CN107427259A - For performing the method to the system of the histogram analysis of time-based capnography signal and its operation - Google Patents
For performing the method to the system of the histogram analysis of time-based capnography signal and its operation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of gas concentration monitoring system (100,600), processor (110,610) can be included, the processor is configured as：Detect the concentration of the selected gas in the sample gas stream obtained from the physical interface (107) to patient (101)；Being formed includes the data set of multiple data points, the concentration that detects of the selected gas that each data point corresponds in the sample gas stream during the sampling time；The data point is grouped according to the frequency of appearance of the data point within the sampling time；It is and/or at least one in signal belief and signal quality to determine based on the relative nature between the group of data points.
Description
Technical field
The system is related to monitoring capnography (capnography) signal with such as performing to carbon dioxide
(CO2) waveform histogram analysis so as to identification of breathing unstable period in the case of without identifying individual breathing, and
It is related to the method for its operation.
Background technology
Generally, CO 2 measuring can be used for the patient that is likely to be under hypoventilation risk of detection and (such as be applied
Give analgestic and/or sedative medicine or those patients being otherwise in respiratory distress) in slow and/or hypopnea
Period.Hence it is desirable to use capnography monitors the stability of the breathing of these patients, enabling with appropriate
Medical nursing.
However, determine the conventional algorithm requirement of the stability of breathing to individual breathing based on CO 2 measuring waveform
Detection and the comparison to the property feature of the detected breathing during a period enable to determine breathing ginseng
Number.Regrettably,, may be according to every in detected breathing if breathing detection algorithm fails using conventional method
It is individual breathing and derived parameter be also mistake.These conventional algorithms require a considerable amount of system resource rightly to know in real time
Not each individual breathing.In addition, the addition to supplemental oxygen may accordingly increase the inaccuracy of capnography reading, make
Conventional method must be used to determine that the stability of breathing is increasingly difficult.Therefore, the embodiment of the system can be overcome in existing system
These shortcomings and/or other shortcomings.
(one or more) system described herein, (one or more) equipment, (one or more) method,
(one or more) arrangement, (one or more) user interface, (one or more) computer program, process etc. are (unless up and down
Text is otherwise indicated, otherwise hereinafter therein to be each referred to as system) solve the problems, such as in prior art systems.
The content of the invention
According to the embodiment of the system, a kind of gas concentration monitoring system is disclosed, it can include processor, the place
Reason device can be configured as：The sample obtained from the physical interface to patient is detected according to the data set including multiple data points
The concentration of selected gas in gas stream, the selected gas that each data point corresponds in the sample gas stream are sampling
The concentration detected during time；According to the frequency of appearance of the data point within the sampling time to the data point
It is grouped；And/or determined in signal belief and signal quality extremely based on the relative nature between the group of data points
It is few one.
According to the embodiment of the system, the processor can be additionally configured to be grouped the data point, wherein,
Different range of each packet corresponding to the concentration of the selected gas.The processor can be additionally configured to be based on being present in
The relative number of data point in the group of data points is described at least one in signal belief and signal quality to determine.Institute
Stating gas concentration monitoring system can also include being coupled to the rendering apparatus of the processor, wherein, the processor can be with
It is configured as that the group of data points is plotted as into histogram on the rendering apparatus.The processor can be additionally configured to know
Other two group of data points, described two group of data points accordingly have the group of data points among the maximum number of data point and
The data point of secondary big (next largest) number.
According to the embodiment of the system, the processor can be additionally configured to determine between described two group of data points
The number of data point, and be configured as determining in signal belief and signal quality based on the number of identified data point
It is described at least one.According to the further embodiment of the system, the sampling time interval can cover at least multiple breathings
Cycle, each respiratory cycle include expiratory phase and expiration phase or the period of at least 20 seconds, and whichever can be determined
To occur first.It is also contemplated that the physical interface can include nasal intubation or mask (108), it is arranged to couple
To patient.In addition, the system can also include pneumatic system, the pneumatic system is controlled with by gas of ventilating by the processor
Body mixture is provided to the physical interface for being sucked by the patient.
According to the embodiment of the system, there is provided a kind of method for monitoring capnography signal.Methods described can wrap
Include following action：Detect the concentration of the selected gas in the sample gas stream obtained from the physical interface to patient；Formation includes
The data set of multiple data points, the selected gas that each data point corresponds in the sample gas stream is in the phase in sampling time
Between the concentration detected；The data point is divided according to the frequency of appearance of the data point within the sampling time
Group；It is and/or at least one in signal belief and signal quality to determine based on the relative nature between the group of data points.
The action being grouped to the data point can also include following action：The different range of concentration based on the selected gas
The data point is grouped.It is also contemplated that determine described at least one dynamic in signal belief and signal quality
Work can also include following action：It is determined that the relative number for the data point being present in the group of data points.Methods described may be used also
With including following action：The group of data points is plotted as histogram on rendering apparatus.Methods described can also include following
Action：Two datasets point group is identified, described two data set point groups accordingly have the maximum number among the group of data points
The data point of purpose data point and time big figure.Methods described can also include following action：Determine described two group of data points
Between data point number, wherein it is determined that at least one action in signal belief and signal quality is based on institute
The number of the data point of determination.According to the embodiment of the system, the sampling time interval can cover at least multiple breathing weeks
Phase, each respiratory cycle include expiratory phase and expiration phase or the period of at least 20 seconds, and whichever can be determined that
Occur first.
According to the embodiment of the system, there is provided a kind of computer-readable non-transitory media, it, which has, is used in computer
To perform the computer readable program code of the method for monitoring capnography signal, methods described can include following for upper operation
Action：Detect the concentration of the selected gas in the sample gas stream obtained from the physical interface (107) to patient (101)；Formed
Include the data set of multiple data points, the selected gas that each data point corresponds in the sample gas stream is in sampling
Between during the concentration detected；The data are clicked through according to the frequency of appearance of the data point within the sampling time
Row packet；It is and/or at least one in signal belief and signal quality to determine based on the relative nature between group of data points.
