CN105977521A - High-safety lithium ion battery - Google Patents

High-safety lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105977521A
CN105977521A CN201610294405.XA CN201610294405A CN105977521A CN 105977521 A CN105977521 A CN 105977521A CN 201610294405 A CN201610294405 A CN 201610294405A CN 105977521 A CN105977521 A CN 105977521A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
battery
lithium ion
ion battery
battery case
box
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201610294405.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105977521B (en
Inventor
王兆聪
李文斌
王振
周阳宁
周琰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HUBEI GREATSEA NEWPOWER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
712th Research Institute of CSIC
Original Assignee
HUBEI GREATSEA NEWPOWER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
712th Research Institute of CSIC
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Application filed by HUBEI GREATSEA NEWPOWER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd, 712th Research Institute of CSIC filed Critical HUBEI GREATSEA NEWPOWER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority to CN201610294405.XA priority Critical patent/CN105977521B/en
Publication of CN105977521A publication Critical patent/CN105977521A/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-safety lithium ion battery. The high-safety lithium ion battery comprises a sealed battery box which consists of a box body and a box cover, and multiple lithium ion battery packs arranged in the battery box, wherein the battery box is filled with a liquid-state haloalkane fire extinguishing agent; the liquid-state haloalkane fire extinguishing agent is one or mixture of Triodie, FC308, FC410, FC614, NAFS-III, PE-241,PE-25, FM-200, PE-13 or PE-36; each lithium ion battery pack comprises more than one single lithium ion battery; a filling opening is formed in the battery box; and one or more pressure release valves are arranged on the box cover. According to the high-safety lithium ion battery, when the liquid-state haloalkane fire extinguishing agent in the interior of the battery box is rapidly evaporated, the temperature of the battery packs can be lowered rapidly; a low-temperature inert air isolation band is formed inside and outside the battery box, or the fire on the exterior of the battery box is extinguished so as to prevent further uncontrollable condition of the lithium ion battery packs.

Description

A kind of high security lithium ion battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium ion battery pack system, a kind of battery pack system that ensure that lithium ion battery safety.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery owing to having that voltage is high, energy density big, have extended cycle life and the advantage such as good high and low temperature discharge performance, the most increasingly paid close attention to by each side, especially under the background that nowadays energy shortage problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, lithium ion battery for dynamical system is generally used in the fields such as automobile, aviation, boats and ships, and in this correspondence is that the step that battery uses is not caught up with in the development of security technology of Li-ion batteries piles.
And owing to using environment to become increasingly complex, the factor of its initiation lithium ion battery safety problem is the most diversified, does not only has the internal battery pack reason such as abuse, short circuit, also has the reason such as external physical impact and thermal shock.Existing Li-ion batteries piles security technology seldom has can more comprehensively tackle the various unsafe factors that battery is in use run into.
CN 200880127749 discloses a kind of chemical cell heat management system: it utilizes boiling point to be higher than room temperature (25 DEG C) and the evaporation of the non-aqueous insulation heat-transfer fluid less than 80 DEG C and condensation, takes away the heat that set of cells produces；The most this kind of heat-transfer fluid is the most nonflammable, therefore, it is possible to the suppression issuable intensity of a fire of internal battery pack to a certain extent.But set of cells is being impacted by external physical or heat when, it is possible that battery-pack exterior casing deformation fracture, heat-conducting fluid is revealed, and ultimately results in the security implementations inefficacy of set of cells.Further, heat-conducting fluid is not special extinguishing chemical, it is impossible to have good extinguishing effect.
CN 201310117800 discloses a kind of lithium-ion-power cell group installing fire-retardant Super-conductive conduit additional; in set of cells, monomer gap is equipped with the metal tube of band coolant; rupture when metal tube is by external impacts when; make coolant release fast endothermic volatilization in pipe, to reach set of cells is carried out the effect of safeguard protection.But lithium ion battery may simply be smoldered thermal runaway when, leakage and burning, it is not necessary to blast can be occurred to produce external impacts, it is thus possible to the safety protecting mechanism of Li-ion batteries piles will not be triggered.And coolant is mainly the safety being protected lithium ion battery by cooling, fire extinguishing effectiveness is unsatisfactory.
