CN107445961B - 一种合成右旋佐匹克隆的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种合成右旋佐匹克隆的方法。该方法以手性咪唑并噻唑为催化剂,催化外消旋的半缩醛中间体与氯甲酸酯发生动力学拆分反应,以良好的产率和对映选择性得到(S)‑半缩醛碳酸酯。该(S)‑半缩醛碳酸酯与N‑甲基哌嗪反应,即可制备得到右旋佐匹克隆。该方法使用廉价易得的手性咪唑并噻唑为催化剂,操作程序简单,生产成本低,对于右旋佐匹克隆的工业制备具有很高的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种合成抗失眠药物右旋佐匹克隆的新方法,属药物合成领域。
背景技术
佐匹克隆是一种抗失眠药物,通过选择性作用于GABA受体而产生中枢抑制活性,起效迅速,副作用小,在临床上应用广泛。右旋佐匹克隆为佐匹克隆的右旋体,由美国Sepracor制药公司开发,于2005年在美国首次上市。右旋佐匹克隆的催眠活性大约是佐匹克隆的两倍,副作用更小,在临床应用上具有显著的优势。
右旋佐匹克隆的工业制备目前均通过对外消旋佐匹克隆的手性拆分。在专利WO2008126105A2、CN 103193779、US 20050043311、US 20070054914中报道采用D-二苯甲酰基酒石酸或者D-二对甲基苯甲酰基酒石酸作为拆分剂,对外消旋佐匹克隆进行手性拆分,制备得到右旋佐匹克隆。在专利WO 2010052475中采用L-二对甲氧基苯甲酰基酒石酸和L-二乙酰基酒石酸作为拆分剂。在专利CN 1854137中报道用D-苹果酸进行拆分。这些拆分方法虽然操作简便,但有一半的左旋异构体被废弃,在生产成本和环保方面都存在缺陷。在一些文献中也报道采用酯酶催化外消旋的半缩醛碳酸酯进行水解动力学拆分,制备得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸酯,再与N-甲基哌嗪反应得到右旋佐匹克隆(Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 1997,8,995-997;Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 2002,13,2577-2582)。这一方法中采用的酯酶较为昂贵,此外反应时间很长,目前还不具备工业应用价值。
本发明提供一种合成右旋佐匹克隆的新方法。该方法以手性咪唑并噻唑为催化剂,催化外消旋的半缩醛中间体与氯甲酸酯发生动力学拆分反应,以良好的产率和对映选择性得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸酯。该(S)-半缩醛碳酸酯与N-甲基哌嗪反应,即可制备得到右旋佐匹克隆。该方法使用廉价易得的手性咪唑并噻唑为催化剂,操作程序简单,生产成本低,对于右旋佐匹克隆的工业制备具有很高的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种合成右旋佐匹克隆的新方法。
具体的技术方案如下:
一种合成式(I)所示的(S)-半缩醛碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于采用式(II)所示的外消旋半缩醛
为原料,以式(III)所示的(R)-咪唑并噻唑为催化剂,加入一种碱,与氯甲酸酯在溶剂中反应,得到式(I)所示的(S)-半缩醛碳酸酯;所述的碱为三乙胺、吡啶、N,N-二异丙基乙胺;所述的氯甲酸酯为氯甲酸苯酯、氯甲酸氯甲酯、氯甲酸乙烯酯;所述的溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、四氢呋喃、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙睛;所述的式(I)、式(II)、式(III)化合物的结构如下:
其中R1为苯基、氯甲基、乙烯基;R2为异丙基、叔丁基、苄基、苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基。
优选地,所述的碱为三乙胺。
优选地,所述的氯甲酸酯为氯甲酸苯酯。
优选地,所述的溶剂为二氯甲烷。
优选地,所述方法采用的反应温度为0~80℃。
优选地,所述的式(II)所示的半缩醛与式(III)所示的(R)-咪唑并噻唑之间的摩尔比为1000~1。
优选地,所述的式(II)所示的半缩醛与氯甲酸酯之间的摩尔比为3.0~0.3。
优选地,所述的碱与氯甲酸酯之间的摩尔比为3~1。
本发明所述的合成右旋佐匹克隆的新方法,具有催化剂廉价易得,操作简便,生产成本低的优点,对于右旋佐匹克隆的工业制备具有很高的应用价值。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述,但这些实施例不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
向反应瓶中加入外消旋的半缩醛5.24g(20mmol),(R)-6-叔丁基-2,3,5,6-四氢咪唑[2,1-并]噻唑0.37g(2mmol),Et3N 2.7mL和100mL干燥的CH2Cl2。在室温下缓慢滴加氯甲酸苯酯2.5mL溶于100mL二氯甲烷的溶液。约1小时滴加完毕后,反应液在室温下搅拌过夜。加入10%Na2CO3溶液调节pH=8~9,分离有机层,水层用二氯甲烷萃取(100mL×2)。合并的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂,残余物用硅胶柱层析纯化[V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(石油醚)=2∶3],得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸苯酯3.2g,产率41.8%,用Daicel Chiralcel AS-H手性色谱柱测定ee值为85%。
实施例2
采用与实施例1相同的程序,用(R)-6-苯基-2,3,5,6-四氢咪唑[2,1-并]噻唑0.40g(2mmol)代替(R)-6-叔丁基-2,3,5,6-四氢咪唑[2,1-并]噻唑为催化剂,得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸苯酯3.1g,收率40.0%,ee值为82%。
实施例3
采用与实施例1相同的程序,用(R)-6-苄基-2,3,5,6-四氢咪唑[2,1-并]噻唑0.44g(2mmol)代替(R)-6-叔丁基-2,3,5,6-四氢咪唑[2,1-并]噻唑为催化剂,得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸苯酯2.7g,收率35.0%,ee值为90%。
实施例4
采用与实施例1相同的程序,用氯甲酸氯甲酯1.8mL代替氯甲酸苯酯,得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸氯甲酯3.0g,收率43.0%,ee值为76%。
实施例5
采用与实施例1相同的程序,用氯甲酸乙烯酯1.8mL代替氯甲酸苯酯,得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸乙烯酯2.5g,收率38.0%,ee值为79%。
实施例6
