CN107436257A - A kind of method that control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size is motivated by ultrasound - Google Patents
A kind of method that control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size is motivated by ultrasound Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/02—Other methods of shaping glass by casting molten glass, e.g. injection moulding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B25/00—Annealing glass products
- C03B25/02—Annealing glass products in a discontinuous way
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/064—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron
- C03C3/068—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron containing rare earths
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method that control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size is motivated by ultrasound, the prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack inside transparent fragile material, ultrasonic exciting rifle is placed into transparent brittle material surface, supersonic generator produces ultrasonic wave, ultrasonic wave is transmitted by material surface toward material internal, and penetrate whole material bodies, ultrasonic wave is passed through during crackle because cracks and both sides have medium transition, cracks produce mechanical oscillation from around it is different, so as to produce mechanics disturbance to crackle, the mechanical oscillation of ultrasonic wave are converted into the mechanical energy of cracks, the mechanical oscillation effect of crack tip makes precrack extension cracking, until crack size cracking requires to satisfaction, stop ultrasonic wave input.The method of ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size of the present invention, method is simple, reasonable, and rapidly and efficiently, easy to operate, precise control, using economy, crack is consistent with natural fragile material crackle.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to brittle solid (such as metal, rock, concrete, ceramics) fracture mechanics research and engineering safety to predict
With evaluation areas, it is related to a kind of method that control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size is motivated by ultrasound, can specialized application
In engineering fracture mechanics field, the internal material containing crackle, Disaster Study caused by under various natural environments.Such as：It is interior
Steel low stress brittle fracture caused by portion's Crack Extension, Aero-Space, the blast of national defence highly sophisticated products caused by entering；In deep rock
Violent fracture of portion's crackle under the extruding of plate shell causes earthquake, tunnel accident；Metal, inside concrete Crack Extension cause work
The accidents such as journey is caved in, bridge collapse；Damaged caused by internal flaw and crackle very greatly, China's archaism " a thousand li dyke, is burst in ant
Cave ", " wall Beng Ruin, must be because of its gap " also include this thought.And fracture mechanics is specialized in containing crackle or defective material
The science of intensity and crack propagation law.
Background technology
The intensity of fragile material is often below its theoretical strength value, and key reason is to contain micro-crack inside it, fine fisssure
Line spreading fracture under low active force often results in the huge disaster of engineering field structure.It can be made as large-scale rock is acutely broken
Into earthquake；The extension of rock interior crackle is until destruction, can cause water conservancy, access tunnel to cave in, after slope and land slide etc. is calamitous
Fruit, steel low stress brittle fracture caused by high strength steel propagation of internal cracks, Aero-Space, national defence highly sophisticated products caused by entering
Blast, every year because breakage problem all causes the massive losses of people's property.Therefore, the fragile material extension containing crackle is broken
Bad rule is always the major issue of engineering circles concern.But the premise for carrying out such research is, it is necessary first to makes in the material
Make " three-dimensional immerged crack ", make three-dimensional immerged crack in material internal at present, realize this similar " internal medicine operation " without
To material, other positions are impacted, and this technical difficulty is high, and let alone interior three-dimensional immerged crack is carried out in size
Accurately control.
At present all there are some problems in the implementation method of fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack, and have this with this method
Matter is different：
(1) casting method：Mainly poured using the transparent fragile material such as epoxy resin and be solidified into transparent fragile material, during cast
Internally place sheet metal or mica sheet, after curing molding, sheet metal or mica sheet are considered as underbead crack.This method needs anti-
Multiple drying, cryogenic freezing.Use at present 2 patents of the method mandate for：Zhu Zhende et al. is invented for 2016, application publication number
CN104327472A：A kind of making of the transparent fragile material of simulation rock propagation of internal cracks, and Kong Yang et al. inventions, application
Publication No. CN 105890950A：One kind simulation contains random, nonrandom crack or the transparent fragile material preparation method of hole.Equally
Also the fluent material mixing such as bore using unsaturated poly-vinegar resin, potassium oxide ethyl ketone and aphthenic acids to pour, in aforesaid liquid during cast
Middle placement tin bar and tin ball, are considered internal pre-existing crack after solidification.But there is following many deficiencies in casting method：1) simulate
Process deficiency：Crack complex manufacturing process, take long, manufacturing process includes Mold Making, prefabricated crack makes, mixed liquor makes
And the step methods such as baking, freezing are repeated in solidification test specimen, cost is high, and efficiency is low；2) brittleness degree deficiency：Casting method
The transparent fragile material brittleness degree prepared also can only achieve 1/7-1/8 or so at low temperature, and if the brittleness degree of rock is 1/10
More than, sometime up to 1/20；3) experimental condition deficiency：Casting method needs low temperature environment to realize, experimental condition requires harsh；
4) crackle deficiency：Casting method, as precrack, is not that simulation quality is not really without thickness crackle using sheet metal or mica sheet
Foot；5) transparency deficiency.
