CN107415287A - 用于生产机动车辆的结构部件的方法 - Google Patents

用于生产机动车辆的结构部件的方法 Download PDF

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CN107415287A
CN107415287A CN201710281821.0A CN201710281821A CN107415287A CN 107415287 A CN107415287 A CN 107415287A CN 201710281821 A CN201710281821 A CN 201710281821A CN 107415287 A CN107415287 A CN 107415287A
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main body
reinforcing element
bonded together
reinforcing
structure member
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伊戈尔·利科
拉斐尔·科赫
塞拉哈丁·图埃尔·梅米利
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Abstract

本公开涉及一种用于制造机动车辆结构部件的方法，该结构部件特别是机动车辆车身部件，其具有由金属材料制成的主体。主体至少部分地设置有纤维复合塑料制成的增强元件。该方法包括以下步骤：提供主体，提供增强元件，将主体和增强元件接合在一起，同时将主体和增强元件加热到一定温度并且持续一段时间，该温度和时间被选择为足够高以使主体的金属材料和增强元件的纤维复合塑料都被硬化。

Description

用于生产机动车辆的结构部件的方法
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于生产机动车辆的结构部件的方法，该结构部件特别是机动车辆车身部件，例如支撑件或车柱。
背景技术
本节中的陈述仅提供与本公开相关的背景信息，并且可以不构成现有技术。
一方面，机动车辆车体应当为机动车辆结构提供高的扭转刚度和稳定性。另一方面，为了例如能够降低车辆的燃料消耗，重量需要尽可能的小。一段时间以来，由纤维增强塑料(FRP)和金属制成的复合材料构成的结构部件因此成为关注的焦点。特别是在车辆结构中，高机械性能与低重量的结合通常导致这种FRP-金属复合材料组件优于常规的铝和钢部件。
形成为FRP-金属复合材料部件的结构部件及其相应的制备方法已经从例如WO2014/111376A1、DE 10 2012 001 577A1、EP 2 033 849A1、CN 104197790A、EP 2 650108A1和US 4 545 105中获知。这些基本上具有共同的特征，即金属主体用纤维增强塑料增强，或者纤维增强塑料用金属嵌入物增强。在这种情况下，纤维增强塑料可以通过加热而被硬化，其中塑料已经预先与金属体接合在一起，从而在塑料硬化后形成由金属体和纤维增强塑料构成的形状配合和整体单元。
为了进一步提供具有高强度的金属体，例如在可硬化的铝合金的情况下，通常已知的是使所述金属体进行热处理，例如时效硬化或烘烤硬化。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种用于生产机动车辆的结构部件的方法，特别是机动车辆车身部件，例如支撑件或车柱。在这方面，该方法减少了制造结构部件的步骤，并且生产出低重量的高强度结构部件。
应当指出，以下描述中单独说明的特征可以以任何期望的技术上有意义的方式彼此组合并且提供本公开的进一步变型。
根据本公开，一种用于制造机动车辆的结构部件的方法，该结构部件特别是诸如支撑件或车柱的机动车身部件，其具有由金属材料制成的主体，金属材料例如是铝、钢、镁、包含上述金属材料的合金等，该主体至少部分地设置有至少一个由纤维复合塑料或纤维增强塑料(FRP)制成的增强元件，所述方法至少包括以下步骤：
-提供主体；
-提供增强元件；
-将所述主体和所述增强元件接合在一起；和
-同时将主体和增强元件加热至一定温度并且持续一段时间，所述温度和所述时间被选择为足够高，以便使主体的金属材料和增强元件的纤维复合塑料都被硬化。
以这种方式，同时加热的步骤有利地涉及两个被组合并同时执行的方法步骤，即金属主体的硬化和纤维复合塑料的硬化。这同时增加了金属主体的强度和纤维复合塑料的强度，该纤维复合塑料在硬化之后还与主体形成形状配合和/或整体单元。因此，根据本公开的方法使得可以用很少的方法步骤制造低重量的高强度结构部件，其结果是可以降低结构部件的生产成本和生产持续时间。由于由增强元件带来的主体的增强，金属主体可以具有相对较小并因此更轻的壁厚。
根据本公开，金属主体的硬化应特别地被理解为时效硬化或烘烤硬化。两种方法通过加热来实现金属材料的强度的增加。时效硬化是基于精确分布形式的亚稳相沉淀，使得后者构成了位错运动的有效障碍，因此显着增加了金属材料的强度。在烘烤硬化过程中，金属材料的强度由于位错处碳原子的积聚而增加。作为示例，在提供有漆的情况下，烘烤硬化也可以与金属材料中的漆的烧制同时产生。将一种形式的金属材料加热至约200℃的温度以进行硬化。
