CN107453585B - Method for collecting and converting alternating magnetic field energy and realizing device thereof - Google Patents
Method for collecting and converting alternating magnetic field energy and realizing device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for collecting and converting alternating magnetic field energy and a realization device thereof. The invention utilizes the relative motion of the magnetic field with the alternating magnetic field area and the energy collecting unit to generate alternating potential and current with opposite polarities, realizes the capacitor charging of the energy converting unit under one magnetic field polarity, and charges the energy storing unit under the next opposite magnetic field polarity by the capacitor energy, the induced potential energy and the magnetic field energy corresponding to leakage reactance together, thereby completing the collection and conversion of the energy in the area where the magnetic field has polarity change, breaking through the motor design and operation theory under the condition of steady magnetic field of the conventional motor, greatly improving the magnetic field utilization rate, and being more obviously superior to the common generator in the aspects of generating efficiency and device miniaturization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power generation, in particular to a method and a device for collecting and converting magnetic field energy.
Background
Today, advanced industrial and energy fields require more power generation devices with smaller volumes and higher efficiency. The existing power generation device mainly comprises a motor and a generator. For a typical ac motor, the motor volume is related to the motor torque, which depends on the product of the magnetic flux and the current, and therefore, is limited by the air gap flux density and the allowable current areal density of the conductors. The air gap density is limited, for example, the air gap field of a conventional alternating current motor is required to be sine wave, and the permanent magnet motor is limited by the maximum magnetic density (such as 1.2T) of a silicon steel sheet due to the fact that the main magnetic field of the air gap is generated by a permanent magnet. For radial flux electric machines, there is a dimensional constraint between the windings and the flux (the dimensions of the teeth through which the flux flows and the slots in which the windings are arranged directly affect the diameter of the stator of the machine), to increase the power density, it is generally achieved by increasing the utilization of the windings, for example by using a segmented core and a concentrated winding to achieve a high slot filling rate; for transverse flux machines, increased winding space is generally employed to increase power density, but such increases are also limited. In addition, the current density of the motor current flowing through the windings is directly related to losses and winding temperature rise, and is limited in the case of a defined cooling pattern and insulation. In summary, the structure of the current conventional motor or generator severely restricts its improvement in terms of improvement in efficiency and miniaturization.
Therefore, the development of a brand new high-power-density and miniaturized power generation device has important practical significance to meet the urgent need of the current advanced industrial field and energy field for a miniaturized motor or generator with high power density, and particularly to meet the urgent need of the field of power supply systems in vehicle-mounted and motor-driven occasions.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for collecting and converting alternating-current abrupt magnetic field energy and a device for implementing the same, which change the motor design and operation theory under the condition of steady magnetic field of a conventional motor, collect and convert regional energy of which the polarity of the magnetic field changes, thereby greatly improving the magnetic field utilization rate, and being more significantly superior to the conventional generator in terms of power generation efficiency and device miniaturization.
A method of magnetic field energy harvesting and conversion comprising the steps of:
(1) Generating a magnetic field having a north-south polarity alternating region;
(2) Generating an alternating potential in alternating north and south polarity regions of the magnetic field;
(3) Entering a north-south polarity alternating region of the magnetic field, collecting currently generated potential energy and magnetic field energy under one magnetic field polarity, and outputting the currently generated potential energy and magnetic field energy and the energy collected under the last magnetic field polarity under the next opposite magnetic field polarity;
(4) Store or use the output energy.
An apparatus for implementing the method for collecting and converting magnetic field energy, comprising:
a magnetic field source generating device for generating a magnetic field having a north-south polarity alternating region;
an energy collection unit for generating relative motion with the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field source generating device and generating alternating potential in the north-south polarity alternating region of the magnetic field;
the energy conversion unit is used for collecting the electric potential energy and the magnetic field energy which are currently generated by the energy collection unit under one magnetic field polarity, and outputting the electric potential energy and the magnetic field energy which are currently generated by the energy collection unit under the next opposite magnetic field polarity and the energy collected under the last magnetic field polarity;
and the energy storage unit and/or the load are used for receiving the energy output by the energy conversion unit.
