CN107417742A - 一种新型芳基嘧啶c‑核苷类似物及其合成方法 - Google Patents

一种新型芳基嘧啶c‑核苷类似物及其合成方法 Download PDF

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CN107417742A
CN107417742A CN201610933605.5A CN201610933605A CN107417742A CN 107417742 A CN107417742 A CN 107417742A CN 201610933605 A CN201610933605 A CN 201610933605A CN 107417742 A CN107417742 A CN 107417742A
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张福义
刘虹
吴春丽
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种新型芳基嘧啶C‑核苷类似物及其合成方法。使用廉价的天然糖,采用简洁高效的合成方法,得到了一系列结构十分新颖的芳基嘧啶C‑核苷类似物。合成方法对底物具有很好的普适性,合成的类似物具有潜在的抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等生物学活性,能为新药开发提供生物活性分子。这些芳基嘧啶C‑核苷类似物,在酸性条件下进行简单的脱保护基操作,即可得到水溶性更大的芳基嘧啶C‑核苷类似物,同样具有潜在的生物学活性。

Description

一种新型芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物及其合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及有机化学合成领域,具体说是涉及一种新型芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物的合成方法,这类芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物具有潜在的抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等多种生物学活性,可用于一类新药的开发。
背景技术
C-核苷及其类似物是糖环(或无环糖)与杂环通过C-C键相连。这类化合物不同于一般的核苷类化合物(糖与杂环通过C-N建相连),它能抵御水解酶的水解,因而能够使其与DNA或RNA合成酶作用,从而表现出抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等生物学活性。例如ezomycin B2(一种嘧啶碳核苷类似物)具有抗真菌活性。
非天然碱基可用来替代天然碱基合成C-核苷类似物。与一般的C-核苷相比,在芳基替代碱基的C-核苷类似物中,由于芳基的疏水性,π-π相互作用增加,使其处于有利的溶剂化能量,可选择性地与寡核苷酸疏水碱基配对,这类化合物除了具有生物活性外,还可用来研究DNA与蛋白质的识别过程,以及DNA修复酶的反应机理。
自从第一个C-核苷类似物焦土霉素(showdomycin)从焦链霉菌(Streptomycesshowdoensis)中分离出来,并发现它具有很强的抗菌和抗肿瘤活性以来,一些具有重要生物活性的C-核苷类似物从天然产物中陆续分离或由人工合成得到。C-核苷类似物已经成为新药开发中寻找生物活性分子,发现先导化合物的重要源泉。由于耐药细菌、病毒及真菌的不断出现,寻找结构新型的生物活性C-核苷类似物,从而开发一类新药是一个永恒的课题。现有C-核苷类似物的结构种类是有限的,合成方法大多路线长,副反应多,收率低。因此,开发合成新方法,从而合成结构新颖、具有潜在生物活性的C-核苷类似物是十分必要的。本发明采用简洁的合成新方法,间接在嘧啶环上引入疏水性的芳香环,合成了一系列结构新颖、具有潜在生物活性的芳基C-核苷类似物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种简洁的新型芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物的合成方法,间接在嘧啶环上引入疏水性的芳香环,合成了一系列结构新颖、具有潜在生物活性的芳基C-核苷类似物。本发明的芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物中,芳基取代的嘧啶环与糖环或无环糖以C-C键相连,结构式如下:
其中:R1为氢,氟,甲基;R2为氢,甲基;R3为氢,甲基;R4为甲基,氨基,苯基。
本发明的芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物是按照如下路线合成的:将各种炔糖(1a-1h)分别与取代的芳酰氯(或酰溴)进行Sonogashira反应,然后与各种脒或脒盐反应,得到目标化合物2aa-2he。
其具体步骤如下:
1)按照炔糖毫摩尔数与溶剂体积(毫升)比为1∶10的比例将炔糖溶解于溶剂中,,制成炔糖溶液待用;
2)将相当于炔糖1~10mol%量的钯催化剂和相当于炔糖1~10mol%量的CuI以及相当于炔糖1.1~1.5当量的酰基氯或酰基溴先后加入新取的溶剂中,所述钯催化剂、CuI、酰基氯或酰基溴的毫摩尔数总和与新取溶剂的体积(毫升)比为1∶10;然后加入相当于炔糖1~5当量的碱,通入氩气或氮气去除空气,室温搅拌;
3)将步骤1)所制备的炔糖溶液在隔绝空气条件下缓缓加入步骤2)的最终溶液中,TLC跟踪反应至炔糖原料消失,再向反应液中加入相当于炔糖1~2当量的脒或脒盐,以及相当于炔糖1~3当量的碱,搅拌加热至60~80℃反应,TLC跟踪至反应完全;加入纯水,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸去溶剂,粗产品用柱层析或制备板层析分离,即得目标化合物。
所述钯催化剂取自PdCl2(PPh3)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、PdCl2(CH3CN)2、PdCl2(dppf)2、Pd2(dba)3、PdCl2(PCy3)2中的任意一种。
