CN106605038A - Compound cluster placement in fractures - Google Patents

Abstract

Compound cluster placement in fractures. A fracture treatment method includes forming propped regions having a larger coverage area than channels between the propped regions, and channelizing the propped regions in situ. Also disclosed are systems to treat a fracture interval and to produce reservoir fluids from a formation.

Description

Compound cluster arrangement in crack

Related request for data

Nothing.

Background technology

The statement of this part only provides relevant background information disclosed by the invention and may not constitute prior art.

Pressure break is used to increase the permeability of subsurface formations.Fracturing fluid is implanted through in the pit shaft of subsurface formations.To prop up Support agent (proppant) is injected in crack to keep distance between sides of fracture in closure, and thus provides withdrawn fluid, such as The liquid guide flow of oil, gas or water and the extraction of improvement property.

Proppant can form flow-guiding channel with cluster form heterogeneous body arrangement around proppant cluster.But, crack The imappropriate arrangement of proppant particles is likely to result in the flow conductivity in the risk of sand plug or reduction crack in pit shaft before closure.Example Such as, if passage is too wide and/or proppant cluster insufficient strength, crack may cave in or fracture width may be narrower than and well lead Width needed for stream ability；Or if using too many proppant, passage is possible too narrow and/or interconnection is not enough to realize good water conservancy diversion Ability.

Brief summary of the invention

In some embodiments, theme disclosed in the present patent application is provided for being processed using compound cluster placement technique The method and system of the subsurface formations that pit shaft is penetrated.

According in some embodiments disclosed by the invention, a kind of method for processing the subsurface formations that pit shaft is penetrated Including the closure stress and rigidity of the interval on stratum are accounted for；Closure stress and rigidity based on the interval is to the layer Duan Jianmo to determine the interval in be intended to the minimum vertex-covering of supporting zone and the Support in the crack for preventing passage from caving in Largest passages width between domain；Prepare the treatment fluid stage, the treatment fluid stage includes alternate richness solid particle Stage and lean solid particle sub-stage, wherein the volume of each is more than the lean granule sub-stage in the rich microgranule sub-stage In adjacent sub-stage respective volume [that is, the entrainment stage more than smaller in the front or rear cleaning stage that is close to Just take previous/latter entrainment stage and ignore the size in prepad fluid/displacement fluid stage]；By alternately will be described rich solid Body microgranule sub-stage and lean solid particle sub-stage are injected in the crack, with higher than frac pressure by the process of the preparation Fluid stage is injected in the stratum；Form multiple rich microgranule isolated island regions in the crack to provide as the modeling is true At least minimum vertex-covering of fixed supporting zone；The mutual of open channel region is formed between the isolated island region in the crack Networking network, the open channel region has the channel breadth less than the largest passages width as described in the modeling determination；Drop Pressure in the low crack is closing the crack being supported on the isolated island region；And fluid is guided with hydraulic way Stream is through the open channel region the stratum and the pit shaft.

In some embodiments, the method is additionally included in the rich solid particle isolated island region in the crack on the spot Channelizing, to form solid particle cluster in the isolated island region, the solid particle cluster is led in the isolated island region Cross open space to separate with adjacent solid microgranule cluster.In some embodiments, it is described in fluid processing stage described Rich solid particle sub-stage and the lean solid particle sub-stage can have from 60:40 to 95:5 or from 70:30 to 90:10 Cumulative volume ratio.

In some embodiments, disclose according to the present invention, it is higher than frac pressure by treatment fluid rank that a kind of method includes Section is injected in the stratum that the mixture of solid particle is distributed in crack；By the rich solid in the treatment fluid stage Microgranule sub-stage and lean solid particle sub-stage are alternately injecting in the crack, wherein in the rich solid particle sub-stage The volume of each is more than the respective volume of the adjacent lean solid particle sub-stage in the lean solid particle sub-stage, with institute State and multiple rich solid particle isolated island regions are formed in crack and the mutual of open channel region is formed between the isolated island region Networking network；On the spot by the rich microgranule isolated island regional channel in the crack, to form microgranule in the isolated island region Cluster, the microgranule cluster is separated by open space in the isolated island region with adjacent microparticles cluster；Split described in reducing Pressure in seam is with by the crack closure to the isolated island region；And with hydraulic way guiding fluid stream through described The open channel region between layer and the pit shaft.

In some embodiments, the rich solid particle sub-stage respectively includes the ALT pulse injected with different rates. In some embodiments, the rich solid particle sub-stage can respectively include ALT pulse, and the ALT pulse includes these The substance of one or more components is uniformly distributed and at least non-between the ALT pulse of another component in ALT pulse Homogeneous distribution, for example, another component is selected from solid particle, fiber, anchoring agent, binding agent, bonding adjuvant, bonding adjuvant Activator, bonding liquid, gel breaker, solution cross-linking agent, fluid thinner, induction deposition exciting agent, thick gel macrostructure and its Combination.

In some embodiments, the treatment fluid stage include carry fluid.In some embodiments, the place Reason fluid stage includes oil-in-water emulsion, and the oil-in-water emulsion includes being dispersed in the hydrophobicity liquid that water is carried in fluid Body.In some embodiments, the treatment fluid stage include carry fluid in viscoelastic surfactant.In some realities In applying scheme, the treatment fluid stage includes pH controlling agents.In some embodiments, the treatment fluid stage include ester And also include discharging acid from the ester.In some embodiments, the treatment fluid stage include capsule breaker.

In some embodiments, the lean solid particle sub-stage includes fiber.In some embodiments, the richness Solid particle sub-stage includes that the solid freely interspersed among in the fluid space being suspended in around the macrostructure carried in fluid is micro- Granule is starched.

In some embodiments, the rich solid particle sub-stage provides at least minimum vertex-covering of supporting zone, described At least minimum vertex-covering of supporting zone includes sufficiently small to suppress the internet between the isolated island and the supporting zone In the channel breadth that caves in of the open channel region, for example, supporting zone and open channel region area ratio are from 60:40 To 95:5 or from 70:30 to 90:10.

In some embodiments, disclosed according to the present invention, a kind of system for producing reservoir fluid, it includes pit shaft The subsurface formations for penetrating；Crack, the crack is between the stratum and the pit shaft by opening between multiple supporting zones Put channel network in fluid communication；The supporting zone provides the covering bigger than the covering of the open channel, and described opens Put passage and there is the width for being intended to suppress the open channel between the supporting zone to cave in；The supporting zone respectively includes Multiple proppant clusters, the plurality of proppant cluster is in the respective support region by open space in the cluster for supporting Between separate.

In some embodiments, disclosed according to the present invention, a kind of crack interval for processing the stratum that pit shaft is penetrated System, it includes：The subsurface formations that pit shaft is penetrated；The treatment fluid stage being at least partially disposed in the pit shaft, institute The treatment fluid stage is stated including rich solid particle sub-stage and lean solid particle sub-stage, wherein the rich solid particle sub-stage In the volume of each more than the adjacent lean solid particle sub-stage in the lean solid particle sub-stage respective volume, with Multiple rich solid particle isolated island regions are formed in the crack and open channel region is formed between the isolated island region Interference networks；The rich solid particle sub-stage respectively includes ALT pulse, and the ALT pulse is included in the ALT pulse The substance of one or more components be uniformly distributed and the ALT pulse of at least one other component between inhomogeneous distribution, So as in the crack on the spot by the rich microgranule isolated island regional channel, to form microgranule cluster in the isolated island region Group, the microgranule cluster is separated by open space in the isolated island region with adjacent microparticles cluster；Pumping system, it is described Pumping system be used for higher than frac pressure pressure by the treatment fluid stage from the pit shaft be injected into the stratum with The treatment fluid stage is injected in the crack in the stratum；And closing well system, the closing well system is used for institute Crack closure is stated to the rich solid particle isolated island region.

Summary of the present invention is provided and is intended to introduce the selected concept further described in following detailed description.It is of the invention general The crucial or substitutive characteristics of claimed subject are identified unintentionally, be also not intended to the model for being used to help limit claimed subject Enclose.

Brief description

Detailed description below is referred to by combining accompanying drawing, these and other feature and advantage are better understood with.

Fig. 1 is illustrated fill with the artificial of the uniform rich proppant of alternating phases and lean proppant treatment fluid in schematic form Pressure break.

Fig. 2 illustrates in schematic form filling with the rich proppant treatment fluid of the channelizing on the spot of alternating phases and lean support The artificial fracturing of agent treatment fluid, wherein the volume of rich proppant treatment fluid is similar to the volume of lean proppant treatment fluid.

Fig. 3 is illustrated in schematic form according to embodiment disclosed by the invention, is filled with the passage on the spot of alternating phases The rich proppant treatment fluid of change and the artificial fracturing of lean proppant treatment fluid, wherein the volume reality of rich proppant treatment fluid Volume of the matter ground more than lean proppant treatment fluid.