It is contemplated that arriving, the action being grouped to the data point can include following action：Concentration based on the selected gas
Different range the data point is grouped.It is contemplated that arrive, determine in signal belief and signal quality it is described extremely
Few one action can include following action：It is determined that the relative number for the data point being present in the group of data points.In addition,
It is susceptible to, methods described can include following action：Two datasets point group is identified, described two data set point groups can be right
Should data point of the ground with the maximum number of data point among the group of data points and time big figure.It is contemplated that arrive, it is described
Method can include following action：The number of the data point between described two group of data points is determined, wherein it is determined that signal confidence
Number of the degree with least one action in signal quality based on identified data point.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is explained in exemplary embodiment below and in greater detail with reference to the attached drawings, wherein, it is same or like
Element can be indicated partly by same or similar reference, and various one exemplary embodiments are characterized in what can be combined.
In accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of a part for the system of the embodiment according to the system；
Fig. 2 shows the functional flow diagram performed by process of the embodiment according to the system；
Fig. 3 is shown to be shown in sample gas stream with the CO of time according to the embodiment of the system2The two of concentration
The figure of carbonoxide figure；
Fig. 4 A show the CO generated according to the embodiment of the system2The histogram of sample of signal；
Fig. 4 B show the CO generated according to the embodiment of the system2Another histogram of sample of signal；
Fig. 5 shows the figure of the screen drawing of the embodiment according to the system；
Fig. 6 shows a part for the system of the embodiment according to the system；
Fig. 7 A show the CO including being formed according to the embodiment of the system2A part for the capnography of waveform；
Fig. 7 B show a part for the histogram corresponding to the capnography formed according to the embodiment of the system；
Fig. 8 A show the CO including being formed according to the embodiment of the system2A part for the capnography of waveform；
Fig. 8 B show a part for the histogram corresponding to the capnography formed according to the embodiment of the system；
Fig. 8 C show the Feature Mapping function graft generated according to the embodiment of the system；
Fig. 9 shows the Feature Mapping function graft generated according to the embodiment of the system；
Figure 10 shows a part for the histogram corresponding to the capnography formed according to the embodiment of the system；
And
Figure 11 shows the Feature Mapping function graft generated according to the embodiment of the system.
Embodiment
It is hereafter the description to illustrative embodiment, it will demonstrate that spy noted above when considering in conjunction with the following drawings
Advantage of seeking peace and those other feature and advantage.In the following description, following detailed description, explanation is illustrated
Property details, framework, interface, technology, component attributes etc..However, for those of ordinary skills will be aobvious and easy
See, departing from the other embodiment of these details will still be understood to be within the scope of following claims.In addition,
For clarity purposes, the description to known equipment, circuit, instrument, technology and method is omitted so as not to make to the system
Indigestion is described.It should be expressly understood that it is not offered as the complete of the system including accompanying drawing and accompanying drawing for illustration purposes
Portion's scope.In the accompanying drawings, the similar reference numeral in different accompanying drawings may refer to similar element.
According to the embodiment of the system, capnography information can be obtained by the system.Such as effluent can be passed through
Any suitable carbon dioxide drawing system of carbon dioxide drawing system obtains capnography information.However, it is also contemplated that,
The embodiment of the system can be grasped together with the other kinds of carbon dioxide drawing system of main flow carbon dioxide drawing system etc.
Make.However, for clearly reason, the operation on effluent carbon dioxide drawing system is described herein.
For example, Fig. 1 shows the effluent capnometry systems 100 operated according to the embodiment of the system (for clear
Clear reason, hereinafter referred to as system 100) block diagram.System 100 can include effluent monitor (SSM) 160, and it can make
Vent portion 103 is coupled to any suitable method, to receive sample gas stream at input unit (SGF IN) place
(SGF).According to the embodiment of the system, SSM 160 can analyze at least the one of SGF using one or more sensors 164
Partly (for example, sample portion) and output section (SGF RET) place export SGF.Output SGF is then provided to such as
The desired part of vent portion 130, or it is vented to air, if desired.Although show effluent carbon dioxide
Measurement system 100, but according to other embodiment, it is envisioned that, main flow capnometry systems can be by capnography
Information provides and arrives the system.
It is (hereinafter referred to as logical that vent portion 103 (for example, pneumatic part) can provide gas for the ventilation of patient 101
Gas gas).Therefore, the vent portion can receive one or more gases (for example, O at input (IN) place2, nitrogen
(N2), air, vapor etc.), mix these gases to form ventilation gas and described logical in the output of output section (OUT) place
Gas gas.Therefore, depending on system setting and/or time, the ventilation gas can include single gas (for example, O2) or gas
Body mixture (such as N2And O2Admixture of gas etc.).Vent portion 103 can be coupled to patient using any suitable coupling
101, all couplers 107 of ventilating in this way of any suitable coupling, it can include one or more flexible pipes 109 and/or suffer from
Person's interface 108.Although the embodiment flexible pipe according to the system is not usually that two-way (that is, the fluid of such as oxygen flows to patient
101), flexible pipe may be two-way once in a while.
According to the embodiment of the system, the system is provided during expiratory positive airway pressure, when no ventilator is connected to trouble
It is time when breathing detection is least reliable since then during person.Using ventilator, it is commonly known when to deliver breathing.So,
According to the embodiment of the system, the vent portion can be simply flexible pipe, and the flexible pipe is coupled to supply supplemental oxygen.
In the case of no any vent portion or when vent portion is otherwise disabled and patient's only breathing environment is empty
Using of the invention and possible during gas (for example, the air not strengthened using additional or juvenile gas introducing).
Patient interface 108 can be the system interface of any suitable type, invasive (intubation etc.) and/or noninvasive (example
Such as, mask as shown, nasal adaptor, nasal intubation etc.) type is used for air-breathing to provide ventilation gas to patient 101.Patient
Interface 108 can include holding part, label, band etc., and it can be according to expectation during use by patient interface 108
It is held in place relative to patient 101.In use, ventilate coupler 107 can also from patient 101 receive exhaled gas (for example,
Expiration gas), such as gas in the respiratory tract of patient.Therefore, SGF can include these exhaled gas at special time
In it is at least some, as described herein.Vent portion 103 can include one or more pumps with by such as air
Input gas pressurized and/or the ventilation gas of desired flow rate, pressure etc. is provided.
According to the embodiment of the system, ventilation coupler 107 can include one or more passive valves or aggressive valve (such as
Passive check valve), it can boot up the flowing of the gas in ventilation coupler in desired one or more side.For example,
Ventilation gas can be provided to patient 101 for air-breathing, and can guide in a different direction from patient's 101
Expiration gas.According to the embodiment of the system, ventilation coupler 107 can also include adjuster (such as drier), and it is for example
Moisture can be removed according to it is expected to condense from SGF and/or trap.In addition, according to the embodiment of the system, vent portion 103 can be with
Including descending the pump, valve and/or the blender that operate to be mixed vapor and/or medicine according to expectation under control of the controller 110
Into ventilation gas.Vent portion 103, which can include receiving, returns to gas for the return port further handled, such as fruiting period
If prestige.Hereinafter, the return gas or its part can be mixed with ventilation gas to be output to ventilation blender 107
So as to for reusing, if desired.
