CN107442559A - A kind of Chemical Decomposition method by refuse classification - Google Patents
A kind of Chemical Decomposition method by refuse classification Download PDFInfo
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- CN107442559A CN107442559A CN201710772933.6A CN201710772933A CN107442559A CN 107442559 A CN107442559 A CN 107442559A CN 201710772933 A CN201710772933 A CN 201710772933A CN 107442559 A CN107442559 A CN 107442559A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- solid
- chemical decomposition
- refuse classification
- decomposition method
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Chemical Decomposition method by refuse classification, first combustible organic matter in rubbish is separated with incombustible inorganic matter.By rubbish solid burning electricity generation pattern, combustion gas or fuel generation mode are changed to.Solid refuse is first separated into gas and fluid organic material, and solid inorganic thing, then gas and fluid organic material desulfurization, dechlorination, removal of impurities, is re-fed into jet dynamic control or oil-fired power generating unit generates electricity.Gas organic matter can also produce clean fuel, and fluid organic material can also produce fuel oil and Organic Chemicals.Solid inorganic thing is as raw material of building materials and solid fuel.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of by rubbish point the present invention relates to the chemical separation technology field of this solid mixture of rubbish
The Chemical Decomposition method of class.
Background technology
Rubbish is the resource for having misplaced place, is unique a kind of constantly growth, never exhausted resource on the earth.The mankind are every
It all in manufacture rubbish, according to statistics, 440 kilograms of rubbish will be averagely abandoned in China for each person every day.Untill 2015, China
The only total amount of house refuse is still incremented by more than 8,600,000,000 tons with annual hundred million tons of 6-7 house refuse amoun.Consumer waste filling and embedding
For floor space close to 1,000,000 mu, all there is garbage-surrounded city phenomenon in most of city.On the one hand, due to plastics, rubber,
The sharp increase of the light specific gravities such as resin, bulky artificial organic articles, cause the immense pressure of refuse landfill off-capacity；Separately
On the one hand, China human mortality is numerous, separate waste collection is difficult to, and causes that component of refuse is complicated, intractability is big.Therefore, will
There have been incineration treatment of garbage is just into rubbish volume reduction, a kind of caving-in bash of decrement for what rubbish one had burnt method.Rubbish
Burning electricity generation project also generates the awkward Predicament of Development opposed for governmental support, the common people therefrom.
Life in China rubbish causes that MSW heating value is extremely low, and water content is very high due to no carry out sorting placement, directly
Pick and burned into incinerator, not only huge energy consumption, post processing are complicated, waste resource, but also can produce century poison-two
Evil English.Material does not go out, the result of waste incineration minimizing, and one kind that solid waste is exactly become to air pollutants is dirty
Contaminate thing transfer process.Although waste incineration power generation project has carried out pretreatment procedure to rubbish, i.e., by sorting and screening, will compare
Inorganic matter great, without calorific value separates with light specific gravity, the organic matter for having calorific value, then again burns the organic matter for having calorific value and sends out
Electricity.But the efficiency of heat engine that solids generates electricity is not high, in order to improve the efficiency of heat engine of thermal power generation, it is necessary to from cleaned coal or mark
Quasi- coal reduces the impurity content without calorific value.On the other hand fire coal is ground into coal dust, expands air and coal-fired contact area, make
Fire coal being capable of completely burned.But house refuse source is complicated, shape is changeable, it is impossible to make rubbish completely burned.Again
Person, the inorganic matter in rubbish can not burn, it is necessary to which heating of absorbing heat flogs a dead horse.3rd, contain substantial amounts of alkyl halide in rubbish
Hydrocarbon, it is fire retardant, and can reacts at high temperature, generates dioxin severe toxicity product.4th, although studies have reported that two Evil
English class severe toxicity product more than 800 DEG C at a temperature of can decompose completely, but decomposition reaction needs certain time, industrializes big rule
Mould processing is that part can not be avoided not reach 800 DEG C.Therefore, if rubbish is without efficiently separating all, inevitably presence is fired
Burn the shortcomings of incomplete, calorific value consumes big, generation bioxin hidden danger, cost of electricity-generating is high.