Specific embodiment

Based on the purpose for promoting to understand principle disclosed by the invention, referring now to some illustrative enforcements of present application Scheme.

Based on the purpose for promoting to understand principle disclosed by the invention, referring now to some illustrative enforcements of present application Scheme.Similar numeral of quoting used herein refers to the similar portion that different accompanying drawings are changed.Reference without suffix letter numeral Predominately refer to these parts；With suffix letter reference numeral refer to these parts wherein particular one.

As used herein, " embodiment " refers to the indefiniteness example of patent application disclosed herein, wherein Prescription or not prescription, and can be individually or by any combinations or arrangement with one or more other embodiments To implement or exist.Each embodiment disclosed herein should be regarded as what is be used in combination with one or more other embodiments Newly-increased feature and exclusive use substitute the alternative of one or more other embodiments.It should be appreciated that being not intended to thus to wanting The scope for seeking subject matter is imposed any restrictions, it is illustrated that embodiment in any replacement and further modification and such as this texts and pictures Any of the principle of the present patent application shown is further applied to that the technology for being related to field can be disclosed by the present invention under normal circumstances What personnel were susceptible to.

And, provided herein is schematic illustration and description be only interpreted as example, and multiple components and operation can enter Row combination is decoupled, and is added or is removed, and is resequenced in whole or in part, unless having to explicitly separately old herein State.Some operations of diagram can perform the computer program on computer-readable medium to realize by computer, its In the computer program include promote the computer perform one or more operation or send order to hold to other equipment The instruction of capable one or more operations.

It should be appreciated that, although the substantial portions being described in detail below are probably in the scene of oil field hydraulic fracturing job There is provided, but such as well cementation, gravel filling gas oil field operation or or even non-oil drilling process operation, it is also possible to utilize Disclose with the present invention is benefited from.

According in some embodiments disclosed herein, there is provided it is a kind of improve fracture condudtiviy method on the spot and be System." on the spot " refer to that at least a portion in crack is filled with substantially continuous proppant or other granule densities or continuous support After agent concentration region, the passage of of a relatively high liquid guide flow ability is formed between microgranule cluster in crack.Being discussed herein below will Proppant is referred to as the example of the first solid particle that can be used during the present invention disclose, and gas gas his type is also contemplated that certainly Solid particle.Term proppant and sand are used interchangeably herein.

Use as described herein, " liquid guide flow crack " is that have high flow conductivity relative to adjacent earth formations matrix Crack, and term " flow-guiding channel " refers to that open channel and filling are available for clearance space of the fluid by channel permeability to contain Matrix there is the passage of of a relatively high flow conductivity relative to adjacent non-passage area so that passage has.

As used herein, " compound cluster arrangement " is referred to include and is opened the proppant isolated island that interchannel separates Fracture System, wherein proppant isolated island are respectively made up of multiple proppant clusters, and each proppant cluster is included and connect with adjacent particle It is spaced far less than adjacent supports agent isolated island between proppant cluster in tactile multiple proppant particles, wherein proppant isolated island Between interval, such as little an order of magnitude.Proppant cluster can be it is porous or can not be porous ground, for example it Can have 50% to 100% compacted volume ratio, therebetween clearance flow road is about maximum particle size, and compound cluster arrangement Proppant isolated island in system can respectively the circulation road comprising multiple clusters and middle size between cluster, these circulation roads Half is less than the relatively large open circulation road between isolated island.

Proppant cover refer to relative to crack overall elongation region, along fracture extension comprising proppant isolated island or other The crack area in support region.Because cluster is very close to relative to rigidity and closure stress in isolated island, the overall area of isolated island Domain can be considered as what is supported." channel breadth " refers to the distance between supporting zone.Can from Schlumberger buy as The modeling tool of FracCADE determines such as overlying strata pressure, and the rigidity or hard on the stratum of fracture surface being based on closure stress Degree, crack by cave in and adjacent isolated island between crack reverse side will be closed the largest passages width allowed before.This area Technical staff can also use the conventional modeling tool such as MATLAB.In some embodiments, the process be designed to by Offer between proppant isolated island is usually no more than wealthy corresponding to the maximum allowable open channel of specific crack closure stress and rigidity The open channel of degree is avoiding passage from caving in or be minimized the risk caved in.

Term accounts for the closure stress and rigidity of the interval on stratum to cover with simultaneous：Estimate or measure such closure Stress and rigidity.

With reference to term " continuous " such as table for the concentration or other specification of the function as another variable such as time Show, the concentration or other specification are non-interruption or continuous function, and it can include with the incremental of time relative smooth and/or subtract It is few, for example, for make proppant particles be distributed in proppant particles filling scope without repeat interruption and/or it is uneven and will Support agent granule introduces the smoothed rate or concentration in crack.In some embodiments, less step change on function is considered as Continuously, wherein on the time period of 1 minute, 10 seconds, 1 second or 1 millisecond the change belong to +/- the 10% of initial function value with It is interior, or in +/- the 5% of initial function value, or in +/- the 2% of initial function value, or +/- 1% interior or class of initial function value Seemingly.The term " repetition " of this paper refers to the event for occurring in a single stage more than once.

Conversely, the parameter of the function as another variable such as time or ratio, is then " non-as long as it is not continuous Continuously ", and in some embodiments, will repeat the change of relatively large step function be considered as it is discrete, for example, 1 On minute, 10 seconds, 1 second or 1 millisecond of time period, junior becomes less than step-length in the parameter value before and after step change The 80% of the higher person in parameter value before and after change, or less than 50%, or less than 20%, or less than 10%, or be less than 5%, or less than 2%, or the situation less than 1%.

In various embodiments, can arrange after proppant isolated island, by the differential of proppant particles in gap Movement is formed in situ in proppant isolated island the open space between cluster, such as by binding agent and/or proppant particles week Knot of crowding around bonds liquid, is moved by gravitational settling and/or fluid, and the fluid stream that such as reflux operation is formed flows out and/or leaves Region corresponding with flow-guiding channel and enter or flow in separated region, the cluster of proppant particles is led in the separated region Relatively low flow conductivity region is caused to be formed, its cluster can correspond to close the column between phase fracture face.Multiple In embodiment, can be by there is or introduce bonding adjuvant, such as bonding liquid, such as hydrophobicity in multiple embodiments Liquid is helping the movement of proppant particles；And can further help prop up alternately through the viscosity for reducing treatment fluid The movement of support agent granule, this can be instant, progressive or stage by stage.

According to some embodiments herein, can be by the way that phase process fluid be injected into into consolidating in the Zhong Bingshi cracks of crack Body particle aggregation is formed between the cluster in proppant isolated island with forming cluster at the corresponding interface of adjacent macrostructure Open space, the phase process fluid includes the fluid space freely interspersed among around the macrostructure being suspended in carrier fluid In solid particle mortar.According to some embodiments, the solid particle is carried secretly in sub-stage or the sub- rank comprising proppant The proppant of the depolymerization of pulse in section.According to some embodiments, the carrier fluid is comprising in macrostructure surrounding fluid space The fiber of presence, for example, colloidal spheres, for stabilization sub stage treatment fluid to be injected into crack in.

In some embodiments, the method includes that the pressure of proppant will be carried secretly higher than the pressure of the frac pressure on stratum Rip current body is pumped into subsurface formations.The system of the prior art with reference to shown in Fig. 1, pumps into system 10 and provides treatment fluid 12 The pit shaft 14 communicated with crack 16.In such a system, the treatment fluid stage include by entrainment proppant sub-stage 18 with lean The support jizi for making dumplings stage 20 alternately, so in crack 16 forms proppant isolated island corresponding with the sub-stage 18 of entrainment proppant 22 and with the passage 24 between the corresponding isolated island of lean proppant sub-stage 20.

During injection fracturing fluid, pressure in drilling well or in its treatment region can be sufficiently maintained with isolated island 22 and logical Road 24 keeps crack 16 to close before being formed, and then, the sealed fracture on proppant isolated island 22 so keeps in theory relative Space between fracture surface is for liquid guide flow.In such a system, passage 24 is as far as possible relatively wide to improve flow conductivity, Because proppant isolated island 22 is general with homogeneous proppant distribution, with the flow conductivity of similar matrix, i.e. fluid must be adjacent Flow through between the gap of proppant particles, as amplifying isolated island region 22A findings.In order to provide fat pipe 24, relative to entrainment The cumulative volume of proppant sub-stage 22, using the lean proppant sub-stage 20 of relatively large cumulative volume.

