CN107402232A - The dynamic blast absolute rating assay method of fuel gas - Google Patents
The dynamic blast absolute rating assay method of fuel gas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to Safety Technology for Industry field, to solve the problems such as can not determining the parameter of dynamic blast limiting behaviour, there is provided a kind of dynamic blast absolute rating assay method of fuel gas.The flow velocity for firing pipe can be full of when calculating gas air inlet simultaneously；By experimental provision vacuum state, flammable source of the gas and air-source are opened, is full of mixed gas within the scheduled time and fires pipe；Continuing ventilation makes mixed gas keep flow regime in pipeline；Open high-voltage discharger igniting, trigger data acquisition recorder and high-speed motion picture camera simultaneously, by observing whether mixed gas is ignited, next experiment is carried out if lighting collection blast pressure parameter and recording the flame propagation of mixed gas dynamic blast and reduce combustable gas concentration, if not being ignited increase combustable gas concentration carries out next experiment；Pipeline is cleared up with air compressor machine.Mainly for the industrial combustion gas dynamic blast limit and the measure of other explosive characteristic parameters.Reduce error；It is convenient for the research of fuel gas dynamic blast.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Safety Technology for Industry field, and in particular to the dynamic blast absolute rating measure side of fuel gas
Method, it can be directly used for the experimental study side of the characteristic parameter measure such as dynamic blast limit of fuel gas in industrial production and transport
Method.
Background technology
In existing technology, the research that colleges and universities and research institute explode to gas fuel burning is substantially in static conditions
Lower progress, domestic and international existing common static explosion experimental facility is most of to be existed using U.S. Bureau H.F.Coward
The device pattern or improved on its basis that nineteen fifty-two proposes, if its structure is fuel gas supply system, air inlet system
System, ignition system, pumped vacuum systems, fire pipe composition, measuring accuracy is higher, but visual effect is poor, without gas mixing
System, and the mixing uniformity of fuel gas and air is precisely one of factor for influenceing flammable gas explosion parameter, and it is real
Test and carry out in a static condition, the dynamic condition of fuel gas is not inconsistent in being lived with actual production, at present to fuel gas
The experiment test of blast is typically to use partial pressure type air inlet method, will fire pipe and is extracted into vacuum state, is passed through the flammable of certain volume
Gas, is then passed through air and makes to fire pipe and be in atmospheric pressure state again, therefore generates limitation, and partial pressure type air inlet method is only applicable to
The static detonation experiment of fuel gas.To the test parameter of flammable gas explosion under static conditions, although the fire prevention to reality is prevented
Quick-fried work has certain directive significance, but can not directly apply.The dynamic blast of fuel gas is studied, can solve modern work
Many problems of industry fire, practical, reliable foundation is provided for fire-proof and explosion-proof work, the function that can be exploded with search gas turns
Problem is changed, blaze the trail is applied for research Flowing Combustible Gas Explosion In Pipeline.
At present, the research that major colleges and universities of China and research institute explode to gas fuel burning is only limitted to static detonation feature ginseng
Number aspect, China only has National Standard of the People's Republic of China, GB/T 12474-2008《Combustible gas explosion limit in air
Assay method》, the standard specifies the assay method of combustible gas explosion limit under normal temperature and pressure conditionses, air inlet means used are
Conventional partial pressure method, it is the explosion limit of fuel gas in a static condition to survey explosion limit.But for fuel gas
The measure of the dynamic blast limit also lacks corresponding technological means.Therefore it is badly in need of a kind of dynamic blast characteristic measurement of fuel gas
Experimental method.
The content of the invention
The present invention in order to solve can not to realize the blast characteristics research of fuel gas in a dynamic condition at present, especially without
Method determines the problems such as parameter of dynamic blast limiting behaviour, there is provided the dynamic blast absolute rating assay method of fuel gas.