玻璃、碳、芳族聚酰胺等的纤维是嵌入在纤维复合塑料中的一种形式。或者换句话说，将纤维嵌入基质(塑料/树脂)中以产生纤维增强复合材料。
根据本公开的一个变型，提供主体的步骤包括将主体成形为期望的形状。因此，金属主体在与增强元件接合在一起之前可以已经预先成形。
本公开内容的另一变型规定，提供增强元件的步骤包括用热固性聚合物基质预先浸渍增强纤维。基体围绕纤维，例如玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维等，该纤维通过粘合力或内聚力结合到基体上。从而可以实现具有高比刚度和强度的低重量的增强元件，这些性能可以通过与金属主体的组装转移到待生产的结构部件上。
根据本公开的另一变型，接合在一起的步骤包括将主体和增强元件压在一起，使得在压在一起之后，增强元件的至少某些部分具有对应于主体的形状，结果可以进一步提高结构部件的强度性能。
为了在主体和增强元件已经被接合在一起之后抑制主体和增强元件之间的相对位移，本公开的另一变型规定，接合在一起的步骤包括至少局部和临时地将增强元件紧固在主体上。举例来说，可以以一体的方式实现紧固，例如，在主体和增强元件接合在一起之前，将粘合剂施加到主体和/或增强元件以形成在主体和增强元件接合在一起之后的整体结合。另外或作为替代方案，增强元件也可以通过至少一个形状配合和/或力配合元件紧固在主体上。举例来说，这可以在增强元件本身上提供(例如以夹子、钩子等的形式)和/或在主体上提供，从而在主体和增强元件接合在一起之后在它们之间形成形状配合和/或力配合。在任何情况下，相对位移由此被抑制。在接合热处理后可以去除形状配合和/或力配合元件。
在热处理之后，主体连接到增强元件，因此避免了单独的连接过程。
根据本文提供的描述，其他应用领域将变得显而易见。应当理解，说明书和具体示例仅旨在用于说明的目的，并不旨在限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
为了公开内容可以很好地理解，现在将通过示例的方式参考附图描述其各种形式，其中：
图1包括根据本本公开用于将由金属材料制成的主体与由纤维复合塑料制成的增强元件接合以获得的结构部件的第一示例性形式的方法的多个透视图；和
图2是根据本公开的结构部件的第二形式的透视图，其具有根据本公开的教导构造的形状配合和/或力配合元件。
这里描述的附图仅用于说明的目的，并不旨在以任何方式限制本公开的范围。
具体实施方式
以下说明书本质上仅仅是示例性的，并不旨在限制本公开、应用或用途。应当理解，在整个附图中，相应的附图标记表示相似或相应的部件和特征。
在不同的图中，等效功能的部件总是具有相同的附图标记，因此所述部件通常仅被描述一次。
图1根据本公开示出了结构部件1的第一示例性形式的透视图。特别地，图1示出了将由金属材料制成的主体2与由纤维复合塑料(FRP)制成的增强元件3接合的方法的一系列的多个透视图A至H，以获得根据本公开的结构部件1。
在图1中的A视图中，分别设有预成型的金属主体2和具有嵌入在热固性聚合物基体中的多根纤维的未成形的增强元件3。在后续图B至H中，主体2和增强元件3以这样的方式接合在一起或被压在一起，即，使得增强元件3在被压在一起之后具有对应于主体2的形状，如在视图H中示出。
在接合在一起之后，视图H中所示的结构部件1被加热，使得主体2和增强元件3同时被加热到一定温度并且持续一段时间，该温度和时间段被选择为足够高以使主体2的金属材料和增强元件3的纤维复合塑料都被硬化。例如，结构部件1例如在高压釜或炉中的热处理可以包括约为200℃的温度。在增强元件3已经硬化之后，其接合到主体2。理想地，形成形状配合和/或整体结合。在这种情况下，基体或树脂作为主体2和增强元件3之间的粘合剂。
图2根据本公开示出了结构部件4的第二示例性形式的透视图。在示出的结构部件4的情况下，增强元件5在与金属主体2接合在一起之后已经以形状配合和/或力配合的方式借助于多个形状配合和/或力配合元件6(这里示出为夹状元件6的形式)临时连接到主体2上(例如以位置固定的方式固定在其上)，以便防止增强元件5和主体2在被接合在一起并且在同时加热之前两者相对于彼此移位。在增强元件5已经硬化之后，其以形状配合和/或一体的方式连接到主体2。
作为形状配合和/或力配合元件6的替代或补充，增强元件5还可以在接合期间借助于粘合剂以位置固定的方式紧固在主体2上。为此，在主体2和增强元件5接合在一起之前，可以将粘合剂施加到其上。在接点硬化之前，主体2和增强元件5也通过粘合剂彼此一体地连接。
根据本公开的上述方法不限于本文公开的变型，而是还包括具有相同效果的其它变型。
在一种形式中，通过根据本公开的方法产生的结构部件1在机动车辆中用作车身部件，例如作为机动车辆B柱。