It should be noted that when the relative volume that entrainment proppant sub-stage 18 is considered relative to lean proppant sub-stage 20 or its During his attribute, boss's stage is typically only related to, i.e. any prepad fluid in the early time or preflush stage and any follow-up displacement fluid Stage is typically not intended as carrying the proppant sub-stage 20 of proppant sub-stage 18 or lean secretly, and can be excluded from calculating. For example, consider initially to carry proppant sub-stage 18 secretly with lean proppant sub-stage 20 relative to initial tail, and can be relative to The proppant sub-stage 20 lean in the early time being close to, and can be relative to being close to considering finally to carry proppant sub-stage 18 secretly In the early time or follow-up lean proppant sub-stage 20 is considering middle entrainment proppant sub-stage 18.

In some embodiments disclosed by the invention according to Fig. 2, carry secretly the volume of proppant sub-stage 18 with Equally greatly or more than the volume of adjacent lean proppant sub-stage 20, this facilitates proppant to the volume of adjacent lean proppant sub-stage 20 The bigger proppant in ratio in crack 16 of isolated island 26 is covered.The open channel 28 between isolated island 26 in some embodiments Less than maximum allowable channel breadth, in case crack arrest seam caves in, simultaneously because higher supporting zone is covered, so as to provide improvement Fracture support ability, for example, relatively wide crack is concrete depending on the closure stress and intensity of crack rock.I other words, In some embodiments, open channel can have relative to Fig. 1 narrower width, but can also have bigger width with The flow conductivity for maintaining quite or improving.

Larger expression in context, more than the 50% of volume, is greater than entrainment proppant sub-stage and represents son The 50% of the cumulative volume in stage.

Adjacent can be construed to be close to previous or latter.

Additionally, in some embodiments, the isolated island 26 in Fig. 2 can be by multiple proppant clusters 30 and open space 32 Constitute, for providing the additional liquid flow conductivity through isolated island 26.In some embodiments, can be supported using entrainment The jizi for making dumplings stage 18 forms these proppant clusters in isolated island 26, and it has channelizing function on the spot, for example, in isolated island 26 Form the proppant of cluster 30 or the pulse ratio of other components or concentration of proppant.For example, the entrainment being placed in crack 16 Proppant sub-stage 18 can include activation, generate or discharge triggering, and the triggering includes channelizing；Can be by different rates pulse Formula occurs with the cluster of the induction proppant in isolated island 26；Can include ALT pulse, these ALT pulses include one or Substance of multiple components in these ALT pulses is uniformly distributed and at least non-between the ALT pulse of another component Homogeneous distribution, described another component is e.g. selected from solid particle, fiber, anchoring agent, binding agent, bonding adjuvant, bonding Adjuvant activator, bonding liquid, induction deposition exciting agent, thick gel macrostructure and combinations thereof；Etc..

For some embodiments shown in Fig. 3, the volume of proppant sub-stage 18 is carried secretly substantially more than adjacent lean Proppant sub-stage 20, this facilitates the substantive bigger proppant in crack 16 of proppant isolated island 26 to cover.For example, rich solid Microgranule sub-stage 18 and lean solid particle sub-stage 20 can have cumulative volume ratio：From 60:40 to 95:5 or from 70:30 to 90: 10, or it is similar, such as 80:20.Or, entrainment proppant sub-stage 18 can make with the relative volume of lean proppant sub-stage 20 It is 60 to obtain proppant and cover (area of isolated island 26) with the area ratio of passage 28:40 to 95:5 or 70:30 to 90:10 or class Seemingly, such as 80:20.

In some embodiments, can be alternately through the activation of such as exciting agent so that the entrainment of fracturing fluid is supported Stability is gone in the region of jizi for making dumplings stage 18 and/or proppant isolated island 26, and for example, gel breaker or solution crosslinking additives are with least part of Ground reduces the localization stickiness of fracturing fluid, for example, be reduced to linear polymer from stickiness corresponding with the polymer of crosslinking Stickiness, so as to help proppant to move in cluster 30.Binding agent such as fiber can also can be optionally deposited in crack, for example The speed deposition slower than proppant, in some embodiments this can be facilitated due to the binding agent with specific gravity, the spy Definite proportion again equal to carrier fluid proportion or than proppant proportion closer to carrier fluid proportion.Non-limiting show as one Example, proppant can be the sand that specific gravity is 2.65, and binding agent can be the office comprising specific gravity for the fiber of 1.1-1.5 Zone of fiber is carried in portion secretly, and for example, the fiber can be the acid fiber by polylactic that specific gravity is 1.25, and carrier fluid can be Certain ratio is the water of 1-1.1.

In some embodiments, proppant can also be mediated by bonding the buoyancy of liquid and/or fiber generation Deposition, the bonding liquid and/or fiber can have the specific ratio of the proportion less than proppant, carrier fluid or other components Weight.In this example, relatively low specific gravity component can have relative to the lower sedimentation rate of proppant.In some other reality In applying scheme, for example, by friction or can bond binding agent and/or anchoring agent is mutual with wherein one or two fracture surface Effect, in some embodiments, this can be mediated similarly by the presence of any bonding liquid, for example, wherein bonding Liquid has affinity to stratal surface, and can have similar to proppant density or dissimilar density, for example, glass fibers Dimension can have the specific gravity more than 2.

Due to carrying the coalescence that causes of difference sedimentation rate in fluid according to some embodiments, so proppant can be with The cluster adjacent with corresponding binding agent is formed by the help that there is any bonding liquid, and deposition is delayed by.Furthermore, In some embodiments, binding agent can be the anchoring agent for being activated and being formed immobilization anchoring structure, and it can pass through any Bond liquid to mediate, the opposite face that cluster is rapidly against crack fixes cluster.

In some embodiments, the method is by using the polymeric viscosifier comprising the crosslinking for being used to arrange proppant Fracturing fluid come the stickiness in reducing the entrainment proppant sub-stage 18 of fracturing fluid and/or the region of proppant isolated island 26, one In individual temporary phase, the stickiness of line style colloid is reduced to, but no vicidity that destroys completely is to contribute to being closed in crack Grappling before conjunction, i.e. the formation of anchoring agent or activation deposit to completely crack or proppant isolated island to suppress proppant system Bottom.

On the spot channelizing concept is, based on the establishment of cluster, in some embodiments, can be anchored on proppant In crack in isolated island, to facilitate open space in isolated island.Anchoring agent is designed to be put in crack and stays in place, while cluster is The sand being deposited on after deployment and before crack closure above anchoring agent and any fiber, bonding liquid or other materials it is poly- Knot.In order to allow sand to start to deposit in isolated island, the reduction of fluid stickiness is implemented in some embodiments.In some embodiment party In case, acid or acid precursors can serve as solving cross-linking agent, on the surface can in heterogeneity be blended in it in treatment fluid or its folder In band proppant sub-stage 18, or pulse is introduced in entrainment proppant sub-stage 18, and is pumped under pit shaft in crack.In arrangement Afterwards, solving cross-linking agent in some embodiments can be based on esterification by hydrolysis release acid, to allow itself and being polymerized for being crosslinked Thing reacts to reduce its stickiness.After crack closure, the gel breaker of such as oxidation gel breaker can destroy thickening agent and/or In the case of part cracks or solves the thickening agent of crosslinking, continue more fully to destroy thickening agent to contribute to cleaning and oil storage.

Channelizing on the spot in some embodiments facilitates high flow conductivity to support by forming open void space 32 Agent isolated island 26, depends on the deposition of proppant and fiber on anchoring agent to form cluster, the cluster 30 in proppant isolated island 26 Surrounding leaves the high flow conductivity void space 32 without proppant.The sedimentation rate of proppant is related to the establishment of cluster 30, its Middle high deposition rate may cause without anchoring agent or cluster, and low deposition rate because of crack closure without open space 32.The deposition of sand and according to this paper embodiments, additionally depends under reservoir temperature this sticky depending on the stickiness of fluid The speed that degree declines.

In a representative illustration according to some embodiments, gellant is Guar gum base, with borate crosslinked Or be crosslinked with delayed crosslinker, and oil-in-water emulsion adopts alkaline emulsion agent to realize stability, and it can be by reducing PH carrys out destabilized treatment.In some embodiments, high sticky colloid is produced using cross-linking agent, it includes pH between 8 and 12 Stabilized oil-in-water emulsion.In some embodiments, cross-linking agent is conciliate using esters as difunctional demulsifying agent, because Under high reservoir temperature, some esters may hydrolyze and be formed carboxylic acid, so as to reduce the pH of fluid, and thus by emulsion go surely with Release oil phase, while borate or other cross-linking agent are deactivated, and thus by the crosslinking of fluid solution improving binding agent, grappling The mobility of agent, channelizing adjuvant and/or proppant.