What the present invention was realized by following technical scheme：The dynamic blast absolute rating assay method of fuel gas, combustible gas
Body dynamic blast characterisitic parameter includes the fuel gas dynamic blast limit and the maximum pressure of minimum ignition energy, fuel gas dynamic blast
Power and rate of pressure rise, fuel gas dynamic blast flame propagation velocity and flame front shake the microstructure in face；Measure
Using fuel gas and the method for air air inlet simultaneously；Specific assay method comprises the following steps：
(1) it can be full of and fire within 15-20s time when the fuel gas and the air air inlet simultaneously that calculate different proportion
Flow velocity required for pipe；
(2) high-voltage discharger, data acquisition recorder and high-speed motion picture camera are opened；
(3) blast pipeline is evacuated by vavuum pump, pressure change≤1KPa in 5 minutes interior conduits；
(4) flammable source of the gas and air-source are opened, when flow and the air inlet of the fuel gas that is calculated according to step (1) and air
Between, flowmeter is adjusted, is full of the mixed gas of combustible gas and air in inlet period and fires pipe；
(5) mixed gas continues to be passed through full of the fuel gas and the flow of air after firing pipe, calculated according to step (1)
Two kinds of gas 5-10s, make mixed gas keep flow regime in pipeline；
(6) ignition power stage ignition, while trigger data acquisition recorder and high-speed motion picture camera are opened, by firing on pipe
Whether watch window observation mixed gas is ignited, and mixed gas lights the blast pressure parameter then gathered in blasting cartridge, record
The flame propagation of mixed gas dynamic blast, while reduce fuel gas concentration α in mixed gas and carry out next experiment, mixing
Gas is not ignited, and increase fuel gas concentration α in mixed gas carries out next experiment, test fuel gas dynamic blast pole
Limit；
(7) continue to proceed by next experiment from step (2) after clearing up pipeline at least 3 times with air compressor machine；
Wherein：Flow velocity described in step (1) is wanted according to the range of set gas flowmeter, the scale of gas flowmeter
Ask, fire pipe volume and calculated.The vacuum of the blast pipeline is -90.55KPa.
The concentration α in mixed gas of fuel gas described in step (6) is the upper limit≤α of the fuel gas static detonation limit
The lower limit of≤fuel gas static detonation the limit；Mixed gas igniting to be measured is to use built in pipeline ignition power in the blasting cartridge
Lighted a fire by high-voltage discharger pole；Fire and adopting for blast characteristics supplemental characteristic is triggered while mixed gas to be measured in pipe is lighted
Collection.
Specifically collecting method is：The fuel gas dynamic blast limit is by firing the observation mixing of the observation window on pipe
Gas ignition state, data acquisition recorder record blast pressure parameter, according to GB/T 12474-2008《Combustible gas in air
Body explosion limit assay method》, flammable gas explosion it is upper (lower) limit calculation formula be：The maximum (small) that fuel gas explodes
ConcentrationMinimum (big) concentration do not explodedAverage value, i.e.,Fuel gas dynamic blast is minimum
Ignition energy is determined by changing the ignition voltage of sparker；Fuel gas dynamic blast maximum pressure is to pass through pressure
Electric transducer and data acquisition recorder record obtain, and maximum pressure raise is the pressure by being recorded in data logger
And the time change and calculate acquisition；High-speed motion picture camera shoots fuel gas dynamic blast flame propagation process to calculate flame
Spread speed；Schlieren, which is observed and analyzes the flame front of fuel gas dynamic blast, to shake the microstructure in face.
The schlieren is existing conventional detection schlieren.
The detection means of dynamic blast absolute rating assay method based on above-mentioned fuel gas, including communicating pipe connection
Air inlet pipeline and blast pipeline, the air inlet pipeline are that first gas blender side connects air-source, flammable source of the gas and vacuum
Pump, opposite side are connected with secondary gas blender；Drying device and gas are connected between air-source and first gas blender
Flowmeter I；Gas flowmeter II is connected between flammable source of the gas and first gas blender；First gas blender and two level gas
Spark arrester is connected between body blender；The blast pipeline be side wall be provided with 2 observation windows fire pipe and flame observes tube method
Orchid connection, the inlet end for firing pipe set ignitor, and ignitor is connected by high-tension bus-bar with high-voltage discharger, fires pipe
Air inlet and ignitor between pressure vacuum gauge is set, fire 2 piezoelectric transducers of connection above pipe, piezoelectric transducer connects
Connect data acquisition recorder；The flame observation bottom of the tube sets venting of dust explosion mouth.