(2) cut-paste method：1. by PMMA sheet materials or simple glass cutting into two, 2. in the phase of two halves above-mentioned material
With each Self cleavage one " groove " on position, 3. and then again the position in addition to " groove " is pasted with glue, contains inside into one
The entirety of trough." groove " is considered as underbead crack.The papers such as Adams M (Crack extension from flaws in a
Brittle material subjected to compression.) etc. using the method make three-dimensional internal closed crack,
But cut-method of pasting has following deficiency：1) crackle is represented with " groove ", it is big with real crack difference；2) test specimen integrality is not
Foot：Sample is bonded by glue, has not been a complete object.
(3) 3D printing technique：By printing technique, the quartz sand file printing of molten condition is fabricated to the transparent of complexity
Three-dimensional Rock model.Li Hui et al. is invented, application issue CN105904573A：A kind of transparent rock mass based on 3D printing technique
Preparation method.But realize that glass 3D printing just had substantive breakthroughs until 2017, and deliver the most top periodical in the whole world
《Nature》Upper (volume 2017,44, doi:10.1038/nature22061), for making interior three-dimensional using 3D printing technique
Crackle, it currently there are no and realize this technology.3D printing method has the following disadvantages simultaneously：1) 3D printing technique is needed quartz sand
1600-1800 DEG C of melting is warmed to, the requirement to equipment is high, technology and complex operation；2) 3D printing goes out fragile material uniformity
And transparency is not high.
Therefore, above mentioned problem is urgently to be resolved hurrily.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：In order to overcome the above insufficient, the present invention provides a kind of ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional
The method of immerged crack size.
Technical scheme：In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides one kind ultrasonic action control is crisp
The method of property material internal three-dimensional immerged crack size, comprises the following steps：Prefabricated three-dimensional is buried inside transparent fragile material
Crackle, ultrasonic exciting rifle is placed into transparent brittle material surface, supersonic generator produces ultrasonic wave, and ultrasonic wave passes through material
Expect that surface is transmitted toward material internal, and penetrate whole material bodies, ultrasonic wave passes through to be situated between during crackle because cracks and both sides are present
Matter transition, cracks produce mechanical oscillation from around it is different, so as to crackle generation mechanics disturb, the mechanical oscillation of ultrasonic wave
The mechanical energy of cracks is converted into, the mechanical oscillation effect of crack tip makes Crack Extension, until internal precrack is spread
Split and meet desired size, stop the input of ultrasonic wave.Ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional of the present invention is deep
The method for burying crack size, method is simple, reasonable, rapidly and efficiently, easy to operate, precise control, uses economy.
As a modification of the present invention, above-mentioned ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size
Method, in addition to image collection processing system, wherein IMAQ and after being transferred to processing system, place is digitized to image
Reason, after front and rear procedural image real time contrast, according to the whole expansion process of threshold determination.Ultrasonic action control can be realized
Monitoring in real time, while can ensure that whole monitoring process is more accurate, the data of acquisition are also more accurate.Wherein, it is digital
Change handles the matrix that image can be contained to each pixel RGB data, is contrasted by front and rear picture data, obtains image one
Each pixel real-time change on individual direction in time scale, single pixel point data difference threshold values in this direction is set,
And these pixels are highlighted using red.Red in image is set to count out threshold values, when red in the directive image of institute
Count out when exceeding this threshold values, it is believed that crackle starts crack initiation, and processing system carries out automatic alarm.Pass through wherein three not Tongfangs
To view data carry out the positioning of Crack Extension, carries out position checking with the image in remaining direction, so as to realize it is real-time,
Efficiently, accurately monitoring.