A kind of system for realizing crack treatment can include pumping system, and the pumping system is included for processing Fluid provides one or more pumps to pit shaft and crack.In various embodiments, pit shaft can include approximate horizontal part, It can be sleeve pipe or the perforate for completing, wherein the crack is laterally or longitudinally direction, and thus be substantially vertical or phase It is oblique for horizontal line.Can surface the mixing plant in some embodiments is provided so as to provide carrier fluid, proppant, The mixture of binding agent, bonding adjuvant, bonding adjuvant activator, thickening agent, solution cross-linking agent etc., it may, for example, be optional , so as to energy stability contorting proppant concentration, any fiber, bonding adjuvant etc., it can for stabilized concentration mixed mortar (CBS) Be concentrate masterbatch so as to can stability contorting fiber, proppant, bonding adjuvant etc. concentration, and any other additive, Other additives can be provided in any order, for example other thickening agents, fluid loss agents, lubricant, clay stabilizer, sterilizing Agent, cross-linking agent, gel breaker, cracking adjuvant, corrosion inhibitor and/or proppant backflow control additive etc..

In some embodiments, by one or more additives, including proppant, fiber, the adjuvant etc. that bonds are concentrated Can be alternately in fracturing fluid.For example, can alternately add binding agent/bonding adjuvant, or can add higher viscous Knot agent/bonding adjuvant concentration, to be formed coalescence and/or the treatment fluid slug for depositing are promoted or suppress, and it can be in passage Accumulation cluster during change, but can be the degradable open sky additional to widen open space or formation after crack closure Gap.Can in entrainment proppant sub-stage in a pulsed fashion independently alternately two or more additives (including viscous Knot agent and/or bonding adjuvant).

If it is desired, it is possible to the pressure in providing shut-in valve to keep pit shaft and crack for drilling well, there is provided backflow/ Production flow line reclaiming or produce fluid during processing or after processing, and provides any conventional wellhead equipment.

If desired, in some embodiments, can be according to U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2008/ Alternating proppant loading technique disclosed in 0135242, using the pumping schedule of entrainment proppant sub-stage, the patent application It is incorporated herein by.

In some embodiments, the mortar stage is processed, for example its entrainment proppant sub-stage has the first solid particle The continuous concentration of (such as proppant), and the discontinuous concentration of additive, so contribute to the first solid particle in isolated island Cluster formed, or grappling of the cluster in isolated island, or its combination, so as to form the cluster of the first solid particle with closure Strut crack.As used herein, " anchoring agent " refers to the movement for suppressing microgranule or microgranule cluster such as to deposit in crack, Or preferably stop its material for moving, precursor material or mechanism, and " anchor point " is referred in activity or is activated to suppression System stops mobile anchoring agent.In some embodiments, binding agent can be can comprising as fiber, floccule, tablet, The anchoring agent of the material of disk like thing, bar, star etc., for example its can anisotropically be distributed in the isolated island region in crack And with different rate travels, and/or promote some of them of the first solid particle that there are different rate travels, can be relative It is faster or preferably slower in the deposition of the first solid particle and/or cluster.As used here, term " floccule " includes The flocculation colloid and colloid of floccule can be formed in the mortar stage is processed.

In some embodiments, binding agent/anchoring agent can adhere to crack a surface or two apparent surfaces To stop the movement of proppant particles cluster and/or provide fixed structure, proppant or proppant cluster can accumulate thereon. In some embodiments, binding agent/anchoring agent can be adhering to each other to contribute to consolidation, the stability of formed cluster And/or intensity, it adheres to can be mediated by the presence of any bonding liquid or generation.Can lead in some embodiments Crossing bonding liquid promotes binding agent to be attached to each other and/or be attached to fracture faces.

In some embodiments, anchoring agent can include the first anchoring agent component and discontinuous concentration of continuous concentration Second anchoring agent component, such as wherein the first and second anchoring agent components can react or combine with fiber/bonding liquid system System, two reactant systems, catalyst/reactant system, (it can be or can wrap for pH sensitivity responses agent/pH adjusting agent system Include cross-linking agent) etc. in formed anchor point.

In some embodiments, anchoring agent can form the border of microgranule movement, the bottom margin of such as particle deposition.

In some embodiments, flow-guiding channel ground in fluid communication leaves shaft stretch near stratal surface or prolongs to pit shaft Stretch or extend about to it, for example, circulate between the wellbore and the formation to contribute to fluid, such as oil-producing and/or inject fluid In formation matrix.As used herein " near wellbore " is referred to along crack major length and extends and terminate at flow-guiding channel The flow-guiding channel wider space of the permeable matrix between pit shaft, for example, wherein in the high water conservancy diversion proppant tail-in stage In to the filling of the crack area of near wellbore with permeable solid filler, gravel filling etc..

In some embodiments, passage is formed as follows to proppant isolated island：With continuous ratio in the earth formation Entrainment proppant sub-stage of the injection containing continuous first solid particle concentration is in crack；And support jizi for making dumplings in injection entrainment While the continuous ratio and the first concentration of solid particles are kept during stage, in the treatment fluid stage of injection, such as fiber The continuous alternately concentration mode of anchoring agent, with pulse side between multiple relatively rich anchoring agent mode and multiple lean anchoring agent mode Formula.

In some embodiments, injection entrainment proppant sub-stage forms the first solid particle in proppant isolated island The homogenous area of continuous uniform distribution.In some embodiments, the concentration impulse of binding agent and/or bonding adjuvant alternately exists Heterogeneous body region is formed in proppant isolated island, wherein comprising rich binding agent/bonding adjuvant region and lean binding agent/bonding auxiliary Agent region.

In some embodiments, the binding agent can include degradation material.In some embodiments, the binding agent Selected from the set of following composition：Polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester, Polyamide, polycaprolactam and polylactone, polybutadiene succinic acid, PPDO, glass, ceramics, carbon are (including carbonylation Compound), metallic element form, metal alloy, Pilus Caprae seu Oviss, basalt, acrylic acid, polyethylene, polypropylene, phenolic resin, polyphenylene sulfide Ether, polrvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polybenzimidazoles, polyhydroquinone- Diimidazopyridine, poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole), viscose glue, cotton or other natural fibres Dimension, rubber, viscous fiber or its combination.In some embodiments, binding agent can include acrylic fiber.In some enforcements In scheme, binding agent can include Muscovitum.

In some embodiments, binding agent is present in the entrainment binding agent stage with the amount less than 5vol% or entrainment is supported In the jizi for making dumplings stage.All individual values and subordinate scope from less than 5vol% are included and are being disclosed herein.For example, bond The amount of agent can be from 0.05vol%, less than 5vol%, or less than 1vol%, or less than 0.5vol%.Binding agent can be by The amount of 0.5vol% to 1.5vol% is present, or exists by the amount of 0.01vol% to 0.5vol%, or by 0.05vol% extremely The amount of 0.5vol% is present.

In other embodiment, binding agent can comprising length be 1 to 50mm or more specifically 1 to 10mm and A diameter of 1 to 50 micron or more specifically 1 to 20 micron of fiber.Included from all values and subordinate scope of 1 to 50mm And be disclosed herein.For example, fiber binder length can from 1,3,5,7,9,19,29 or 49mm lower limit to 2,4,6,8, 10th, 20,30 or 50mm any large caps.The scope of fiber binder length can be from 1 to 50mm, or from 1 to 10mm, Or from 1 to 7mm, or from 3 to 10mm, or from 2 to 8mm.Included from 1 to 50 micron of all values and be disclosed herein.Example Such as, fiber binder diameter can from 1,4,8,12,16,20,30,40 or 49 microns of lower limit to 2,6,10,14,17,22, 32nd, 42 or 50 microns of the upper limit.The scope of fiber binder diameter can be from 1 to 50 micron, or from 10 to 50 microns, or from 1 to 15 micron or from 2 to 17 microns.

In embodiment disclosed by the invention, it is possible to use if the fibre blend of dry type, wherein fiber type can To be constituted by material and/or fiber shape is distinguished.

In other embodiment, binding agent can be the fiber of the set selected from following composition：Polylactic acid (PLA), Polyester, polyamide, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactam, poly terephthalic acid diol ester, cellulose, Pilus Caprae seu Oviss, basalt, glass, rubber Glue or its combination.

In other embodiment, binding agent can include length from 0.001 to 1mm and diameter from 50 nanometers (nm) To 10 microns of fiber.It is disclosed and comprising herein from all individual values of 0.001 to 1mm.For example, fiber binder Length can be from any large caps of 0.001,0.01,0.1 or 0.9mm lower limit to 0.009,0.07,0.5 or 1mm.From 50 All individual values of nanometer to 10 microns are included and are being disclosed herein.For example, the scope of fiber binder diameter can be From 50,60,70,80,90,100 or 500 nanometers of lower limit to 500 nanometers, 1 micron or 10 microns of the upper limit.

