CN107418551A - A kind of skeleton proppant for realizing macrovoid passage and its uneven spread method - Google Patents
A kind of skeleton proppant for realizing macrovoid passage and its uneven spread method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107418551A CN107418551A CN201710443887.5A CN201710443887A CN107418551A CN 107418551 A CN107418551 A CN 107418551A CN 201710443887 A CN201710443887 A CN 201710443887A CN 107418551 A CN107418551 A CN 107418551A
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- proppant
- skeleton
- passage
- spheroid
- fracturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of skeleton proppant for realizing macrovoid passage and its uneven spread method, including proppant particles skeleton, described proppant particles skeleton profile is spherical, three cylindrical channels orthogonal and through spheroid are provided with spheroid centered on the centre of sphere of spheroid, fracturing fibre is filled with the proppant particles skeleton, degradable polymer is provided with the port of the cylindrical channel cylindrical channel port is blocked.After degradable polymer degraded of the present invention, go out stratum with fracturing fluid recovery (backflow), internal fiber is released, form network structure, make the uneven laying of proppant, the effect of passage pressure break is formed, finally the flow conductivity in the penetrating duct of the passage between the proppant of uneven laying and proppant lower portion can increase by 10~30 times than the flow conductivity of conventional pressure break.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of skeleton proppant for realizing macrovoid passage and its uneven spread method, belong to oil gas
The technical field of field exploitation.
Background technology
China's hyposmosis, Ultra low permeability reservoir are widely distributed, and most of Low permeable oil and gas reservoirs change without reservoir stimulation
Make and be difficult to obtain industrial oil gas, the well stimulation for carrying out oil-gas reservoir at present is mainly hydraulic fracturing technology.The purpose of hydraulic fracturing
It is to establish the flow path from stratum to pit shaft, improves Oil ＆ Gas Productivity.Conventional fracturing technique generally use proppant filling is split
Seam, keep crack to open, make crack that there is higher flow conductivity, so as to establish effective production passage.Therefore in waterpower pressure
In splitting, the flow conductivity that laying of the proppant in crack is increased plays vital effect.
At present in the pressure break of oil field at home scene, many work progress are filled out using the direct fracture of conventional proppants
Fill, so compared to primitive arts, its flow conductivity improves much really.For example, Chinese patent document CN105315985A
(application number：) a kind of hollow ceramsite propping agent and preparation method are disclosed, by anchracite duff crushing grinding, do globulate seed；
Mixed in proportion after various raw materials in addition to anchracite duff are distinguished into crushing grinding, using the spherical seed of anchracite duff as seed,
Balling-up in bowling machine；By screening, dry, obtained a kind of hollow ceramsite propping agent after calcining, in the hollow ceramsite propping agent
The heart is hollow structure.Although this proppant has hollow structure, the passage of oil gas water conservancy diversion still exists only in proppant
Between gap, and fracturing liquid rubber-breaking residue, proppant crushed particles block duct after so that the flow conductivity in crack is big
Big to reduce, the fracture permeabgility that well testing measures after pressure usually can only achieve 1/10th of laboratory, or even 1 percent.
