CN107415727A - 控制在感应车道上行驶的电动车辆的操作以影响电网 - Google Patents

控制在感应车道上行驶的电动车辆的操作以影响电网 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107415727A
CN107415727A CN201710356025.9A CN201710356025A CN107415727A CN 107415727 A CN107415727 A CN 107415727A CN 201710356025 A CN201710356025 A CN 201710356025A CN 107415727 A CN107415727 A CN 107415727A
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electric vehicle
power
electric
energy
track
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CN107415727B (zh
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道格拉斯·雷蒙德·马丁
肯尼斯·詹姆斯·米勒
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/005Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles without mechanical contact between the collector and the power supply line
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y10S903/904Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/909Gearing
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    • Y10S903/902Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/951Assembly or relative location of components

Abstract

一种用于影响电网的效率的方法包括在感应车道事件期间以影响由电网供应的能量的量的方式协调沿着感应车道行驶并且具有相反的电力需要的第一电动车辆和第二电动车辆的操作。

Description

控制在感应车道上行驶的电动车辆的操作以影响电网
技术领域
本公开涉及用于控制电动车辆的车辆系统和方法。可以以影响电网和电动车辆两者的效率的方式协调沿着感应车道行驶并且具有相反的电力需要的两个或两个以上的电动车辆的操作。
背景技术
减少机动车燃料消耗和排放的要求是众所周知的。因此,正在开发减少对内燃发动机的依赖的车辆。电动车辆是目前为了这个目的而正在开发的一种类型的车辆。通常,电动车辆与传统的机动车辆不同,因为它们是由一个或多个电池供电的电机选择性地驱动并且可以具有比如内燃发动机这样的附加电源。相比之下,传统的机动车辆完全依赖内燃发动机来驱动车辆。
高电压电池组通常给电机和电动车辆的其他电力负载供电。电池组包括必须定期再充电的多个电池单元。用于对电池单元再充电所必需的能量通常从电网获得。电网包括发电站(煤炭、天然气、核能、化学、水力、太阳能、风力等)、需求中心、以及产生电力并且向消费者传送电力的传输线的互相连接的网络。电网的能量产量必须时刻和来自消费者的能量需求保持平衡。
发明内容
根据本公开的示例性方面的用于影响电网的效率的方法,除其他方面以外,包括在感应车道事件期间以影响由电网供应的能量的量的方式协调沿着感应车道行驶并且具有相反的电力需要的第一电动车辆和第二电动车辆的操作。
在上述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,相反的电力需要指示第一电动车辆和第二电动车辆中的一个需要向感应车道放电多余的再生能量以及第一电动车辆和第二电动车辆中的另一个需要从感应车道接收电力。