In some embodiments, binding agent can include expandable material, such as swellable elastomer, can be according to temperature The granule of expansion.The example of swellable elastomer includes butadiene-based polymer and copolymer, such as styrene butadiene rubber in oil Glue (SBR), styrene butadiene block copolymer, styrene isoprene copolymer, acrylate elastomer, neoprene bullet Gonosome, nitrile elastomer, vinyl acetate co-polymer and EVA mixture and polyurethane elastomer.Swellable elasticity in water and saline The example of body includes maleic acid graft phenylethene butadiene elastomer and acrylic acid-grafted elastomer.With inflatable of temperature The example of grain includes metal and more inflation granules is expanded when granule is heated relative to quartz sand.In some embodiments In, the metal-oxide that inflatable metal can be including Ca, Mn, Ni, Fe etc., it generates density and is less than the metal oxygen with water reaction The metal hydroxidess of compound, i.e. the metal hydroxidess occupy more volumes than metal-oxide, so as to increase by the granule The volume for occupying.The other example of swellable inorganic material may refer to U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 20110098202, it is incorporated herein by.The example of aerated materials be by Chicago Akzo Nobel companies manufacture and Commercially available EXPANCEL^TMMicrosphere.These microspheres include the polymeric shells for wherein retaining gas.When these microspheres are received When hot, gas expansion in housing simultaneously increases oarse-grained size.The diameter of granule can increase 4 times, and this can cause 64 multiples Volume increase.

In some embodiments, binding agent can be gel, spheroid or group that such as thickening agent makes, such as water solublity Polymer, such as polysaccharide carboxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and/or guar gum, the copolymer of polyacrylamide and its derivant, Its concentration is 1.2 to 24g/L (10 to 200ppt, wherein " ppt " is the poundage per 1000 gallons of fluids) or viscoelastic surface lives Property agent (VES).Polymer in some embodiments can be crosslinked with cross-linking agent, such as the metal or boric acid of calcium.Gel The fiber and/or microgranule being dispersed in interior phase can also alternatively be included.Gel can be by the polymer phase with continuous crosslinking Identical or different polymer and/or cross-linking agent is made, but can be with different stickiness feature or form.

In some embodiments, a kind of system for producing reservoir fluid is included in pit shaft and fracturing process disclosed herein Any one crack for producing.

It is discussed herein below based on the specific example according to some embodiments, wherein the first microgranule includes proppant and binding agent Or include anchor point, including fiber as in the presence of.In some specific embodiments being described below, pit shaft is level court To, and crack is substantially vertical, but, disclosure herein not limited to this specific configuration.

As used herein, term " treatment fluid " or " wellbore treatments fluid " include " fracturing fluid " or " process sand Starch " and should broadly be understood.These can be or comprising liquid, solid and combinations thereof, as those skilled in the art It will be recognized that.Treatment fluid can in the form of solution, emulsion, mortar, or it would be recognized by those skilled in the art that Any other form.

As used herein, " mortar " refers to the optional flowable mixing of the granule being dispersed in fluid carrier Thing.Term " flowable " or " pumpable " or " can mix " herein can with used interchangeably and refer to yield stress or Undercut (5.11s^-1) stickiness is less than 1000Pa and in shear rate 170s^-1Lower dynamic apparent stickiness is less than 10Pa-s The fluid or mortar of (10,000cP), wherein yield stress undercut stickiness and dynamic apparent stickiness are measured at 25 DEG C, Unless having to explicitly specified another temperature or another temperature are in context of use.

As used herein " stickiness ", unless separately indication, otherwise refers to 25 DEG C and shear rate 170s of temperature^-1Under The dynamic apparent stickiness of fluid.

" treatment fluid " or " fluid " (within a context) refers to whole treatment fluid, including the support of any proppant, ramuscule Agent granule, liquid etc.." whole fluid ", " total fluid " and " base flow body " be used to referring to herein fluid is added wherein spread times What is fine grain, but not including that proppant particles." carrier ", " fluid phase " or " liquid phase " refer to existing fluid or Liquid, it can include continuous phase and alternatively comprising one or more the discontinuous liquid fluids being dispersed in continuous phase Phase, only including any solute, viscosifier or colloidal solid, not including other solid phase particulates；" water " is drawn in mortar State and simply mean to water and do not include any gas, liquid or solid granule, solute, viscosifier, colloidal solid etc.；To " water phase " Citation refers to the carrier phase being mainly made up of water, and it can be continuous phase or discrete phase.As used herein, term " liquid Body " or " liquid phase " cover liquid itself and supercritical fluid, including any solute for wherein dissolving.

Term " distribution " represents that a kind of material is dispersed in the mixing in another kind of material, and can include colloid or non-glue System is united.As used herein, " emulsion " typicallys represent a kind of liquid phase and is dispersed in another kind of immiscible liquid phase Any system, and go for oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsion.Reversion emulsion refers to any water-in-oil emulsion, In its oil it is continuous or outside phase and water is to spread mutually or internal phase.

As used herein, unless separately indication, otherwise as further detailed herein, particle size and Particle size distribution (PSD) mode refers to mean volume average-size.Median size used herein can be managed in this area Any value of solution, including for example and being not limited to the diameter of approximately spherical microgranule.In one embodiment, median size can be Characteristic size, it could be for specified size distribution and considers the size at utmost describing of granule.

As used herein, " water-soluble polymer " refers at least 5wt% (the 0.5g polymerizations in 9.5g water at 25 DEG C Thing) water solubility.

The measurement or determination of the stickiness of liquid phase can be based on without solid-liquid (relative to treatment fluid or base flow body) Direct measurement, or based on the feature of liquid comprising solid or the calculating that carries out of the measurement of attribute or dependency, or use it The liquid measure containing solid that the presence of middle solid does not affect the technology that stickiness determines to carry out.As used herein, The non-colloid granule not existed more than 1 micron is represented without solid for the purpose of determining the stickiness of liquid phase so that these Grain does not affect stickiness to determine, but there is any submicron or colloidal solid, and this there may be and thickening and/or formation contain liquid The colloid of body, i.e. exist and the ultra-fine grain that thickening agent effect may be played.In some embodiments, " low stickiness liquid Phase " is represented in 170s^-1With 25 DEG C at without more than the less than about stickiness of 300mPa-s measured in the case of 1 micron of solid.

In some embodiments, treatment fluid can include the continuous stream body phase of also referred to as outside phase, and be also referred to as The discontinuous phase of internal phase, it can be the fluid in emulsion situation, or can be the solid in mortar situation.Continuous fluid Can be continuous any for substance under prescribed conditions referred to herein as carrier fluid or comprising carrier fluid Thing.The example of continuous stream body phase is included but is not limited to, water, Hydrocarbon etc., and it can include solute, and such as fluid mutually can To be saline and/or saline or other solution can be included.In some embodiments, fluid mutually can alternatively include thickening A part for the total amount of agent and/or yield point reagent and/or existing thickening agent and/or yield point reagent.The one of fluid phase A little non-limiting examples include hydrability colloid and hydrability colloid (for example, the colloid containing polysaccharides, such as guar gum and its Derivant, xanthan gum and Di Te glue and its derivant, carboxyethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose and other hydrability fibers Plain derivant, polyvinyl alcohol and its derivant, other hydratable polymers, colloid etc.), the hydrability colloid of crosslinking, thickening Sour (for example, colloid base), the acid (for example, oily foreign minister) of emulsifying, viscoelastic surfactant (VES) densified fluid and rhagiocrin The mixture of oil based fluids or other thickened oil.

Discontinuous phase (if present) in treatment fluid can be suspended or be separately dispersed in discontinuous mode Any granule in continuous phase (including droplets of fluid).Thus, discontinuous phase can also be commonly referred to as " granule " or " microgranule ", The two can be with used interchangeably.As used herein, term " granule " should be considered as generalization.For example, implement at some In scheme, the granule of the present patent application is solid, such as proppant, sand, ceramics, crystal, salt；But, in some embodiment party In case, granule can be emulsifying liquid microdroplet etc..And, in some embodiments, the granule of the present patent application is substantive It is stable and shape or form will not be changed with long-time, temperature or pressure；In other embodiments, Shen of the present invention Granule please is degradable, expandable, swellable, soluble, deformable, fusible, sublimable or another What row can change in shape, state or structure.

In one embodiment, granule is substantive circular and spherical.In one embodiment, granule is not ball Shape and/or circle, for example it can be according to API RP-60 sphericities and roundness coefficient with the sphericity and circularity for changing.Example Such as, there can be the aspect ratio more than 2,3,4,5 or 6 as anchoring agent or other granules.The example of such aspherical particle Including but not limited to, fiber, floccule, tablet, disk like thing, bar, star etc..All such changes should be regarded as at this In the range of patent application.