Wherein,
the number of the magnetic field source generating devices can be one or a plurality of the magnetic field source generating devices.
The magnetic field source generating device can be at least one pair of permanent magnet steel or at least one group of energized coils, and can generate magnetic fields with alternating areas with different polarities (namely, north-south polarities).
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic field source generating device is composed of a plurality of pairs of permanent magnet steel or a plurality of groups of energized coils, and the permanent magnet steel or the groups of energized coils are arranged in a sequence of alternating north and south poles in a space direction, and a plurality of alternating magnetic field areas are formed in the generated magnetic field.
The energy collection unit is arranged below the magnetic field source generation device, and the projection width of the energy collection unit on the vertical plane of the magnetic field is smaller than the width of the alternating magnetic field area and larger than 1/3 of the width of the alternating magnetic field area.
In a further preferred embodiment, the ratio of the width of the alternating magnetic field region to the projection width of the energy collecting unit on the vertical plane of the magnetic field is 1.1 to 1.6.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the energy harvesting unit is a conductor and/or a coil.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the energy harvesting unit is at least one conductor, at least one set of conductors or at least one set of coils.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the energy collecting unit is formed by connecting a plurality of conductors in series, and when the conductors and the magnetic field perform relative motion of cutting magnetic lines, the directions of electric potentials generated by the conductors in the magnetic field are consistent, so that continuous energy collection can be realized. Here, the projected width of the energy collecting unit on the vertical plane of the magnetic field is the diameter (circular) or width (square) of the conductor.
Each conductor may be replaced by a plurality of parallel conductors in the same slot. In this case, the sum of the diameters of the conductors in the same slot approaches the slot width, which is the projected width of the energy harvesting unit in the vertical plane of the magnetic field.
In a further specific embodiment of the present invention, the energy collecting unit is formed by connecting a plurality of coils in series, each coil is formed by two conductors, and when the relative motion of cutting magnetic lines occurs with the magnetic field, the two conductors in each coil are consistent in the direction of electric potential generated in the magnetic field, so that continuous collection of energy can be realized.
In a further specific embodiment of the present invention, the energy collecting unit is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of conductors in series, each group of conductors is respectively arranged in each open slot below the magnetic field source generating device, each conductor arranged in the same slot is connected in parallel and sequentially differs by a fixed angle in the circumferential direction, and the positions of the conductors connected in series arranged in different slots in the respective circumferential directions are the same; continuous collection of pulse energy can be achieved.
In a further specific embodiment of the invention, the energy collecting unit is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of conductors in series, each group of conductors is arranged below the magnetic field source generating device, each group of conductors is different by a fixed distance in the moving direction, each conductor in each group is different by a fixed distance in the moving direction, and the positions of the conductors in the series connection arranged in different groups are the same in each group; continuous collection of pulse energy can be achieved.
The energy conversion unit is connected with the energy collection unit, and the energy conversion unit comprises: a diode and a capacitor in series with the diode; the diode has unidirectional conductivity, the on direction of the diode is opposite to the off direction, the on direction of the diode is consistent with one direction of alternating potential generated by the energy collecting unit, and the off direction of the diode is consistent with the other direction of alternating potential generated by the energy collecting unit.
In a preferred technical scheme, the capacitor is a high-frequency capacitor.
The energy storage unit and/or the load are connected with the energy conversion unit, wherein the energy storage unit and/or the load are connected with the capacitor in the energy conversion unit in parallel.
The energy storage unit can be a rectifying circuit and a capacitor, or the rectifying circuit and a battery pack, namely, the energy output by the energy conversion unit is connected with the capacitor or the battery pack after rectification.
In a preferred technical scheme, after the energy collecting unit is connected to the energy converting unit and connected to the energy storing unit, a group of identical energy collecting units and energy converting units are connected in a dual mode.
Furthermore, in a specific embodiment of the invention, the combination of the magnetic field source generating means and the energy harvesting unit is a generator, wherein the rotor is arranged with poles (as magnetic field source generating means) and the stator is arranged with conductors and windings (as energy harvesting unit).