在任一上述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,方法包括将来自第一电动车辆和第二电动车辆两者的车辆数据传送至感应车道接口和电网。
在任何上述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,协调第一电动车辆和第二电动车辆的操作包括提供更多或更少的电池电力、发动机动力或车轮扭矩中的至少一个。
在任何上述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,方法包括在第一电动车辆正沿着感应车道的预计电力吸收区域行驶并且第二电动车辆正沿着感应车道的预计电力使用区域行驶的情况下,将来自第一电动车辆的能量添加至感应车道并且接着将来自感应车道的能量添加至第二电动车辆。
在任何上述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,方法包括在协调操作之前确定第一电动车辆和第二电动车辆是否正沿着感应车道行驶以及是否正显示相反的电力需要。
在任何上述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,方法包括确定满足第一电动车辆和第二电动车辆两者的电力需求所必需的共用电力。
在任何上述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,协调第一电动车辆和第二电动车辆的操作包括控制第一电动车辆和第二电动车辆的感应充电系统以向感应车道发送电能或者接受来自感应车道的电能。
在任何上述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,协调第一电动车辆和第二电动车辆的操作包括将来自在感应车道的第一部分上行驶的第一电动车辆的能量放电至感应车道接口以及使用从第一电动车辆放电的能量给在感应车道的第二部分上行驶的第二电动车辆供电。
在任何上述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,方法包括在使用从第一电动车辆放电的能量给第二电动车辆供电之后在第二电动车辆上仍然发生电力短缺的情况下,将来自电网的附加能量添加至第二电动车辆。
在任何上述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,方法包括在使用从第一电动车辆放电的能量给第二电动车辆供电之后在第一电动车辆上仍然发生电力过剩的情况下,将来自第一电动车辆的附加能量放电至感应车道。
根据本公开的另一示例性方面的电动车辆,除其他方面以外,包括一组驱动轮、配置为选择性地给驱动轮供电的储能装置、以及配置具有用于协调电动车辆和沿着感应车道行驶且具有与电动车辆相反的电力需要的其他电动车辆之间的能量传递的指令的控制系统。
在上述电动车辆的另一非限制性实施例中,储能装置是电池组。
在任一上述电动车辆的另一非限制性实施例中,控制系统配置为调整电动车辆的操作以接受来自感应车道接口的能量或者向感应车道接口放电能量。
在任何上述电动车辆的另一非限制性实施例中,控制系统配置为在协调能量传递之前检测在感应车道上行驶的其他电动车辆。
在任何上述电动车辆的另一非限制性实施例中,电动车辆包括与感应车道接口通信以传递能量的感应充电系统。
在任何上述电动车辆的另一非限制性实施例中,相反的电力需要指示电动车辆或其他电动车辆中的一个需要向感应车道放电多余的再生能量并且电动车辆和其他电动车辆中的一个中的另一个需要从感应车道接收电力。
在任何上述电动车辆的另一非限制性实施例中,控制系统配置为从电网接收无线电网信号。
在任何上述电动车辆的另一非限制性实施例中,电源配置为选择性地给驱动轮供电。
在任何上述电动车辆的另一非限制性实施例中,电源是发动机或燃料电池。
可以独立地或任意组合地采取上述段落、权利要求或下面的具体实施方式和附图中的实施例、示例和可选方案,包括它们的任何各个方面或各自单独的特征。针对一实施例所描述的特征适用于所有的实施例,除非这样的特征是不相容的。
根据下面的具体实施方式,本公开的各种特征和优势对本领域技术人员来说,将变得显而易见。伴随具体实施方式的附图可以简短地描述如下。
