化学流通指示器放置在柔性内窥镜的上游和/或下游,并且以类似于前述针对该装置的方式在循环完成之后读取。
也可以创建一组生物指示器和化学指示器,其安装到内窥镜的控制头中的阀开口,而不是当内窥镜被放置在AER中时使用的典型“滑动件”。
最后,还可以具有“宏观”质询装置,其中具有与被消毒的内窥镜相同直径的同一长度的管材被围绕卷轴缠绕,其中流通组合生物指示器/化学指示器附接在监控装置的远侧端部处。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于液体消毒步骤的过程质询装置,所述过程质询装置包括:
(a)液体入口和液体出口,所述入口和所述出口由通道连接,其中所述通道被设计成曲折的路径以便以浓缩的格式模拟要消毒的内窥镜的几何形状,
(b)至少一个化学指示器,所述至少一个化学指示器定位在所述通道内,
其中,所述至少一个化学指示器能够监控在自动内窥镜后处理器中存在的消毒剂的最小有效浓度;
其中,所述消毒剂含有醛,并且其中所述化学指示器与所述消毒剂反应,以提供比色响应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述通道具有主要路径和一个或多个次要路径。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述至少一个化学指示器沿着次要路径定位。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述装置还包含至少一个生物指示器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述装置为大体平面的。
6.一种用于确定自动内窥镜后处理器中的消毒质量的方法,所述方法包括:
a.在所述自动内窥镜后处理器内提供质询装置,所述质询装置包括:
i.液体入口和液体出口,所述入口和所述出口由通道连接,
其中所述通道被设计成曲折的路径以便以浓缩的格式模拟要消毒的内窥镜的几何形状,
ii.至少一个化学指示器,所述至少一个化学指示器定位在所述通道内,
其中,所述至少一个化学指示器能够监控在自动内窥镜后处理器中存在的消毒剂的最小有效浓度,
以及
其中,所述消毒剂含有醛,并且其中所述化学指示器与所述消毒剂反应,以提供比色响应;和
b.分析所述指示器以确认是否已满足所需的过程条件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述通道具有主要路径和一个或多个次要路径。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述至少一个化学指示器沿着次要路径定位。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述装置包含至少一个化学指示器和至少一个生物指示器。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述装置为大体平面的。
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