CN107425746A - 一种基于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法 - Google Patents

一种基于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法 Download PDF

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CN107425746A
CN107425746A CN201710838991.4A CN201710838991A CN107425746A CN 107425746 A CN107425746 A CN 107425746A CN 201710838991 A CN201710838991 A CN 201710838991A CN 107425746 A CN107425746 A CN 107425746A
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CN107425746B (zh
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蒋玮
薛帅
张磊
严学庆
邓曙光
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JIANGSU OLITER ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/497Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode sinusoidal output voltages being obtained by combination of several voltages being out of phase
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53875Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53875Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
    • H02M7/53876Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output based on synthesising a desired voltage vector via the selection of appropriate fundamental voltage vectors, and corresponding dwelling times

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法,所述级联型混合储能系统包括变换单元、电池储能单元和超级电容储能。首先确定超级电容电压,然后根据级联H桥输出电压定义开关状态,采样电池、电容端电压和负载电流,将输出电压的状态矢量按照电压从小到大的关系排列在数轴上;在数轴上选取合适的开关矢量等效合成输出电压,并计算确定两个矢量的作用时间;最后,利用上述计算得到的各H桥开关状态以及作用时间,控制各H桥开关元件的导通或关断,实现空间矢量调制。本发明通降低了输出电压、电流的谐波,提高了变换器的功率、电压等级,实现混合储能系统的电容电压控制,充分结合功率型与能量型两种储能元件的优势。