In recent years, occurs a kind of high-speed channel fracturing technique both at home and abroad, the difference of the technology and conventional pressure break is to change
The laying form of the proppant become in crack, conventional uniform is laid and is changed into scattered laying heterogeneous.Man-made fracture is by crowd
" pillar " support more as bridge pier, is formed unimpeded " passage " between pillar and pillar, and numerous " passages " forms network, from
And the form that numerous gaps are included in large fracture is realized, oil and gas flow ability is drastically increased, so being referred to as by image
For " high-speed channel " fracturing technology.Shortcoming is mainly conventional proppants and the fiber that it is used, and fiber is in carrying process, easily
Crack duct is blocked, in crack depths proppant can not be prevented to settle.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, conventional branch is used in the especially existing non-homogeneous fracturing technique for laying proppant
Support agent and fiber, caused fiber easy the defects of blocking crack duct and preventing proppant from settling, present invention in carrying process
A kind of skeleton proppant for realizing macrovoid passage and its uneven spread method are provided.The present invention changes conventional proppant
Graininess physical form, form a kind of proppant framework of skeletal like, in the frame the polymer that can degrade automatically of filling and
The mixture of fracturing fibre, by changing polymer-filled density, you can change the density of integrated support agent, ensure proppant
Suspension in different densities fracturing fluid.Behind proppant injection crack, under the conditions of stratum high-temperature, polymer is degraded and released automatically
Fracturing fibre in combination is released, fiber forms network structure in crack, is advantageous to support the formation of bolus, realizes support
The uneven laying of agent, form high-speed channel pressure break.After the polymer of degraded is with fracturing fluid recovery (backflow), remaining proppant frame
Frame can also be laid in the earth formation well, and the inside of proppant framework also forms the high permeability path for being available for oil gas water conservancy diversion.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of skeleton proppant for realizing macrovoid passage, including proppant particles skeleton, described proppant particles
Skeleton profile is spherical, be provided with centered on the centre of sphere of spheroid in spheroid three it is orthogonal and through spheroid
Cylindrical channel, fracturing fibre is filled with the proppant particles skeleton, is set at the port of the cylindrical channel
There is degradable polymer to block cylindrical channel port.
, according to the invention it is preferred to, the thickness blocked to cylindrical channel port is 20 points of proppant diameter
One of to 1/10th.Proppant particles skeletal internal cavity is close to hollow state.
, according to the invention it is preferred to, the radiuses of three described cylindrical channels is 1/5th of radius of sphericity to arrive
1/3rd；Preferably, described proppant particle diameter is 5~40 mesh, more than conventional proppants particle diameter.
, according to the invention it is preferred to, using the volume summation of proppant particles framework, degradable polymer and fracturing fibre as
Proppant cumulative volume is (i.e.：Whole spheroid volume), the volume of described proppant particles skeleton accounts for the 50%- of proppant cumulative volume
80%, described degradable polymer accounts for the 5%-10% of proppant cumulative volume, and internal cavities account for cumulative volume 15%~40%.
, according to the invention it is preferred to, the apparent density of described proppant particles skeleton is 1.6-2.7g/cm3；
Preferably, the apparent density of described degradable polymer is 1.1-1.35g/cm3；
Preferably, fill fracturing fibre and to cylindrical channel port block the apparent density of back skeleton formula proppant
For 1.2-2.6g/cm3。
, according to the invention it is preferred to, the material of described proppant particles skeleton is ceramics, metal or glass；
Preferably, described degradable polymer be PEO, PPOX, the acrylic acid of water reproducibility, water
The phenoxy resin of reproducibility, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, the grafting of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate are total to
Polymers, polyactide, polyglycolic acid or PVOH lactic acid；
Preferably, described fracturing fibre is glass fibre or vinal.
The method for building up of skeleton proppant internal gutter of the present invention is：It is origin in the centre of sphere of spheroid, establishes one
Orthogonal X-Y-Z three-axis references, along the direction of reference axis, three cylinder passages are removed being scratched inside proppant, i.e.,
Three penetrating holes are formed, the cylinder radius of removal is 1st/1 to three/5ths of radius of sphericity.
According to the present invention, the uneven spread method of above-mentioned skeleton proppant, including step are as follows：
(1) when pressure break starts, prepad fluid is pumped into stratum, stratum is formed the crack of one fixed width and length；
(2) load fluid of the skeleton proppant of the present invention is blended with 3~10m3/ min discharge capacity is pumped into stratum, with branch
The fracture geometry formed is supportted, that is, completes the uneven laying of skeleton proppant.
According to the spread method of the present invention, it is preferred that account for the body of total load fluid volume in step (2) with skeleton proppant
The ratio between fraction is sand ratio, and described sand ratio is 40%-80%.
After degradable polymer degraded in the skeleton proppant of the present invention is melted, carry out returning drainage with fracturing fluid and.