The first gas blender is the jet mixer based on Venturi tube, and jet mixer is among 2 flange I
It is sequentially connected air inlet pipe, collapsible tube, trunnion and anemostat, a length of 60mm of air inlet pipe, a length of 113.39mm of collapsible tube, collapsible tube
Angle of throat is 20 °, a length of 20mm of trunnion, a length of 280.75mm of anemostat, and the angle of flare of anemostat is 8 °, the air inlet pipe, receipts
The thickness of the draw, trunnion and anemostat is 2mm；
The secondary gas blender is the static mixer based on folding face porous disc, and static mixer is 2 end flanges
The cylinder of II connections, the interior interval of cylinder are provided with some groups of disks for being provided with through hole, and every group of disk is that face porous disc is rolled at narrow angle
It is arranged at intervals with wide angle folding face porous disc；Narrow-angle folding face porous disc is to be evenly distributed 9 strings on disk, be will be perpendicular to
The diameter of string is divided into 10 deciles, sets the circular hole I that radius is 2mm respectively perpendicular to the diameter both ends of string on disk, is set on 9 strings
Angle setting degree is 90 ° of folding face, is symmetrical set strip through-hole on the intersection of folding face and disk, and strip through-hole width is 3mm, bar
It is 2.5mm with the distance of disk periphery on the outside of shape through hole, the distance on the inside of left strip through-hole and right strip through-hole is 5mm；It is described
Wide angle folding face porous disc is to be evenly distributed 4 strings on disk, and the diameter that will be perpendicular to string is divided into 5 deciles, on disk perpendicular to
The diameter both ends of string set the circular hole II that radius is 4mm respectively, and the folding face that angle is 127 ° is set on 4 strings, rolls over face and disk
Intersection on the through hole of intermediate connection is set, entire widths 2mm, the distance of through hole both ends and disk periphery is 3mm.
The pressure vacuum gauge is 80mm with firing pipe air inlet distance, and ignitor is with firing pipe air inlet distance
150mm, the spacing of ignitor is 2mm；2 piezoelectric transducers and fire pipe air inlet distance be respectively 300mm and
850mm, 2 observation windows and the distance for firing pipe air inlet are respectively 150mm and 800mm.
The length of tube that fires is 1400mm, internal diameter 60mm, wall thickness 8mm, and the material for firing pipe is 304 stainless steels；Institute
It is 90mm, internal diameter 60mm, length 1000mm to state flame observation tube external diameter, and the material of flame observation tube is lucite；Even
Siphunculus is 1/2 stainless steel tube.The a length of 700mm of cylinder, internal diameter 60mm, wall thickness 15mm, narrow angle folding face porous disc and
The disk diameter of wide angle folding face porous disc is 60mm, thickness 1mm.Flange, flange I, flange II thickness are 15mm.
First observation window faces ignitor, and for observing electrode discharge situation, second observation window is used for observing
Whether flame is propagated to the right after igniting；Two piezoelectric transducers are used for monitoring fuel gas front and rear two in the case of dynamic blast
Partial blast pressure, blast pressure curve negotiating data acquisition recorder are shown on computer screen.
Fire pipe, flame observation tube, ignitor, pressure vacuum gauge, piezoelectric transducer, data acquisition recorder, high pressure
Discharger, observation window composition blasting cartridge, ignitor are connected, by changing high pressure positioned at pipe both sides are fired with high-voltage discharger
The ignition voltage of discharger determines the minimum ignition energy of fuel gas dynamic blast, and two piezoelectric transducers are positioned at firing on pipe
Side, is connected with data acquisition recorder, and for gathering fuel gas dynamic blast pressure, two observation windows, which are located at, fires pipe side
Side, for observing the discharge scenario and flame propagation situation of ignitor, fires pipe and is connected with flame observation tube, flame observation tube
For observing flame propagation situation；For the security in experimentation, venting of dust explosion mouth is provided with the right side of flame observation tube.
Compared with prior art, present invention is generally directed to the dynamic of industrial combustion gas fuel gas during production and transportation
The measure of explosion limit parameter.The dynamic blast characteristic of industrial combustion gas fuel gas during production and transportation can also be directed to
The measure of parameter, carry out minimum ignition energy, the dynamic blast maximum pressure and maximum pressure raise of fuel gas, combustible gas
The dynamic blast flame propagation velocity of body and the dynamic blast flame front of fuel gas shake face microstructure measure and examination
Test research work.
(1) using the method for two kinds of gases air inlet simultaneously, the two-step type partial pressure air inlet method of abandoning tradition, flowmeter control is utilized
The amount of two kinds of gas needed for system, is convenient for the research of fuel gas dynamic blast；(2) secondary gas blender can make flammable
Gas is sufficiently mixed with air, is reduced because gas mixing is uneven to error caused by test data；(3) pipe and flame are fired
The blasting cartridge of observation tube connection composition, on the premise of economic security and uninterrupted air inlet, realizes fuel gas and air
Proper flow of the mixed gas in pipeline；(4) flame observation tube made of lucite, it is easy to observe and shoot fuel gas
The flame propagation situation that dynamic blast makes；(5) it is simple in construction, it is easy to operate.