附图说明
图1示意性地说明电动车辆的动力传动系统;
图2说明沿着感应车道行驶的电动车辆;
图3示意性地说明用于在沿着感应车道行驶时以帮助平衡电网的方式控制电动车辆的控制策略;
图4和5示意性地说明图3的控制策略的示例性实施方式;
图6示意性地说明用于以影响感应车道的效率的方式协调沿着感应车道行驶的电动车辆的操作的另一控制策略。
具体实施方式
本公开描述一种用于与沿着感应车道行驶的其他电动车辆通信的车辆系统。示例性车辆控制策略包括以影响电网的效率的方式控制沿着感应车道行驶并且具有相反的电力需要的电动车辆的操作。在某些实施例中,能量从在感应车道的第一部分(例如,比如下坡部分或出口匝道这样的预计电力吸收区域)上行驶的第一电动车辆放电至感应车道接口,并且这个能量接着用于给在感应车道的第二部分(例如,比如上坡部分或入口匝道这样的预计电力使用区域)上行驶的第二电动车辆供电。这个策略通过最小化由电网供应的电力的量来提高感应车道和在其上行驶的电动车辆的效率。在该具体实施方式的下面段落中更详细地讨论这些和其他特征。
图1示意性地说明电动车辆12的动力传动系统10。在一非限制性实施例中,电动车辆12是混合动力电动车辆(HEV)。在另一非限制性实施例中,电动车辆12是燃料电池车辆。在又一非限制性实施例中,电动车辆12是电动火车。其他电动车辆也可以从本公开的教导中受益,包括能够产生电能并且发送至电网的任何车辆。
在一非限制性实施例中,动力传动系统10是使用第一驱动系统和第二驱动系统的动力分配动力传动系统。第一驱动系统包括发动机14和发电机18(即,第一电机)的组合。第二驱动系统至少包括马达22(即,第二电机)、和电池组24。在该示例中,第二驱动系统被认为是动力传动系统10的电驱动系统。第一和第二驱动系统生成扭矩以驱动电动车辆12的一组或多组车辆驱动轮28。虽然示出动力分配配置,但本公开扩展至包括全混合动力、并联式混合动力、串联式混合动力、轻度混合动力或微混合动力的任何混合动力或电动车辆。
发动机14——其在一实施例中是内燃发动机——和发电机18可以通过比如行星齿轮组这样的动力传输单元30连接。当然,包括其他齿轮组和变速器的其他类型的动力传输单元可以用于将发动机14连接至发电机18。在一非限制性实施例中,动力传输单元30是包括环形齿轮32、中心齿轮34和行星齿轮架总成36的行星齿轮组。
发电机18可以由发动机14通过动力传输单元30驱动,以将动能转换为电能。发电机18可以可选地起马达的作用以将电能转换为动能,从而输出扭矩至连接到动力传输单元30的轴38。由于发电机18可操作地连接至发动机14,所以发动机14的转速可以由发电机18控制。
动力传输单元30的环形齿轮32可以连接至轴40,该轴40通过第二动力传输单元44连接至车辆驱动轮28。第二动力传输单元44可以包括具有多个齿轮46的齿轮组。其他动力传输单元也可以是合适的。齿轮46把扭矩从发动机14传递至差速器48以最终向车辆驱动轮28提供牵引力。差速器48可以包括实现至车辆驱动轮28的扭矩传递的多个齿轮。在一实施例中,第二动力传输单元44通过差速器48机械地连接至车轴50以将扭矩分配至车辆驱动轮28。在一实施例中,动力传输单元30、44是电动车辆12的驱动桥20的一部分。
通过输出扭矩至也连接到第二动力传输单元44的轴52,马达22也可以用于驱动车辆驱动轮28。在一实施例中,马达22是再生制动系统的一部分。例如,马达22可以输出电力至电池组24。
电池组24是示例性电动车辆电池组。电池组24可以是高电压牵引电池组,该高电压牵引电池组包括能够输出电力以操作马达22、发电机18和/或电动车辆12的其他电力负载的多个电池总成25(即,电池阵列或电池单元组)。其他类型的储能装置和/或输出装置也可以用于电驱动电动车辆12。
在一非限制性实施例中,电动车辆12至少具有两种基本的操作模式。电动车辆12可以在电动车辆(EV)模式下操作,在该电动车辆模式下,马达22用于(通常在没有来自发动机14的辅助的情况下)车辆推进,从而使电池组24荷电状态消耗达到在特定驾驶模式/循环下它的最大允许放电率。EV模式是用于电动车辆12的电荷消耗操作模式的示例。在EV模式期间,在某些情况下可以提高电池组24的荷电状态,例如由于一段时间的再生制动。发动机14在默认EV模式下通常是关闭的,但必要时可以基于车辆系统状态或如由操作者所允许地操作。