采用与实施例1相同的程序,用N,N-二异丙基乙胺3.3mL代替三乙胺,得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸苯酯2.8g,收率36.5%,ee值为72%。
实施例7
采用与实施例1相同的程序,用三氯甲烷代替二氯甲烷为溶剂,得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸苯酯3.0g,收率39.3%,ee值为84%。
实施例8
采用与实施例1相同的程序,用甲苯代替二氯甲烷为溶剂,得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸苯酯2.6g,收率34.0%,ee值为65%。
实施例9
采用与实施例1相同的程序,用乙腈代替二氯甲烷为溶剂,得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸苯酯2.4g,收率31.4%,ee值为63%。
实施例10
采用与实施例1相同的程序,在摄氏零度下进行反应,得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸苯酯2.1g,收率27.5%,ee值为89%。
实施例11
采用与实施例1相同的程序,在摄氏四十度下进行反应,得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸苯酯3.6g,收率47.1%,ee值为69%。
实施例12
采用与实施例1相同的程序,增加催化剂(R)-6-叔丁基-2,3,5,6-四氢咪唑[2,1-并]噻唑的用量为0.74g(4mmol),得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸苯酯3.3g,收率43.2%,ee值为86%。
实施例13
采用与实施例1相同的程序,增加氯甲酸苯酯的用量为3.8mL,得到(S)-半缩醛碳酸苯酯3.9g,收率51.0%,ee值为77%。
实施例14
向反应瓶中加入(S)-半缩醛碳酸苯酯(7.6g,20mmol,90%ee)和乙腈50mL,在室温下搅拌溶解。缓慢加入N-甲基哌嗪4.4mL,在室温下反应2小时。减压除去溶剂,残余物用硅胶柱层析纯化[V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(甲醇)=20∶1],得到右旋佐匹克隆6.6g,产率85.0%,用Daicel Chiralcel AS-H手性色谱柱测定ee值为90%。
Claims (8)
1.一种合成式(I)所示的(S)-半缩醛碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于采用式(II)所示的外消旋半缩醛为原料,以式(III)所示的(R)-咪唑并噻唑为催化剂,加入一种碱,与氯甲酸酯在溶剂中反应,得到式(I)所示的(S)-半缩醛碳酸酯;所述的碱为三乙胺、吡啶、N,N-二异丙基乙胺;所述的氯甲酸酯为氯甲酸苯酯、氯甲酸氯甲酯、氯甲酸乙烯酯;所述的溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、四氢呋喃、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙腈 ;所述的式(I)、式(II)、式(III)化合物的结构如下:
其中R1为苯基、氯甲基、乙烯基;R2为异丙基、叔丁基、苄基、苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于所述的碱为三乙胺。
3.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于所述的氯甲酸酯为氯甲酸苯酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于所述的溶剂为二氯甲烷。
5.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于反应温度为0~80℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于式(II)所示的半缩醛与式(III)所示的(R)-咪唑并噻唑之间的摩尔比为1000~1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于式(II)所示的半缩醛与氯甲酸酯之间的摩尔比为3.0~0.3。
8.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于所述的碱与氯甲酸酯之间的摩尔比为3~1。
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CN103664953A (zh) * | 2012-09-12 | 2014-03-26 | 天士力控股集团有限公司 | 一种右旋佐匹克隆的制备方法 |
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"Enzymatic resolution of new carbonate intermediates for the synthesis of (S)-(+)-zopiclone";Laura F. Solares et al.;《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》;20021231;第13卷;第2577-2582页 * |
"Enzymic resolution of (±)-6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-vinyloxycarbonyloxy-6,7-dihydro[5H]pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-one. Synthesis of (+)-zopiclone";Vicente Gotor et al.;《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》;19971231;第8卷(第7期);第995-997页 * |
"Resolution of (±)-5-substituted-6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-oxo-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[3,4b]pyrazine derivatives-precursors of (S)-(+)-zopiclone, catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica B lipase in aqueous media";Jose M. Palomo et al.;《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》;20031231;第14卷;第429-438页 * |
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