The present invention at normal temperatures and pressures, using flowmeter by the air inlet simultaneously of fuel gas and air, is mixed by secondary gas
The two is sufficiently mixed by clutch, and high-voltage discharger ignition discharge is used in the case of continuous gas entry, measures the blast of fuel gas
The factors such as the limit, minimum ignition energy, blast pressure and using high-speed motion picture camera and schlieren can shoot fuel gas dynamic
The lower flame transmission situation of blast and flame front shake the microstructure in face.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the method for the invention；
Fig. 2 is that the structure of the detecting device of the dynamic blast limiting behaviour assay method of the present invention based on fuel gas shows
It is intended to, in figure：1- air-sources；2- drying devices；3- gas flowmeters I；4- first gas blenders；5- spark arresters；6- two levels
Gas mixer；7- pressure vacuum gauges；8- piezoelectric transducers；9- data acquisition recorders；10- fires pipe；11- flames are observed
Pipe；12- vavuum pumps；13- is flammable source of the gas；14- gas flowmeters II；15- high-voltage dischargers；16- ignitors；17- observation windows；
18- venting of dust explosion mouths；
Fig. 3 is first gas mixer structure schematic diagram, in figure：4.1- flanges I；4.2- air inlet pipe；4.3- collapsible tube；
4.4- trunnion；4.5- anemostat；
Fig. 4 is secondary gas mixer structure schematic diagram, 6.1- flanges II in figure；The narrow angle folding face porous discs of 6.2-；
The wide angle folding face porous discs of 6.3-；6.4- cylinder；
Fig. 5 is that face porous disc structural representation is rolled at narrow angle, in figure：6.21- strip through-hole；6.22- circular hole I；
Fig. 6 is that face porous disc structural representation is rolled at wide angle, in figure：6.31- circular hole II；6.32- through hole；
Fig. 7 is blast pipeline structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is high-speed camera measuring principle figure.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail；It should be appreciated that preferred embodiment
Only for the explanation present invention, the protection domain being not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Fig. 1 is test method schematic flow sheet provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the figure：The dynamic blast of fuel gas
Absolute rating assay method, fuel gas dynamic blast characterisitic parameter include the fuel gas dynamic blast limit and minimum ignition
Energy, fuel gas dynamic blast maximum pressure and rate of pressure rise, fuel gas dynamic blast flame propagation velocity and fire
Flame forward shakes the microstructure in face；Specific assay method comprises the following steps：
(1) it can be full of and fire within 15-20s time when the fuel gas and the air air inlet simultaneously that calculate different proportion
Flow velocity required for pipe；
(2) sparker, data acquisition recorder and high-speed motion picture camera are opened；
(3) blast pipeline is evacuated by vavuum pump, pressure change≤1KPa in 5 minutes interior conduits；
(4) flammable source of the gas and air-source are opened, when flow and the air inlet of the fuel gas that is calculated according to step (1) and air
Between, flowmeter is adjusted, is full of the mixed gas of combustible gas and air in inlet period and fires pipe；
(5) mixed gas continues to be passed through full of the fuel gas and the flow of air after firing pipe, calculated according to step (1)
Two kinds of gas 5-10s, make mixed gas keep flow regime in pipeline；
(6) ignition power stage ignition, while trigger data acquisition recorder and high-speed motion picture camera are opened, by firing on pipe
Whether watch window observation mixed gas is ignited, and the blast pressure parameter in blasting cartridge, note are gathered if mixed gas is lighted
The flame propagation of mixed gas dynamic blast is recorded, while reduces fuel gas concentration α in mixed gas and carries out next experiment, if
It is not ignited, then increases fuel gas concentration α in mixed gas and carry out next experiment, test fuel gas dynamic blast pole
Limit；
By taking methane as an example, when detecting the dynamic blast lower limit of methane, first time test concentrations methane 5%, if do not sent out
Raw blast, then increase by 0.5%, if 5.5% methane explodes, test the methane of 5.3% concentration, if 5.3% first
Alkane explodes, then tests the methane of 5.2% concentration, if the methane of 5.2% concentration for the first time do not explode by test, then continuously
Test 4 times, if the methane of 5 5.2% concentration of test, all without exploding, experiment terminates, and records experimental result；If
The methane of 5.3% concentration does not explode, then tests the methane of 5.4% concentration, if do not explode, then follow-on test
4 times, do not exploded if the methane of 5.4% concentration is tested 5 times, experiment terminates, and records experimental result；If 5.5%
The methane of concentration does not explode, and method of testing ibid continues to test；
(7) continue to proceed by next experiment from step (2) after clearing up pipeline at least 3 times with air compressor machine；
Wherein：Range, the gas flowmeter of gas with various flowmeter described in step (1) set by flow velocity Main Basiss
Scale requirement, to fire pipe volume be 4L, calculated.To ensure the accuracy of air inlet, the flow velocity of gas will meet flowmeter
Scale requirement, table 1 lists the flow velocity under the different proportion of two kinds of fuel gas.