It is released with the fracturing fibre together with mixed with polymers, deviates from and enter in crack from proppant inside, form netted knot
Structure, play the role of necessarily to suppress proppant sedimentation, and make proppant clustering agglomerating, fuel feeding conductance stream is also formed between group and group
Passage, that is, realize high-speed channel pressure break.It is whole spherical before degradable polymer is undegraded in the skeleton proppant of the present invention
Proppant particles enter in formation fracture with load fluid, similar to conventional pressure break, depolymerization in particle is melted
Afterwards, the row of returning rapidly, leaves behind particle framework and fiber is stayed in stratum, form the state of uneven laying in the earth formation.Split
After seam closure, the flow-guiding channel of formation is formed by two：The penetrating duct inside passage and proppant between proppant particles.
The features of the present invention and advantage：
1st, skeleton proppant of the invention is mutually perpendicular to 3 cylindrical channels of distribution, is evenly distributed, stress balance,
When being squeezed in crack, it is unlikely to deform broken；Share 6 eyelets in appearance in spherical proppant skeleton, in the earth formation with
Ensure that at least 2 eyelets are connected with exterior space, ensure that each proppant during adjacent proppant compact arrangement
Grain lower portion can fuel feeding gas pass through.If cylindrical channel is more than 3, the mechanical property of proppant, structure can not be kept
It is not firm.
2nd, the present invention is filled in skeleton proppant bone using the characteristic of the degradable feature and low-density of partial polymer
The outer section in frame aperture road, integrated support agent is injected into formation fracture with load fluid.After the depolymerization for blocking proppant, pressure
Grain skeleton can be overflowed by splitting fiber, be diffused into outside generation network structure, be advantageous to the uneven laying of proppant, so as to be formed
High-speed channel pressure break.
3rd, the present invention selects suitable degradable polymer, reduces the close of integrated support agent according to the collocation with fracturing fluid
Degree, during using highdensity fracturing fluid, then using highdensity polymer, using the fracturing fluid of low-density, then using low-density
Polymer；The density of the degradable polymer of selection is about in 1.1~1.35g/cm3Between, it is close far below proppant skeleton
Degree.The low-density characteristic of polymer so that proppant is more easy to suspend in load fluid, not free settling in way of migrating, proppant
It is more easy to enter crack deep.It is spherical in shape to overally support agent particle, compared to simple grain skeleton, is more easy to as load fluid is carried out
Migration.
4th, after degradable polymer degraded of the present invention, stratum is gone out with fracturing fluid recovery (backflow), internal fiber is released, and is formed
Network structure, make the uneven laying of proppant, form the effect of passage pressure break, finally the passage between the proppant of uneven laying
It can increase by 10~30 times than the flow conductivity of conventional pressure break with the flow conductivity in the penetrating duct of proppant lower portion.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1：For the schematic appearance of the skeleton proppant skeleton of the present invention.
Fig. 2：For sectional view of the skeleton proppant skeleton of the present invention after 1/8th volumes of spheroid are removed.
Fig. 3：After the skeleton proppant degradable polymer degraded of the present invention, proppant skeleton is in formation fracture
Lay design sketch.Wherein, the 1 support bolus to be intertwined and connected together by fiber, 2 be fiber, and 3 be the direction of oil gas circulation.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to embodiment and Figure of description, but not limited to this.
Embodiment 1-8：
A kind of skeleton proppant for realizing macrovoid passage, including proppant particles skeleton, described proppant particles
Skeleton profile is spherical, be provided with centered on the centre of sphere of spheroid in spheroid three it is orthogonal and through spheroid
Cylindrical channel, fracturing fibre is filled in the proppant particles skeleton, is provided with the port of the cylindrical channel
Degradable polymer blocks to cylindrical channel port, proppant particles internal cavities close to hollow state, closure
Between thickness is 1st/10 to ten/20ths of proppant diameter.
