CN1074403A - 喷嘴喷出的熔融丝条的冷却和粒化方法及其装置 - Google Patents

喷嘴喷出的熔融丝条的冷却和粒化方法及其装置 Download PDF

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CN1074403A
CN1074403A CN92111556A CN92111556A CN1074403A CN 1074403 A CN1074403 A CN 1074403A CN 92111556 A CN92111556 A CN 92111556A CN 92111556 A CN92111556 A CN 92111556A CN 1074403 A CN1074403 A CN 1074403A
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cooling
molten filament
nozzle
granulation
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凯乐特·于尔根
格洛克纳·弗兰克
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RIETER AUTOMATIK APPARATE-MASCHINENBAU GmbH
Rieter Automatik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/84—Venting or degassing ; Removing liquids, e.g. by evaporating components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0022—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/345—Extrusion nozzles comprising two or more adjacently arranged ports, for simultaneously extruding multiple strands, e.g. for pelletising
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/919—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling using a bath, e.g. extruding into an open bath to coagulate or cool the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

一种由喷嘴喷出的熔融丝条的冷却与粒化方法， 该丝条在由喷嘴喷出的区域内首先进行拉伸，然后为 达到粒化而进行冷却。丝条先进入缓冷段，缓冷段由 被气体(特别是空气)喷注的流化床构成，丝条在该段 中缓慢冷却并予以拉伸和紧缩到紧密状态，随后进入 急冷段。熔融丝条在急冷段中由冷却水激冷，并在彻 底硬化状态下受拉伸而随后被粒化。

Description

本发明涉及由喷嘴喷出的熔融丝条的冷却和粒化方法。该熔融丝条在由喷嘴喷出的区域内首先作延伸，然后粒化而冷却。
已知有各种型式热塑性塑料的冷却和粒化装置。例如DE-PS2503455涉及一带有流槽的装置，冷却水流到该流槽上，由喷嘴喷出的熔融丝条也流入该流槽。DE-OS2230187还涉及一种装置，该装置令熔融丝条和冷却水一起流入两只相互邻接的循环的运送带中，借助于该运送带来导引熔融丝条。该装置依据的原理是熔融丝条经过短距离的空气间隙实际上并没有冷透，很快受到冷却水的激冷，穿过冷却水的熔融丝条被输送到粒化机的进口滚筒。这时熔融丝条到达粒化机的状态至少是表面已硬化。该装置作如此设计，即在运转时可以使熔融丝条在进入粒化机时达到彻底固化。
由DE-PS3900250可以知道，熔融丝条冷却和粒化装置分为三段：第一段和DE-PS2503455所述的装置一样具有供给冷却水的导槽;随后是脱水段，将来自导槽的水进一步排放掉;脱水段之后是干燥段，气流在该段中冲到熔融丝条上，将丝条上残存的水全部脱除。这三个区依次安排在导槽范围内，只有在第一个有冷却水的区段才起显著的冷却作用。
还由DE-AS2161067可知，由喷嘴喷出的熔融状态的塑料长条首先应被拉伸，此时为了防止丝条粘着，在紧接着喷嘴之后，即用冷却水射流加以表面冷却。此后丝条就悬空进入进口滚筒，对丝条进行拉伸。随后再对丝条进行冷却，以备粒化。用冷却水射流处理防止粘着，并随后悬空导引丝条，只是对丝条作表面冷却，使熔丝条断面硬度极为不均，这对拉伸处理是不利的。
由DE-OS3623157可知，由喷嘴喷出的熔融丝条由传送带输送未经冷却，此时熔融丝条会粘在传送带上，从而传送带会对熔丝条产生牵拉作用。
本发明涉及由喷嘴喷出的熔融丝条的冷却和粒化方法，借以对具有较高导热性的塑料（特别是纤维增强塑料）进行加工。纤维增强塑料和未增强塑料一样呈熔融状态由喷嘴喷出并随后粒化。
根据本发明可解决以下问题：熔融丝条先通过一个缓冷段，该缓冷段由供给气体（特别是空气）的流化床构成，经缓慢冷却和凝缩至密集状态;然后熔融丝条进入急冷段，由冷却水加以激冷，然后在拉伸作用下于进口处完全硬透，随后进行粒化。
本发明提出了一种根本上不同于迄今一般塑料丝冷却的另一冷却方法，即避免采用快速冷却，而首先加以缓慢冷却，使其在拉伸时受到径向合力作用，使塑料紧缩而呈这样的状态，即在随后急冷段用冷却水激冷时实际上不产生变形。在缓冷段，采用了供给气体的流化床，一方面通过其自由支承塑料丝的作用防止其产生粘着作用，另一方面又进行缓慢冷却。
急冷段的优点是利用冷却水作丝条导流，而上面提到的导槽则用两只循环的输送带进行丝条的导流。
本发明的实施例表示在图中。
图1所示为一以流化床化为缓冷段和以导槽作为急冷段的装置。
图中所示的装置设有流化床1，它由相邻布置的槽2构成，各槽分别用于导引丝条。图1中示出了其中一根丝条，并标有件号3。为清晰起见，图上略去了其它丝条。丝条3由喷嘴4喷出，喷嘴装置在喷丝头6的喷嘴板5中。喷丝头中喷嘴的安装遵循已知的形式。流化床1在槽2的范围内由筛料构成，槽2嵌在筛料中。喷嘴4和槽2的布置是由每一喷嘴4喷出的丝条3进入单一的槽2，并由此继续向前导引。槽2下设有2只引风筒7和8，由图上未示出的风机送来的气体沿着箭头指示的方向进入引风筒。由31风筒7和8导出的气体穿过槽2的筛料，顶起槽2导引的丝条，使之起流化床作用。在丝条3进入槽2范围之前，由气体喷嘴9对丝条3施加一个沿着流化床1的传送力，且每一槽2设有一只气体喷嘴。气体喷嘴9喷出的气流进入单一的槽2中，使进入槽2的丝条3不接触筛料，而沿着槽2被导引向前。
流化床1设有纵向壁，图上用壁10表示。为清晰起见，略去了相对的另一侧的壁。
该流化床1就是上面提到过的缓冷段。为了在缓冷段达到缓慢冷却的效果，由引风筒7和8及喷嘴9送出的气流以及对周围空气进行加热，例如对加工熔点为270°的玻璃纤维增强塑料PA6.6降低100°，使达到气流温度为170°。这样，在以后要描述的粒化机13的进口滚筒11和12的作用下，塑料丝3沿流化床1拉伸，并同时得到凝缩，从而在流化床1（即缓冷段）结束处使熔融丝条处于紧密状态，其时沿着缓冷段在引入流化床1的气流作用下，丝条得到缓慢冷却。
引入流化床1的气体用通常方式，以可调节的电加热器加热。
作为缓冷段的流化床1的后面连接着丝条导引槽14，该槽即作为急冷段，通过输入冷却水激冷。这里以上面在DE-PS2503455中介绍的设施作为丝条导引槽14。导行槽14在与流化床1相接处设有水箱15，冷却水按箭头方向指示沿管子16进入该水箱。冷却水由槽嘴17均匀地流到导行槽14的本体18上，并在该处构成足够高的冷却水膜，以便对丝条3实施所需的强冷。在本体18的上方设有喷嘴19，经过进口20与冷却水一起流入该喷嘴内，喷淋在沿本体18导引的丝条3上，使其得到强冷。丝条经过强冷而到达进口滚筒11和12，在该处冷却到彻底硬化而进入粒化机13待用。粒化机13中的粒化按照图上示出的普通原理借助转子21来实现。由转子21挤出的颗粒或者沿引出筒22进入一个容器，或者落到图上未示出的传送带上。