Description

一种基于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法
技术领域
本发明属于新能源储能技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法。
背景技术
级联多电平拓扑具有可扩展、电能质量好、冗余度高和可无变压器直接并网等特点,但是当其应用于混合储能系统时,由于链节间的串联关系,使得不同储能元件的不对称控制成为一个关键点和难点,现有不同储能元件通过级联多电平形成直流再逆变的方案会导致开关器件数量多,系统控制复杂同时损耗大、效率低,因此,混合储能系统PCS链式拓扑在结构和控制方法上仍有创新的空间。
虽然目前学者有提出基于单电源供电的级联多电平拓扑,然而一个能量型储能元件难以支撑储能系统储能容量的需求和电压需求,而传统的电池级联储能系统难以满足系统输出功率需求,并且目前级联多电平变换器的PWM调制方法,如多载波PWM调制、阶梯波调制(SW-PWM)和特定谐波消除调制(SHE-PWM)都不直接适用于直流侧电压不平等的混合储能系统,因此,需要设计一种适用于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法,可以满足系统容量、输出电压与输出功率的需求。
发明内容
发明目的:针对上述现有存在的问题和不足,本发明的目的是提供了一种基于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法。
技术方案:为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种基于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法,所述混合储能系统由电池储能单元和超级电容储能单元组合而成,所述电池储能单元和超级电容储能单元的采用级联H桥作为变换单元,所述空间矢量控制方法包括以下步骤:
(1)首先,根据系统功率和电压需求你,确定各个储能单元的参考电压以满足输出电压和功率的需求;
(2)然后,通过采样各个储能单元电压vi和负载电流I0,建立级联H桥输出电压的一维坐标轴,将采样得到的电容电压vi与步骤(1)中确定的各个储能单元的参考电压进行比较,确定各个储能单元的电压升降趋势;同时根据负载电流流向,筛除一维坐标轴中不符合超级电容升降趋势的开关状态;
(3)提取级联H桥的输出电压瞬时值并选取一维坐标轴上邻近的两个一维矢量,在一个计算周期内确定该两个一维矢量的作用时间;
(4)最后,根据步骤(3)中确定开关矢量及其作用时间,控制各H桥开关元件的导通或关断,实现级联混合储能系统的空间矢量调制。
作为优选,所述混合储能系统由两个电池储能单元和两个超级电容储能单元组成2+2级联型混合储能系统。
进一步的,步骤(1)中仅对超级电容的参考电压进行确定。这是由于电池储能单元的电压变化不大。
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述超级电容单元的参考电压,通过式1确定:
式中,Pref为超级电容单元的参考功率,为第i个超级电容单元的初始电压,upeak为输出参考电压峰值,T为该功率下的工作时间。
进一步的,所述H桥输出电压Vci,0,+Vci分别对应状态Si定义为-1,0,1;令级联H桥输出电压为vo,则vo的计算式为:
v0(t)=S1Vc1+S2Vc2+S3Vc3+S4Vc4
定义Si+1为第i个H桥的开关状态,则可用H桥的开关状态描述级联H桥的输出电压。例如,状态0102表示H桥1输出电压为-Vbt1,H桥2输出电压为0,H桥3输出电压为-Vc3,H桥4输出电压为Vc4,此时vo为-Vbt1-Vc3+Vc4。将这些开关状态矢量按照输出电压从小到大的关系排列在原始一维数轴上,即为所述一维坐标轴。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述筛除一维坐标轴中不符合超级电容升降趋势的开关状态的具体办法如下:当电容电压采样值大于预设值,删除一维坐标轴上使得电容电压上升的矢量;当电容电压采样值小于预设值,删除一维坐标轴上使得电容电压下降的矢量,进而得到经过筛选的一维坐标轴。
进一步的,步骤(4)的具体步骤如下:首先获取输出参考电压瞬时值与一维坐标轴的位置进行对应,选取该位置左右两侧的开关矢量,则在一个计算周期T中确定两个矢量A1B1C1D1和A2B2C2D2的作用时间,用时间段T内的输出电压的平均值等效合成输出电压计算公式如下;
T=t1+t2
式中为在时间t1内开关状态为A1B1C1D1时对应的输出电压,为在t2时间内开关状态为A2B2C2D2时对应的输出电压。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明提供的一种一种适用于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法,适用于含有2个蓄电池单元与2个超级电容单元的级联型混合储能系统;通过对超级电容单元充放电状态的控制,使超级电容器达到设定电压值,不仅可以提高系统输出电压等级和输出功率,输出电压电平数的增多也会降低输出电压电流的谐波。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述基于级联型混合储能系统空间矢量调制流程图。
图2为本发明所述2+2级联型混合储能系统电路拓扑图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围,在阅读了本发明之后,本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。
如图1~2示,为方便对本发明作进一步说明,设定2个电池单元电压Vbt1=Vbt2=E,2个超级电容初始电压为Vc3=0.3E,Vc4=0.6E。
(1)如图1所示,首先获取当前系统功率指令及参考电压,计算两个电容电压参考值V3,V4,表达式为:
其中,Pref为电容单元参考功率,ui0为第i个单元初始电压,upeak为输出参考电压峰值,T为在该功率下工作时间。
(2)采样储能元件电压Vbt1、Vbt2、Vc3、Vc4,根据采样的电压值,计算在不同开关状态下级联H桥的输出电压,可知共有34=81种状态,在数轴上按照电压从小到大的顺序排列这81个状态矢量。
(3)假定计算出来的电压参考值为V3=V4=0.5E,可知电容Vc3的初始值低于设定值,电容Vc4的初始值高于设定值,故所有使Vc3下降,Vc4上升的矢量应该被移除出步骤(2)的一维坐标轴,当Io>0时,第3位状态为“0”,第四位为“2”的状态矢量应该被从一维坐标轴中删除,当Io≤0时,第3位状态为“2”,第四位为“0”的状态矢量应该被从一维坐标轴中删除。将输出电压参考值v* ref对应到已筛选的坐标轴,选择坐标轴上邻近v* ref的两个矢量A1B1C1D1和A2B2C2D2用来合成v* ref
(4)根据步骤(3)中,筛选出的矢量,利用以下计算公式,计算各矢量在一个周期T内的作用时间:
T=t1+t2
式中,VA1B1C1D1为在t1时间内开关状态为A1B1C1D1时对应的输出电压,开VA2B2C2D2为在t2时间内开关状态为A2B2C2D2时对应的输出电压。
(5)根据步骤(3)、(4)中计算得到的开关矢量和其作用时间,生成对应H桥开关器件的PWM波,实现2+2级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量调制。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法,所述混合储能系统由电池储能单元和超级电容储能单元组合而成,所述电池储能单元和超级电容储能单元的采用级联H桥作为变换单元,所述空间矢量控制方法包括以下步骤:
(1)首先,根据系统功率和电压需求你,确定各个储能单元的参考电压以满足输出电压和功率的需求;
(2)然后,通过采样各个储能单元电压vi和负载电流I0,建立级联H桥输出电压的一维坐标轴,将采样得到的电容电压vi与步骤(1)中确定的各个储能单元的参考电压进行比较,确定各个储能单元的电压升降趋势;同时根据负载电流流向,筛除一维坐标轴中不符合超级电容升降趋势的开关状态;
(3)提取级联H桥的输出电压瞬时值并选取一维坐标轴上邻近的两个一维矢量,在一个计算周期内确定该两个一维矢量的作用时间;
(4)最后,根据步骤(3)中确定开关矢量及其作用时间,控制各H桥开关元件的导通或关断,实现级联混合储能系统的空间矢量调制。
2.根据权利要求1所述基于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法,其特征在于:所述混合储能系统由两个电池储能单元和两个超级电容储能单元组成2+2级联型混合储能系统。
3.根据权利要求2所述基于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中仅对超级电容的参考电压进行确定。这是由于电池储能单元的电压变化不大。
4.根据权利要求3所述基于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述超级电容单元的参考电压,通过式1确定:
<mrow> <mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <munder> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </munder> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;GreaterEqual;</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow>
式中,Pref为超级电容单元的参考功率,为第i个超级电容单元的初始电压,upeak为输出参考电压峰值,T为该功率下的工作时间。
5.根据权利要求3所述基于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法,其特征在于:所述H桥输出电压Vci,0,+Vci分别对应状态Si定义为-1,0,1;令级联H桥输出电压为vo,则vo的计算式为:
v0(t)=S1Vc1+S2Vc2+S3Vc3+S4Vc4
定义Si+1为第i个H桥的开关状态,则可用H桥的开关状态描述级联H桥的输出电压。
6.根据权利要求3所述基于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述筛除一维坐标轴中不符合超级电容升降趋势的开关状态的具体办法如下:当电容电压采样值大于预设值,删除一维坐标轴上使得电容电压上升的矢量;当电容电压采样值小于预设值,删除一维坐标轴上使得电容电压下降的矢量,进而得到经过筛选的一维坐标轴。
7.根据权利要求6所述基于级联型混合储能系统的空间矢量控制方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)的具体步骤如下:首先获取输出参考电压瞬时值与一维坐标轴的位置进行对应,选取该位置左右两侧的开关矢量,则在一个计算周期T中确定两个矢量A1B1C1D1和A2B2C2D2的作用时间,用时间段T内的输出电压的平均值等效合成输出电压计算公式如下;
<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> <mo>*</mo> </msubsup> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow>
T=t1+t2
式中为在时间t1内开关状态为A1B1C1D1时对应的输出电压,为在t2时间内开关状态为A2B2C2D2时对应的输出电压。
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