CN107437639A - Lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security method and device - Google Patents
Lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security method and device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107437639A CN107437639A CN201710449918.8A CN201710449918A CN107437639A CN 107437639 A CN107437639 A CN 107437639A CN 201710449918 A CN201710449918 A CN 201710449918A CN 107437639 A CN107437639 A CN 107437639A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- thermal runaway
- security
- fire
- ion
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security method and apparatus, when there is thermal runaway phenomenon in lithium-ion-power cell, complex media to have refrigeration cooling and fire extinguishing function concurrently is entered in power battery box or battery flat as security medium with spray regime, and security medium is that the chemical substance with refrigeration and fire extinguishing function formed by tetra- kinds of elements of C, F, H, O forms.Lithium ion battery security device based on the security method includes：Housing and the prevention and control medium being arranged on housing fill mouth, pressure gauge connector, spout and safety valve pressure relief opening.The security device of the present invention effectively can prevent or reduce lithium ion battery thermal runaway risk, reduce lithium ion battery case (cabin) fire probability, control and extinguish its initial fire disaster, and with work is repeatedly started, extinguish the function of power battery box resume combustion fire.
Description
Technical field
Invention is related to a kind of security method and device, and in particular to one kind is used to preventing or reducing lithium ion battery heat
The preventing control method of risk out of control and in device.
Background technology
At present, lithium ion battery has been widely used for the dual-use occasion such as mobile phone, electric vehicle, naval vessel.Due to
Thermal runaway phenomenon usually occurs in the manufacturing defect and other inside, external cause, lithium ion battery being difficult to avoid that, causes to fire
The accidents such as burning, blast occur.Particularly it is used for vehicle, the lithium-ion-power cell on naval vessel, cell quantity is more, assembly and connection
Mode is complicated, in the power battery cabin of large-sized battery car, often much more than 5000 pieces of lithium ion battery quantity.Monomer lithium from
For the probability of sub- battery thermal runaway typically more than 5/1000000ths, being applied in combination for a large amount of lithium ion batteries causes vehicle due to electricity
Pond thermal runaway causes the risk of accident to be substantially increased.In view of lithium ion battery may also be subjected to the bad working environments such as high temperature condition,
Mechanical damage caused by traffic accident etc. influences, and thermal runaway occurs and burning, the risk of explosion accident can also be further up.Heat
Burning, explosion accident cause very big threat to public safety caused by after out of control, need strick precaution and control battery thermal runaway and combustion badly
The safe practice and security device burn, exploded.
Reduce and control both at home and abroad at present lithium ion battery thermal runaway and burning, explode mainly by improving battery plus-negative plate
With the methods of diaphragm material, electrolyte property to improve the security of battery itself.Reduce and control lithium ion battery thermal runaway
Special technology, control after lithium ion battery thermal runaway catching fire, and initial stage catch fire after quick extinguishing control accident enter one
Walking the technology deteriorated and security device turns into the focus that various countries are competitively studied.
Pertinent literature shows had the extinguishing devices such as dry powder, aerosol, inert gas being applied to electric powered motor
The report of battery case or battery flat control initial fire disaster.Dry powder extinguishing installation can cause battery case because Dust Capacity is big, during fire extinguishing
With the serious pollution of battery flat.Aerosol belongs to and mixes extinguishing chemical, has compared with severe corrosive and electric conductivity, can cause power
Battery short circuit, while the fire damage of battery case or battery flat can be aggravated as burning type fire-fighting mode.N2、CO2Needed Deng inert gas
To work at a higher pressure, extinguishing device and system belong to middle high-pressure container category, at vehicle movement and running service
Potential safety hazard during reason be present, while volume is generally large, it is necessary to take larger space, is not suitable for electric automobile use.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security method and device, Neng Goufang
Only or lithium ion battery thermal runaway risk is reduced, reduce lithium ion battery case (cabin) fire probability, control and extinguish lithium-ion electric
The security method and apparatus of pond (group) initial fire disaster.
Described lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security method is：Show when thermal runaway occurs in lithium-ion-power cell
As when, the complex media to have refrigeration cooling and fire extinguishing function concurrently enters electrokinetic cell as security medium with spray regime
In case or battery flat, the security medium by tetra- kinds of elements of C, F, H, O formed have refrigeration and fire extinguishing function chemistry
Material composition.