In order to increase the alternating frequency of the alternating magnetic field region, the generator is designed into a multipolar multi-slot generator, preferably, the rotor has more than 18 pairs of magnetic poles, and the stator slots have more than 36 stator slots; the arrangement of the magnetic poles can refer to the magnetic field source generating device, and the arrangement of the conductors or coils in the stator slots can refer to the energy collecting unit, wherein the width of a motor slot (the width of the conductors is close to the slot) is smaller than the gap (the area of alternating magnetic field) between the adjacent N-S poles and is larger than 1/3 of the gap between the adjacent N-S poles; preferably, the ratio of the gap between two adjacent poles (i.e., the field alternating window) to the stator slot width is 1.1-1.6.
The generator may be designed as a multipolar slotless generator, preferably with a rotor of 18 or more pairs of poles, the arrangement of the poles being referred to the magnetic field source generating means and the arrangement of the conductors of the slotless stator winding being referred to the energy harvesting means.
In the device, when the energy collecting unit and the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field source generating device move relatively and enter a magnetic field alternating region, alternating potential and current are generated by the energy collecting unit, the energy collecting unit is connected to the energy converting unit, one direction of the potential of the energy collecting unit is consistent with the conducting direction of a diode in the energy converting unit, and the other direction of the potential of the energy collecting unit is consistent with the cutting-off direction of the diode.
When the potential direction generated by the energy collecting unit entering a magnetic pole is consistent with the conducting direction of a diode in the energy converting unit, charging a capacitor connected in series with the diode through the diode, and storing the magnetic field energy corresponding to the induced potential energy and leakage reactance generated by the motion in the magnetic field in the capacitor, wherein the voltage direction on the capacitor is opposite to the potential direction, and the current on the capacitor continuously changes due to the existence of inductive reactance on the energy collecting unit;
when the energy collecting unit and the magnetic field continue to move relatively and enter another opposite magnetic pole, the potential direction generated by the energy collecting unit is changed and is consistent with the cut-off direction of the diode, the voltage on the diode (the polarity is opposite to the conduction direction of the diode) is superposed with the capacitor voltage, the magnetic induction potential and the stray potential corresponding to the leakage reactance, and the pulse voltage is greatly higher than the potential generated by the energy collecting unit on the waveform, and at the moment, three energies, namely the capacitor energy, the induced potential energy generated by the motion in the magnetic field and the magnetic field energy corresponding to the leakage reactance, are output to an external energy storage device or a load through the capacitor.
Because the magnetic field density of the energy collecting unit in the moving direction changes in the alternating magnetic field area, the density of the energy collecting unit is greatly increased when the energy collecting unit enters the next magnetic pole, so that the electric potential induced on the energy collecting unit is greatly higher than the electric potential corresponding to the magnetic density when the energy collecting unit is not arranged. Under the condition that the currents of the energy collecting units are the same, the generated electric quantity is greatly improved due to the improvement of the voltage.
Therefore, the invention breaks through the motor design and operation theory under the condition of the steady magnetic field of the conventional motor, utilizes the characteristics of small region at the alternating position of the magnetic poles of the alternating current motor and large magnetic field mutation to generate mutation (alternating) potential in the conductor, and further greatly improves the amplitude of the output voltage through the energy conversion unit; moreover, by the matching design of the pole grooves, a winding potential high pulse sequence is formed, and the overall power density of the motor is improved; under the condition that the motor current is unchanged, the motor loss is relatively small and the efficiency is high due to the increase of the power density. The invention can be used as a motor alone or as an energy collection system of a common generator. The invention is also applicable to the absorption of electromagnetic wave energy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) The invention realizes the collection and conversion of the energy of the magnetic field alternating mutation area, and utilizes the alternating energy of the magnetic field to generate electricity, and compared with the conventional generator which uses the magnetic field of the non-alternating area as the medium for the electromechanical energy conversion, the invention is a brand new energy conversion technology of the generator (motor) and is a great breakthrough in the electromagnetic conversion technology.