Referring back to SSM 160, according to the embodiment of the system, the part can include it is following in it is one or more：
Sensor 164, controller 110, actuator 165, pump 167, sampler chamber 163 and drafting part 130.According to the reality of the system
Example is applied, controller 110 can control one or more parts of SSM 160 overall operation.For example, actuator 165 can wrap
One or more motors, transducer etc. are included, it can provide power under control of the controller 110 to operate the one of SSM 160
Or multiple valves, blender etc..Sampler chamber 163 can include one or more sampler chambers, in the sampler chamber, SGF sample
Part can be analyzed by sensor 164.Pump 167 can operate as described to control under control of the controller 110
SGF flowing.
Sensor 164 can include at least one sensor, and it can be with least one of the SGF in analytical sampling room 163
Point.In addition, according to the embodiment of the system, sensor 164 can include temperature, volume, concentration and/or pressure sensor with phase
Answer temperature, volume, concentration and/or the pressure of the SGF in ground detection sampler chamber 163.According to the embodiment of the system, sensor
164 can include electro-optical sensor, its characteristic that can be analyzed SGF and determine one or more gases in SGF, such as may be used
With presence, temperature, concentration, volume and/or the pressure of the one or more gases being positioned in the SGF in sampler chamber 163.Pass
Then sensor 164 can form corresponding sensor information and provide this information to controller 110 for further place
Reason.
According to the embodiment of the system, then controller 110 can use any suitable drafting of such as display set
Standby 130 draw the result of analysis.The rendering apparatus can locally and/or remotely be positioned and can be via any suitable
The bus or network (internet etc.) of conjunction are communicated with controller 110.According to the embodiment of the system, sensor 164
It can be tuned to or otherwise be configured as detecting desired gas (for example, CO2、O2、N2Deng) presence and/or characteristic.Cause
This, sensor 164 can detect gas, such as carbon dioxide (CO corresponding to one or more in SGF2), oxygen (O2), nitrogen
Gas (N2) etc., and corresponding sensor information can be formed., will for the purpose for simplifying the description to the embodiment of the system
On by sensor 164 to the carbon dioxide (CO in SGF2) special individual detection the system described.However, such as may be used
With what is readily recognized that, according to the embodiment of the system, can by sensor 164 come sense other gases in SGF and/or
Its characteristic combined.
Controller 110 then can with analyte sensors information with determine sensing gas with the time characteristic.Once it is determined that
The characteristics (such as concentration) of one or more sense gasses, then controller 110 and then renderer 130 can be controlled true to draw
Fixed result.
Referring back to vent portion 103, according to the embodiment of the system, the part can be by ventilation controller, controller
110 and/or other controllers control, be used for provide with desired volume, flow, pressure and/or mixture to patient
101 ventilation gas ventilated.
Fig. 2 show the embodiment according to the system as the functional flow diagram performed by process 200.Process 200 can be with
Using by the one or more processors of network service, computer, controller etc. come perform and can from can each other this
Ground and/or long-range one or more memories obtain information and/or store information into can each other locally and/or remotely
One or more memories.Process 200 can include one or more of following action., can according to the embodiment of the system
With the gas monitoring systems being adapted to using one or more, the side-stream monitoring systems such as operated according to the embodiment of the system
(SSM) action of implementation procedure 200, is carried out.In addition, if desired, these action one or more of can be combined,
Reset and/or be separated into sub- action.In addition, depending on setting, one or more of these actions action can be skipped.Grasping
In work, the process can start during action 201 and then continue to action 203.
During action 203, the process can obtain initial operational parameters, such as one or more sampled values, sample
Flow velocity (SFR) value, information (for example, patient to be ventilated) on ventilated patient etc..It is described first according to the embodiment of the system
Beginning sampled value can represent sampling time section (for example, 120 seconds).According to the embodiment of the system, do not extending sampling periods
In the case of, by using extra sensor and/or the sensor of bigger sample size can be provided with to accommodate bigger adopt
Sample volume.In either event, the sampling volume and/or other characteristics can be set and/or can be from by system, user
The memory of system obtains.The sampling time can be set so that can gather for enough sampling times
CO 2 measuring information is for analysis.
The CO 2 measuring information can include one or more capnography signals, such as CO2Signal.It is described
Sampled value can be set and can be obtained from the memory of system by system and/or user.According to the embodiment of the system,
The sampled value can be adjusted in real time during the operation of active procedure by system according to expectation.However, it should set described
Sampled value allows to gather and analyze the breathing of enough numbers (for example, patient) according to the embodiment of the system.In addition,
The process can obtain sample flow (SFR) value, and sample flow (SFR) value can be used for systematic sample gas
Stream pump is initialized.The SFR values can by system and/or user come set and can according to it is expected from memory or
Obtain in real time.According to the embodiment of the system, the process can during operation as may expect adjustment parameter.Complete
Into after action 203, the process can continue to action 205.
During action 205, the process can establish the systematic sample gas stream (SGF).Therefore, the process
SGF pumps can be controlled so that so that SGF such as can be provided by the desired sample flow of SFR values setting.SGF can be from being coupled
One or more SGF to sampling system interface manage (nasal intubation for being such as coupled to patient) and it is received from vent portion
Ventilation gas.Before the action is completed, the process can wait sample time section to pass (for example, 20 seconds etc.) so that SGF
At least a portion can be provided to one or more sampler chambers of system.For clear reason, it will be assumed that from the system
The patient interface (for example, physical interface) of system obtains SGF.The process can also obtain sensor information to determine for example to sample
Environmental pressure in the sampler chamber of one or more of room.The process can also determine SGF sample flow in real time.This
Outside, the process can control SGF pumps (such as to be obtained based on feedback information from one or more flow sensors of system
Flow rate information) maintain SGF fixed sample flow in real time.After execution 205, the process can continue to
Action 207.