Further, the method for above-mentioned ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size, by super
The size of the input of acoustic wave energy formula control energy, so as to control Crack Extension size；Controlled by ultrasonic wave input direction
Direction of crack propagation.By controlling ultrasonic parameters (frequency, amplitude, power, action time), the input of controllable energy it is big
It is small, and then controllable propagation size.Direction of crack propagation is controlled by ultrasonic wave input direction, two aspects reach to three-dimensional buried
The control of crack size.When ultrasonic energy reaches to a certain degree, can make three-dimensional immerged crack extension cracking be through destruction,
Form through-wall crack.
Further, the method for above-mentioned ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size is described super
Acoustic wave energy formula is E=2 π2f2A2ρ, wherein f are that transducer sends ultrasonic frequency；A is ultrasonic amplitude；ρ is that material is close
Degree.In addition, pass through the start and stop for controlling ultrasonic wave to input, moreover it is possible to the time length for controlling ultrasonic wave to input.
Further, the method for above-mentioned ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size, the f's
Scope is 20-100kHz, and A scope is 30-200 μm.
Further, the method for above-mentioned ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size, it is described
Prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack, comprises the following steps inside bright fragile material：A complete transparent fragile material is taken, selectes precrack
Position；By lens focus laser, the energy density of the laser is entering transparent fragile material and is reaching precrack
It is less than the damage threshold of transparent fragile material before position, exceedes the destruction threshold of transparent fragile material in the position of precrack
Value；Laser pulse makes transparent fragile material be produced a breakdown point in the position overlay area of precrack by thermal fracture；In repetition
Process is stated, the plane of fracture being made up of one group of breakdown point is formed in the overlay area, while plane of fracture outward flange forms a circle
Neat Crack Extension area is simultaneously connected with the plane of fracture, three-dimensional immerged crack is formed in the position of precrack, comprising by breaking
The plane of fracture and the outer peripheral Crack Extension area of the plane of fracture that knick point is formed.And the remainder of transparent fragile material is kept intact,
Now it is difficult to accurately control using the crack size of laser generation, can further realizes three by the ultrasound excitation method of the present invention
The method for tieing up the prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack of the transparent fragile material of immerged crack size Control is reasonable, and cardinal principle is first selected
At precrack single breakdown point is formed using laser；Continuous incident pulse laser energy, these energy around single breakdown point
The lasting input of amount, breakdown point is on the one hand constantly manufactured, on the other hand the breakdown point development of heat effect first made can be made
Into its continuous damage propatagtion, finally it is linked to be a plane of fracture；Outermost breakdown point, its outward flange crack-free point can be in thermodynamics
Edge direction extends and forms a big expansion area (anchor ring) outward under effect；Expanding surface together constitutes three-dimensional with the plane of fracture
Immerged crack.In addition, the method for prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack is rapidly and efficiently, being produced on can complete within an hour, and in normal temperature ring
It is achieved that crackle can be generated inside transparent fragile material, obtained crack can be one under border with high fidelity
Burnishing surface, only it is that direction is consistent, and globality is very strong on a face.It is also, complete without other unnecessary cracks, neat in edge, test specimen
It without destruction, and can make truly without thickness crackle, not limited by material shape.In addition, test specimen transparency is high, brittleness degree is high.
1) fragility characteristic：Brittleness degree can reach 1/16-1/25；2) fracture toughness rank is in~1MPa/m1/2.But now generate interior
Portion's three-dimensional immerged crack by ultrasonic action, it is necessary to accurately control its size.
The above-mentioned basic physical principle that a breakdown point is produced in the position overlay area of precrack includes following three stage：
(1) incident laser when by lens, the laser energy density at medium inner focusing, focusing reaches certain threshold value (with material
Material is related), now, for medium under laser action, there is axial nonlinear ionization phenomenon in neutral molecule.Ionization causes focus
The medium neutral molecule at position ionizes to form plasma, i.e., negative ions caused by after being ionized by atom and atomic group form
Ionized gas shape material.
(2) the tough cause absorption work of nonlinear inverse occurs under laser action for the plasma for focusing on the generation of position medium reverts
With generation laser energy deposition, i.e., laser, which can be inhaled to be absorbed strongly by plasma, is changed into substantial amounts of heat energy and chemical energy.Together
When, laser can not continue to transmit, and screen effect is produced to medium below.
(3) big energy caused by reverse drag anticline, while medium also generates a small amount of thermal effect to the Intrinsic Gettering of laser
Should, localized hyperthermia's high pressure is caused, causes stress to cause high fragility medium to rupture even microexplosion at focusing, be melted into and send out herein
One of raw phenomenon, or be " dielectric breakdown ", form breakdown point.