电动车辆12另外可以在混合动力(HEV)模式下操作,在该混合动力模式下,发动机14和马达22两者用于车辆推进。HEV模式是用于电动车辆12的电荷保持操作模式的示例。在HEV模式期间,电动车辆12可以减少马达22推进使用以便通过提高发动机14推进来将电池组24的荷电状态保持在一恒定或近似恒定的水平。在本公开的范围内,电动车辆12可以在除EV和HEV模式以外的其他操作模式下操作。
电动车辆12也可以包括用于给电池组24的储能装置(例如,电池单元)充电的充电系统16。充电系统16可以连接至用于在整个车辆内接收和分配电力的外部电源(未示出)。充电系统16也可以配备有用于将从外部电源接收的交流(AC)电力转换为用于给电池组24的储能装置充电的直流(DC)电力的电力电子器件。充电系统16也可以供应来自外部电源的一个或多个传统的电压源(例如,110伏、220伏等)。在又一非限制性实施例中,充电系统16是感应充电系统。
在图1中示出的动力传动系统10是高度示意性的并且不旨在限制本公开。在本公开的范围内,动力传动系统10可以可选地或另外使用各种附加部件。
图2示意性地描绘沿着感应车道54行驶的第一电动车辆12A和第二电动车辆12B。电动车辆12A、12B可以彼此相距任何距离。第一电动车辆12A正沿着感应车道54的第一部分S1行驶,并且第二电动车辆12B正在感应车道54的第二部分S2上行驶。如下面进一步地讨论,第一部分S1和第二部分S2是感应车道54的不同部分。第一部分S1和第二部分S2不一定如在图2的高度示意图中描绘的彼此直接邻近。此外,虽然在这个图中描绘两个车辆,但任何数量的电动车辆可以沿着感应车道54在彼此附近行驶。
例如,感应车道54包括可以嵌入在感应车道54里面或固定在感应车道54上方的互相连接的充电模块62的网络。在非限制性实施例中,感应车道54的第一部分S1和第二部分S2中的每一个包括多个充电模块62。充电模块62连接至电网58并且因此由电网58(在连接99处示意性地显示)供电。每个充电模块62包括能够选择性地发射电磁场66以用于向电动车辆12传递能量或者从电动车辆12接收能量的线圈64。因此,充电模块62可以用作接收器或者发射器装置。感应车道54的感应车道接口65配置为与电动车辆12A、12B通信以用于控制充电模块62向电动车辆12发送电能或者从电动车辆12A、12B接收电能的操作。
每个电动车辆12A、12B包括具有适应于通过电磁感应与感应车道54的充电模块62的线圈64通信的线圈70的感应充电系统68。感应充电系统68的线圈70能够发射电磁场76以用于从感应车道54接收能量或向感应车道54传递能量。因此,和充电模块62一样,感应充电系统68可以用作接收器或者发射器。
当电动车辆12A、12B沿着感应车道54行驶时,感应充电系统68的线圈70可以被操纵至相对接近充电模块62中的一个或多个的线圈64,以便电力可以在电动车辆12A、12B和感应车道54之间传输。在本公开中,术语“感应车道事件”指示一事件,在该事件中电动车辆正沿着感应车道54行驶并且正接受来自感应车道54的电能或者向感应车道54发送电能。
每个电动车辆12A、12B包括配置为以影响电网58的方式与其他电动车辆、感应车道54、以及电网58通信的车辆系统56。例如,提高电网58以及沿着感应车道54行驶的电动车辆12A、12B两者的效率可以是可取的。因此,如下面进一步地详细说明,在感应车道事件期间可以以影响电网58的方式协调和选择性地控制电动车辆12A、12B的操作。
在图2中示意性地显示每个车辆系统56的各个部件以更好地说明本公开的特征。然而,这些部件不一定描绘在准确位置中,在实际车辆中它们将在该准确位置中被发现。
在非限制性实施例中,每个示例性车辆系统56包括电源55、高电压电池组57、感应充电系统68、以及控制系统60。电源55可以是比如内燃发动机这样的发动机、燃料电池、或能够发电的任何其他装置。电池组57可以包括一个或多个电池总成,每个电池总成具有多个电池单元、或任何其他类型的储能装置。电池组57的储能装置存储电能,该电能选择性地供应以给车载驻留在电动车辆12上的各种电力负载供电。这些电力负载可以包括各种高电压负载(例如,电机等)或各种低电压负载(例如,照明系统、低电压电池、逻辑电路等)。电池组57的储能装置配置为接受在感应充电系统68处从感应车道54接收的能量或者将能量添加至感应车道54。