(2) According to the invention, through the energy collection unit and the specific energy conversion unit which are in relative motion with the magnetic field, the potential energy change of the magnetic field and the mechanical energy are converted into electric energy, so that the magnetic field utilization rate is greatly improved, the overall power density is improved, and the power generation efficiency is obviously superior to that of a common generator.
(3) The miniaturization degree of the device is also obviously superior to that of a common generator due to the large magnetic field mutation of the small magnetic pole alternation area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation apparatus for magnetic field energy harvesting and conversion according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a magnetic field source generating device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution generated in space by the magnetic field source generating device shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the relative positions of the magnetic field source generating device and the motion level of the energy harvesting unit shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a plurality of conductors as an energy harvesting unit in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the potential generated by the relative movement of the conductor and magnetic field as an energy harvesting unit.
Fig. 7a and 7b are schematic views of groups of conductors as energy harvesting units connected in two different ways in another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy conversion unit and a connection relationship between the energy conversion unit and an energy collection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the energy conversion unit.
Fig. 10 a-10 c are schematic diagrams of generators as a combination of magnetic field source generating devices and energy harvesting units in some embodiments of the invention. Fig. 10a is a section of a stator core lamination and a winding conductor of a generator, fig. 10b is a rotor structure of the generator, and fig. 10c is a section of the stator winding conductor and the core lamination in a slotless condition.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated in the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a device for realizing magnetic field energy collection and conversion comprises:
a magnetic field source generating device 1 for generating a magnetic field having a north-south polarity alternating region;
an energy collection unit 2 for generating relative motion with the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field source generating device 1 and generating alternating electric potential in the north-south polarity alternating region of the magnetic field;
the energy conversion unit 3 is configured to collect the electric potential energy and the magnetic field energy currently generated by the energy collection unit 2 under one magnetic field polarity, and output the electric potential energy and the magnetic field energy currently generated by the energy collection unit 2 and the energy collected under the last magnetic field polarity together under the next opposite magnetic field polarity;
the energy storage unit and/or the load 4 is used for receiving the energy output by the energy conversion unit 3.
With respect to the magnetic field source generating device 1,
the number of the magnetic field source generating devices 1 may be 1 or a plurality thereof.
The magnetic field source generating device 1 can be at least 1 pair of permanent magnet steel, and can also be at least one group of energized coils, and can generate magnetic fields with two alternating regions with different polarities (namely, north-south polarities).
When the number of the magnetic field source generating devices 1 is plural, or the magnetic field source generating devices 1 are plural pairs of permanent magnet steel or plural sets of energized coils, a plurality of alternating magnetic field regions may be formed in a sequence of alternating north and south poles in the spatial direction.
The magnetic field generated by the magnetic field source generating device 1 according to one embodiment and the alternating magnetic field region thereof will be described below by taking the magnetic field source generating device as an example:
in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the magnetic field source generating device 1 is composed of two pairs of permanent magnets, the magnets are arranged in N-S-N-S, and generate a magnetic field having a north-south polarity alternating region, and a spatial distribution diagram of the magnetic field is shown in fig. 3. Wherein θ represents the air gap flux density, and M is the magnetic field distribution corresponding to the alternating magnetic field region.
As can be seen from fig. 3, when two pairs of permanent magnets are arranged in the order of N-S-N-S in the spatial direction, three north-south polarity alternating magnetic field regions are formed in sequence below the magnets: (1) the magnetic field intensity gradually becomes smaller from the N pole to the S pole, then gradually becomes larger from zero, and the magnetic field direction is the S pole direction; (2) the magnetic field intensity gradually becomes smaller to zero from the S pole to the N pole, and then gradually becomes larger from zero, and the magnetic field direction is the N pole direction; (3) the magnetic field intensity gradually becomes smaller from the N pole to the S pole, then gradually becomes larger from zero, and the magnetic field direction is the S pole direction. It can be seen that in these three alternating magnetic field regions, the polarity (direction of magnetic lines) of the magnetic field changes suddenly along the arrangement direction of the magnetic steels, and the magnetic field density also changes. The flux density distribution given here ignores the effect of the conductor on the magnetic field.