The mode of establishing of cylindrical channel is：A three-axis reference is established in ball centre, along the direction of pole axis,
Removed inside proppant, that is, form three penetrating holes, the cylinder radius of removal is 1 to the three/5ths of radius of sphericity
/ mono-.The schematic appearance of proppant skeleton is as shown in figure 1, from figure 1 it appears that the punching of proppant skeleton is three
Individual, along three orthogonal pole axis, the intersection point of pole axis is in the centre of sphere, stabilized structure and uniform force.
Using the volume summation of proppant particles framework, degradable polymer and fracturing fibre as proppant cumulative volume (i.e.：It is whole
Individual spheroid volume), the volume of described proppant particles skeleton accounts for the 50%-80% of proppant cumulative volume, and described is degradable
Polymer accounts for the 5%-10% of proppant cumulative volume, and internal cavities account for cumulative volume 15%~40%.
The material of proppant skeleton in embodiment 1-8, the material of degradable polymer, fracturing fibre material, skeleton branch
Grain diameter and the apparent density for supportting agent are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Embodiment 9-11
As described in Example 1, unlike：
Proppant selection mesh number is respectively 20 mesh, 30 mesh, 40 mesh, and stock is all made up of haydite, skeleton proppant
The internal diameter of passage is 1/3rd of integrated support agent internal diameter；Fracturing fibre is polyvinyl alcohol, density 1.2g/cm3, with poly- second
After enol fracturing fibre is filled into skeleton proppant, closure access port is carried out with PEO；Skeleton proppant is total
The density of body is 1.3g/cm3。
Embodiment 12：
A kind of uneven spread method for the skeleton proppant for realizing macrovoid passage, including step are as follows：
(1) when pressure break starts, prepad fluid is pumped into stratum, stratum is formed the crack of one fixed width and length；
(2) load fluid for the skeleton proppant being blended with described in embodiment 1-8 is with 3~10m3/ min discharge capacity is pumped into
Stratum, to support the fracture geometry formed, that is, complete the uneven laying of skeleton proppant.
It is sand ratio to account for the ratio between volume fraction of total load fluid volume in the present embodiment with skeleton proppant, described sand ratio
For 50%.
After degradable polymer degraded is melted, carry out returning drainage with fracturing fluid and.It is blended in degradable polymer
Fracturing fibre together is released, and is deviate from and is entered in crack from proppant inside, forms network structure, there is certain suppression branch
The effect of agent sedimentation is supportted, and makes proppant clustering agglomerating, the passage of fuel feeding conductance stream is also formed between group and group.Design sketch is such as
Shown in Fig. 3.From figure 3, it can be seen that oil gas can be from any direction by ball interior duct, so as to greatly improve infiltration
Rate.
Test example
Using conventional proppants as contrast, testing example 9-11 proppant and the flow conductivity of conventional proppants, specifically
Experimental method it is as follows：
(1) discharge capacity is tested
Experiment is set to 50L/min, opened using small displacement pump filling load fluid and middle displacement fluid, the pump discharge of the two
Visual flat board crack device does not apply clossing pressure during the beginning, and slit width is arranged to 8mm.
(2) viscosity of fracturing fluid
The viscosity of fracturing fluid is mainly influenced by temperature, and the experimental provision is adapted to be tested at normal temperatures.Match somebody with somebody in experiment
The fracturing fluid base fluid viscosity of system is 1mPas.
(3) sand ratio
Volume fraction of the sand than accounting for total load fluid volume for proppant.The sand ratio for selecting the experiment is 80%.In polyethylene
A period of time after alkoxide polymer is degraded under the high temperature conditions, start to test flow conductivity, as a result as shown in table 2.