Two above patent all can not be completely secured safety.
Summary of the invention
For solving disadvantages described above; it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of rational in infrastructure, implementation is simple; in the case of battery temperature exception and outside heat, physical impact, lithium ion battery can be provided safeguard protection, and have the Li-ion batteries piles of the high security of fire extinguishing and cooling double shield concurrently.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of high security lithium ion battery, including the sealed cell case being made up of casing and case lid and the some Li-ion batteries piles being arranged in battery case, liquified Halon extinguishing chemical is filled in described battery case, described liquified Halon extinguishing chemical is Triodie, FC308, FC410, FC614, NAFS-III, PE-241, PE-25, FM-200, PE-13, the mixture of one or more in PE-36, described Li-ion batteries piles is made up of more than one lithium-ion battery monomer, it is provided with on described battery case and fills mouth, one or more relief valve it is provided with on described case lid.
Described a kind of high security lithium ion battery, is additionally provided with liquidometer outside its battery case, liquid level is battery case inner height 1/4～the 3/4 of described liquified Halon extinguishing chemical.
Described a kind of high security lithium ion battery, its battery case can bear the pressure of 1.5～3.0MP.
Described a kind of high security lithium ion battery, in the range of the cracking pressure of its relief valve is arranged on 0.7～3.0MP, in the range of valve closing pressure is arranged on 0.3～1.6MP.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the high security battery case of the present invention, cope with the various safe condition being likely to occur: either occur by abusing, short circuit, outside heat impacts the Li-ion batteries piles internal temperature abnormal conditions caused, or caused lithium ion battery or the situation of battery case breakage deformation by external physical impact, battery case interior liquid halon extinguishing agent rapid evaporation will be caused, reduce rapidly battery pack temperature, and inside and outside battery case, form low temperature inerting air insulated band or put out the outside burning things which may cause a fire disaster of battery case, thus reach to stop Li-ion batteries piles that possibility the most out of control occurs；Meanwhile, according to set of cells characteristic as above, each high security set of cells can act as small-sized fighting terminal, it is possible to dynamical system or other neighbouring equipment for Li-ion batteries piles place provide Partial security protection to a certain extent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Each reference is: 1 casing, 2 liquified Halon extinguishing chemicals, 3 Li-ion batteries piles, 11 case lids, 12 relief valves, and 13 fill mouth, 14 liquidometers, 31 lithium-ion battery monomers.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1, the invention discloses a kind of high security lithium ion battery, including some Li-ion batteries piles 3 and the sealed cell case of receiving battery, Li-ion batteries piles 3 is made up of more than one lithium-ion battery monomer 31, battery case is made up of casing 1 and case lid 11, filling insulation and liquescent halon extinguishing agent in described battery case, liquified Halon extinguishing chemical 2 is filled in the space between lithium-ion battery monomer 31.
When set of cells causes battery pack temperature exception because of the internal factors such as abuse, short circuit or outside heat impact, the steam of evaporation can be derived by relief valve 12, take away the heat that set of cells is unnecessary, and inside and outside battery case, form one layer of gas extinguishing agent isolation strip, and inerting ambient air, suppression Li-ion batteries piles 3 is the most out of control or puts out the outside burning things which may cause a fire disaster of set of cells.
If battery case is by external physical impact, cause battery case damaged, battery case air pressure inside reduces, halon extinguishing agent evaporates rapidly, reduce battery pack temperature and also form low temperature inerting air insulated band in battery case inside and around, the situation generations such as the even fire out of control that lithium ion battery blastic deformation occurs can be suppressed.
Alkyl halide in battery case is the gas extinguishing agent of liquefaction, so battery case must be hermetic, and can bear the pressure of at least 1.5～3.0MP；These several halon extinguishing agent non-corrosivenesss, therefore, the material of battery case shell does not has the restriction that corrosion resistance requires, only with the pressure requirements ensureing battery case.