The content of the invention
Any rubbish is all made up of inorganic matter and the part of organic matter two, is existed for above-mentioned existing waste incineration and generating electricity
The problems such as incomplete combustion, calorific value consume big, generation bioxin hidden danger, cost of electricity-generating is high, the present invention provides one kind by rubbish point
The Chemical Decomposition method of class, the organic matter separated generate electricity again, and generated energy is big, burning produces completely, Wu bioxin, wiper ring
Protect.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of Chemical Decomposition method by refuse classification, the organic matter in rubbish and inorganic matter can be efficiently separated, while can
Organic matter is resolved into gas-liquid binary states, gaseous state is C1-C4 organic matter, and liquid is C5-C20 organic matter, and inorganic matter is with solid-state
Form specifically includes following steps from reaction furnace bottom discharge：
Step 1：The screen residue of waste come out by mechanical gravity treatment is crushed, it is anti-to be then sent into ripple cracking by forced feed storehouse
Answer reaction in furnace 30 ~ 50 minutes, cracked gas is escaped at cracking furnace upper end gas outlet；
Step 2：Cracked gas obtained by step 1 is collected into boiling point below 180 °C by air cooling and one-level cooling
Liquid and organic gas；
Step 3：By the gas obtained by step 2 after desulfurization, dechlorination, jet dynamic control generating is sent directly into.
Step 4：The filtered purification and impurity removal of liquid that the step 2 is obtained, fuel oil or Organic Chemicals are generated,
Oil-fired power generating unit generating can also be sent directly into.
Step 5：Pyrolysis product and inorganic matter after being reacted completely in ripple pyrolysis furnace are discharged from furnace bottom, obtain inoganic solids
Product.
The crushing size maximum gauge of screen residue of waste in the step 1 is no more than 100mm.
Wave source used in the step 1 medium wave cracking reaction stove is electromagnetic wave or mechanical wave.
Caused cracked gas is organic mixed vapour of the boiling point below 400 DEG C in the step 2, it is water cooled but after
A part is collected with liquid condition, and a part of gas is collected with gas holder.
It is described Step 3: the gas and liquid that step 4 is collected can be handled by chemical industry carry out purification and removing impurities matter, it is raw
Into the available natural liquid gases of industry and fuel oil, combustion gas can also be sent directly into or oil-fired power generating unit generates electricity.
Solid obtained by the step 5 carries out calorimetry, tests out its calorific value, if calorific value is higher to be used as solid fuel
Instead of fire coal, or analyze its constituent content, it is determined whether can be as cement and the aggregate of asphalt.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
Chemical Decomposition method provided by the invention by refuse classification, mechanical gravity treatment first is carried out according to the difference of proportion, by rubbish
Sort into the screen residue of waste of light specific gravity and heavy screenings；Screen residue of waste volume is big, density is small, and organic matter accounts for mainly
Part.Ripple cracking technique selectivity decomposing organic matter, is not acted to inorganic matter, organic matter can be resolved into gas and liquid
Body separates with solid inorganic thing.Because the mobility of gaseous material and liquid is significantly larger than solid matter, purification, dedusting and
Carry out the chemical treatments such as desulfurization, dechlorination, denitrogenation to be all easier, typically just compare by pillar or the absorption of tower and desorption
Easily realize recycling.Screen residue of waste inorganic solid materials after ripple cracks generally 20% or so, can be used as and build
Material feedstock and solid fuel.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that ripple cracks junked tire gaseous product analysis collection of illustrative plates；
Fig. 2 is that ripple cracks Beijing Fengtai screen residue of waste product liquid analysis collection of illustrative plates.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, while is sent out with the waste incineration of document report
The generated energy of electricity carries out science contrast.
The method of testing that the present invention uses is as follows：
1. the calorific value of liquid and solid is tested using ZDHW-A4 high-precision full-automatics calorimeter.
2. the calorific value of gas is calculated, the component and content of gas according to the constituent content of gas by its standard calorific value
Measured by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer.
3. the parametric statistics that the generated energy of gas-liquid-solid is provided by gas electricity generator, fuel electric generator and coal fired power generation machine calculates
Obtain.