Further, the method for above-mentioned ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size, it is described to swash
Light wave a length of 532nm or 1064nm, pulsewidth 1-30ns, pulse energy 1-300mJ；The breakdown point size is 5-80 μm；
The horizontal range 0.005-0.1mm of the breakdown point, vertical range 0.06-0.1mm；The number of plies of the plane of fracture is 3-10 layers.
Application conditions require low, using convenient.Wherein, for the laser energy of formation breakdown point, " destroyed being macroscopically referred to as medium
Threshold value ".
Further, the method for above-mentioned ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size, it is described
Bright fragile material includes synthetic quartz, glass.Ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack of the present invention
The method of size, it can promote the use of on all transparent fragile materials, adaptability is good, and application cost is low, and application prospect is wide
It is wealthy.
As a modification of the present invention, above-mentioned ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size
Method, the transparent fragile material is according to components by weight percent meter, including following components：
As a modification of the present invention, the brittleness degree of above-mentioned transparent fragile material can reach 1/16-1/25, and crackle is trueer
Real, confidence level as a result is higher, and component is reasonable,
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack chi
Very little method, the transparent fragile material is according to components by weight percent meter, including following components：
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, effect is optimal under above-mentioned condition.
Further, the method for above-mentioned ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size, it is described
The preparation technology of bright fragile material, comprises the following steps：
1) nano silicon is dissolved in toluene and the aqueous solution, methacrylic acid -3- methoxies is added after being well mixed
Base silicon propyl ester, magnetic agitation 24h, standby at 40 DEG C；
2) under conditions of stirring, step by iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester dissolving in deionized water, is added dropwise dropwise
1) gained dispersion liquid in, after being added dropwise to complete, after stirring 20-40min, ultrasonic 30-50min, standby in Ultrasonic cell smash
With；
3) mixture prepared in step 2) is poured into reactor, stirs and be passed through nitrogen protection, poly- second is added dropwise dropwise
Enol, 50-100 DEG C is warming up to, after reacting 4-6h, through copper mesh filtering and discharging after cooling, is washed by ethanol, filtered production
Thing is dried in vacuum drying oven, standby；
4) by the product of gained in step 3) and the quartz sand after grinding, boric acid, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate, carbonic acid
Sodium, white mica powder, zircon sand, arsenic trioxide, titanium dioxide, lanthana, pour into silica crucible, put after being fully mixed evenly
Founded in the silicon molybdenum rod furnace for being capable of accurate temperature controlling, 1250-1500 DEG C of melting, 1300-1600 DEG C of high temperature clarification, found end
After pour out glass metal, pass through mould molding；Obtained products formed is put into Elema electric furnace, 520 DEG C of insulation 180min, with 2
DEG C/min rate of temperature fall is cooled to 300 DEG C, 300 DEG C of insulation 60min, 50 DEG C are cooled to 5 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall, is closed
Stove, room temperature is naturally cooled to, obtain the transparent fragile material.
The preparation technology of transparent fragile material, method is reasonable, short preparation period, can carry out large-scale application.
The present invention also provides a kind of application for the method that control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size is motivated by ultrasound,
The method that control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size is motivated by ultrasound is applied to the extension of research precrack and broken
In the fragile material experimental study of bad rule.Crack Extension processed and destruction can be truly studied, is provided for the field scientific research
A kind of method that application cost is low, experiment condition is gentle, has a high application value.In addition, the present invention state ultrasound
The method of excitation control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size can also be applied to the experiment of rock, concrete, ceramics
In research.
Beneficial effect：Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：Ultrasonic action control of the present invention is crisp
Property material internal three-dimensional immerged crack size method, method is simple, rationally, rapidly and efficiently, easy to operate, precise control,
It is achieved that large-scale application can be carried out under normal temperature environment, adaptability is good, has high promotional value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow for the method that ultrasonic action of the present invention controls fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the workflow schematic diagram of image collection processing system of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the transparent fragile material figure of prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack described in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 4 is the side of the fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size of ultrasonic action control described in the embodiment of the present invention 1
The expander graphs of the prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack of method control；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram before the prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack of transparent material of the present invention；
Fig. 6 be prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack of the present invention after transparent material front view；
Fig. 7 be prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack of the present invention after transparent material side view；
Fig. 8 is the transparent fragile material figure of prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack described in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 9 is the side of the fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size of ultrasonic action control described in the embodiment of the present invention 2
The expander graphs of the prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack of method control.
