CN107441885B - Device and method for treating organic waste gas by plasma synergistic catalysis - Google Patents

Device and method for treating organic waste gas by plasma synergistic catalysis Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107441885B
CN107441885B CN201710769045.9A CN201710769045A CN107441885B CN 107441885 B CN107441885 B CN 107441885B CN 201710769045 A CN201710769045 A CN 201710769045A CN 107441885 B CN107441885 B CN 107441885B
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absorption tower
gas
plasma reactor
waste gas
bypass
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CN107441885A (en
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范维义
李启超
安忠义
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Huatian Engineering and Technology Corp MCC
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Huatian Engineering and Technology Corp MCC
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    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
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    • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
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  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for treating organic waste gas by plasma synergistic catalysis. Comprises an absorption tower, a plasma reactor and a catalytic reactor which are connected in sequence; wherein a controlled three-way valve is arranged at the gas inlet of the absorption tower; the controlled three-way valve respectively enables the waste gas inlet to be communicated with the air inlet of the absorption tower or enables the waste gas inlet to be communicated with the bypass of the absorption tower; a controlled three-way valve is arranged at the air inlet of the plasma reactor; the controlled three-way valve respectively enables the gas outlet of the absorption tower to be communicated with the gas inlet of the plasma reactor or enables the gas outlet of the absorption tower to be communicated with a bypass of the plasma reactor; the gas analysis instrument is provided with a detection point at the exhaust gas inlet, and the gas analysis instrument detects the exhaust gas in real time through the detection point and outputs control signals to each controlled three-way valve according to the detection result so as to control the switching of the controlled three-way valves. The invention automatically controls the running states of the airflow passage and each processing unit according to the waste gas component, thereby avoiding unnecessary energy waste.

Description

Device and method for treating organic waste gas by plasma synergistic catalysis
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic waste gas purification, in particular to a method and a device for treating organic waste gas by plasma synergistic catalysis.
Background
The organic waste gas is mostly from petrochemical industry, medicine industry, rubber industry, electronic industry, printing industry, spraying industry and the like, and generally has the characteristics of complex components, inflammability, explosiveness, toxicity, high treatment difficulty and the like. The organic waste gas treatment methods include condensation method, absorption method, adsorption method, thermal incineration method, catalytic oxidation method, plasma method, biological method, etc., and the methods have respective concentration application ranges. Due to the complexity of the composition, the organic waste gas is generally treated by combining the above methods.
The plasma method has the advantages of high removal efficiency, convenient operation and the like, but when partial pollutants are treated, organic byproducts are generated due to incomplete oxidation, so that the plasma method is often combined with the catalytic oxidation method to completely oxidize the organic matters into carbon dioxide and water. The plasma method and the combined method of plasma-catalytic oxidation are suitable for treating low-concentration organic waste gas, and when treating high-concentration organic waste gas, organic byproducts are easy to deposit on the electrode surface of a plasma reactor and influence discharge performance, so that the treatment efficiency is greatly reduced. Frequent cleaning and replacement of the electrodes results in increased operating costs for the plasma and its associated methods.
In addition, enterprises which partially discharge organic waste gas are only provided with one waste gas treatment device, and waste gas of all emission sources in the factory is collected into the waste gas treatment device. However, the operating times of all emission sources are not exactly the same, which results in the composition of the exhaust gas entering the treatment device changing over time. The operation parameters of the existing most plasma organic waste gas treatment devices cannot be automatically changed along with the change of the waste gas components, so that the waste of energy sources in the waste gas treatment process is caused, and the operation cost is further increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects, the invention provides a device and a method for treating organic waste gas by plasma synergistic catalysis, which can automatically adjust operation parameters according to waste gas components, shorten the contact time of a plasma electrode and waste gas as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the treatment effect and the emission reaching standards, reduce the maintenance frequency of a plasma reactor and reduce the operation cost.
In order to achieve the aim, the device for treating the organic waste gas by the plasma synergistic catalysis comprises an absorption tower, a plasma reactor and a catalytic reactor which are sequentially connected through pipelines; wherein, the air inlet of the absorption tower is connected with the waste gas inlet through a pipeline;
an air bypass is arranged at the front end of the plasma reactor, and the air bypass introduces external air into the plasma reactor through an induced draft fan;
the absorption tower and the plasma reactor unit are respectively provided with a bypass connected with the absorption tower and the plasma reactor unit in parallel;
wherein a controlled three-way valve is arranged at the gas inlet of the absorption tower; the controlled three-way valve respectively enables the waste gas inlet to be communicated with the air inlet of the absorption tower or enables the waste gas inlet to be communicated with the bypass of the absorption tower;
a controlled three-way valve is arranged at the air inlet of the plasma reactor; the controlled three-way valve respectively enables the gas outlet of the absorption tower to be communicated with the gas inlet of the plasma reactor or enables the gas outlet of the absorption tower to be communicated with a bypass of the plasma reactor;
the gas analysis instrument is provided with a detection point at the exhaust gas inlet, and the gas analysis instrument detects the exhaust gas in real time through the detection point and outputs control signals to each controlled three-way valve according to the detection result so as to control the switching of the controlled three-way valves.