During action 207, the process can analyze carbon dioxide corresponding to SGF at least a portion and formation and survey
Determine information, the corresponding CO 2 measuring information can for example include and one or more gas (such as CO in SGF2)
With the concentration dependent information of time.More specifically, the CO 2 measuring information can include capnography signal (pin
To corresponding gas), it can for example be represented as multiple discrete data points (DP) with the time.Therefore, each data point can be with
Represent the CO at the corresponding time2Concentration.In the capnography that these data points can be graphically represented as drawing
Capnography signal or capnography waveform are (for example, CO2)。
Fig. 3 is shown to be shown in sample gas stream with the CO of time according to the embodiment of the system2The two of concentration
The figure 300 of carbonoxide figure.(it can also be referred to as two to the capnography signal 302 that DP can be represented as in time
Carbonoxide figure waveform).Exhale to rough approximation (Ep) and air-breathing (Ip) stage is marked for illustrating.For corresponding gas (example
Such as, CO2) these multiple data points can be grouped and can correspond to the sampling time (t of sampling periods to be formeds) data
Sample.
The process can use (one or more) any suitable method to analyze SGF to form CO 2 measuring
Information, it can be used by carbon dioxide drawing system etc..While it is contemplated that the embodiment of the system can detect such as
CO2、O2、N2Deng the concentration of gas, but clearly reason is in order at, concentration C O is only discussed herein2.However, according to the system
Embodiment, relative to CO2Can the execution according to as it is expected relative to other gas as the operation that process performs.Complete
After action 207, the process can continue to action 209.
During action 209, the process can perform heuristic analysis, wherein, the process can will be in sampling
Between the CO 2 measuring information analysis that obtains during (ts) be group for example to determine in the DP in CO 2 measuring information
The relative frequency of appearance of each DP during the period (for example, 120 seconds in the past) and any suitable method can be used
To form corresponding histogram information.Therefore, the process can be during sampling periods by of CO 2 measuring information
Body DP analyses is groups (for example, in the case of without reference to respiratory cycle) and can determine each DP going out within the sampling time
Existing relative frequency.According to the embodiment of the system, the sampling time can be set so that it covers at least multiple breathings
Cycle (for example, between 4-20 respiratory cycles etc., wherein, each respiratory cycle includes expiratory phase and expiration phase).Therefore,
During the action, the process can form the data set for including multiple data points, wherein, each data point corresponds to SGF
Interior selected gas is (for example, the CO in present case2) concentration detected during the sampling time.
According to the embodiment of the system, the process can be according to the appearance in group (for example, branch mailbox (bin)) (for example, logical
Over-richness) frequency DP is placed on to sampling time (for example, all DP data set) in group (for example, branch mailbox, packet etc.)
It is interior.The CO generated with reference to the embodiment shown according to the system2Histogram 400A, 400B of sample of signal Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B
Illustrate the process.These CO2Sample of signal can be represented as the DP obtained during the sampling time and can with it is all
The DP of capnography information as shown in Figure 3 is corresponding.In figure 4b, show and generated according to the embodiment of the system
CO2The histogram 400B of sample of signal.Histogram 400B includes multiple branch mailbox 402, each point in the multiple branch mailbox 402
Case has the CO that can be represented for corresponding DP2Scope width (W) and can include can be all in sampling with corresponding DP
The corresponding height of the frequency of appearance in phase.According to the embodiment of the system, the height of each branch mailbox 402 can represent respective
The sum of DP in branch mailbox.
On the sampling time, according to the embodiment of the system, the process can determine CO 2 measuring information for
Whether the period equal to sampled value can use so that can gather DP whole set of data.Therefore, titanium dioxide is determined wherein
Carbon determine information for equal to a period of sampled value it is available in the case of (for example, time elapse be equal to or more than sampling
Value), then the process can perform heuristic analysis.However, determine CO 2 measuring information for equal to sampling wherein
Value a period it is disabled in the case of (for example, time elapse is less than the sampling time), then the process can continue to collect
CO 2 measuring information so that DP whole set of data can be gathered.In this way it is possible to ensure what is satisfactorily measured
DP can be used for providing the heuristic degree of accuracy.
According to the embodiment of the system, the process can analyze the available CO 2 measuring information since monitoring
And/or run time interval (for example, newest 20 seconds etc.) can be used, it is therein each to depend on setting to define sampling
Time (for example, sampling periods).However, according to the embodiment of the system, the process can be analyzed from the desired time started
CO 2 measuring information to dwell time and/or in the desired time interval that can define the sampling time.For example, according to
The embodiment of the system, the process, which can be analyzed, represents that the carbon dioxide of nearest time interval (for example, newest 120 seconds) is surveyed
Determine information.Therefore, with reference to figure 3, it is assumed that the time started can be represented as current time (tc), and in present case, institute
Stating the sampling time can be represented by (ts)=120 second.The sampling periods can be represented as the tc-ts=tc-120 seconds.Also set
Contemplate, the process can form graphical user interface (GUI), and user can be entered using the graphical user interface (GUI)
Interaction go to set these times (for example, ts, tc etc.) according to it is expected.For example, with reference to figure 3, the process can give and use
Family provides slider bar 307 and 309, and user can slide the slider bar 307 and 309 correspondingly to select tc and ts.These when
Between can in real time be set/reset and/or can be stored in the memory of system for using later by user.So
And according to the embodiment of the system, the sampling time can be predefined and can be stored in the memory of system
And it can be obtained during initialization by the process.After execution 209, the process then proceeds to dynamic
Make 211.
During action 211, the process can perform blob detection to estimate end-tidal (Et) CO for the sampling time2
Value.The value can represent end-tidal (Et) CO for the sampling time2Average value, it includes the sampling time in present case
Multiple respiratory cycles of period.Can use suitable method (such as detection including peak 401 and peak 403 to figure and
The detection to peak is analyzed by branch mailbox) blob detection is performed according to embodiment.
For example, with reference to figure 4B, the blob detection method according to performed by the embodiment of the system can be selected with maximum number
Purpose DP branch mailbox (for example, highest or maximum branch mailbox).Therefore it is presumed that each branch mailbox has corresponding DP groups, then the process
The DP groups of maximum can be selected.According to the embodiment of the system, then the value of the DP in the group of the selection can be averaged simultaneously
And end-tidal CO2Then concentration value can be set to the result being averaging.
Therefore, according to the embodiment of the system, the process can use blob detection method in nonrecognition individual breathing week
End-tidal CO is determined in the case of phase2.According to the embodiment of the system, this can reduce system resource and wrong data, can be with
Cause the wrong data when otherwise using the conventional method that for example may mistakenly identify the individual respiratory cycle.