每个感应充电系统68可以配备有电力电子器件,该电力电子器件配置为将从感应车道54以及因此从电网58接收的交流电力转换为直流电力以用于给电池组57的储能装置充电,或配置为将从电池组57接收的直流电力转换为交流电力以用于将能量添加至电网58。感应充电系统68也可以配置为供应一个或多个传统的电压源。
每个车辆系统56的控制系统60的一示例性功能是在特定条件下控制电源55的操作以帮助平衡电网58。例如,控制系统60可以调整电源55的操作以在感应车道事件期间或者保存电池组57的荷电状态(SOC)或者消耗电池组57的SOC,这取决于电网58的状态。如果电网58存在能量短缺,则在感应车道事件期间可以命令打开(ON)每个电动车辆12A、12B的电源55(例如,可以增加电力输出或可以增加运行时间)并且调整它的相关致动器。电池组57的SOC因此在驾驶事件期间被保存以在随后的感应车道事件期间用于将能量添加至电网。如果电网58存在能量过剩,则在感应车道事件期间可以可选地限制每个电源55的操作(例如,减少电力输出或减少运行时间)并且调整它的相关致动器。电池组57的SOC因此在感应车道事件期间被消耗并且在感应车道事件的随后部分期间可以通过接受来自电网58的能量而被补充。每个控制系统60另外可以控制电动车辆12的各个其他操作方面。
每个控制系统60可以是总车辆控制系统的一部分或可以是与车辆控制系统通信的单独的控制系统。控制系统60包括配备有用于与车辆系统56的各种部件相连接并且命令车辆系统56的各种部件的操作的可执行指令的一个或多个控制模块78。例如,在一非限制性实施例中,电源55、电池组57、以及感应充电系统68中的每一个包括控制模块,并且这些控制模块通过控制器局域网(CAN)彼此通信以控制电动车辆12A、12B。在另一非限制性实施例中,控制系统60的每个控制模块78包括处理单元72和非暂时性存储器74以用于执行车辆系统56的各种控制策略和模式。下面参考图3和图6进一步地讨论示例性控制策略。
每个控制系统60的另一示例性功能是通过云80(即,互联网)与电网58通信。根据授权的请求,无线电网信号82可以传输至控制系统60。每个无线电网信号82包括用于控制电动车辆12A、12B以便在感应车道事件期间平衡电网58的指令。这些指令可以至少部分地基于在感应车道事件期间电网58是可能经历能量短缺还是能量过剩。在非限制性实施例中,无线电网信号82指导控制系统60在感应车道事件期间调整电源55的操作以保存/增加电池组57的SOC(例如,如果预计到能量短缺状况就预期SOC消耗)或消耗电池组57的SOC(例如,如果预计到能量过剩状况就预期SOC增加)。
无线电网信号82可以通过蜂窝塔84或一些其他已知的通信技术通信。控制系统60可以包括用于与蜂窝塔84双向通信的收发器86。例如,每个收发器86可以从电网58接收无线电网信号82或可以通过蜂窝塔84将数据传送回到电网58。虽然在这个高度示意性实施例中不一定显示或描述,但许多其他部件可以使电动车辆12A、12B和电网58之间能够双向通信。
控制系统60的又一示例性功能是与感应车道54的感应车道接口65通信。在非限制性实施例中,每个控制系统60向感应车道接口65传送信息以用于协调充电模块62和感应充电系统68之间的能量交换。这个信息包括但不限于车辆识别数据、车辆位置数据、车辆方向和速度数据、以及充电数据。充电数据可以包括请求的电力、最大充电电力、最大放电电力、充电或放电的优先次序等。控制系统60配备有用于实现与电网58和感应车道54两者的安全、双向通信的所有必要的硬件和软件。
在又一非限制性实施例中,感应车道54的第一部分S1是预计电力吸收区域,并且感应车道54的第二部分S2是预计电力使用区域。预计电力吸收区域的非限制性示例包括下坡部分或感应车道54的出口匝道,并且预计电力使用区域的非限制性示例包括上坡部分和感应车道54的入口匝道。在这样的情况下,电动车辆12A、12B(以及在近距离内的任何其他电动车辆)的操作可以以影响电网58和每个电动车辆12A、12B两者的效率的方式被协调和控制。