The security medium is：Heptafluoro-propane, HFC-236fa, pentafluoropropane, pentafluoroethane, HFC-134a, trifluoro
Methane or perfluor -2- methyl-propione or wherein any two or more mixture.
Described lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security device includes：Housing and the prevention and control being arranged on housing
Medium fills mouth, pressure gauge connector, spout and pressure relief opening and fire control device；Security medium is filled by prevention and control medium
Mouth fills enclosure interior, and the security medium is the complex media for having refrigeration cooling and fire extinguishing function concurrently；The pressure gauge
Connector is connected to measure the pressure gauge of enclosure interior pressure；The startup for controlling spout to be opened and closed is provided with the spout
Device, when thermal runaway phenomenon occurs in lithium-ion-power cell, the fire control device sends unlatching to the starter and referred to
Order, the spout are opened, and protection sky is sprayed into from spout automatically under the security medium driving of pressure internally of enclosure interior
Between.
The security medium is：Heptafluoro-propane, HFC-236fa, pentafluoropropane, pentafluoroethane, HFC-134a, trifluoro
Methane or perfluor -2- methyl-propione or wherein any two or more mixture.
The safety device internal design pressure scope:：0.02MPa≤P≤1.6MPa, preferably 0.02MPa≤P≤
0.8MPa。
The opening device is the electrically or mechanically starter being arranged on spout pipeline, preferably magnetic valve, the electricity
Magnet valve can adjust the opening time of the spout under the control of fire control device.
Beneficial effect：
(1) complex media for having refrigeration cooling and fire extinguishing function concurrently is entered into lithium ion battery case or battery with spray regime
Behind cabin, there is fast cooling, change gas component and concentration to reduce fire probability (as reduced oxygen concentration in battery case), put out electricity
The multi-efficiencies such as pond initial fire disaster.
(2) when spout is opened, sprayed automatically from spout under the driving of pressure internally of security protection medium, and need not be other
Extra driving facility and additional other strength are driven, simple and reliable.
(3) there is the characteristics of can repeatedly starting repeated work.When fire resume combustion occurs in protective zone, there is secondary open
The effect of starting building to put out resume combustion fire.
(4) the security method and device not only limits the use of the security in lithium ion battery, can be also used for other
The fast cooling of occasion initial fire disaster and fire extinguishing, and control transition of the gas fuel burning to blast.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of lithium ion battery security device.
Wherein, 1- housings, 2- prevention and control media fill mouth, 3- pressure gauge connectors, 4- spouts, 5- safety valve pressure relief openings.
Embodiment
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1：
The present embodiment provides a kind of lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security method, and lithium can be controlled using this method
Ion battery thermal runaway speed, reduce it is out of control after risk on fire, put out power battery box and battery flat initial fire disaster.
Specially：Complex media to have refrigeration cooling and fire extinguishing function concurrently is prevented as the safety of lithium ion battery thermal runaway
Medium is controlled, the security medium is filled in the lithium ion battery security device of specific structure.When temperature, condition of a fire etc.
When detection sensor detects lithium ion battery thermal runaway sign or phenomenon on fire, fire control device is opened with electrically actuated mode
The medium injection mouth of lithium ion battery security device, the security medium in prevention and control device spray into power electric automatically
Pond case or battery flat, fast cooling is carried out to overheat lithium ion battery；The security medium ejected simultaneously can also change
The component and concentration of original gas in power battery box or battery flat, make on fire to become difficult；If having there is the condition of a fire at initial stage,
Security medium has good fire extinguishing function simultaneously, can quickly put out the fire at initial stage of lithium ion battery thermal runaway initiation
Feelings, prevent burning from becoming blast and more batteries by thermal runaway.
Security medium in security device is the core of this method, and security medium is a kind of physical mixed
Thing, forming the material of the mixture includes the chemical substance with refrigeration and fire extinguishing function that tetra- kinds of elements of C, F, H, O are formed, such as
Heptafluoro-propane (CF3CFHCF3), HFC-236fa (CF3CH2CF3), pentafluoropropane (CF3CH2CHF2), pentafluoroethane (CF3CHF2)、
HFC-134a (CH2FCF2), fluoroform (CHF3), perfluor -2- methyl-propione (CF3CF2COCFCF3CF3) and they appoint
Anticipate two or more mixtures, preferably CF3CFHCF3、CF3CH2CF3With CF3CF2COCFCF3CF3Mixture.According to injection speed
Rate requires, can also include N in security medium2、CO2And their mixture is as driving gas.