With respect to the energy harvesting unit 2,
the energy collecting unit 2 is arranged below the magnetic field source generating device 1, and the motion level of the relative motion of the energy collecting unit 2 and the magnetic field, which cuts magnetic force lines, is perpendicular to the magnetic force lines, and the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 4. In fig. 4, a' represents a movement level of the energy collection unit 2 relative to the magnetic field that cuts the magnetic lines of force. The projection width of the energy collection unit 2 on the vertical plane of the magnetic field is smaller than the width of the alternating magnetic field region and larger than 1/3 of the width of the alternating magnetic field region. In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the width of the alternating magnetic field region to the projected width of the energy harvesting unit 2 at the field normal plane is 1.1-1.6.
The energy harvesting unit 2 is typically a conductor or coil.
The energy harvesting unit 2 may be at least one conductor, at least one set of conductors or at least one set of coils.
The following will describe, taking the energy collecting unit 2 of several embodiments as an example, the generation of alternating electric potentials in the north-south polarity alternating region of the magnetic field generated by the alternating magnetic field source generating device 1 when the relative motion of the magnetic field with the magnetic field is generated to cut magnetic lines of force:
in a specific embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 5, the energy harvesting unit 2 is formed by connecting a plurality of conductors in series, each conductor having a uniform direction of potential generated in the magnetic field. The diameter of the conductor is smaller than the gap between two adjacent magnetic poles (corresponding to the width of the alternating magnetic field area) and larger than 1/3 of the gap between two adjacent magnetic poles. In a typical embodiment, the ratio of the gap between two adjacent poles to the diameter of the circular conductor (or wire) is 1.1-1.6.
The plurality of parallel conductors or wires in the same slot can be regarded as one conductor, namely, each conductor can be replaced by a plurality of parallel conductors in one slot, the sum of diameters of the conductors in the same slot is close to the width of a notch, and the width of the notch is smaller than the gap between adjacent N-S poles and larger than 1/3 of the gap between two adjacent magnetic poles. In a typical embodiment, the ratio of gap to slot width of adjacent two poles is 1.1-1.6.
The electric potential generated when the energy collecting unit 2 (a plurality of parallel conductors in the same tank are regarded as one conductor) and the magnetic field generated by the alternating magnetic field source generating device 1 generate relative motion of cutting magnetic lines of force as shown in fig. 5 is shown in fig. 6. In fig. 6, a schematic diagram of the distribution of the magnetic field (B) and a waveform of the electric potential (e) are shown in comparison. As can be seen from fig. 6, the relative movement of the energy collecting unit 2 and the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field source generating device 1 cuts the magnetic lines of force from one magnetic pole into the other magnetic pole, and when the movement speeds of the conductors are the same, the energy collecting unit 2 generates alternating electric potential and current in the alternating magnetic field region. The potential waveform diagram of fig. 6 ignores the effect of conductors and currents on the magnetic field.
The plurality of conductors are reasonably arranged and connected in space, so that continuous collection of energy can be further realized. Such as the conductors corresponding to the series windings are arranged at a fixed angle (distance) from each other.
As shown in fig. 7a, in another embodiment of the present invention, the energy collecting unit 2 is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of conductors in series, each group of conductors is respectively disposed in each open chute below the magnetic field source generating device 1, each conductor disposed in the same chute is connected in parallel and sequentially differs by a fixed angle in the circumferential direction, and the positions of the conductors connected in series disposed in different tanks in the respective circumferential directions are the same;
in another embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 7b, the energy collecting unit 2 is formed by connecting groups of conductors in series, each group of conductors being arranged below the magnetic field source generating device 1, each group of conductors being separated by a fixed distance in the direction of relative movement, each group of conductors being separated by a fixed distance in the direction of movement, the positions of the series-connected conductors arranged in different groups being identical in each group;
in fig. 7a and 7b, each series conductor passes through the field alternating region, producing a phase difference in the potential phase sequence, and a pulse sequence across the windings.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the same technical effect can be achieved by replacing the conductors with coils in the embodiments shown in figures 5, 7a and 7b described above.