High aspect ratio granule is introduced in treatment fluid, such as aspect ratio is at least 6 granule, is represented in proppant The additionally or alternatively embodiment of stabilized treatment fluid and suppression deposition during arrangement, it for example, by dissolving or can be degraded into Soluble degradation product is removing.The example of such aspherical particle is included but is not limited to, fiber, floccule, tablet, disk like Thing, bar, star etc., as example, described in US7275596, US20080196896, it is incorporated by reference into this Text.In one embodiment, the introducing of the proppant containing cilium or cladding treatment fluid can also be stablized or contributes to stable Treatment fluid or its multiple region.It seems bigger that the proppant or other granules of cladding hydrophilic polymer can cause these granules Granule and/or it is water-borne in more tacky granule.The hydrophilic cladding of molecular level can be such as cilium, i.e. hair-like excrescence is attached The proppant particles that hair-like excrescence is formed on its surface or on its surface.Herein, the proppant particles of hydrophilic cladding Referred to as " proppant containing cilium or cladding ".The proppant of hydrophilic cladding with and preparation method thereof for example, WO 2011- 050046th, US 5,905,468, US 8,227,026 and US 8, it is described by 234072, it is incorporated herein by.

In one embodiment, granule can be multimode.As used herein, it is multi-modal to refer to various granules Size or mode, it respectively has different size or particle size distribution, such as proppant and particulate.As used herein, Term varying particle size, varying particle size distribution or multi-modal or multimode, it is meant that each has only in multiple granules One mean volumetric particle size distribution (PSD) mode.I.e., statistically, the particle size distribution of variable grain is appeared as It is the different peak (or " mode ") in continuous probability-distribution function.For example, with the granule of the similar normal distribution of variability The mixture of the two kinds of particles of size, if its corresponding average value is more than its respective standard difference sum, and/or if its phase The statistically evident amount of average value is answered, is then regarded as bimodal granulate mixture.In one embodiment, granule bag Bimodal mixture containing two kinds of particles；In one embodiment, three mode mixture of the granule comprising three kinds of granules；One In individual embodiment, four mode mixture of the granule comprising four kinds of granules；In one embodiment, granule includes five kinds of granules Five mode mixture, and the rest may be inferred.Disclosing the representative references of multi-modal granulate mixture includes US 5,518, 996、US 7,784,541、US 7,789,146、US 8,008,234、US 8,119,574、US 8,210,249、US 2010/ 0300688、US 2012/0000641、US 2012/0138296、US 2012/0132421、US 2012/0111563、WO 2012/054456th, US 2012/0305245, US 2012/0305254, US 2012/0132421, WO2013085412 and US 20130233542, each of which is incorporated herein by.

" solid " and " solid volume " refers to all solids present in mortar, including proppant and thin proppant particles, Including microgranule viscosifier, such as colloid and submicron particles." without solid " and similar terms typically do not include proppant and ramuscule Support agent granule, and to determine the microgranule viscosifier " without solid " for the purpose of the stickiness of fluid, such as except colloid.

During " proppant " refers to that well workover is completed and processed, such as hydraulic fracturing job processes fixed crack for will comply with The granule of opening.In some embodiments, proppant can be one or more size mode in mortar, with more than etc. In about 100 microns of weight average particle size, such as 140 mesh granules correspond to 105 microns of size.In other embodiment party In case, proppant can include granule or polymer by made by the granule of 0.001 to 1mm sizes.From 0.001 to 1mm institute There are individual values to be disclosed and comprising herein.For example, solids particle size can be from 0.001,0.01,0.1 or 0.9mm Lower limit is to 0.009,0.07,0.5 or the upper limit of 1mm.Herein, particle size is defined as the maximum particle size size of the granule.

" gravel " refers to the granule used in gravel filling, and the term is synonymous with proppant as used herein.It is " thin Proppant " or " thin proppant " refer to the granule with the size less than proppant mode or particle size or mode (including Colloid and submicron particles)；Citation to " proppant " does not include thin proppant particles and vice versa.In an embodiment party In case, the weight average particle that thin one or more proppant mode respectively has is smaller in size than or minimum equal in proppant mode Proppant mode, the weight average particle size of the mode that for example suspends/stablize about half.

Proppant (in the presence of) can be natural material, such as sand grains.Proppant (in the presence of) can also be artificial or special Different processing, sand, the nut of various modulus, the such as high strength ceramic material of sintered bauxite are such as coated (including resin-coating) Deng.In some embodiments, the present patent application proppant (in the presence of) have be more than 2.45g/mL, such as 2.5-2.8g/ The density of mL, such as sand, ceramics, sintered bauxite or resin-coated proppant.In some embodiments, the present patent application Proppant (in the presence of) have more than or equal to 2.8g/mL density, and/or treatment fluid can include e.g., less than 1.5, it is little In 1.4, less than 1.3, less than 1.2, less than 1.1 or less than 1.05, less than the 1, apparent specific gravity less than 0.95.In some embodiment party In case, the relatively large density contrast between proppant and carrier fluid can be strengthened supporting for example during cluster formation stages The deposition of agent.

In some embodiments, the present patent application proppant (in the presence of) have it is close less than or equal to 2.45g/mL Degree, light/ultralight proppant of such as multiple different manufacturer's productions, such as hollow support agent.In some embodiments, the process Fluid includes more than 1.3, more than 1.4, more than 1.5, more than 1.6, more than 1.7, more than 1.8, more than 1.9, more than 2, be more than 2.1st, more than 2.2, more than 2.3, more than 2.4, more than 2.5, more than 2.6, more than 2.7, more than 2.8, more than 2.9 or more than 3 Apparent specific gravity.In some embodiments, can be buoyant in proppant, i.e. with the concrete ratio less than carrier fluid In the case of weight, term " deposition " also comprising depositing upwards or should be floated.

" stable " or " steadyization " or similar terms refer to the mixed mortar (CBS) of concentration, wherein the gravity sedimentation quilt of granule Suppress, so as to not form free fluid or minimum free fluid, and/or interlayer does not have rheological characteristic or rheological characteristic minimum in CBS, And/or expected CBS was stored on the persistent period with use condition, mortar substantially can be considered as to be stablized, such as by stability The CBS of test or its equivalent test.In one embodiment, stability can follow different sedimentary conditions to assess, for example Static state only under gravity, or the dynamic under vibration effect, or adopted before or after at least one static deposition conditions The dynamic static conditions of at least one dynamic deposition conditions.

Static sedimentation test condition can include specifying the gravity sedimentation of time period, for example, 24 hours, 48 hours, it is 72 little When etc., they are typically represented with corresponding dummy suffix notation " 24h- is static ", " 48h- is static " or " 72h- is static ".Dynamic deposition is surveyed Strip part generally indicates frequency of vibration and persistent period, for example, 4h@15Hz (4 hours, 15Hz), 8h@5Hz (8 hours, 5Hz) Deng.Unless otherwise noted, otherwise Dynamic deposition test condition is the vibration amplitude of 1mm vertical movements.Dynamic static sedimentation test strip Part will indicate to be analyzed before depositional history, including the final time section of global vibration persistent period and static conditions, such as 4h@ 15Hz/20h- static state refers to 20 hours after vibration in 4 hours and refers to 8 hours and always shake in static state, or 8h@15Hz/10d- static state The dynamic time, such as it is in static state within 20 hours after vibration in 4 hours, then vibrates within 4 hours, then 10 days static conditions.Do not having It is contrary indicate in the case of, it is intended that " 8h@15Hz/10d- are static " refers to vibration in 4 hours, be then within 20 hours it is static, then 4 Hour is vibrated, then 10 days static conditions.In the case of the sedimentary condition do not specified, sedimentary condition is 72 hours static state. Stability is deposited and test condition is carried out at 25 DEG C, is specified unless there are other.

As used herein, concentration mixed mortar (CBS) can meet at least one of following condition：

(1) mortar has equal to or more than 1Pa-s (5.11s^-1, 25 DEG C) low sheraing stickiness；

(2) mortar have equal to or more than 1pa herschel bulkley (including Bingham body) yield stress (such as Determined by manner described herein)；Or

(3) the largest particles mode in mortar has the static sedimentation speed less than 0.01mm/hr；Or

(4) 72 hours static sedimentation test conditions or the quiet Dynamic deposition test conditions of 8h@15Hz/10d- (vibrate within 4 hours, Then 20 hours in static state, then 4 hours vibrate, last 10 days static conditions) at the end of any free fluid depth No more than the 2% of total depth；Or

Across post layer after (5) 72 hours static sedimentation test conditions or the quiet Dynamic deposition test conditions of 8h@15Hz/10d- Apparent dynamic stickiness (25 DEG C, 170s^-1) it is not more than +/- the 20% of initial dynamic stickiness；Or

Any freedom after (6) 72 hours static sedimentation test conditions or the quiet Dynamic deposition test conditions of 8h@15Hz/10d- The mortar fractional solid volume (SVF) across post layer below water layer is unlike initial SVF greatly more than 5%；Or

Any freedom after (7) 72 hours static sedimentation test conditions or the quiet Dynamic deposition test conditions of 8h@15Hz/10d- The density across post layer below water layer is not more than the 1% of initial density.