Embodiment 1
Solid refuse selects junked tire, investigates gas-solid-liquid product generating contrast after direct combustion power generation and ripple cracking separation.Text
It is 8400Kcal/kg to offer the highest caloric value that the junked tire of report directly burns, and SUMITOMO CHEMICAL rubber industry company is with waste and old
Tire power generation and heat supply, the generated energy of tire combustion power generation per ton is 840 degree, while is available for 7.3 tons of steam.Junked tire splits through ripple
Solution can obtain cracking gas 22%, fuel oil 39% and solid carbon black 40%, and the total power consumption that ripple cracks one ton of junked tire is 385 degree.I.e.
385 degree of electricity ripples of consumption crack 1 ton of junked tire and can obtain 220 kilograms of combustible gases, 390 kilograms of fuel oil and 400 kilograms of thick charcoals
It is black.The analyze data and thermal value measurement data of pyrolysis product are shown in accompanying drawing 1-2.The calorific value of ripple cracked gas product is 10800
Kcal/kg, it is similar with liquefaction gas calorific value, it is higher than natural gas.1 kilogram of natural gas can generate electricity 4.54 degree, ripple cracking tire air production
Thing can be calculated by the generated energy of natural gas.The generated energy of 220 kilograms of ripple cracked gas products is 998.8 degree.Ripple cracking liquid production
Thing calorific value is 11200 kcal/kg, more lower slightly than the kcal/kg of diesel oil 12000.The generated energy of 1 kilogram of diesel oil is 4.87 degree, and ripple splits
Solution product liquid can be calculated by 4.8 degree/kg, and the generated energy of 390 kilograms of ripple cracking product liquids is 1872 degree.Ripple pyrolysis solid produces
The calorific value of thing coarse carbon black is 7080 kcal/kg, more slightly higher than the mark kcal/kg of coal calorific value 7000.The generated energy of 1 ton of mark coal is 3300
Degree, the solid product of ripple cracking tire can be calculated by 3.3 degree/kg, and the generated energy of 400 kilograms of coarse carbon blacks is 1320 degree.Will be waste and old
Tire first passes through ripple cracking Chemical Decomposition, and obtained gas-solid-liquid product generating total amount is 4190.8 degree, subtracts ripple and cracks total power consumption
385 degree of amount, actual power generation are 3805.8 degree.Its ripple cracked gas product analyze data sees attached list 1, cracks principal component analysis
2 are seen attached list, it is analyzed collection of illustrative plates and sees accompanying drawing 1.
The ripple of table 1. cracks junked tire gaseous product analyze data
The principal component analysis of table 2
Embodiment 2
Rubbish selects the screen residue of waste of Beijing Fengtai refuse landfill, and ripple, which cracks 1 ton of Fengtai screen residue of waste, can obtain cracking gas
28%th, product liquid 51% and pyrolysis solid product 19% are cracked.The analyze data and thermal value measurement data of pyrolysis product see attached list 3-
4, it is 580 degree that ripple, which cracks one ton of Fengtai screen residue of waste power consumption, can obtain 280 kilograms of combustible gas, 510 kilograms of liquid-fuel oil,
190 kilograms of solid residue.The gaseous product calorific value that ripple cracks Fengtai rubbish is 10200 kcal/kg, similar with heating value of natural gas,
It can be calculated by the 4.54 degree/kg of generated energy of natural gas.The generated energy of 280 kilograms of ripple cracked gas products is 1271.2 degree.Ripple splits
It is 10500 kcal/kg to solve Fengtai rubbish product liquid calorific value, can be calculated by 4.7 degree/kg, and 510 kilograms of ripples crack product liquid
Generated energy be 2397 degree.It is 4170 kcal/kg that ripple, which cracks residual solid calorific value, similar with biological particles calorific value, can be by 1.5
Degree/kg is calculated, and 190 kilograms of ripple pyrolysis solid generated energy are 285 degree.Beijing Fengtai rubbish obtains by ripple cracking Chemical Decomposition
Gas-solid-liquid product generating total amount be 3953.2 degree, subtract ripple cracking 580 degree of total power consumption, actual power generation be 3373.2 degree.