Preferably, a filtering device is arranged between the absorption tower unit and the plasma reactor unit and/or a filtering device is arranged at the front end of the air inlet of the induced draft fan.
Preferably, the air bypass is controlled to be opened or closed by the controlled electric valve, and the gas analysis instrument outputs a control signal to the controlled electric valve according to the detection result so as to control the opening or closing of the controlled electric valve.
Preferably, the absorption tower is a bubbling absorption tower or a spraying absorption tower, and the circulating absorption liquid used by the absorption tower is water, acid solution or alkaline solution.
Preferably, the plasma reactor is a corona discharge or dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor.
Preferably, the catalytic reactor is a fixed bed reactor filled with a catalyst, and the catalyst is honeycomb or granular; the catalyst is prepared by adopting an impregnation, sol-gel or coprecipitation method, and the carrier material is Al 2 O 3 Or TiO 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Catalyst doped SiC, zrO 2 、CeO 2 、SiO 2 Or La (La) 2 O 3 As cocatalysts in an amount of 10 to 20wt.%; the active component of the catalyst is one or more of Mn oxide, cu oxide, fe oxide, co oxide and Ni oxide, and the loading amount of the active component is 2wt.% to 8wt.%.
To achieve the above object, the method for treating organic waste gas according to the present invention comprises the steps of:
judging whether the exhaust gas contains predetermined acid gas or alkaline gas:
if so, the waste gas enters an absorption tower through a three-way valve, and the acid or alkaline gas in the waste gas is absorbed and removed by utilizing the solution and then enters the next treatment unit;
if not, the waste gas enters a parallel bypass of the absorption tower through the three-way valve, and enters the next treatment unit through the bypass.
Preferably, after the exhaust gas flows out of the absorption tower unit or the parallel bypass thereof, solid particles and liquid drops in the gas are filtered or adsorbed and removed by the filtering device.
Preferably, it is determined whether the TVOC concentration in the exhaust gas is above a predetermined threshold,
above a preset threshold, the waste gas flows out of the absorption tower unit or a parallel bypass of the absorption tower unit, enters a plasma reactor for treatment and then enters a next treatment unit;
below a predetermined threshold, directing the exhaust gas to a next treatment unit through a parallel bypass of the plasma reactor; simultaneously, outside air enters a plasma reactor through an induced draft fan, and active components generated by ionization of the air under the action of a high-voltage electric field are converged with waste gas in a parallel bypass to enter a next treatment unit;
preferably, the gas processed by the plasma reactor is output to the catalytic reactor;
or the active component generated by the plasma reactor and the exhaust gas in the parallel bypass are combined and output to the catalytic reactor.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device for treating the organic waste gas by the plasma synergistic catalysis have the following beneficial effects:
(1) Detecting the waste gas component by using a gas analysis instrument, and automatically controlling the running states of the airflow passage and each processing unit according to the waste gas component, so as to avoid unnecessary energy waste;
(2) When the concentration of organic matters in the waste gas is high, the electric three-way valve switches the gas path to the plasma reactor, so that a high-voltage electric field directly acts on the organic waste gas, and the treatment efficiency of the waste gas is improved; when the concentration of organic matters in the waste gas is low, the electric three-way valve switches the gas path to the parallel bypass of the plasma reactor, so that the contact time of the waste gas and the electrode of the plasma reactor is shortened, the deposition process of organic byproducts on the surface of the electrode is slowed down, the maintenance frequency of the reactor is reduced, the operation cost is lowered, and meanwhile, the air introduced by the air bypass at the front end of the reactor provides sufficient active matters for the catalytic reaction unit at the rear end, so that the sufficient treatment efficiency is ensured;
(3) The catalytic reaction unit can further oxidize organic byproducts generated by the plasma reactor unit, and can consume ozone as an oxidant, so that secondary pollution caused by a single plasma method is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an exhaust gas inlet; 2. an electric three-way valve; 3. a gas analysis instrument; 4. an absorption tower; 5. the absorption tower is connected in parallel with a bypass; 6. a filtering device; 7. a plasma reactor; 8. the plasma reactor is connected in parallel with a bypass; 9. an electric valve; 10. an induced draft fan; 11. a catalytic reactor; 12. a gas detection point; 13. and an exhaust gas outlet.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the plasma co-catalytic organic exhaust gas treatment device of the present invention.