In some embodiments, concentration mixed mortar includes at least one of following stability indicator：(1) at least 0.4 SVF, up to SVF=PVF；(2) at least 1Pa-s (5.11s^-1, 25 DEG C) low sheraing stickiness；(3) at least 1Pa's is in the wrong Take stress (such as defined herein)；(4) at least 50mPa-s (170s^-1, 25 DEG C) apparent stickiness；(5) multi-modal solid Phase；(6) solid phases of the PVF more than 0.7；(7) volume based on fluid phase, thickening agent selected from numerical range from 0.01 up to The Surfactant Used in Viscoelastic Fracturing Fluids of 7.2g/L (60ppt), and numerical range is from the hydrability glue of 0.01 up to 4.8g/L (40ppt) Solidifying agent；(8) colloidal solid；(9) granule fluid density increment is less than 1.6g/mL, and (for example, concrete proportion is less than 2.65g/mL's Granule, carrier fluid or its combination of the density more than 1.05g/mL)；(10) aspect ratio is at least 6 granule；(11) containing cilium or The proppant of cladding；And (12) and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment, at least one formation (steadyization) concentration mixing of operation is surely changed by following mortar Mortar：(1) enough granules are introduced mortar or treatment fluid the SVF for the treatment of fluid is increased at least 0.4；(2) by sand The low sheraing stickiness of slurry or treatment fluid increases at least 1Pa-s (5.11s^-1, 25 DEG C)；(3) by mortar or treatment fluid Yield stress increases at least 1Pa；(4) the apparent stickiness of mortar or treatment fluid is increased at least 50mPa-s (170s^-1, 25℃)；(5) in multi-modal solid phase being introduced into into mortar or treatment fluid；(6) solid phase by PVF more than 0.7 is incorporated into mortar Or in treatment fluid；(7) thickening agent is introduced in phase mortar or treatment fluid, based on the volume of fluid phase, the thickening agent is selected from number Value Surfactant Used in Viscoelastic Fracturing Fluids of the scope from 0.01 up to 7.2g/L (60ppt), and numerical range is from 0.01 up to 4.8g/L (40ppt) hydrability gellant；(8) in introducing colloidal particles into mortar or treatment fluid；(9) by granule fluid density increment Decrease below 1.6g/mL and (for example, introduce granule of the concrete proportion less than 2.65g/mL, carrier of the density more than 1.05g/mL Fluid or its combination)；(10) granule that aspect ratio is at least 6 is introduced to mortar or treatment fluid；(11) cilium or cladding will be contained Proppant be introduced in mortar or treatment fluid；And (12) and combinations thereof.It can individually carry out or together that mortar surely changes operation Shi Jinhang, for example, introducing a kind of thickening agent can also increase low sheraing stickiness, yield stress, apparent stickiness etc., or alternatively Ground or additionally, for thickening agent, can add single reagent to increase low sheraing stickiness, yield stress and/or apparent Stickiness.

Carrier fluid stickiness in increase Newtonian fluid also proportionally increases the resistance of carrier fluid motion.At some In embodiment, carrier fluid has in 170s^-1With 25 DEG C at determine following apparent dynamic stickiness lower limit：At least about 10mPa-s, or at least about 25mPa-s, or at least about 50mPa-s, or at least about 75mPa-s, or at least about 100mPa-s, or extremely Few about 150mPa-s, or at least about 300mPa-s, or at least about 500mPa-s.The shortcoming of increase stickiness is with stickiness Increase, pumping the friction pressure of mortar typically also can increase.In some embodiments, carrier fluid has in 170s^-1With 25 The upper limit of the following apparent dynamic stickiness determined at DEG C：Less than about 1000mPa-s, or less than about 500mPa-s, or less than about 300mPa-s, or less than about 150mPa-s, or less than about 100mPa-s, or less than about 50mPa-s.In one embodiment, Fluid phase stickiness scope is from any lower limit to any higher upper limit.

In some embodiments, reagent simultaneously thickening and can give yield stress feature, and in other enforcement In scheme, it is also used as lubricant to reduce friction pressure loss during pumping treatment fluid.In one embodiment, liquid Body phase is substantially without numerical range from the thickening agent of the 0.01 up to 12g/L (0.08-100ppt) of liquid phase or comprising numerical range From the thickening agent of the 0.01 up to 12g/L (0.08-100ppt) of liquid phase.Thickening agent can be viscoelastic surfactant (VES) or hydrability gellant, such as polysaccharides, it can be crosslinking.When using thickening agent and/or yield stress fluid, In some embodiments, proppant deposition can destroy fluid to excite by using gel breaker.In some embodiments, To the process of mortar steadyization for the storage under surface condition and/or pumping or other purposes and proppant transmission and cloth Put, realized being excited to shaft bottom deposition after a while before crack closure, this can be at relatively high temperatures, such as some ground Layer, the temperature difference between shaft bottom and ground is probably significant and (for example, ramuscule is supportted for thickening agent, any steadyization granule is excited Agent granule) activation of degraded, yield stress reagent or feature and/or gel breaker of (if present) is useful.Therefore, In some embodiments, temperature sensitive or time-sensitive gel breaker reacts gel breaker or time delay by gel breaker by time delay It is mixed in mortar go stability and/or proppant to start mortar to deposit, it may be possible to useful.

In various embodiments, fluid can include filtration control agent, for example, latex dispersion, water-soluble polymer, Submicron particle, aspect ratio higher than 1 or the microgranule higher than 6 with and combinations thereof etc., the polyvinyl alcohol microgel of such as crosslinking.Fluid Fluid loss agents can be for example latex dispersion of the common butadiene of polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylidene chloride or polystyrene；Such as hydroxyl The water-soluble polymer of ethyl cellulose (HEC), guar gum, polyacrylamide copolymer and its derivant；Size range is 30nm to 1 micron of particulate fluid filtration control agent, such as γ-Alumina, silica gel, Calcium Carbonate, silicon dioxide, bentonite；Have Microgranule of different shapes, such as glass fibre, floccule, tablet, thin film；And its any combinations etc..If desired, fluid Fluid loss agents can also be included or for acrylamide group methyl propane sulfonic acid polymer (AMPS) or in combination using.At one In embodiment, filtration control agent includes reaction solid, for example, the hydrolyzable material of PGA, PLA etc.；Or it can include water Dissolubility or soluble material, such as paraffin, oil-soluble resin dissolve in another kind of material in Hydrocarbon or at a low ph may be used Molten Calcium Carbonate or another kind of material；Etc..In one embodiment, filtration control agent includes consolidating selected from the reaction of following item Body：Silica flour, oil-soluble resin, degradable rock salt, clay, zeolite etc..In other embodiments, filtration control agent bag Include magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, Calcium Carbonate, magnesium Calcium Carbonate, aluminium hydroxide, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, aluminium metaphosphate, many phosphorus of zinc potassium sodium The one or more of which of silicate glass and sodium calcium and magnesium polyphosphate glass etc..Treatment fluid can also include colloidal solid, example Such as silica gel, it can serve as filtration control agent, gellant and/or viscosifier.

In various embodiments, the treatment fluid containing proppant can be included per mL treatment fluids from 0.06 or 0.12g The proppant of (corresponding to 0.5 or 1ppa) up to 1.2 or 1.8g/mL (corresponding to 10 or 15ppa).In some embodiments, Entrainment proppant treatment fluid can have relatively low proppant load and rear in the fracturing fluid of early stage injection There is of a relatively high proppant load in the fracturing fluid of phase injection, this can correspond to crack near tip relative narrower The relatively wide fracture width of fracture width and near wellbore.For example, proppant load can be initially started in 0.48g/mL (4ppa) and finally climbing to 0.6g/mL (6ppa).