本公开的描述本质上仅仅是示例性的，因此，不偏离本公开实质的变型旨在落在本公开的范围内。例如，可以使用热塑性树脂/塑料(在更高的接合温度下)，这将与金属主体的温度相适应。此外，在保持在本公开的范围内的情况下，多个主体和增强元件可以用于各种应用中，其不限于机动车辆。这些变型不被认为是偏离了本公开的精神和范围。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于制造机动车辆结构部件的方法，所述结构部件特别是机动车辆车身部件，所述结构部件具有由金属材料制成的主体，所述主体至少部分地设置有至少一个由纤维复合塑料制成的增强元件，所述方法包括：
提供所述主体；
提供所述增强元件；
将所述主体和所述增强元件接合在一起；和
同时将所述主体和所述增强元件加热至一定温度并且持续一段时间，所述温度和所述时间被选择为足够高，以使所述主体的所述金属材料以及所述增强元件的所述纤维复合塑料都被硬化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中提供所述主体的步骤包括将所述主体成形为期望的形状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中提供所述增强元件的步骤包括用热固性聚合物基质预先浸渍增强纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述接合在一起的步骤包括将所述主体和所述增强元件压在一起，使得在压在一起之后，所述增强元件的至少某些部分具有对应于所述主体的形状。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述接合在一起的步骤包括至少临时地将所述增强元件位置固定在所述主体上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中在所述主体和所述增强元件接合在一起之前，将粘合剂施加到所述增强元件，以便在所述主体和所述增强元件已经接合在一起之后并且在所述主体和所述增强元件被硬化在一起之前，在所述主体和所述增强元件之间形成整体结合。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述位置固定是通过至少一个形状配合和力配合元件来实现。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述至少一个形状配合和力配合元件限定夹子的形状。
9.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述位置固定是通过至少一个形状配合和力配合元件以及粘合剂来实现。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述主体是铝，并且所述增强元件是纤维增强的热固性复合材料。
11.一种根据权利要求1所述的方法制造的部件。
12.一种具有根据权利要求1所述的方法制造的至少一个部件的机动车辆。
13.一种用于制造机动车辆结构部件的方法，所述结构部件特别是机动车辆车身部件，所述结构部件具有由金属材料制成的主体，所述主体至少部分地设置有至少一个由纤维复合塑料制成的增强元件，所述方法包括：
提供所述主体；
提供所述增强元件；
将所述主体和所述增强元件接合在一起，并且通过至少一个形状配合和力配合元件将所述增强元件位置固定在所述主体上；和
同时将所述主体和所述增强元件加热至一定温度并且持续一段时间，所述温度和所述时间被选择为足够高，以使所述主体的所述金属材料以及所述增强元件的所述纤维复合塑料都被硬化。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中提供所述增强元件的步骤包括用热固性聚合物基体预先浸渍增强纤维。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述接合在一起的步骤包括将所述主体和所述增强元件压在一起，使得在压在一起之后，所述增强元件的至少某些部分具有对应于所述主体的形状。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中在所述主体和所述增强元件接合在一起之前，将粘合剂施加到所述增强元件，以便在所述主体和所述增强元件已经接合在一起之后并且在所述主体和所述增强元件被硬化在一起之前，在所述主体和所述增强元件之间形成整体结合。
17.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述主体是铝，并且所述增强元件是纤维增强的热固性复合材料。
18.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述至少一个形状配合和力配合元件限定夹子的形状。
19.一种根据权利要求13所述的方法制造的部件。
20.一种具有根据权利要求13的方法制造的至少一个部件的机动车辆。
CN201710281821.0A 2016-04-29 2017-04-26 用于生产机动车辆的结构部件的方法 Pending CN107415287A (zh)

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