The device for treating the organic waste gas by the plasma synergistic catalysis comprises an absorption tower 4, a plasma reactor 7 and a catalytic reactor 11 which are sequentially connected. Wherein the absorption tower 4 and the plasma reactor 7 are provided with an absorption tower parallel bypass 5 and a plasma reactor parallel bypass 8, and each processing unit is connected with the bypass thereof through an electric three-way valve 2. The front end of the plasma reactor 7 is provided with an air bypass, and the air bypass introduces external air into the plasma reactor through a draught fan 10. The air bypass controls the opening and closing state through the electric valve 9. The front end of the induced draft fan 10 is provided with a filtering device 6 for filtering particulate matters in the air and reducing the air humidity. A filter device 6 is also arranged after the junction of the absorber 4 and the absorber bypass 5. Gas detection points 12 are respectively arranged at the exhaust gas inlet 1 and the exhaust gas outlet 13, and the two gas detection points 12 are connected with the gas analysis instrument 3. The gas analyzer 3 is connected with the electric three-way valve 2 and the electric valve 9 through signal lines, and the gas analyzer 3 controls the opening and closing states of the electric valve 9 and the opening direction of the electric three-way valve 2 according to the gas components and the concentration.
The process flow of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the specific examples:
example 1
The exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas inlet 1, and is detected by the gas analysis instrument 3, wherein the HCl concentration in the exhaust gas is 100ppm, and the TVOC concentration is 500ppm. The gas analysis instrument 3 sends a signal to control the electric valve 9 to be closed, and the electric three-way valve 3 is opened to be adjusted to a proper position.
The waste gas enters the absorption tower 4 through the first electric three-way valve 2. The absorption tower 4 is a spray absorption tower, and the absorption liquid is 2% NaHCO 3 A solution. The waste gas is purified by the absorption tower 4 and enters the filtering device 6 to remove solid particles and liquid drops, and the content of gaseous water in the waste gas is reduced. Then the waste gas enters the plasma reactor 7 through the second electric three-way valve 2, is activated and partially oxidized, enters the catalytic reactor 11, and finally is discharged out of the device through the waste gas outlet 13. The HCl concentration at the exhaust gas outlet 13 was 10ppm and the TVOC concentration was 40ppm as measured by the gas analyzer 3.
Example 2
The exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas inlet 2 throughThe gas analysis instrument 3 detects that the waste gas does not contain acid waste gas such as HCl or NH 3 The equivalent alkaline exhaust gas had a TVOC concentration of 500ppm. The gas analysis instrument 3 sends a signal to control the electric valve 9 to be closed, and the electric three-way valve 3 is opened to be adjusted to a proper position. The waste gas enters the absorption tower parallel bypass 5 through the first electric three-way valve 2, and then enters the plasma reactor 7 through the second electric three-way valve 2 after particulate matters are removed through the filtering device 6. The exhaust gases are activated and partially oxidized and then enter the catalytic reactor 11 and finally exit the device through the exhaust gas outlet 13. The TVOC concentration at the exhaust gas outlet 13 was reduced to 45ppm as detected by the gas analysis instrument 3.
Example 3
The waste gas enters the waste gas inlet 2 and is detected by the gas analysis instrument 3, and NH in the waste gas 3 The concentration is 80ppm, the TVOC concentration is 150ppm, the gas analysis instrument 3 sends a signal to control the electric valve 9 to be opened, and the electric three-way valve 3 is opened to be adjusted to a proper position. Waste gas enters an absorption tower 4 through a first electric three-way valve 2, the absorption tower 4 is a spray absorption tower, and the used absorption liquid is H with the concentration of 1% 2 SO 4 A solution. The waste gas is purified by the absorption tower 4 and enters the filtering device 6 to remove solid particles and liquid drops, and the content of gaseous water in the waste gas is reduced. The exhaust gas then enters the parallel bypass 8 of the plasma reactor through the second electric three-way valve 2. At the same time, the external air enters the plasma reactor 7 from the air bypass through the filtering device 6 and the air inlet machine 10, after the air is excited in the plasma reactor 7 to generate active substances such as oxygen atoms, hydroxyl free radicals, ozone and the like, the active substances are merged with the waste gas in the parallel bypass 8 of the plasma reactor to enter the catalytic reactor 11, and the waste gas is further purified in the catalytic reactor 11 and then is discharged out of the device through the waste gas outlet 13. NH at the exhaust gas outlet 13, detected by the gas analysis instrument 3 3 The concentration was reduced to 5ppm and the TVOC concentration was reduced to 15ppm.