例如,当第二电动车辆12B沿着第二部分S2行驶时不是把来自电网58的能量供应给第二电动车辆12B,而是能量(例如,在沿着感应车道54的部分S1行驶期间得到的多余的再生能量)可以转而从第一电动车辆12A传递至感应车道接口65并且接着从感应车道接口65传递至第二电动车辆12B以用于给沿着第二部分S2的那个车辆供电。控制系统60、感应车道接口65和电网58适应于在感应车道事件期间彼此通信以用于协调在第一和第二电动车辆12A、12B之间的这样的能量传递。
图3——同时继续参考图1和2——示意性地说明用于控制电动车辆12(例如,任一车辆12A、车辆12B、或两者)的车辆系统56的控制策略100。例如,可以执行控制策略100从而在感应车道事件期间以平衡电网58的方式控制电动车辆12的操作。在一非限制性实施例中,用适应于执行示例性控制策略100或任何其他控制策略的一个或多个算法编程车辆系统56的控制系统60。在另一非限制性实施例中,控制策略100在控制系统60的控制模块78的非暂时性存储器74中存储为可执行指令。
控制策略100在框102开始。在框104,电动车辆12与电网58和感应车道54通信。与电动车辆12有关的车辆数据由控制系统60收集并且可以传送至电网58和感应车道接口65两者。车辆数据可以包括电动车辆12的预计驾驶路线、电池组57的当前和预计的SOC、充电信息、以及任何其他相关车辆信息。车辆数据可以可选择地被电网58和/或被感应车道接口65使用以在感应车道事件期间以影响电网58的方式安排感应充电事件。
在框106电动车辆12的控制系统60确定是否已经从电网58接收到无线电网信号82。电网58可以预测在任何给定日期、天和时间是可能存在能量短缺还是能量过剩。这些预测可以基于预计能量需求,该预计能量需求可以基于比如影响家用A/C(空调)使用的需求的天气这样的状况而波动;并且与来自可再生源的预计能量产量相比较以确定优化与车辆电池有关的可再生能量的使用和存储的机会。可再生能源生产源可以基于太阳和风预测而变化。此外,可再生能源和化石燃料的总能量产量与需求相比较以确定存储的或使用的更多的车辆电池是否可以用于平衡瞬态电网不平衡而不是采用附加低效率气体发生器。无线电网信号82基于这些预测并且包括用于控制电动车辆12以平衡电网58的指令。
接着,在框108,无线电网信号82通过控制系统60分析以确定在电动车辆12的下一个预计感应车道事件期间电网58预期是能量短缺还是能量过剩。如果预计到能量短缺,则控制策略100通过计算满足电网58的电力请求所需要的电力(例如,需要的电力=请求的电力+即时车辆推进电力)而前进至框109。接着,在框110,控制系统60致动电源55打开以便电源55给电动车辆12供电而不是电池组57。这可以包括如果电源55已经运行,则增加电力输出和/或增加电源55的运行时间。以这种方式,电池组57的SOC在感应车道事件期间被保存。在另一非限制性实施例中,在框110期间可以控制电源55的电力输出以产生比推进电动车辆12所必需的电力的量更大的电力的量以将电池组57充电至在比如极端电网短缺这样的特定电网状况期间更大的SOC。在框111在确认电动车辆12是否仍然在感应车道上行驶或确认仍然发生电力短缺之后,在框112电源55的电力输出增加以大于推进电动车辆12所需要的推进电力。在框117多余的电力可以添加至感应车道。在框119控制策略100然后可以再次确认发生电力短缺。
在框121电池组57的保存能量然后可以添加至电网58以解决在感应车道事件期间的能量短缺。这可以首先通过将来自电池组57的电能传递至感应充电系统68来发生,该感应充电系统68向感应车道54的充电模块62中的一个或多个发送能量。一旦由感应车道54接收到,能量就可以添加至电网58。
可替代地,如果在框108预计到能量过剩,则在框113确定满足电网的电力请求所需要的电力。控制策略100然后前进至框114并且在感应车道事件之前使电源55的操作减到最少以便电池组57主要给电动车辆12供电。以这种方式,电池组57的SOC在感应车道事件期间被消耗。在框115在确认电动车辆12是否仍然在感应车道上行驶或再次确认电力过剩之后,在框123减少电源55的电力输出或运行时间。在框125接着可以从感应车道接收多余的电力。在框127控制策略100接着可以再次确认发生电力过剩。最后,在框116可以用通过感应充电系统68从感应车道54的充电模块62接收的电力给电池组57充电以解决能量过剩,该电力首先从电网58传送至感应车道54。