Table 1:ISO14520-1 allows the clean alkyl halide gas extinguishing agent used
10 kinds of halon extinguishing agents of upper table are all gas extinguishing agents, and depressing at room temperature and standard atmosphere is gas, and boiling point is all below 0 DEG C.This type of extinguishing chemical has simultaneously: fire extinguishing effectiveness is good, noresidue after fire extinguishing, do not have obvious harmful effect and non-conductive, the plurality of advantages such as fast, environmentally friendly of volatilizing to human body and equipment.Halon extinguishing agent has higher gasification latent heat, can take away amount of heat the oxygen completely cutting off in surrounding after gasification, forms cold and oxygen deficient isolation strip at periphery.The most important thing is the chemical reaction process that halon extinguishing agent can be burnt by suppression, make flameout, there is the best fire extinguishing effectiveness.
As preferably, described battery case top need to arrange one or more relief valve 12, the cracking pressure of relief valve 12 can be arranged on (halon extinguishing agent kind difference in the range of 0.7～3.0MP, its thermodynamic properties is the most each different), the when of reaching 70 DEG C～110 DEG C of scopes with guarantee battery case internal temperature, the saturated vapor pressure of alkyl halide meets or exceeds the cracking pressure of relief valve, relief valve valve opening, battery case internal gas pressure reduces so that liquified Halon rapid evaporation and by relief valve to battery case outside discharge steam；Valve closing pressure is arranged in the range of 0.3～1.6MP, and in the case of guaranteeing relief valve valve opening, when temperature drops in the normal range of less than 50 DEG C, battery case internal gas pressure reduces, and relief valve can valve closing automatically.
As preferably, need outside described battery case to arrange a liquidometer 14, observe the liquid level of liquified Halon extinguishing chemical in battery case to facilitate.
As preferably, there is provision of one outside described battery case equally and fill mouth 13, when battery case interior liquid alkyl halide reduces, can supplement inside battery case by filling mouth, to guarantee that the internal all lithium-ion battery monomers 31 of battery case are immersed in liquified Halon.
Embodiment 1
The liquified Halon extinguishing chemical 2 that the present embodiment uses is 2-hydrogen heptafluoro-propane (FM-200), and in case, the liquid level of liquid 2-hydrogen heptafluoro-propane need to reach in the range of 1/4 to the 3/4 of battery case 1 inner height.The cracking pressure of relief valve 12 is all disposed within 1.8MP, and valve closing pressure is arranged on 1.0MP.Just can trigger security mechanism when temperature of lithium ion battery group reaches 70 DEG C, when temperature drops to 50 DEG C, just can close the relief valve having been switched on.
Embodiment 2
It is with the difference of embodiment 1:
The cracking pressure of relief valve 12 on battery case 1 is all disposed within 2.0MP by the present embodiment, and valve closing pressure is arranged on 1.6MP.Just can trigger security mechanism when temperature of lithium ion battery group reaches 80 DEG C, when temperature drops to 65 DEG C, set of cells, also in being shut off relief valve in the case of temperature anomaly, finishes security mechanism.
Embodiment 3
It is with the difference of embodiment 1:
Halon extinguishing agent is the HFC-236fa (PE-36) of liquefaction, and liquid level is higher than the upper surface of Li-ion batteries piles 3, it is ensured that each lithium-ion battery monomer 31 is immersed in liquid HFC-236fa.The cracking pressure of relief valve 12 is all disposed within 2.1MP, and valve closing pressure is arranged on 1.3MP.Just can trigger security mechanism when temperature of lithium ion battery group reaches 75 DEG C, when temperature drops to 50 DEG C, just can close the relief valve having been switched on.
Embodiment 4
Being with the difference of embodiment 3: the cracking pressure of relief valve 12 is all disposed within 1.7MP, valve closing pressure is arranged on 1.3MP.Just can trigger security mechanism when temperature of lithium ion battery group reaches 65 DEG C, when temperature drops to 50 DEG C, just can close the relief valve having been switched on.
Embodiment 5
It is with the difference of embodiment 1:
Halon extinguishing agent is the perflexane (FC614) of liquefaction, and liquid level is higher than the upper surface of Li-ion batteries piles 3, it is ensured that each lithium-ion battery monomer 31 is immersed in liquid perflexane.The cracking pressure of relief valve 12 is all disposed within 0.7MP, and valve closing pressure is arranged on 0.4MP.Temperature of lithium ion battery group reaches 55 DEG C, also just triggers security mechanism safe temperature range when, just can close the relief valve having been switched on when temperature drops to 40 DEG C.