Embodiment

In this example, in the earth formation crack is formed in 37m (120ft) interval, it has 14.5MPa's (2,100psi) The rigidity of closure stress and 20,700MPa (3x106psi).Using the modeling tools of FracCADE 7.4, it is determined that need 30% Support region overlay, and the channel breadth that 1,000mm can be supported.The crack treatment fluid for being used has by containing 120g/L (1ppa) proppant sub-stage is carried made by the aqueous carrier fluid of 30/50 mesh proppant secretly.Flowed using borate x- crosslinkings Body, it includes the guar gum of 3.6x10-3g/ml, the glycerol of 3.6 × 10-5g/ml, the potassium hydroxide of 2.4 × 10-5g/ml, The potassium borate of 7.3 × 10-5g/ml, the alcohol alcoxylates of 2.4 × 10-5g/ml, the tetramethyl-ammonium chloride of 6.0 × 10-5g/ml, 1.0 The triethanolamine of × 10-4g/ml and the Ammonium persulfate. of 1.2 × 10-4-3.6x10-4g/ml.By the way that PLA fibers are pressed into 1.2x10- 3g/ml continues 15 seconds and is added in fluid while keeping constant support agent load without fiber pulse alternately pulse in 15 seconds Channelizing function is provided to carrying proppant sub-stage secretly.The non-supported jizi for making dumplings stage is made up of the aqueous carrier fluid of identical component. These sub-stages press the pressure pumping of the speed of 53L/ seconds (20BPM) and 24MPa (3,500psi), wherein entrainment supports jizi for making dumplings rank Respectively the volume with 6.4m3 (40bbls) and non-supported jizi for making dumplings stage respectively have 3.2m3 (20bbls) to section.In initial support agent It is the pad stage of 31.8m3 (200bbls) before sub-stage, and last proppant sub-stage is afterwards 23.9m3 (150bbls) displacement fluid.This pumping schedule is designed to meet the minimal proppant of model determination and covers and largest passages width.

Although illustrating in accompanying drawing and in being described above and describing these embodiments, they should be regarded as illustrative Rather than the restriction in feature, it should be understood that only illustrate and describe some embodiments and fall in the spirit of these embodiments All changes and modification expect protected.It should be appreciated that, although used in described above such as ideally, expect Ground, first-selected, vocabulary preferably, preferably, more preferably or exemplarily are probably the more phase using the feature for indicating so description It is hoping or with distinctive, but, these and non-vital, and the embodiment without these can also be conceived to And disclose in scope in the present invention, the scope is defined by the following claims.During reading right claim, using such as During the vocabulary of " one ", " at least one " or " at least a portion ", it is intended to unintentionally the claim is limited to into only one, unless State otherwise is ad hoc carried out in the claim.When using language " at least a portion " and/or " part ", this can With including a part and/or whole item, except non-exclusively having carried out state otherwise..

Claims (20)

1. a kind of crack processing method of the subsurface formations penetrated for pit shaft, it includes：

The closure stress and rigidity of the interval on the stratum are accounted for；

Closure stress and rigidity based on the interval is modeled to the interval, to determine the interval in be intended to prevent open logical Maximum open channel width in the crack that road caves between the minimum vertex-covering of supporting zone and the supporting zone；

Prepare the treatment fluid stage, the treatment fluid stage includes alternate richness solid particle sub-stage and lean solid particle Stage, wherein the volume of each is more than the adjacent lean micropartical rank in the lean micropartical stage in the rich microgranule sub-stage The respective volume of section；

By the way that alternately the rich solid particle sub-stage and lean solid particle sub-stage be injected in the crack, to be higher than Frac pressure is injected into the treatment fluid stage of the preparation in the stratum；

Multiple rich microgranule isolated island regions are formed in the crack with provide as it is described modeling determine supporting zone at least most Little covering；

The interference networks in open channel region, the open channel region are formed between the isolated island region in the crack With the channel breadth less than the largest passages width as described in the modeling determination；

Reduce the pressure in the crack to close the crack being supported on the isolated island region；And

Fluid stream is guided through the open channel region the stratum and the pit shaft with hydraulic way.

2. method according to claim 1, is additionally included in the rich solid particle isolated island region in the crack on the spot Channelizing, to form solid particle cluster in the isolated island region, the solid particle cluster is led in the isolated island region Cross open space to separate with adjacent solid microgranule cluster.

3. method according to claim 1, wherein described rich solid particle sub-stage processing stage described in fluid and The lean solid particle sub-stage has from 60:40 to 95:5 cumulative volume ratio.

4. method according to claim 1, wherein described rich solid particle sub-stage processing stage described in fluid and The lean solid particle sub-stage has from 70:30 to 90:10 cumulative volume ratio.

5. a kind of method for processing the subsurface formations that pit shaft is penetrated, it includes：

The treatment fluid stage is injected in the stratum higher than frac pressure for the mixture of solid particle to be distributed in crack In；

The rich solid particle sub-stage and lean solid particle sub-stage in the treatment fluid stage are alternately injecting into into described splitting In seam, wherein the volume of each is more than adjacent lean in the lean solid particle sub-stage in the rich solid particle sub-stage The respective volume of solid particle sub-stage [what is be close to is front or rear], to form multiple rich solid particle isolated islands in the crack Region and the interference networks in open channel region are formed between the isolated island region；

On the spot by the rich microgranule isolated island regional channel in the crack, to form microgranule cluster in the isolated island region Group, the microgranule cluster is separated by open space in the isolated island region with adjacent microparticles cluster；

The pressure in the crack is reduced with by the crack closure to the isolated island region；And

Fluid stream is guided through the open channel region the stratum and the pit shaft with hydraulic way.

6. method according to claim 5, wherein the rich solid particle sub-stage respectively includes what is injected with different rates ALT pulse.

7. method according to claim 5, wherein the rich solid particle sub-stage respectively includes ALT pulse, the alternating Pulse includes that the substance of one or more components in the ALT pulse is uniformly distributed and at least friendship of another component For the inhomogeneous distribution between pulse.

8. method according to claim 5, wherein the rich microgranule sub-stage respectively includes ALT pulse, the ALT pulse Including the substance of one or more components in the ALT pulse be uniformly distributed and the ALT pulse of another component between Inhomogeneous distribution, described another component is selected from the solid particle, fiber, anchoring agent, binding agent, bonding adjuvant, viscous Knot adjuvant activator, bonding liquid, induction deposition exciting agent, thick gel macrostructure and combinations thereof.

9. method according to claim 5, wherein the treatment fluid stage include carrying fluid.

10. method according to claim 5, wherein the treatment fluid stage include oil-in-water emulsion, the water bag Oil emulsion includes being dispersed in the hydrophobic liquid that water is carried in fluid.

11. methods according to claim 5, wherein the treatment fluid stage include carry fluid in viscoelastic surface Activating agent.

12. methods according to claim 5, wherein the treatment fluid stage include pH controlling agents.

13. methods according to claim 5, wherein the treatment fluid stage is including ester and also includes from the ester Release acid.

14. methods according to claim 5, wherein the lean solid particle sub-stage includes fiber.

15. methods according to claim 5, wherein the lean solid particle sub-stage includes freely interspersing among to be suspended in holding The solid particle mortar in the fluid space around macrostructure [colloid is rolled into a ball or fiber] in carrying object.

16. methods according to claim 5, wherein described rich solid particle sub-stage processing stage described in fluid and The lean solid particle sub-stage has from 60:40 to 95:5 cumulative volume ratio.

17. methods according to claim 5, wherein described rich solid particle sub-stage processing stage described in fluid and The lean solid particle sub-stage has from 70:30 to 90:10 cumulative volume ratio.

18. methods according to claim 5, wherein the rich solid particle sub-stage provides at least minimum of supporting zone Cover, at least minimum vertex-covering of the supporting zone is including sufficiently small described with suppression between the isolated island and the supporting zone The channel breadth that the open channel region in internet caves in.

A kind of 19. systems for producing reservoir fluid, it includes：

The subsurface formations that pit shaft is penetrated；

Crack, the crack is between the stratum and the pit shaft by the open channel network flow between multiple supporting zones Body phase is led to；

The supporting zone provides the covering bigger than the covering of the open channel, and the open channel has and is intended to suppression Make the width that the open channel between the supporting zone caves in；

The supporting zone respectively includes multiple proppant clusters, and the plurality of proppant cluster is led in the respective support region Cross open space to separate between the cluster for supporting.

A kind of 20. systems for processing the crack interval on the stratum that pit shaft is penetrated, it includes：

The subsurface formations that pit shaft is penetrated；

The treatment fluid stage being at least partially disposed in the pit shaft, the treatment fluid stage includes rich solid particle Stage and lean solid particle sub-stage, wherein the volume of each is micro- more than the lean solid in the rich solid particle sub-stage The respective volume of the adjacent lean solid particle sub-stage [what is be close to is front or rear] in the particle stage, to be formed in the crack Multiple rich solid particle isolated island regions and the interference networks in open channel region are formed between the isolated island region；

The rich solid particle sub-stage respectively include ALT pulse, the ALT pulse include the ALT pulse in one or The substance of multiple components is uniformly distributed and the inhomogeneous distribution at least between the ALT pulse of another component, so as in institute State the rich microgranule isolated island regional channel in crack on the spot, it is described micro- to form microgranule cluster in the isolated island region Grain cluster is separated by open space in the isolated island region with adjacent microparticles cluster；

Pumping system, the pumping system be used for higher than frac pressure pressure by the treatment fluid stage from the pit shaft It is injected into the stratum treatment fluid stage is injected in the crack in the stratum；And

Closing well system, the closing well system is used for the crack closure to the rich solid particle isolated island region.