Embodiment
Below will be by several specific embodiments, the present invention is furture elucidated, these embodiments simply to illustrate that problem,
It is not a kind of limitation.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size as shown in Figure 1, including with
Lower step：
The prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack inside synthetic quartz, as shown in figure 5, taking a complete synthetic quartz, select prefabricated split
The position of line；By lens focus laser, the energy density of the laser is entering synthetic quartz and is reaching the position of precrack
It is less than the damage threshold of synthetic quartz before putting, exceedes the damage threshold of synthetic quartz in the position of precrack；Laser pulse
Transparent fragile material is set to be produced a breakdown point in the position overlay area of precrack by thermal fracture；Said process is repeated, is such as schemed
Shown in 6-7, the plane of fracture being made up of one group of breakdown point is formed in the overlay area, while plane of fracture outward flange forms a circle
Neat Crack Extension area is simultaneously connected with the plane of fracture, forms three-dimensional immerged crack in the position of precrack, and artificial water
Brilliant remainder is kept intact.Wherein, the optical maser wavelength is 532nm, pulsewidth 1ns, pulse energy 1mJ.It is described broken
Knick point size is 5 μm, the horizontal range 0.005mm of the breakdown point, vertical range 0.06mm, and the number of plies of the plane of fracture is 3 layers.
Further, ultrasonic exciting rifle is placed into synthetic quartz surface, supersonic generator produces ultrasonic wave, ultrasound
Ripple is transmitted by material surface toward material internal, and penetrates whole material bodies, due to cracks and two when ultrasonic wave passes through crackle
Medium transition be present in side, cracks produce mechanical oscillation from around it is different, so as to crackle generation mechanics disturb, ultrasonic wave
Mechanical oscillation are converted into the mechanical energy of cracks, and the mechanical oscillation effect of crack tip makes Crack Extension.Until Crack Extension is opened
Split to desired size is met, stop ultrasonic wave input.Wherein, the size of the input of energy is controlled by ultrasonic energy formula,
So as to control Crack Extension size；The ultrasonic energy formula is E=2 π2f2A2ρ, wherein f are that transducer sends ultrasonic wave frequency
Rate；A is ultrasonic amplitude；ρ is density of material, in the present embodiment, the f for 40kHz, A for 30 μm.Meanwhile pass through
Ultrasonic wave input direction controls direction of crack propagation.As shown in Figure 3-4, crackle can be controlled both horizontally and vertically to expand
The length of exhibition.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size as shown in Figure 1, including with
Lower step：
The prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack inside synthetic quartz, takes a complete synthetic quartz, selectes the position of precrack；It is logical
Lens focus laser is crossed, the energy density of the laser is less than people before the position of synthetic quartz and arrival precrack is entered
The damage threshold of work crystal, exceed the damage threshold of synthetic quartz in the position of precrack；Laser pulse makes transparent fragility material
Material is produced a breakdown point by thermal fracture in the position overlay area of precrack；Said process is repeated, as shown in figure 8, described
The plane of fracture being made up of one group of breakdown point is formed in overlay area, while plane of fracture outward flange forms the neat Crack Extension of a circle
The plane of fracture is connected described in Qu Bingyu, and three-dimensional immerged crack is formed in the position of precrack, and the remainder of synthetic quartz is protected
Hold as former state.Wherein, the optical maser wavelength is 1064nm, pulsewidth 30ns, pulse energy 300mJ.The breakdown point size is
80 μm, the horizontal range 0.1mm of the breakdown point, vertical range 0.1mm, and the number of plies of the plane of fracture is 10 layers.
Further, ultrasonic exciting rifle is placed into synthetic quartz surface, supersonic generator produces ultrasonic wave, ultrasound
Ripple is transmitted by material surface toward material internal, and penetrates whole material bodies, due to cracks and two when ultrasonic wave passes through crackle
Medium transition be present in side, cracks produce mechanical oscillation from around it is different, so as to crackle generation mechanics disturb, ultrasonic wave
Mechanical oscillation are converted into the mechanical energy of cracks, and the mechanical oscillation effect of crack tip makes Crack Extension, as shown in figure 9, until
Crack Extension ftractures to the size for meeting to require, stops ultrasonic wave input.Wherein, energy is controlled by ultrasonic energy formula
The size of input, so as to control Crack Extension size；The ultrasonic energy formula is E=2 π2f2A2ρ, wherein f are transducer
Send ultrasonic frequency；A is ultrasonic amplitude；ρ is density of material, in the present embodiment, the f for 100kHz, A's is
200μm.Meanwhile direction of crack propagation is controlled by ultrasonic wave input direction.