Therefore, the embodiment of the system can use blob detection method to detect individual respiratory cycle and/or stage
The end-tidal CO of estimation is determined in the case of (for example, expiratory phase and/or expiration phase)2Concentration value.On the contrary, according to the system
The process of embodiment can be based on the end-tidal CO from multiple respiratory cycles2Concentration value is flat during the sampling time
Average come determine estimation end-tidal CO2Concentration value and its therefore need not individually detect.
According to the embodiment of the system, determination is described for the flat of the estimation in sampling time with reference to figure 3, Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B
Equal end-tidal CO2Horizontal and air-breathing CO2Estimate method.For example, with reference to figure 4B, histogram 400B show with
DP (or the corresponding CO being grouped in the corresponding branch mailbox 402 for corresponding sampling time (ts)2Signal) number it is corresponding
The branch mailbox 402 of height.It is most of to be based on during the respiratory cycle (for example, covering expiratory phase and expiration phase) with reference to figure 3
The capnography of time includes CO during it2It is close to zero expiratory phase (Ip) and CO during it2Signal is in maximum
(end-tidal (Et)) CO2Horizontal metastable maintenance level stage (PP) nearby.Between maintenance level stage and expiratory phase
Transition period relative to other two stages (for example, expiratory phase and expiration phase) be typically it is quite brief.
With reference to figure 4A and Fig. 4 B, during normal table breathes, taken during Fixed Time Interval (for example, sampling time)
The CO obtained2The histogram of signal, which has, indicates observed CO2Each low (expiratory phase (Ip) and height (the stable water of signal value
Flat stage (PP))) characteristic peak of the substantial amounts of value at extreme value (for example, expiration phase (Ep)) place (for example, the high-frequency occurred).
According to the embodiment of the system, the process can analyze generated histogram to determine to log in the two peaks of histogram
(for example, peak 401 and peak 403 shown in two maximum branch mailbox or Fig. 4 A of branch mailbox 402 shown in Fig. 4 B) outside CO2
The relative frequency of signal value (for example, DP).In addition, the histogram can be used for without detect individual breathing or those exhale
Unstable breathing is identified in the case of the time-based property feature inhaled.
In order to perform peak selection, the process can for example analyze histogram 400A and select two tops (all
In peak 401 and 403) or analysis histogram 400B and having from the selection of all branch mailbox 402 is assigned in histogram
Its two the maximum number of DP branch mailbox 402.In the two maximum peaks (401 and 403) or branch mailbox 402, the process can
To determine which peak/branch mailbox with bigger capnography signal value (for example, flat based on the DP for example corresponded in branch mailbox 402
Average) it is corresponding and by the peak or branch mailbox be set as maintenance level stage (PP) peak (PP_Peak) and can will (one or
It is multiple) other branch mailbox 402 are set as air-breathing peak (IP_Peak).According to the embodiment of the system, the process can be determined steady
The average value of the capnography signal at level segment peak (PP_Peak) place is determined (for example, by all in the peak or branch mailbox
DP is averaging) and the value is set as end-tidal (Et) CO for the sampling time2Estimate.Similarly, the process
The average value in the capnography signal at air-breathing peak (IP_Peak) place can be determined (for example, by all in the branch mailbox
DP is averaging) and the value is set as the air-breathing CO for the sampling time2Estimated value.After execution 211,
The process can continue to action 214.
During action 214, in the case of without identifying individual breathing, the process can be unstable with identification of breathing
Period.According to the embodiment of the system, can by observe for example intermediate concentration scope (such as 15mmHg and 25mmHg it
Between) in great amount of samples and in histogram identification of breathing unstability.As identified according to the embodiment of the system, exhaling
Between inhaling amphibolia, capnography does not replace rapidly between low concentration point and high concentration spot, but in intermediate range
Kept for the period extended.
For preferable capnography, most of (>85%) DP be positioned in two peaks (IP_peak and
PP_peak).According to the embodiment of the system, the presence of the data between these peaks indicates unstable breathing.When size (tide
Tolerance) and respiratory rate change when, then the height of individual maintenance level is combined in histogram to create relatively low PP_peak
And the peak that possibility between IP_peak and PP_peak is smaller.Another source for not being the DP of the part at peak is not include surely
Fixed horizontal CO 2 measuring waveform.In this case, PP_peak is low or in the absence of IP_peak and histogram
In the maximum CO that finds2Many DP between value.As the maximum CO observed in histogram2Value is smaller than PP_peak position to be obtained
When more, then another instruction of unstable breathing is seen.In preferable histogram, in PP_peak position with being directed to such as by Nogata
DP highest CO is found in figure2The indicated maximum CO of value2Small difference between value be present.PP_peak positions and maximum DP positions it
Between high difference be unstable breathing instruction.After execution 214, the process can continue to action 215.
During action 215, the process can determine the signal belief and/or signal quality during the sampling time.
According to the embodiment of the system, such as the weighted sum according to the descriptive parameter of histogram calculation can be used come to signal quality
Scored.For example, PP_peak can be a parameter relative to the average value or peak in sampling time.PP_peak positions with most
Big value CO2Between difference can be descriptive parameter.Smaller difference instruction better quality signal.It is not IP_peak or PP_
Peak is relative to the DP's of the part in sampling time and can be another parameter.It is desirable that not any in the two peaks
DP part should be low (for example, less than 20%) in peak.Such as can be by subtracting deviant and then passing through multiplication
Parameter described in factor pair zooms in or out that each parameter in these parameters is normalized and obtained to calculate signal quality
Point.For example, when some parameters are fraction and other specification is DP difference or counting etc., normalizing can be carried out using to input
The action of change.
, can be by the way that weighted factor each will be multiplied by simultaneously in normalized descriptive parameter according to the embodiment of the system
And result summation is calculated into signal belief parameter.The weighted factor can be for example based between parameter value and signal quality
The relative length of relation select.Signal belief and/or signal quality can represent respiratory rate, respiratory capacity (tidal volume) and
End-tidal CO2How value was stablized for the sampling time is measured.
Illustratively describe below with reference to Fig. 7 to Figure 11 to determine the signal belief and/or quality for the sampling time
According to the various methods of the embodiment of the system.