所述溶剂为四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙腈、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氧六环、二甲基亚砜中的任意一种。
所述的碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、二甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、二异丙胺、二异丙基乙胺、吡咯烷、四丁基氟化铵、1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷(DABCO)、1,8一二氮杂二环[5,4,0]十一一7一烯(DBU)、吡啶、咪唑。
所述的脒或脒盐为盐酸胍、盐酸乙脒、苄脒。
所述的酰基氯或酰基溴为苯甲酰氯、取代的苯甲酰氯、苯甲酰溴、取代的苯甲酰溴中任意一种。
本发明的芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物的合成方法所用糖原料为炔基糖,这些炔基糖是由廉价的天然糖,按照文献方法制备而来((1)Fuyi Zhang,et al.,Chem.Commun.,2014,50,5771-5773;(2)Fuyi Zhang,et al.,J.Org.Chem.,2014,79,9490-9499;(3)FuyiZhang,et al.,Carbohydr.Res.,2015,417,41-51.),结构式如下:
本发明的有益效果是:本发明使用廉价的天然糖,采用简洁高效的合成方法,得到了一系列结构十分新颖的芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物。这些类似物具有潜在的抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等生物学活性,能为新药开发提供生物活性分子。这些芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物,在酸性条件下进行简单的脱保护基操作,即可得到水溶性更大的芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物,这些脱去保护基的化合物同样具有潜在的生物学活性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本发明的新型芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物结构式如下:
其中:R1为氢,氟,甲基;R2为氢,甲基;R3为氢,甲基;R4为甲基,氨基,苯基。
其合成方法是:1)按照炔糖毫摩尔数与溶剂体积(毫升)比为1∶10的比例,将炔糖溶解于溶剂中,制成炔糖溶液待用;
2)将相当于炔糖1~10mol%量的钯催化剂和相当于炔糖1~10mol%量的CuI以及相当于炔糖1.1~1.5当量的酰基氯先后加入新取的溶剂中,所述钯催化剂、CuI、酰基氯的毫摩尔数总和与新取溶剂的体积(毫升)比为1∶10;然后加入相当于炔糖1~5当量的碱,通入氩气或氮气去除空气,室温搅拌;
3)将步骤1)所制备的炔糖溶液在隔绝空气条件下缓缓加入步骤2)的最终溶液中,TLC跟踪反应至炔糖原料消失时向反应液中加入相当于炔糖1~2当量的脒或脒盐,以及相当于炔糖1~3当量的碱,搅拌加热至60~80℃反应,TLC跟踪至反应完全;加入纯水,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸去溶剂,粗产品用柱层析或制备板层析分离,即得目标化合物。
其中,上述钯催化剂取自PdCl2(PPh3)2;溶剂为四氢呋喃;碱为碳酸钠;脒或脒盐为盐酸胍;酰基氯为苯甲酰氯。
实施例2
本发明所述的新型芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物结构式如实施例1,其制备方法是:1)按照炔糖毫摩尔数与溶剂体积(毫升)比为1∶10的比例,将炔糖溶解于溶剂中,制成炔糖溶液待用;
2)将相当于炔糖1~10mol%量的钯催化剂和相当于炔糖1~10mol%量的CuI以及相当于炔糖1.1~1.5当量的酰基氯先后加入新取的溶剂中,所述钯催化剂、CuI、酰基氯的毫摩尔数总和与新取溶剂的体积(毫升)比为1∶10;然后加入相当于炔糖1~5当量的碱,通入氩气或氮气去除空气,室温搅拌;
3)将步骤1)所制备的炔糖溶液在隔绝空气条件下缓缓加入步骤2)的最终溶液中,TLC跟踪反应至炔糖原料消失时向反应液中加入相当于炔糖1~2当量的脒或脒盐,以及相当于炔糖1~3当量的碱,搅拌加热至60~80℃反应,TLC跟踪至反应完全;加入纯水,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸去溶剂,粗产品用柱层析或制备板层析分离,即得目标化合物。
其中,上述钯催化剂取自PdCl2(CH3CN)2;溶剂为氯仿;碱为碳酸氢钠;脒或脒盐为盐酸乙脒;酰基氯为对甲基苯甲酰氯。
实施例3
本发明所述的新型芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物结构式如实施例1,其制备方法是:1)按照炔糖毫摩尔数与溶剂体积(毫升)比为1∶10的比例,将炔糖溶解于溶剂中,制成炔糖溶液待用;
2)将相当于炔糖1~10mol%量的钯催化剂和相当于炔糖1~10mol%量的CuI以及相当于炔糖1.1~1.5当量的酰基氯先后加入新取的溶剂中,所述钯催化剂、CuI、酰基氯的毫摩尔数总和与新取溶剂的体积(毫升)比为1∶10;然后加入相当于炔糖1~5当量的碱,通入氩气或氮气去除空气,室温搅拌;
3)将步骤1)所制备的炔糖溶液在隔绝空气条件下缓缓加入步骤2)的最终溶液中,TLC跟踪反应至炔糖原料消失时向反应液中加入相当于炔糖1~2当量的脒或脒盐,以及相当于炔糖1~3当量的碱,搅拌加热至60~80℃反应,TLC跟踪至反应完全;加入纯水,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸去溶剂,粗产品用柱层析或制备板层析分离,即得目标化合物。
其中,上述钯催化剂取自PdCl2(PCy3)2;溶剂为二氧六环;碱为二异丙基乙胺;脒或脒盐为苄脒;酰基氯为对氟苯甲酰氯。