At the same time, as shown in Fig. 2 also including image collection processing system, wherein IMAQ and it is transferred to processing system
After system, processing is digitized to image, image is contained to the matrix of each pixel RGB data, passes through front and rear picture data
Contrast, each the pixel real-time change of image in one direction in time scale is obtained, single picture in this direction is set
Vegetarian refreshments data differences threshold values, and these pixels are highlighted using red.Set red in image to count out threshold values, work as institute
It is red when counting out more than this threshold values in directive image, it is believed that crackle starts crack initiation, and processing system carries out automatic alarm.It is logical
The view data for crossing wherein three different directions carries out the positioning of Crack Extension, and position school is carried out with the image in remaining direction
Core, so as to realize real-time, efficient, accurate monitoring.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method of ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size as shown in Figure 1, including with
Lower step：
The prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack inside transparent fragile material, a complete transparent fragile material is taken, select precrack
Position, by lens focus laser, the energy density of the laser is entering transparent fragile material and is reaching precrack
It is less than the damage threshold of transparent fragile material before position, exceedes the destruction threshold of transparent fragile material in the position of precrack
Value；Laser pulse makes transparent fragile material be produced a breakdown point in the position overlay area of precrack by thermal fracture；In repetition
Process is stated, the plane of fracture being made up of one group of breakdown point is formed in the overlay area, while plane of fracture outward flange forms a circle
Neat Crack Extension area is simultaneously connected with the plane of fracture, and three-dimensional immerged crack is formed in the position of precrack, and transparent crisp
The remainder of property material is kept intact.Wherein, the optical maser wavelength is 532nm, pulsewidth 25ns, pulse energy 160mJ.
The breakdown point size is 40 μm, the horizontal range 0.05mm of the breakdown point, vertical range 0.08mm, and the number of plies of the plane of fracture
For 7 layers.
Above-mentioned transparent fragile material is according to components by weight percent meter, including following components：
The preparation technology of the transparent fragile material, comprises the following steps：
1) nano silicon is dissolved in toluene and the aqueous solution, methacrylic acid -3- methoxies is added after being well mixed
Base silicon propyl ester, magnetic agitation 24h, standby at 40 DEG C；
2) under conditions of stirring, step by iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester dissolving in deionized water, is added dropwise dropwise
1) gained dispersion liquid in, after being added dropwise to complete, after stirring 20min, ultrasonic 30min, standby in Ultrasonic cell smash；
3) mixture prepared in step 2) is poured into reactor, stirs and be passed through nitrogen protection, poly- second is added dropwise dropwise
Enol, it is warming up to 50 DEG C, after reacting 4h, through copper mesh filtering and discharging after cooling, is washed by ethanol, filtered product is true
Dried in empty baking oven, it is standby；
4) by the product of gained in step 3) and the quartz sand after grinding, boric acid, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate, carbonic acid
Sodium, white mica powder, zircon sand, arsenic trioxide, titanium dioxide, lanthana, pour into silica crucible, put after being fully mixed evenly
Founded in the silicon molybdenum rod furnace for being capable of accurate temperature controlling, 1250 DEG C of meltings, 1300 DEG C of high temperature clarifications, glass is poured out after founding end
Liquid, pass through mould molding；Obtained products formed is put into Elema electric furnace, 520 DEG C of insulation 180min, with 2 DEG C/min drop
Warm speed is cooled to 300 DEG C, 300 DEG C of insulation 60min, is cooled to 50 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall, closes stove, natural cooling
To room temperature, the transparent fragile material is obtained.