With respect to the energy conversion unit 3,
one end of the energy conversion unit 3 is connected to the energy collection unit 2, and the other end is connected to the energy storage unit and/or the load 4. The energy conversion unit 3 includes a diode having unidirectional conductivity and a capacitor connected in series with the diode.
The following will describe the process of energy conversion by taking a specific embodiment of the energy conversion unit 3 of one basic structure as an example:
in an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 8, the energy conversion unit 3 is constituted by a diode and a high-frequency capacitor connected in series with the diode. The energy collecting unit 2, for example a conductor (induced potential and leakage inductance L generated) is connected to the energy conversion unit 3.
From the aforementioned potential waveforms of the conductors shown in fig. 6, it can be seen that the potential generated by the conductors changes from one direction to the other as they move into the alternating magnetic field region. Since the diode has unidirectional conductivity, the diode is turned on in the opposite direction to the turned off direction. One direction of the potential generated by the conductor coincides with the diode conducting direction and the other direction coincides with the diode cutting direction.
The working principle of the energy conversion unit 3 for energy conversion is shown in fig. 9. FIG. 9 shows, in contrast, the waveform of the potential (e) of the conductor shown in FIG. 6 and the output voltage (u) of the energy conversion unit 3 c ) Is a waveform diagram of (a). As can be seen from fig. 9:
when the relative motion of the conductor and the magnetic field to cut magnetic force lines and the direction of the electric potential generated by entering a magnetic pole is consistent with the conduction direction of a diode in the energy conversion unit 3, the energy generated by the conductor charges a capacitor through the diode, the magnetic field energy corresponding to the induced potential energy and leakage reactance generated by the motion in the magnetic field is stored in the capacitor, the voltage direction on the capacitor is opposite to the electric potential direction, and the current on the capacitor continuously changes due to the existence of inductive reactance on the conductor;
when the conductor and the magnetic field continue to generate relative motion of cutting magnetic force lines and enter another magnetic field polarity (another adjacent permanent magnetic steel), the direction of the generated potential of the conductor changes, the direction of the generated potential is consistent with the cut-off direction of the diode, the voltage on the diode (the polarity is opposite to the conduction direction of the diode) is the capacitance voltage, the induced potential of the main magnetic field in the conductor and the stray potential corresponding to the leakage reactance of the conductor are overlapped, and the waveform is a pulse voltage which is greatly higher than the conductor potential, and at the moment, the three energies of capacitance energy, potential energy generated by motion in the magnetic field part and magnetic field energy corresponding to the conductor are output through the capacitance.
Because the magnetic field density of the conductor in the moving direction changes in the alternating magnetic field area, the density of the conductor is greatly increased when the conductor enters the next magnetic pole, and the potential induced by the conductor is greatly higher than the potential corresponding to the magnetic density when the conductor is not arranged. Under the condition that the conductor currents are the same, the generated electric quantity is greatly improved due to the voltage improvement.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that after the energy collection unit 2 as shown in fig. 5 is connected to the energy conversion unit 3, continuous collection of energy can be achieved.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that a continuous pulsed electrical energy may be obtained after switching in the energy harvesting unit 2 as shown in fig. 7a and 7b to the energy conversion unit 3.
With respect to the energy storage unit and/or the load 4,
the energy storage unit and/or the load 4 is connected to the energy conversion unit 3, in particular in parallel with a capacitance in the energy conversion unit 3.
The energy storage unit can be a rectifying circuit and a capacitor, or the rectifying circuit and a battery pack, namely, the energy conversion unit outputs energy which is connected with the capacitor or the battery pack after rectification.
According to the output voltage (u) shown in FIG. 9 c ) As can be seen from the waveform of (a), when one energy collecting unit 2 is connected to the energy converting unit 3 shown in fig. 8, one half-wave of the output voltage is a pulse wave, and the other half-wave is clamped at the forward conduction voltage drop of the diode, and is close to zero. In order to obtain another half wave, the same energy harvesting unit 2 can be added in a dual connection to fig. 8.