Table 2
As can be seen from Table 1, the proppant that embodiment 9,10,11 fills in crack is more than conventional proppants in comparative example
More, because the hollow-core construction of skeleton proppant uniqueness so that global density is lighter, it is easier to is carried, so energy
The amount enough entered in crack is more；And the flow conductivity of embodiment 9,10,11 is bigger than comparative example, because closure skeleton
After the depolymerization in formula proppant duct, fiber discharge, it is wrapped on proppant, further prevents proppant from settling so that
Being retained between proppant has certain passage, and proppant is internally formed hollow-core construction, also provides internal huge passage.With
It is higher the mesh number of proppant, that is, particle diameter is smaller, caused Jamin effect is more serious, reduces flow conductivity.Thus
It seems that big skeleton of particle diameter possesses the flow conductivity higher than conventional proppants.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of skeleton proppant for realizing macrovoid passage, including proppant particles skeleton, it is characterised in that described branch
It is spherical to support agent grain skeleton profile, be provided with centered on the centre of sphere of spheroid in spheroid three it is orthogonal and pass through
The cylindrical channel of spheroid is worn, fracturing fibre is filled with the proppant particles skeleton, at the end of the cylindrical channel
Degradable polymer is provided with mouthful to block cylindrical channel port.
2. skeleton proppant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness blocked to cylindrical channel port
Spend for 1st/10 to ten/20ths of proppant diameter.
3. skeleton proppant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the radius of three described cylindrical channels is equal
For 1st/1 to three/5ths of radius of sphericity.
4. skeleton proppant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described proppant particle diameter is 5~40 mesh.
5. skeleton proppant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that with proppant particles framework, degradable polymerization
The volume summation of thing and fracturing fibre is proppant cumulative volume, and the volume of described proppant particles skeleton accounts for proppant cumulative volume
50%-80%, described degradable polymer accounts for the 5%-10% of proppant cumulative volume, internal cavities account for cumulative volume 15%~
40%.
6. skeleton proppant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the apparent density of described proppant particles skeleton
For 1.6-2.7g/cm3；
The apparent density of described degradable polymer is 1.1-1.35g/cm3；
The apparent density filled fracturing fibre and carry out blocking back skeleton formula proppant to cylindrical channel port is 1.2-2.6g/
cm3。
7. skeleton proppant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the material of described proppant particles skeleton is
Ceramics, metal or glass.
8. skeleton proppant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described degradable polymer is polycyclic oxygen second
Alkane, PPOX, the acrylic acid of water reproducibility, the phenoxy resin of water reproducibility, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate
The graft copolymer of ester, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, polyactide, polyglycolic acid or PVOH lactic acid；
Described fracturing fibre is glass fibre or vinal.
9. the uneven spread method of the skeleton proppant described in claim any one of 1-8, including step are as follows：
(1) when pressure break starts, prepad fluid is pumped into stratum, stratum is formed the crack of one fixed width and length；
(2) load fluid for the skeleton proppant being blended with described in claim any one of 1-8 is with 3~10m3/ min discharge capacity
Stratum is pumped into, to support the fracture geometry formed, that is, completes the uneven laying of skeleton proppant.
10. spread method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that accounted in step (2) with skeleton proppant and always take sand
The ratio between volume fraction of liquid product is sand ratio, and described sand ratio is 40%-80%.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN108708707A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of hills formula spread method of magnetic support agent and application |
| CN109372489A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-02-22 | 青岛大地新能源技术研究院 | A method of high-speed channel is realized by autohemagglutination proppant |
| CN109971455A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of forming method of high-speed channel pressure break self aggregation proppant column |
| CN113182489A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-30 | 奈曼旗忠義砂产业有限公司 | Precoated sand and preparation method thereof |
| CN115820229A (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-03-21 | 新疆格瑞迪斯石油技术股份有限公司 | Bridging plugging agent and use method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109971455A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of forming method of high-speed channel pressure break self aggregation proppant column |
| CN108708707A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of hills formula spread method of magnetic support agent and application |
| CN109372489A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-02-22 | 青岛大地新能源技术研究院 | A method of high-speed channel is realized by autohemagglutination proppant |
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| CN115820229A (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-03-21 | 新疆格瑞迪斯石油技术股份有限公司 | Bridging plugging agent and use method thereof |
| CN115820229B (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-08-18 | 新疆格瑞迪斯石油技术股份有限公司 | Bridging plugging agent and use method thereof |
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