Further, ultrasonic transducer is placed into transparent brittle material surface, transducer produces ultrasonic wave, ultrasonic wave
Transmitted by material surface toward material internal, and penetrate whole material bodies, due to cracks and both sides when ultrasonic wave passes through crackle
Medium transition be present, cracks produce mechanical oscillation from around it is different, so as to crackle generation mechanics disturb, the machine of ultrasonic wave
Tool vibrates the mechanical energy for being converted into cracks, and the mechanical oscillation effect of crack tip makes Crack Extension.Until Crack Extension ftractures
To desired size is met, stop ultrasonic wave input.Wherein, the size of the input of energy is controlled by ultrasonic energy formula, from
And control Crack Extension size；The ultrasonic energy formula is E=2 π2f2A2ρ, wherein f are that transducer sends ultrasonic wave frequency
Rate；A is ultrasonic amplitude；ρ is density of material, in the present embodiment, the f for 50kHz, A for 40 μm.Meanwhile pass through
Ultrasonic wave input direction controls direction of crack propagation.
Embodiment 4
In the present embodiment, the transparent fragile material is according to components by weight percent meter, including following components：
The preparation technology of the transparent fragile material, comprises the following steps：
1) nano silicon is dissolved in toluene and the aqueous solution, methacrylic acid -3- methoxies is added after being well mixed
Base silicon propyl ester, magnetic agitation 24h, standby at 40 DEG C；
2) under conditions of stirring, step by iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester dissolving in deionized water, is added dropwise dropwise
1) gained dispersion liquid in, after being added dropwise to complete, after stirring 40min, ultrasonic 50min, standby in Ultrasonic cell smash；
3) mixture prepared in step 2) is poured into reactor, stirs and be passed through nitrogen protection, poly- second is added dropwise dropwise
Enol, it is warming up to 100 DEG C, after reacting 6h, through copper mesh filtering and discharging after cooling, is washed by ethanol, filtered product exists
Dried in vacuum drying oven, it is standby；
4) by the product of gained in step 3) and the quartz sand after grinding, boric acid, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate, carbonic acid
Sodium, white mica powder, zircon sand, arsenic trioxide, titanium dioxide, lanthana, pour into silica crucible, put after being fully mixed evenly
Founded in the silicon molybdenum rod furnace for being capable of accurate temperature controlling, 1500 DEG C of meltings, 1600 DEG C of high temperature clarifications, glass is poured out after founding end
Liquid, pass through mould molding；Obtained products formed is put into Elema electric furnace, 520 DEG C of insulation 180min, with 2 DEG C/min drop
Warm speed is cooled to 300 DEG C, 300 DEG C of insulation 60min, is cooled to 50 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall, closes stove, natural cooling
To room temperature, the transparent fragile material is obtained.
Remaining is the same as embodiment 3.
Embodiment 5
In the present embodiment, the transparent fragile material of institute is according to components by weight percent meter, including following components：
The preparation technology of the transparent fragile material, comprises the following steps：
1) nano silicon is dissolved in toluene and the aqueous solution, methacrylic acid -3- methoxies is added after being well mixed
Base silicon propyl ester, magnetic agitation 24h, standby at 40 DEG C；
2) under conditions of stirring, step by iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester dissolving in deionized water, is added dropwise dropwise
1) gained dispersion liquid in, after being added dropwise to complete, after stirring 30min, ultrasonic 40min, standby in Ultrasonic cell smash；
3) mixture prepared in step 2) is poured into reactor, stirs and be passed through nitrogen protection, poly- second is added dropwise dropwise
Enol, it is warming up to 80 DEG C, after reacting 5h, through copper mesh filtering and discharging after cooling, is washed by ethanol, filtered product is true
Dried in empty baking oven, it is standby；
4) by the product of gained in step 3) and the quartz sand after grinding, boric acid, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate, carbonic acid
Sodium, white mica powder, zircon sand, arsenic trioxide, titanium dioxide, lanthana, pour into silica crucible, put after being fully mixed evenly
Founded in the silicon molybdenum rod furnace for being capable of accurate temperature controlling, 1400 DEG C of meltings, 1500 DEG C of high temperature clarifications, glass is poured out after founding end
Liquid, pass through mould molding；Obtained products formed is put into Elema electric furnace, 520 DEG C of insulation 180min, with 2 DEG C/min drop
Warm speed is cooled to 300 DEG C, 300 DEG C of insulation 60min, is cooled to 50 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall, closes stove, natural cooling
To room temperature, the transparent fragile material is obtained.
Remaining is the same as embodiment 3.