Embodiment 6
Being with the difference of embodiment 5: the cracking pressure of relief valve 12 is all disposed within 0.8MP, valve closing pressure is arranged on 0.5MP.Just can trigger security mechanism when temperature of lithium ion battery group reaches 60 DEG C, when temperature drops to 45 DEG C, just can close the relief valve having been switched on.
The principle of above-described embodiment only illustrative present invention and effect thereof; and the embodiment that part is used, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention; can also make some deformation and improvement, these broadly fall into protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a high security lithium ion battery, it is characterized in that: include the sealed cell case being made up of casing (1) and case lid (11) and the some Li-ion batteries piles (3) being arranged in battery case, liquified Halon extinguishing chemical (2) is filled in described battery case, described liquified Halon extinguishing chemical (2) is Triodie, FC308, FC410, FC614, NAFS-III, PE-241, PE-25, FM-200, PE-13, the mixture of one or more in PE-36, described Li-ion batteries piles (3) is made up of more than one lithium-ion battery monomer (31), it is provided with on described battery case and fills mouth (13), it is provided with one or more relief valve (12) on described case lid (11).
A kind of high security lithium ion battery the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be additionally provided with liquidometer (14) outside described battery case, liquid level is battery case (1) inner height the 1/4～3/4 of described liquified Halon extinguishing chemical (2).
A kind of high security lithium ion battery the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described battery case can bear the pressure of 1.5～3.0MP.
A kind of high security lithium ion battery the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the range of the cracking pressure of described relief valve (12) is arranged on 0.7～3.0MP, in the range of valve closing pressure is arranged on 0.3～1.6MP.
CN201610294405.XA 2016-05-06 2016-05-06 A kind of high security lithium ion battery Active CN105977521B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110433419A (en) * 2019-06-28 2019-11-12 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 Lithium electric heating uncontrolled fire inhibits capsule and lithium ion battery
FR3088213A1 (en) * 2018-11-12 2020-05-15 Hutchinson FIRE EXTINGUISHING OR FIRE STARTING LIMITATION
CN111640891A (en) * 2020-06-03 2020-09-08 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 Lithium ion battery device and preparation method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2695251B2 (en) * 1989-09-28 1997-12-24 日本碍子株式会社 Fire extinguishing methods for sodium-sulfur batteries
JP2009099305A (en) * 2007-10-15 2009-05-07 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Power supply device
CN202817051U (en) * 2012-09-13 2013-03-20 微宏动力系统（湖州）有限公司 High-capacity lithium ion battery
CN103682188A (en) * 2012-08-31 2014-03-26 微宏动力系统（湖州）有限公司 Flame-retardant explosion-proof battery pack
CN103996887A (en) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-20 微宏动力系统（湖州）有限公司 Cell module with heat-radiation capability

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2695251B2 (en) * 1989-09-28 1997-12-24 日本碍子株式会社 Fire extinguishing methods for sodium-sulfur batteries
JP2009099305A (en) * 2007-10-15 2009-05-07 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Power supply device
CN103682188A (en) * 2012-08-31 2014-03-26 微宏动力系统（湖州）有限公司 Flame-retardant explosion-proof battery pack
CN202817051U (en) * 2012-09-13 2013-03-20 微宏动力系统（湖州）有限公司 High-capacity lithium ion battery
CN103996887A (en) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-20 微宏动力系统（湖州）有限公司 Cell module with heat-radiation capability

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3088213A1 (en) * 2018-11-12 2020-05-15 Hutchinson FIRE EXTINGUISHING OR FIRE STARTING LIMITATION
CN110433419A (en) * 2019-06-28 2019-11-12 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 Lithium electric heating uncontrolled fire inhibits capsule and lithium ion battery
CN111640891A (en) * 2020-06-03 2020-09-08 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 Lithium ion battery device and preparation method thereof

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