Example 4
The waste gas enters the waste gas inlet 2 and is detected by the gas analysis instrument 3, and the waste gas does not contain acid waste gas such as HCl and the like or NH 3 The alkaline waste gas with TVOC concentration of 150ppm is sent by the gas analysis instrument 3 to control the electric motorThe valve 9 is opened, and the electric three-way valve 3 is opened to be adjusted to a proper position. The waste gas enters the parallel bypass 5 of the absorption tower through the first electric three-way valve 2, and then enters the parallel bypass 8 of the plasma reactor through the second electric three-way valve 2 after particulate matters are removed through the filtering device 6. At the same time, the external air enters the plasma reactor 7 from the air bypass through the filtering device 6 and the air inlet machine 10, after the air is excited in the plasma reactor 7 to generate active substances such as oxygen atoms, hydroxyl free radicals, ozone and the like, the active substances are merged with the waste gas in the parallel bypass 8 of the plasma reactor to enter the catalytic reactor 11, and the waste gas is further purified in the catalytic reactor 11 and then is discharged out of the device through the waste gas outlet 13. The TVOC concentration at the exhaust gas outlet 13 was reduced to 16ppm as detected by the gas analysis instrument 3.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims (3)

1. The device for treating organic waste gas by plasma synergistic catalysis is characterized in that: the device comprises three processing units, namely an absorption tower, a plasma reactor and a catalytic reactor, which are sequentially connected through pipelines; wherein, the air inlet of the absorption tower is connected with the waste gas inlet through a pipeline;
an air bypass is arranged at the front end of the plasma reactor, and the air bypass introduces external air into the plasma reactor through an induced draft fan;
the absorption tower and the plasma reactor unit are respectively provided with a bypass connected with the absorption tower and the plasma reactor unit in parallel;
wherein a controlled three-way valve is arranged at the gas inlet of the absorption tower; the controlled three-way valve respectively enables the waste gas inlet to be communicated with the air inlet of the absorption tower or enables the waste gas inlet to be communicated with the bypass of the absorption tower;
a controlled three-way valve is arranged at the air inlet of the plasma reactor; the controlled three-way valve respectively enables the gas outlet of the absorption tower to be communicated with the gas inlet of the plasma reactor or enables the gas outlet of the absorption tower to be communicated with a bypass of the plasma reactor;
the system also comprises a gas analysis instrument, wherein a detection point is arranged at the exhaust gas inlet, the gas analysis instrument detects the exhaust gas in real time through the detection point and outputs a control signal to each controlled three-way valve according to the detection result so as to control the switching of the controlled three-way valves;
a filter device is arranged between the absorption tower unit and the plasma reactor unit and/or the front end of the air inlet of the induced draft fan is provided with the filter device;
the air bypass is controlled to be opened and closed by the controlled electric valve, and the gas analysis instrument outputs a control signal to the controlled electric valve according to a detection result so as to control the opening and closing of the controlled electric valve;
the catalytic reactor is a fixed bed reactor filled with a catalyst, and the catalyst is honeycomb or granular; the catalyst is prepared by adopting an impregnation, sol-gel or coprecipitation method, and the carrier material is Al 2 O 3 Or TiO 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Catalyst doped SiC, zrO 2 、CeO 2 、SiO 2 Or La (La) 2 O 3 As cocatalysts in an amount of 10 to 20wt.%; the active component of the catalyst is one or more of Mn oxide, cu oxide, fe oxide, co oxide and Ni oxide, and the loading amount of the active component is 2wt.% to 8wt.%;
the method for treating the organic waste gas by the device comprises the following steps:
judging whether the exhaust gas contains predetermined acid gas or alkaline gas:
if so, the waste gas enters an absorption tower through a three-way valve, and the acid or alkaline gas in the waste gas is absorbed and removed by utilizing the solution and then enters the next treatment unit;
if not, the waste gas enters a parallel bypass of the absorption tower through a three-way valve, and enters the next treatment unit through the bypass;
after the waste gas flows out of the absorption tower unit or the parallel bypass thereof, solid particles and liquid drops in the gas are filtered or adsorbed and removed by a filtering device;
determining whether the TVOC concentration in the exhaust gas is above a predetermined threshold,
above a preset threshold, the waste gas flows out of the absorption tower unit or a parallel bypass of the absorption tower unit, enters a plasma reactor for treatment and then enters a next treatment unit;
below a predetermined threshold, directing the exhaust gas to a next treatment unit through a parallel bypass of the plasma reactor; simultaneously, outside air enters a plasma reactor through an induced draft fan, and active components generated by ionization of the air under the action of a high-voltage electric field are converged with waste gas in a parallel bypass to enter a next treatment unit;
outputting the gas processed by the plasma reactor to a catalytic reactor;
or the active component generated by the plasma reactor and the exhaust gas in the parallel bypass are combined and output to the catalytic reactor.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the absorption tower is a bubbling absorption tower or a spraying absorption tower, and the circulating absorption liquid used by the absorption tower is water, acid solution or alkaline solution.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the plasma reactor is a corona discharge or dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor.
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