It is that the present invention is not limited only to above-described embodiment, as long as meeting for limitation of the invention that above-described embodiment, which is not,
Application claims, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. method that control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size is motivated by ultrasound, it is characterised in that：Including following Step：The prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack first inside transparent fragile material, then by ultrasonic wave by material surface toward in material Portion is transmitted, and penetrates whole material bodies, and ultrasonic wave produces mechanical energy, precrack inside process during prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack Tip makes precrack extension cracking, when crack size extension cracking to satisfaction requires, stops ultrasound under mechanical oscillation effect Ripple inputs.
- 2. the method for ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size according to claim 1, it is special Sign is：The size of the input of energy is controlled by ultrasonic energy formula, so as to control Crack Extension size；Pass through ultrasonic wave Input direction controls direction of crack propagation.
- 3. the method for ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size according to claim 2, it is special Sign is：The ultrasonic energy formula is E=2 π2f2A2ρ, wherein f are that transducer sends ultrasonic frequency；A shakes for ultrasonic wave Width；ρ is density of material.
- 4. the method for ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size according to claim 3, it is special Sign is：The scope of the f is 20-100kHz, and A scope is 30-200 μm.
- 5. the side of the ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size according to claim any one of 1-4 Method, it is characterised in that：Prefabricated three-dimensional immerged crack inside the transparent fragile material, comprises the following steps：Take one complete transparent Fragile material, select the position of precrack；By lens focus laser, the energy density of the laser is entering transparent fragility It is less than the damage threshold of transparent fragile material before the position of material and arrival precrack, exceedes in the position of precrack saturating The damage threshold of bright fragile material；Laser pulse makes transparent fragile material by thermal fracture, in the position overlay area of precrack Produce a breakdown point；Said process is repeated, the plane of fracture being made up of one group of breakdown point is formed in the overlay area, is broken simultaneously Broken face outward flange forms the neat Crack Extension area of a circle and is connected with the plane of fracture, and three-dimensional is formed in the position of precrack Immerged crack, and the remainder of transparent fragile material is kept intact.
- 6. the method for ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size according to claim 5, it is special Sign is：The optical maser wavelength is 532nm or 1064nm, pulsewidth 1-30ns, pulse energy 1-300mJ；The breakdown point Size is 5-80 μm；The horizontal range 0.005-0.1mm of the breakdown point, vertical range 0.06-0.1mm；The plane of fracture The number of plies is 3-10 layers.
- 7. the method for ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size according to claim 5, it is special Sign is：The transparent fragile material includes synthetic quartz, glass.
- 8. the method for ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size according to claim 5, it is special Sign is：The transparent fragile material is according to components by weight percent meter, including following components：
- 9. the method for ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size according to claim 8, it is special Sign is：The preparation technology of the transparent fragile material, comprises the following steps：1) nano silicon is dissolved in toluene and the aqueous solution, methacrylic acid -3- methoxyl group silicon is added after being well mixed Propyl ester, magnetic agitation 24h, standby at 40 DEG C；2) by iso-cyanuric acid triallyl ester dissolving in deionized water, under conditions of stirring, it is added dropwise dropwise in step 1) Gained dispersion liquid, after being added dropwise to complete, after stirring 20-40min, ultrasonic 30-50min, standby in Ultrasonic cell smash；3) mixture prepared in step 2) is poured into reactor, stirs and be passed through nitrogen protection, polyvinyl alcohol is added dropwise dropwise, 50-100 DEG C is warming up to, after reacting 4-6h, through copper mesh filtering and discharging after cooling, is washed by ethanol, filtered product exists Dried in vacuum drying oven, it is standby；4) by the product of gained in step 3) and the quartz sand after grinding, boric acid, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate, sodium carbonate, White mica powder, zircon sand, arsenic trioxide, titanium dioxide, lanthana, pour into silica crucible, be placed in after being fully mixed evenly Founded in silicon molybdenum rod furnace, 1250-1500 DEG C of melting, 1300-1600 DEG C of high temperature clarification, pour out glass metal after founding end, lead to Cross mould molding；Obtained products formed is put into Elema electric furnace, 520 DEG C of insulation 180min, with 2 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall 300 DEG C are cooled to, 300 DEG C of insulation 60min, 50 DEG C is cooled to 5 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall, closes stove, naturally cool to room temperature, Obtain the transparent fragile material.
- A kind of 10. ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack chi according to claim any one of 1-9 The application of very little method, it is characterised in that：The method of the ultrasonic action control fragile material interior three-dimensional immerged crack size Applied in the rock of the extension of research precrack and failure law, concrete, ceramics, glass experimental study.
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