Claims (7)

1.一种新型芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物,其特征在于:所述新型芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物的结构式如下:
其中,R中:R1为氢或氟或甲基;R2为氢或甲基;R3为氢或甲基;R4为甲基或氨基或苯基。
2.一种上述新型芳基嘧啶C-核苷类似物的合成方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)按照炔糖摩尔数与溶剂体积比为1∶10(mmoL∶mL)的比例将炔糖溶解于溶剂中,制成炔糖溶液待用;
2)将相当于炔糖1~10mol%量的钯催化剂和相当于炔糖1~10mol%量的CuI以及相当于炔糖1.1~1.5当量的酰基氯或酰基溴先后加入新取的溶剂中,所述钯催化剂、CuI、酰基氯或酰基溴的摩尔数总和与新取溶剂的体积比为1∶10(mmoL∶mL);然后加入相当于炔糖1~5当量的碱,通入氩气或氮气去除空气,室温搅拌;
3)将步骤1)所制备的炔糖溶液在隔绝空气条件下缓缓加入步骤2)的最终溶液中,TLC跟踪反应至炔糖原料消失时向反应液中加入相当于炔糖1~2当量的脒或脒盐,以及相当于炔糖1~3当量的碱,搅拌加热至60~80℃反应,TLC跟踪至反应完全;加入纯水,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸去溶剂,粗产品用柱层析或制备板层析分离,即得目标化合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述钯催化剂取自PdCl2(PPh3)2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、PdCl2(CH3CN)2、PdCl2(dppf)2、Pd2(dba)3、PdCl2(PCy3)2中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂为四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙腈、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氧六环、二甲基亚砜中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、二甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、二异丙胺、二异丙基乙胺、吡咯烷、四丁基氟化铵、1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷(DABCO)、1,8一二氮杂二环[5,4,0]十一一7一烯(DBU)、吡啶、咪 唑。
6.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的脒或脒盐为盐酸胍、盐酸乙脒、苄脒。
7.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的酰基氯或酰基溴为苯甲酰氯、取代的苯甲酰氯、苯甲酰溴、取代的苯甲酰溴中的任意一种。
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Citations (1)

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WO2016120403A1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-04 Galecto Biotech Ab Alpha-d-galactoside inhibitors of galectins

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WO2016120403A1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-04 Galecto Biotech Ab Alpha-d-galactoside inhibitors of galectins

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