Its ripple cracking screen residue of waste gaseous product analyze data is shown in Table 3, and major cleavage component analysis is shown in Table 4, and ripple is cracked on rubbish sieve
Thing liquid body product analysis collection of illustrative plates is shown in Fig. 2.
The ripple of table 3. cracks Beijing Fengtai screen residue of waste gaseous product analyze data
The ripple of table 4. cracks Beijing Fengtai rubbish principal component analysis tables of data
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. Chemical Decomposition method by refuse classification, it is characterised in that：It will can carry out organic oversize of waste incineration With ripple cracking carries out Chemical Decomposition, by this solid mixture of screen residue of waste by chemical scission of link be separated into gas-liquid organic matter with Solid inorganic thing, gas-liquid organic matter can be sent directly into combustion gas or oil-fired power generating unit generate electricity, specifically bag by dechlorination and desulfurization Include following steps：Step 1：The oversize that refuse classification is gone out crushes, and is then sent into ripple cracking reaction reaction in furnace by forced feed storehouse 30 ~ 50 minutes, cracked gas is escaped at cracking furnace upper end gas outlet；Step 2：Cracked gas obtained by step 1 is cooled down by condenser, is collected into liquids and gases respectively；Step 3：By the gas obtained by step 2 through depickling and purification, combustible gas is obtained, jet dynamic control can be sent directly into Generate electricity；Step 4：By the filtered purification of the step 2 liquid, desulfurization, dechlorination generation fuel oil or Organic Chemicals, also may be used To be sent directly into oil-fired power generating unit generating；Step 5：Inorganic matter is discharged from furnace bottom after being reacted completely in ripple pyrolysis furnace, obtains the solid inorganic thing based on carbon elements.
- 2. as claimed in claim 1 by the Chemical Decomposition method of refuse classification, it is characterised in that：Rubbish in the step 1 The crushing size maximum gauge of oversize is no more than 100mm.
- 3. as claimed in claim 1 by the Chemical Decomposition method of refuse classification, it is characterised in that：The step 1 medium wave cracking Wave source used in reacting furnace is electromagnetic wave or mechanical wave.
- 4. as claimed in claim 1 by the Chemical Decomposition method of refuse classification, it is characterised in that：Caused by the step 2 Cracked gas is organic mixed vapour of the boiling point below 400 DEG C, and water cooled but rear portion is collected with liquid condition, a part Gas is collected with gas holder；Liquids and gases can be dechlorinated by way of crossing pillar, desulfurization, then be sent directly into fuel gas generation Unit or oil-fired power generating unit generate electricity.
- 5. as claimed in claim 1 by the Chemical Decomposition method of refuse classification, it is characterised in that：It is described Step 3: step 4 The gas and liquid of collection can be handled by chemical industry and carry out purification and removing impurities matter, the available natural liquid gases of generation industry and combustion Material oil, directly can also be generated electricity with generating set.
- 6. as claimed in claim 1 by the Chemical Decomposition method of refuse classification, it is characterised in that：Solid obtained by the step 5 Carry out calorimetry, test out its calorific value, if calorific value is higher coal-fired as solid fuel replacement, or analyze its constituent content, Determining whether can be as cement and the aggregate of asphalt.
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| CN201710772933.6A CN107442559A (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2017-08-31 | A kind of Chemical Decomposition method by refuse classification |
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| CN201710772933.6A CN107442559A (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2017-08-31 | A kind of Chemical Decomposition method by refuse classification |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103203211A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-07-17 | 青岛东方循环能源有限公司 | Wave splitting method for carbon-carbon single-bond organics |
| CN106475395A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-03-08 | 河南光解环保科技有限公司 | Solid waste is innoxious, recycling processing method and processing meanss |
-
2017
- 2017-08-31 CN CN201710772933.6A patent/CN107442559A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103203211A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-07-17 | 青岛东方循环能源有限公司 | Wave splitting method for carbon-carbon single-bond organics |
| CN106475395A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-03-08 | 河南光解环保科技有限公司 | Solid waste is innoxious, recycling processing method and processing meanss |
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Application publication date: 20171208 |
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