图4和5图示地说明通过图3描绘的控制策略100的示例性实施方式。这些示例仅提供用于说明用途,并且因此,在这些图中指示的具体值和参数不旨在以任何方式限制本公开。
图4说明第一电网状况,在该第一电网状况下,在电动车辆12的下一个预计感应车道事件的时间T1处预计到电网短缺(参照图表(a))。为了解决这样的短缺,电动车辆12的电源55在时间T0被命令打开(参照图表(c))——这标志感应车道事件D1的开始——以在感应车道事件D1期间保存电池组57的SOC。电池组57的SOC在感应车道事件D1期间保持相对一致(参照图表(b))。因此,在时间T1和时间T2之间的时间段期间,电网58能够通过与感应车道54的接口从电池组57汲取电力,以帮助平衡电网58(参照图表(b))。
图5说明第二电网状况,在该第二电网状况下,在电动车辆12的下一个预计感应车道事件D1的时间T1处预计到电网过剩(参照图表(a))。为了解决这样的过剩,电动车辆12的电源55的操作在感应车道事件D1期间被限制并且抑制电源55启动命令(参照图表(c))以在感应车道事件D1期间最大化电池组57使用。电池组57的SOC在感应车道事件D1期间被消耗(参照图表(b))。因此,在时间T1和T2之间的时间段期间,电网58能够向感应车道54发送需要的电力,该感应车道54接着向电动车辆12发送用于补充电池组57的SOC的电力以帮助平衡电网58(参照图表(b))。
图6——同时继续参考图1和2——示意性地说明用于协调沿着感应车道54行驶的两个或两个以上电动车辆12A、12B的操作的控制策略200。控制策略200在框202开始。在框204,电动车辆12A、12B两者与电网58和感应车道54通信。与电动车辆12A、12B有关的车辆数据由控制系统60收集并且可以传送至电网58和感应车道接口65两者。车辆数据可以使用安全协议通过Wi-Fi(无线保真)或移动电话传输。车辆数据可以包括电动车辆12A、12B的预计驾驶路线、电池组57的当前和预计的SOC、充电信息、以及任何其他相关车辆信息。车辆数据可以可选择地被电网58和/或感应车道接口65使用以在感应车道事件期间以影响电网58的方式安排感应充电事件。
在框206每个电动车辆12A、12B的控制系统60确定是否已经从电网58接收到无线电网信号82。电网58可以预测在任何给定日期、天和时间是可能存在能量短缺还是能量过剩。这些预测可以基于预计能量需求,该预计能量需求基于比如影响家用A/C使用的需求的天气这样的状况而波动;并且与来自可再生源的预计能量产量相比较以确定优化与车辆电池有关的可再生能量的使用和存储的机会。可再生能源生产源可以基于太阳和风预测而变化。此外,可再生能源和化石燃料的总能量产量与需求相比较以确定存储的或使用的更多的车辆电池是否可以用于平衡瞬时电网不平衡而不是采用附加低效率气体发生器。无线电网信号82基于这些预测并且包括用于控制每个电动车辆12A、12B以影响电网58的指令。
接着,在框208,控制策略200确定具有相反的电力需要的一个或多个其他电动车辆是否正沿着感应车道54行驶。例如,在非限制性实施例中,第一电动车辆12A的控制系统60与第二电动车辆12B的控制系统60通信以确定第二电动车辆12B是否具有电力需要,该电力需要与第一电动车辆12A的需要相反。如在此使用的,“相反的电力需要”指的是这样的一种情况,即,在该情况中一个车辆具有放电能量的需要并且附近的车辆具有接收能量的需要。在另一非限制性实施例中,感应车道接口65协调在电动车辆12A、12B的控制系统60之间的通信。虽然在这个示例中描绘了两个车辆,但可以有沿着感应车道54行驶的多个其他电动车辆,该多个其他电动车辆具有与第一电动车辆12A相反的电力需要。例如,如果仅部分相反的电力可从第二电动车辆12B获得,则第一电动车辆12A用减少的电力前进直到另一车辆(例如,第三电动车辆)可以与第二电动车辆12B结合完成需要的电力总和或者可用可以完全匹配第一电动车辆12A的需要的第四电动车辆。