For example, identification CO has shown and described with reference to figure 7A to Fig. 8 A2It is stable when waveform does not include consistent expiration
Horizontal method.This method can be referred to as percentage maintenance level method and can determine CO2Parameter quality index
(PQI).More specifically, Fig. 7 A show the normal CO including being formed according to the embodiment of the system2The carbon dioxide of waveform
A Figure 70 0A part.For clearly reason, normal capnography is considered including steady with consistent expiration
Determine the capnography signal of level 711, for example, as shown.Fig. 7 B are shown corresponding to the embodiment institute according to the system
The capnography 700A of a formation histogram 700B part.Fig. 8 A are shown including not according to the embodiment of the system
The CO of the consistent expiration maintenance level formed2The capnography 800A of a waveform part.Fig. 8 B, which are shown, to be corresponded to
The capnography 800A formed according to the embodiment of the system a histogram 800B part.Methods described can include
The algorithm of the histogram formed according to the embodiment of the system can be analyzed.The algorithm can identify for example in histogram
Threshold value (such as (maxCO will be less than2-minCO2)/2) each things regard the baseline sample of base-line data as.For example, according to reality
Apply example the algorithm can with all data in identification range (for example, peak position -5mm Hg with peak position+2mm Hg) and
It is maintenance level data by the data setting.Then percentage maintenance level can be calculated for example, 20 and be multiplied by (times) surely
Determine horizontal samples counting divided by non-baseline sample counting.According to the embodiment of the system, the algorithm for example can be every five seconds
Carry out renewal frequency (however, according to the embodiment of the system it is also contemplated that other renewal frequencies).With reference to figure 8C, feature is shown
Mapping function and the percentage that the signal in maintenance level can be illustrated.According to the embodiment of the system, illustrative CO2PQI
Weighted factor can be for example set equal to 0.25, but other weighted factors can be applied similarly.
It is contemplated that arriving, the embodiment of the system can include recognizing when the CO that there may be capnography signal2
The method of breathing to breathing difference in waveform.The Feature Mapping function generated with reference to the embodiment shown according to the system
Fig. 9 of figure 900 illustratively describes this method.Methods described can include determining such as from the stabilization of histogram calculation
Horizontal CO2(for example, maintenance level value) and the maximum CO observed during the period (such as passing by 30 seconds)2It
Between difference.The maintenance level value can be determined that than the maximum CO during previous 30 seconds2With minimum CO2Between midpoint
The higher CO occurred most frequently2Value.Any desired value, such as 5 seconds can be set to for the renewal frequency of the algorithm.This
Outside, the algorithm can use weighted factor (for example, CO2PQI weighted factor=0.25).
It should be pointed out that although illustrate above for example according to the algorithm of the embodiment of the system, but according to the system
Embodiment further contemplates other and calculates (for example, different maintenance level value calculating, weighted factor etc.).Shakiness is determined for example, working as
During fixed breathing, the algorithm can be with draw message, such as " unstable breathing ".Therefore, the parameter can be used to identify
CO2Breathing in waveform such as wherein may have for example single elevated CO to breathing difference2It is worth and waveform stabilization is horizontal
The lower situation of remainder.According to embodiment, the algorithm can contemplate during (such as previous 30 seconds) period
CO2Signal, there may be 30 seconds maintenance levels occurred most frequently during window and maximum CO2Very different probability.Stable
Capnography in, difference should be small, all such as less than 4mm Hg.When in maintenance level and maximum (for example, maximum hair
Raw CO2) between when big difference be present, this is the instruction of unstable breathing.For example, 7mm Hg or more difference can by with
In the unstable breathing of instruction.According to embodiment, bigger instruction could be used to indicate that highly unstable breathing.For example,
According to embodiment, the difference more than 10mm Hg could be used to indicate that breathing is highly unstable.
Lack jointly surely to describe to identify when capnography during the period is analyzed referring now to Figure 10 and Figure 11
Determine the method for level value.Figure 10 shows the histogram corresponding with the capnography formed according to the embodiment of the system
1000 part.Figure 11 shows the Feature Mapping function graft 1100 generated according to the embodiment of the system.Typically
For, when capnography is in transition rather than either in maintenance level or when spending out-of-proportion time at low ebb,
The value then formed according to the embodiment of the system can be low.Methods described (can such as be schemed including that can analyze histogram
Histogram shown in 10) to find the high level occurred most frequently for the maintenance level that can be used to indicate the maintenance level stage
(max) algorithm.Then, the algorithm can calculate the model between ebb (low ebb)+z and the maximum peak-z occurred position
Average histogram map values in enclosing, wherein, z=5.Then, the algorithm can be with the difference between determining maximum and midrange value, such as institute
Show.The algorithm can include the renewal frequency of such as 5 seconds.Therefore, histogram can be analyzed every 5 seconds.The calculation
The Feature Mapping function of method can be similar with that shown in Figure 11.The algorithm can include weighted factor, such as equal to
0.25.When it is determined that low tidal volumes be present, the algorithm such as " can detect low tidal volumes " with draw message.
According to the embodiment of the system, the process can also be by for the signal belief or quality of present sample time
(for example, such as can be by system and/or user compared with accordingly for the signal belief of prior sample time or quality
Selected nearest or selected by other sampling time) and determine signal trend.For example, present sample time wherein
Signal quality is confirmed as in the case of being modified, and signal quality trend indicator can be represented as such as 10/
10th, 100/100ths (s) score, "+" and/or the prominent presentation of green.On the contrary, the signal of present sample time wherein
Quality is confirmed as in the case of being not yet modified, and signal quality trend indicator can be represented as such as 1/10th, 100
/ 1 (s) score, "-" and/or red prominent presentation.Finally, the feelings of change are wherein being not detected by signal quality
Under condition, signal quality trend indicator can be represented as and previous signals mass indicator identical " 0 " score and/or grey
It is prominent to present.According to the embodiment of the system, signal belief trend indicator can be similarly determined in the process.
During action 217, the process can draw the result of the process.For example, the process can draw with
It is one or more in lower：Identified CO 2 measuring signal, end-tidal CO2Value, estimated respiratory rate, signal confidence
Degree, signal quality, signal belief trend indicator and the signal quality trend indicator for the corresponding sampling time.Example
Such as, Fig. 5 shows the figure 500 of the capnography 501 including being drawn according to the embodiment of the system.More specifically, figure
Shape 500 can include the information that is generated by the process, it is such as following in it is one or more：Capnography 501, dioxy
Change carbon figure signal 502, sampling time selection menu slider bar 504, such as including slider bar 507 and/or slider bar 509 and menu
506.Slider bar 507 and/or slider bar 509 can correspondingly be used for (for example, mobile) selection tc and ts.According to the system
Embodiment, in order to increase the sampling time, user can pull slider bar 507 to the left and slider bar 509 is set in into rightmost
Opening position.