Claims (3)

1、一种由喷嘴(4)喷出的熔融丝条(3)在喷嘴后的区域内先拉伸并随后冷却及粒化的方法，其特征在于，丝条(3)先进入缓冷段，缓冷段由被气体(特别是空气)喷注的流化床(1)构成，丝条(3)在该段中缓慢冷却并予以拉伸和紧缩到紧密状态，随后进入急冷段。丝条(3)在急冷段中由冷却水激冷，并在彻底硬化状态下受拉伸而随后被粒化。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，气体温度经过调节，使之在紧缩过程中不产生空洞，特别是空腔。
3、如权利要求1和2所述的方法，其特征在于，流化床（1）长度选择成：在其终点，丝条（3）的温度在其维卡软化点范围内。
CN92111556A 1991-10-08 1992-10-07 喷嘴喷出的熔融丝条的冷却和粒化方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1031788C (zh)

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DEP4133329.2 1991-10-08
DE4133329A DE4133329C2 (de) 1991-10-08 1991-10-08 Verfahren zum Abkühlen und Granulieren von schmelzflüssig aus Düsen austretenden Strängen

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US (1) US5310515A (zh)
EP (1) EP0539744B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2579874B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR0125284B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1031788C (zh)
CA (1) CA2079070C (zh)
DE (2) DE4133329C2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2094865T3 (zh)
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CA2079070A1 (en) 1993-04-09
EP0539744B1 (de) 1996-12-04
EP0539744A1 (de) 1993-05-05
US5310515A (en) 1994-05-10
TW210972B (zh) 1993-08-11
ES2094865T3 (es) 1997-02-01
DE59207619D1 (de) 1997-01-16
CA2079070C (en) 1996-01-30
DE4133329C2 (de) 1994-09-15
JPH05212721A (ja) 1993-08-24
DE4133329A1 (de) 1993-04-15
KR930007605A (ko) 1993-05-20
JP2579874B2 (ja) 1997-02-12
KR0125284B1 (ko) 1997-12-01
CN1031788C (zh) 1996-05-15

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