Embodiment 2：
It is anti-safely that the present embodiment provides a kind of lithium ion battery that can use the security method described in embodiment 1
Device is controlled, as shown in figure 1, the security device includes：Housing 1 and the prevention and control medium being arranged on housing 1 fill mouth 2,
Pressure gauge connector 3, spout 4 and safety valve pressure relief opening 5.Fire control device is provided with housing 1 (uses in the market pin simultaneously
The conventional fire alarm control unit sold).In use, the security device is placed in power battery box or battery flat, shell
The size and shape of body 1 can be according to use occasion (such as electric automobile battery box) requirement flexible design and change.Consider
It is narrow to battery case inner space, housing 1 is designed as the flat box of rectangle；When for other protection occasions, housing 1 also may be used
It is designed to the other shapes such as cylindrical, spherical.The complex media conduct for having refrigeration cooling and fire extinguishing function concurrently is filled inside housing 1
Security medium, security medium fill mouth 2 by prevention and control medium and filled, and fill the internal pressure of back casing 1 and are no more than
1.6MPa, under normal circumstances preferably more than 0.8MPa.When spout is opened, security medium can internally pressure driving
Spray from spout down, and be driven without other extra driving facilities and additional other strength automatically.
Pressure gauge connector 3 is connected to measure the pressure gauge of the internal pressure of housing 1, and spout 4 is used to outwards spray safety
Prevention and control medium, install on safety valve pressure relief opening 5 for realizing the safety valve to the pressure release of housing 1.
The unlatching of security device spout has a variety of Starting mode, such as using magnetic valve, ball valve and other machinery and
Electrical equipment mode, preferably magnetic valve Starting mode, i.e., the magnetic valve for adjusting emitted dose is provided with spout 4.According to protection
With fire extinguishing demand, magnetic valve can 4 opening time of adjustment control spout length adjust the emitted dose of security medium.Especially
Ground, after battery fire is extinguished, magnetic valve can be according to fire control device signal-off；If there is resume combustion or other tight in battery
Anxious situation, security device can be again started up work according to the instruction that fire control device is sent, until preventing safely in housing 1
All injection finishes control medium.
Security device can inside lithium-ion power battery box, external cell used in cabin, can be used for it
It needs quick extinguishing and controls the occasion fired.
Its operation principle is：First security medium is filled in housing 1, medium steam pressure does not reach setup pressure value
When, it is filled with a certain amount of driving gas such as nitrogen (N2), the pressure in housing 1 is reached setup pressure value, (protective media is liquid
Phase or liquid gas two-phase, volatility is stronger, there is specific vapour pressure.When vapour pressure is sufficiently high, driving gas can not be re-filled with
Body).Different different, design pressure scope 0.02MPa≤P≤1.6MPa of the pressure according to use occasion inside housing 1.
When the vapour pressure of security medium can reach device required pressure, then driving gas need not be poured.Security fills
The magnetic valve for putting installation is connected with fire control device by electric wire.
The detection sensors such as temperature, the condition of a fire in protective zone monitor the state of lithium-ion-power cell in real time,
And fire control device is sent to, fire control device judges whether lithium ion battery thermal runaway sign or phenomenon on fire occurs according to this；
When fire control device judges that thermal runaway sign or phenomenon on fire occurs in lithium ion battery, enabling signal, electricity are sent to magnetic valve
Magnet valve is opened, and according to time service is preset, the security medium in housing 1 is injected into protective zone (lithium automatically
Inside ion battery case) to lithium ion battery fast cooling.If any the condition of a fire, security medium can put out battery automatically
Initial fire disaster.The opening time of magnetic valve is preset by fire control device according to experimental studies results, and setting time terminates, fire
Calamity controller controls closed electromagnetic valve, security medium not fill-before-fire.When fire control device determines another secondary dangerous situation
When, prevention and control circulation is again introduced into, until security medium uses until exhausted.When pressure is more than 1.6MPa in housing 1, peace
Safety valve at full valve pressure relief opening 5 automatically turns on pressure release, is surprisingly burst to prevent device.