Menu 506 can include the result of the process, such as with it is following in one or more relevant information：Moisture
Last CO2Value 508, respiratory rate 510, signal quality 512 and signal belief 514.In addition, the as indicated, He of signal quality 512
Signal belief 514 can correspondingly include the corresponding signal trend indicator 513 and 515 being illustratively shown in bracket.
According to the embodiment of the system, the system can also show and be comprised in the information-related clinical message in histogram, all
Such as message relevant with the detection period with the presence or absence of slow and/or insufficient breathing.The process can also provide according to expectation
The method that user interacts with system.Interacted thus, for example, the process can provide user with system to change ginseng
The interactivity menu (for example, user interface, UI) of number, system setting, storage information etc..For example, according to the embodiment of the system,
User can change the sampling time in real time using slider bar 507 and/or slider bar 509, as it can be desirable to.Complete to move
After making 217, the process can continue to action 219.
During action 219, the process can update System History, and the System History can be stored in system
To record the result of the process in memory.According to the embodiment of the system, the process hereafter can be with repetitive operation 207
Deng, as shown.According to the embodiment of the system, the process can terminate when detecting end signal.Such as it can lead to
User and/or system are crossed to generate end signal, such as when detecting or being otherwise indicated that the disconnection of physical interface.
Fig. 6 shows a part for the system 600 according to the embodiment of the system.For example, the part of the system can be with
Including processor 610 (for example, controller), it is operatively coupled memory 620, rendering apparatus (such as display
630), sensor 640, actuator 660, network 680 and user input equipment 670.Memory 620 can be used to store
Application data and be related to described operation other data any kind of equipment.The application data and other data
Received by processor 610 for processor 610 to be configured to (for example, programming) to perform the operational motion according to the system.This
The processor 610 of sample configuration is changed into the special purpose machinery particularly suitable for being performed according to the embodiment of the system.
User's input unit 670 can include keyboard, mouse, tracking ball or other equipment, such as touch-sensitive display, and it can be with
Be it is independent either system a part, all personal computers in this way, personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile phone (for example,
Smart phone), monitor, wearable display (for example, intelligent glasses etc.), intelligent terminal or dumb terminal or other equipment
A part, for being communicated via any exercisable link with processor 610.User input equipment 670 be able to can be grasped
Act on and interacted with including the enabled processor 610 interacted in user interface (UI), as described herein.It is clear
Ground, processor 610, memory 620, display 630 and/or user input equipment 670 can be completely or partially departments of computer science
A part for the other equipment of system or such as client and/or server.
Actuator 660 can include one or more motors, transducer etc., and it can be carried under the control of processor 610
Force is to operate SSM 160 one or more valves, blender etc..These valves can be for example including pneumatic control valve, and it can be with
The flow of one or more gases is controlled for ventilation etc..
The method of the system particularly suitable for being performed by computer software programs, such program can include with by this
System is described and/or the corresponding one or more modules of one or more of the individual step being susceptible to or action.When
So, such program can be realized in computer-readable medium, such as integrated chip, ancillary equipment or memory, such as deposit
Reservoir 620 or other memories for being coupled to processor 610.
Processor 610 can be configured to implement disclosed herein by the program and/or program part included in system 620
Method, operational motion and function.Memory can for example be distributed in client and/or server or local and processor
Between 610, wherein it is possible to provide extra processor, can also be distributed or can be single.Memory can be implemented
For any combinations of electricity, magnetically or optically memory or these or other kinds of storage device.In addition, term " memory " should
Broadly enough it is interpreted to cover from the address reading in the addressable space that can be accessed by processor 610 or write described
Any information of address.Memory 620 can include non-transient memory.Using this definition, pass through network (such as network 680)
Addressable information is remained in memory, for example, because processor 610 can retrieve information for root from network 680
According to the operation of the system.
Processor 610 is operable to respond in the input signal from user input equipment 670 and in response to network
Other equipment and control signal is provided and/or performed operates and run the instruction being stored in memory 620.Processor
610 can include it is following in it is one or more：Microprocessor, (one or more) is special or universal integrated circuit, logic are set
It is standby etc..In addition, processor 610 can be application specific processor for being performed according to the system or can be general processor,
Wherein, one of only many functions are operated for being performed according to the system.Processor 610 can utilize program part, Duo Gecheng
Sequence is segmented to operate, or can be the hardware device using special or multi-purpose integrated circuit.
Therefore, the embodiment of the system can provide enhanced gas monitoring system, such as inpatient and door
Examine the effluent CO of patient's flow and nursing2Monitoring system, it can analyze CO 2 measuring signal to determine the one of signal
Or multiple characteristics, such as signal quality, confidence level, breathing (BPM) per minute and end-tidal CO2Value.Therefore, the system
Embodiment can provide effluent CO2Monitoring system, it can for example be supervised with emergency care ventilator, family's ventilator, multi-parameter
Device etc. is surveyed to be used together.In addition, it is contemplated that arrive, these CO operated according to the embodiment of the system2Monitoring system can be by
In various medical environments, such as endoscopy, intensive care unit (ICU), operating room (OR), emergency ward, non-bed care
And/or other medical facilities.
Although the present invention, those skilled in the art has shown and described by reference to particular exemplary embodiment
It will be understood that the invention is not restricted to this, but without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, bag can be made wherein
Include the form of the combination of various features and embodiment and the various changes of details.
Other modifications of the system will easily be expected by one of ordinary skill in the art and by claims below
Comprising.
Finally, it is described above to be intended to only illustrate the system and be not construed as appended claims being limited to
One of any specific embodiment or embodiment.Therefore, although describing the system by reference to one exemplary embodiment, also
It should be appreciated that the situation of the border of the system illustrated in not departing from such as following claims and expected spirit and scope
Under, many modifications and alternative can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art.Therefore, specification and drawings will be to say
Bright property mode is treated and will be not intended to limit the scope of following claims.