The skilled person will appreciate that in practical industrial application the most common form of the combination of the alternating magnetic field source generating device 1 and the energy harvesting unit 2 of the invention is a generator or a motor. Thus, to facilitate a more thorough and intuitive understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the generator of several embodiments is described herein as follows:
for example, in order to increase the alternating frequency of the alternating magnetic field region, a multipolar multi-slot generator is designed, the stator is provided with conductors and windings (as the energy harvesting unit 2), and the rotor is provided with magnetic poles (as the magnetic field source generating device 1).
The arrangement of conductors or coils in stator slots may be referred to as the aforementioned energy harvesting unit 2, e.g. like that shown in fig. 6 or 7a, a set of parallel conductors will be arranged in each slot, each of which may be arranged in sequence (as in fig. 6) or may be arranged at a fixed angle in the circumferential direction. Wherein the width of the notch (the width of the conductor is close to the notch) is smaller than the gap (the area of alternating magnetic field) between the adjacent N-S poles and is larger than 1/3 of the gap between the adjacent N-S poles; preferably, the ratio of the gap between two adjacent poles (i.e., the field alternating window) to the stator slot width is 1.1-1.6. Fig. 10a shows a schematic diagram of a stator structure, fig. 10a shows a section of a punching sheet and a winding conductor, the stator core punching sheet is an open slot 211, 212 is a winding conductor, 213 is a punching sheet tooth, 214 is a punching sheet yoke, and the armature winding adopts a wave winding type.
The arrangement of the magnetic poles in the rotor may be referred to the magnetic field source generating device 1 described above, for example, a plurality of pairs of magnetic poles alternately arranged in N-S, similar to that shown in fig. 2. Fig. 10b shows a schematic view of a rotor structure, in fig. 10b, 221 is a tile-shaped magnet, 222 represents a rotor core, and the rotor is composed of magnetic steel and silicon steel sheets. The rotor using radially magnetized permanent magnets here uses a permanent magnet material as the rotor magnet, which material may be hard or soft magnetic. The permanent magnet steel of the rotor in fig. 10b can also be replaced by an energized coil.
Of course, the generator can also be designed as a multipole slotless generator, with the stator being arranged as conductor and winding of the energy harvesting unit 2 and the rotor being arranged as pole of the magnetic field source generating device 1. Fig. 10c is a cross-section of a stator winding conductor and core laminations without slots. Wherein the rotor is arranged in the same way as the multipolar multi-slot generator. The arrangement of the conductors of the slotless stator winding can be referred to as the aforementioned energy harvesting unit, for example, like that shown in fig. 7b, the series conductors of the slotless stator winding are separated by a fixed distance in the relative movement direction, the series conductors of the winding pass through the magnetic field alternating region, the potential phases are separated in sequence, a pulse train is generated over the whole winding, and continuous pulsed electrical energy is obtained by the energy conversion unit 3.
In order to increase the potential operating frequency in the conductors and coils, the magnetic field source generating device 1 is arranged in a large number in space, forming a plurality of alternating magnetic field regions. In the generator, the number of the rotor may be 18 or more pairs of magnetic poles, and the number of the stator slots may be 36 or more.
The generator is connected with the energy conversion unit 3 and the energy storage unit 4 of the invention, and the technical effects of the invention can be realized.
In summary, the present invention provides a method for magnetic field energy harvesting and conversion, comprising: generating a magnetic field having a north-south polarity alternating region; generating an alternating potential in alternating north and south polarity regions of the magnetic field; entering a north-south polarity alternating region of the magnetic field, collecting currently generated potential energy and magnetic field energy under one magnetic field polarity, and outputting the currently generated potential energy and magnetic field energy and the energy collected under the last magnetic field polarity under the next opposite magnetic field polarity; store or use the output energy.