如果在框208确认在感应车道54上有具有相反的电力需要的两个或两个以上的电动车辆,则控制策略前进至框210。在这个步骤,计算满足第一和第二电动车辆12A、12B两者的电力需要所需要的共用电力。在非限制性实施例中,例如,第二电动车辆12B的控制系统60可以确定它将需要附加电力以用于沿着感应车道54的第二部分S2行驶,并且第一电动车辆12A的控制系统60可以确定它将具有当在感应车道54的第一部分S1上行驶时它需要放电的多余的电力。控制系统60因此彼此协调以计算第一电动车辆12A和第二电动车辆12B两者的共用电力需要。在框212控制系统60可以接着准备调整电动车辆12A、12B的电力输出以满足共用电力需要。可以正好在感应车道事件之前通过供应更多或更少的电池电力、发动机电力、或车轮扭矩来调整电动车辆12A、12B的电力输出。
在框214确认感应车道事件之后,控制策略200前进至框216并且感应车道54向电动车辆12A、12B供应能量或者从电动车辆12A、12B接收能量。继续在第一部分S1上行驶的第一电动车辆12A和在感应车道54的第二部分S2上行驶的第二电动车辆12B的示例,第一电动车辆12A在沿着第一部分S1行驶时向感应车道接口65放电它的多余的再生能量,并且这个能量接着供应给第二电动车辆12B,比如以给电池组57的电池单元或一些其他储能装置充电。以这种方式,通过沿着感应车道54的第一部分S1行驶而得到的第一电动车辆12A的多余的再生能量用于在第二电动车辆12B沿着高电力使用的区域(即,第二部分S2)行驶时给第二电动车辆12B供电,因此减少在感应车道事件期间必须由电网58供应的能量的量。
控制策略200可以接着前进至框218,在框218作出在框216发生的电力传递之后电动车辆12A、12B的储能装置仍然是显示电力短缺还是电力过剩的确定。如果是,则在框220通过供应来自电网58的能量或通过感应车道接口65向电网58供应能量,来将附加能量添加到储能装置或者将能量从储能装置移除。例如,如果在框216以不足以满足电动车辆12A、12B的共用电力需求的方式发生能量传递,则可以执行这个步骤。
虽然不同的非限制性实施例说明为具有特定的部件或步骤,但本公开的实施例不限于那些特定的组合。使用来自任何非限制性实施例的部分部件或特征与来自任何其他非限制性实施例的特征或部件的组合是可能的。
应该理解的是,在几个附图中的相同的附图标记识别对应的或相似的元件。应该理解的是,尽管在这些示例性实施例中公开并且说明了特定的部件设置,但其他设置也可以从本公开的教导中受益。
上述说明应该理解为说明性的并且无任何限制的意义。本领域普通技术人员将要理解的是,某些修改可以发生在本公开的范围内。由于这些原因,应该研究下面的权利要求以确定本公开的准确范围和内容。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于影响电网的效率的方法,所述方法包含:
在感应车道事件期间以影响由所述电网供应的能量的量的方式协调沿着感应车道行驶并且具有相反的电力需要的第一电动车辆和第二电动车辆的操作。
2.一种电动车辆,所述电动车辆包含:
一组驱动轮;
配置为选择性地给所述驱动轮供电的储能装置;以及
控制系统,所述控制系统配置具有用于协调所述电动车辆和沿着感应车道行驶且具有与所述电动车辆相反的电力需要的其他电动车辆之间的能量传递的指令。
3.如权利要求2所述的电动车辆,其中所述储能装置是电池组。
4.如权利要求2所述的电动车辆,其中所述控制系统配置为调整所述电动车辆的操作以接受来自感应车道接口的能量或者向所述感应车道接口放电能量。
5.如权利要求2所述的电动车辆,其中所述控制系统配置为在协调所述能量传递之前检测在所述感应车道上行驶的所述其他电动车辆。
6.如权利要求2所述的电动车辆,其中所述电动车辆包括与感应车道接口通信以传递所述能量的感应充电系统。
7.如权利要求2所述的电动车辆,其中所述相反的电力需要指示所述电动车辆或所述其他电动车辆中的一个需要向所述感应车道放电多余的再生能量并且所述电动车辆和所述其他电动车辆中的所述一个中的另一个需要从所述感应车道接收电力。
8.如权利要求2所述的电动车辆,其中所述控制系统配置为从电网接收无线电网信号。
9.如权利要求2所述的电动车辆,包含配置为选择性地给所述驱动轮供电的电源。
10.如权利要求9所述的电动车辆,其中所述电源是发动机或燃料电池。
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