When parsing claims, it should be understood that：
A) word " comprising " is not excluded for the other elements outside those in given claim or the presence of action；
B) the word "a" or "an" before element is not excluded for the presence of multiple such elements；
C) any reference in claim does not limit its scope；
D) some " devices " can be represented by the structure or function that identical items or hardware or software are realized；
E) any disclosed element can include hardware components (e.g., including discrete and integrated electronic circuit), software
Partly (for example, computer programming) and its any combinations；
F) hardware components can include one or both of analog- and digital- part；
G) unless expressly stated otherwise, otherwise any disclosed equipment or part thereof can be combined or is separated into
Other part；
H) unless specifically stated otherwise, otherwise the particular sequence of action or step is not intended to what is required；And
I) term " multiple " element includes two or more in element claimed, and does not imply any spy
Determine the element of scope number：That is, multiple element can be few as two elements, and can include the member of immeasurability number
Part；And
J) only one or multiple possible needs that term and/or its composition are understood to mean in listed element are fitted
Ground is closed to be present in according in claim record and the system according to one or more embodiments of the system.
Claims (21)
1. a kind of gas concentration monitoring system (100,600), including：
Processor (110,610), it is configured as：
Detect the concentration of the selected gas in the sample gas stream obtained from the physical interface (107) to patient (101)；
Being formed includes the data set of multiple data points, the selected gas that each data point corresponds in the sample gas stream
The concentration detected during the sampling time；
The data point is grouped according to the frequency of appearance of the data point within the sampling time；And
Determined based on the relative nature between group of data points at least one in signal belief and signal quality.
2. gas concentration monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, the processor is configured as to the data point
It is grouped, wherein, different range of each packet corresponding to the concentration of the selected gas.
3. gas concentration monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, the processor is configured as being based on being present in institute
The relative number for stating the data point in group of data points is described at least one in signal belief and signal quality to determine.
4. gas concentration monitoring system according to claim 1, in addition to it is coupled to the rendering apparatus of the processor
(130,630), wherein, the processor is configured as that the group of data points is plotted as into histogram on the rendering apparatus.
5. gas concentration monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, the processor is configured as identifying two data
Point group, described two group of data points accordingly have the maximum number of data point and time big figure among the group of data points
Data point.
6. gas concentration monitoring system according to claim 5, wherein, the processor is configured to determine that described two
The number of data point between group of data points, and be configured as determining signal confidence based on the number of identified data point
It is described at least one in degree and signal quality.
7. gas concentration monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, the interval in the sampling time is covered at least multiple
Respiratory cycle, each respiratory cycle include expiratory phase and expiration phase or the period of at least 20 seconds, and whichever can be by
It is defined as occurring first.
8. gas concentration monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, the physical interface includes nasal intubation or mask
(108), it is arranged to be coupled to the patient.
9. gas concentration monitoring system according to claim 1, in addition to pneumatic system (103), the pneumatic system by
The processor is controlled to provide ventilation gas mixture to the physical interface for being sucked by the patient.
10. a kind of method for monitoring capnography signal, including：
Detect the concentration of the selected gas in the sample gas stream obtained from the physical interface (107) to patient；
Being formed includes the data set of multiple data points, the selected gas that each data point corresponds in the sample gas stream
The concentration detected during the sampling time；
The data point is grouped according to the frequency of appearance of the data point within the sampling time；And
Determined based on the relative nature between group of data points at least one in signal belief and signal quality.
11. according to the method for claim 10, wherein, the action being grouped to the data point includes following action：
The different range of concentration based on the selected gas is grouped to the data point.
12. according to the method for claim 10, wherein it is determined that described at least one in signal belief and signal quality
Action include following action：It is determined that the relative number for the data point being present in the group of data points.
13. the method according to claim 11, including following action：On the rendering apparatus (130,630) by described in
Group of data points is plotted as histogram.
14. the method according to claim 11, including following action：Identify two group of data points, described two data points
Organize the accordingly data point with the maximum number of data point among the group of data points and time big figure.
15. the method according to claim 11, including following action：Determine the data point between described two group of data points
Number, wherein it is determined that at least one action in signal belief and signal quality data point based on determined by
Number.
16. according to the method for claim 10, wherein, at least multiple respiratory cycles are covered at the interval in the sampling time,
Each respiratory cycle includes expiratory phase and expiration phase or the period of at least 20 seconds, and whichever can be confirmed as first
Occur.
It is used to operate on computer (160,600) for performing the method for monitoring capnography signal 17. one kind has
Computer readable program code computer-readable non-transitory media (720), methods described includes following action：
Detect the concentration of the selected gas in the sample gas stream obtained from the physical interface (107) to patient (101)；
Being formed includes the data set of multiple data points, the selected gas that each data point corresponds in the sample gas stream
The concentration detected during the sampling time；
The data point is grouped according to the frequency of appearance of the data point within the sampling time；And
Determined based on the relative nature between the group of data points at least one in signal belief and signal quality.
18. medium according to claim 17, wherein, the action being grouped to the data point includes following action：
The different range of concentration based on the selected gas is grouped to the data point.
19. medium according to claim 17, wherein it is determined that described at least one in signal belief and signal quality
Action include following action：It is determined that the relative number for the data point being present in the group of data points.
20. medium according to claim 17, methods described includes following action：Two group of data points of identification, described two
Individual group of data points accordingly has the data point of the maximum number of data point and time big figure among the group of data points.
21. medium according to claim 20, methods described includes following action：Determine between described two group of data points
Data point number, wherein it is determined that at least one action in signal belief and signal quality is based on being determined
Data point number.
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| US62/098,367 | 2014-12-31 | ||
| PCT/IB2015/059652 WO2016108121A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2015-12-16 | System for performing histogram analysis of the time-based capnography signals and method of operation thereof |
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| EP (1) | EP3240478B1 (en) |
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| US10909177B1 (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2021-02-02 | Workday, Inc. | Percentile determination system |
| SG11202004017XA (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2020-06-29 | Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Ltd | Respiratory rate monitoring for respiratory flow therapy systems |
| DE112017008197T5 (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2020-07-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Display control device, display system, display device, display method and display program |
| CN109621121B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2022-03-15 | 北京谊安医疗系统股份有限公司 | Detection method and detection system for mechanical control ventilation state |
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| JP6865686B2 (en) | 2021-04-28 |
| EP3240478A1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
| CN107427259B (en) | 2021-03-16 |
| EP3240478B1 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
| JP2018501883A (en) | 2018-01-25 |
| US20170367620A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
| US10869614B2 (en) | 2020-12-22 |
| WO2016108121A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
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