The invention utilizes the relative motion of the alternating magnetic field and the energy collecting unit to generate alternating potential and current with opposite polarities, realizes the charge of the capacitor of the energy converting unit under one magnetic field polarity, and charges the energy storing unit under the next opposite magnetic field polarity by the capacitor and the energy collecting unit potential together, thereby completing the collection and conversion of the energy in the region where the magnetic field polarity changes (the magnetic field alternating mutation region). Compared with a conventional generator taking a magnetic field in a non-alternating area as a medium for converting electromechanical energy, the invention utilizes the alternating energy of the magnetic field to generate electricity, and provides a brand-new energy conversion method and device for the generator (motor), and potential energy of the magnetic field and mechanical energy are converted into electric energy through an energy collecting unit and a specific energy conversion unit which move relative to the magnetic field. The method and apparatus are also suitable for absorption of electromagnetic wave energy. The invention can greatly improve the utilization rate of the magnetic field, and the power generation efficiency and the miniaturization of the device are obviously superior to those of the common generator. The device of the invention can be used as a motor alone or as an energy collection system of a common generator.
It will thus be seen that the objects of the present invention have been fully and effectively attained. The method and principles of the present invention have been shown and described in the examples and embodiments may be modified at will without departing from such principles. The invention includes all modifications of the embodiments based on the spirit of the claims and the scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. An apparatus for achieving magnetic field energy harvesting and conversion, comprising:
a magnetic field source generating device for generating a magnetic field having a north-south polarity alternating region; the magnetic field source generating device consists of a plurality of pairs of permanent magnet steel or a plurality of groups of energized coils, and the permanent magnet steel or the groups of energized coils are arranged in a space direction in a sequence of alternating north and south poles, and a plurality of alternating magnetic field areas are formed in the generated magnetic field;
an energy collection unit for generating relative motion with the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field source generating device and generating alternating potential in the north-south polarity alternating region of the magnetic field; the energy collection unit is arranged below the magnetic field source generation device, and the projection width of the energy collection unit on the vertical plane of the magnetic field is smaller than the width of the alternating magnetic field area and larger than 1/3 of the width of the alternating magnetic field area;
the energy conversion unit is used for collecting the magnetic field energy corresponding to the induction potential energy and the leakage reactance generated by the energy collection unit currently under one magnetic field polarity, and outputting the magnetic field energy corresponding to the induction potential energy and the leakage reactance generated by the energy collection unit currently under the next opposite magnetic field polarity and the energy collected under the last magnetic field polarity;
and the energy storage unit and/or the load are used for receiving the energy output by the energy conversion unit.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a ratio of a width of the alternating magnetic field region to a projected width of the energy harvesting unit at a vertical plane of the magnetic field is 1.1 to 1.6.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the energy conversion unit is coupled to the energy collection unit, the energy conversion unit comprising: a diode and a capacitor in series with the diode; wherein the diode turn-on direction is consistent with one direction of the alternating potential generated by the energy collecting unit, and the diode turn-off direction is consistent with the other direction of the alternating potential generated by the energy collecting unit.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein,
(a) The energy collecting unit is formed by connecting a plurality of conductors in series, and when the conductors and the magnetic field perform relative motion of cutting magnetic force lines, the directions of electric potentials generated by the conductors in the magnetic field are consistent; or,
(b) The energy collecting unit is formed by connecting a plurality of coils in series, and each coil is formed by two conductors, and when the relative motion of cutting magnetic force lines occurs with the magnetic field, the two conductors in each coil are consistent in the direction of electric potential generated in the magnetic field.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein in (a), each conductor is replaced by a plurality of parallel conductors in the same slot.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein,
(a) The energy collecting unit is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of conductors in series, each group of conductors are respectively arranged in each open slot below the magnetic field source generating device, each conductor arranged in the same slot is connected in parallel and sequentially differs by a fixed angle in the circumferential direction, and the positions of the conductors connected in series in different slots in the circumferential direction are the same; or,
(b) The energy collecting unit is formed by connecting multiple groups of conductors in series, each group of conductors is arranged below the magnetic field source generating device, the conductors in each group are different by a fixed distance in the moving direction, and the positions of the conductors in the series connection arranged in different groups are the same in each group.
7. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein after the energy harvesting unit is connected to the energy conversion unit and to the energy storage unit, a set of identical energy harvesting units and energy conversion units are coupled.
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