The above method and the battery types of device protection include ferric phosphate lithium cell, cobalt acid lithium battery, lithium titanate battery, three
First lithium battery, but it is not limited to above-mentioned four type.Especially, there is best protection effect to ferric phosphate lithium cell.
In summary, presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is these are only, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (9)
1. lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security method, it is characterised in that when thermal runaway occurs in lithium-ion-power cell
During phenomenon, the complex media to have refrigeration cooling and fire extinguishing function concurrently enters power electric as security medium with spray regime
In pond case or battery flat, the security medium by tetra- kinds of elements of C, F, H, O formed have refrigeration and fire extinguishing function change
Learn material composition.
2. lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the safety is prevented
Controlling medium is：Heptafluoro-propane, HFC-236fa, pentafluoropropane, pentafluoroethane, HFC-134a, fluoroform or perfluor -2- methyl -
Propione or wherein any two or more mixture；It is preferred that heptafluoro-propane, HFC-236fa and perfluor -2- methyl-propione
Mixture.
3. lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security device, it is characterised in that including：Housing and it is arranged on housing
Prevention and control medium fills mouth, pressure gauge connector, spout and pressure relief opening and fire control device；Security medium passes through prevention and control medium
Fill mouth and fill enclosure interior, the security medium is the complex media for having refrigeration cooling and fire extinguishing function concurrently；The pressure
Power table connector is connected to measure the pressure gauge of enclosure interior pressure；It is provided with what is be opened and closed for controlling spout on the spout
Starter, when thermal runaway phenomenon occurs in lithium-ion-power cell, the fire control device sends to the starter and opened
Instruction is opened, the spout is opened, and is sprayed into and is prevented from spout automatically under the security medium driving of pressure internally of enclosure interior
Protect space.
4. lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the safety is prevented
Controlling medium is：Heptafluoro-propane, HFC-236fa, pentafluoropropane, pentafluoroethane, HFC-134a, fluoroform or perfluor -2- methyl -
Propione or wherein any two or more mixture；It is preferred that heptafluoro-propane, HFC-236fa and perfluor -2- methyl-propione
Mixture.
5. the lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security device as described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that described to open
Opening device is the electrically or mechanically starter being arranged on spout pipeline；It is preferred that magnetic valve, the magnetic valve can be in fire
The opening time of the spout is adjusted under the control of controller.
6. the lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security device as described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that described
Pressure relief opening is provided with housing, is provided with pressure relief opening for realizing the safety valve to housing pressure release.
7. the lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security device as described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that when described
When the vapour pressure of the security medium filled in housing does not reach setup pressure value, driving gas is filled into the housing,
The driving gas is N2Or CO2Or N2With CO2Mixed gas.
8. the lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security device as described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that completion is filled
The pressure limit in described device housing after dress is：0.02MPa≤P≤1.6MPa.
9. the lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security device as described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that be arranged on
The state of lithium-ion-power cell in the real-time monitoring protection space of temperature or condition of a fire detection sensor in protective zone, and send
To fire control device；The fire control device judges whether lithium ion battery thermal runaway sign or phenomenon on fire occurs according to this；When
When fire control device judges that thermal runaway sign or phenomenon on fire occurs in lithium ion battery, sent to the opening device and start letter
Number, the security medium in housing is injected into protective zone automatically.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710449918.8A CN107437639A (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2017-06-14 | Lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security method and device |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710449918.8A CN107437639A (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2017-06-14 | Lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security method and device |
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| CN201710449918.8A Pending CN107437639A (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2017-06-14 | Lithium-ion-power cell thermal runaway security method and device |
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| CN108063291A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-05-22 | 北京长城华冠汽车技术开发有限公司 | Power battery safety valve type selecting determination methods and judge system |
| CN109011263A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2018-12-18 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | A kind of large size stored energy power battery pile fire extinguishing system and its extinguishing method |
| CN109065984A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-12-21 | 上海纳晓能源科技有限公司 | The safety charging device of battery |
| CN109088029A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-25 | 清华大学 | The device of lithium ion battery and application lithium ion battery |
| CN109103390A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-28 | 清华大学 | Lithium-ion battery systems and energy-consuming product |
| CN109091790A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-28 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery compound fire-extinguishing agent |
| CN109675245A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-26 | 浙江华神消防科技有限公司 | Clean type extinguishing chemical and its extinguishing device |
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