Table 1：Flow velocity under the different proportion of two kinds of fuel gas
The vacuum of blasting cartridge is the atmospheric pressure in the geographical position according to residing for laboratory, due to it is used be vacuum pressure
Table, so the vacuum of pipeline is -90.55KPa.
Fuel gas concentration α excursions in mixed gas are mainly in fuel gas static detonation pole in step (6)
Determined on the basis of limit, be the lower limit of the upper limit≤α≤fuel gas static detonation limit of the fuel gas static detonation limit；
Such as methane concentration excursion is 5%-15%, the change in concentration scope of hydrogen is 4%-75.6%.It is to be measured mixed in blasting cartridge
It is to be lighted a fire using built in pipeline ignitor by high-voltage discharger to close gas igniting；Fire what mixed gas to be measured in pipe was lighted
The collection of blast characteristics supplemental characteristic is triggered simultaneously.
Specifically collecting method is：The fuel gas dynamic blast limit is by firing the observation mixing of the observation window on pipe
Gas ignition state, data acquisition recorder record blast pressure parameter, according to GB/T 12474-2008《Combustible gas in air
Body explosion limit assay method》, flammable gas explosion it is upper (lower) limit calculation formula be：The maximum (small) that fuel gas explodes
ConcentrationMinimum (big) concentration do not explodedAverage value, i.e.,Calculate fuel gas dynamic blast
The limit；Fuel gas dynamic blast minimum ignition energy is the discharge voltage by adjusting sparker, increase or reduction point
The ignition energy of mixed gas is fired, thus determines the minimum ignition energy required for various concentrations flammable gas explosion, combustible gas
Body dynamic blast maximum pressure is obtained by piezoelectric transducer and data acquisition recorder record, and rate of pressure rise is to pass through
The pressure recorded in data logger and the change of time and calculate acquisition；High-speed motion picture camera shoots fuel gas dynamic blast
Flame propagation process calculates flame propagation velocity；Observed using conventional schlieren and analyze the flame of fuel gas dynamic blast
Forward shakes the microstructure in face.
As shown in Fig. 2 the detection means of the dynamic blast limiting behaviour assay method based on a kind of above-mentioned fuel gas, bag
The air inlet pipeline and blast pipeline of communicating pipe connection are included, the air inlet pipeline is that the side of first gas blender 4 connects air-source
1st, flammable source of the gas 13 and vavuum pump 12, opposite side are connected with secondary gas blender 6；Air-source 1 and first gas blender 4 it
Between be connected with the and gas flow meter I 3 of drying device 2；Gas stream is connected between flammable source of the gas 13 and first gas blender 4
Gauge II 14；Spark arrester 5 is connected between first gas blender 4 and secondary gas blender 6；The blast pipeline is side wall
The pipe 10 that fires provided with 2 observation windows 17 connects with the flange of flame observation tube 11, and the inlet end for firing pipe 10 sets ignitor
16, ignitor 16 is connected by high-tension bus-bar with high-voltage discharger 15, is fired between the air inlet of pipe 10 and ignitor 16
Pressure vacuum gauge 7 is set, fires 2 piezoelectric transducers 8 of the top of pipe 10 connection, piezoelectric transducer 8 connects data acquisition recorder
9；The bottom of flame observation tube 11 sets venting of dust explosion mouth 18.
As shown in figure 3, first gas blender is the jet mixer based on Venturi tube, jet mixer is 2 methods
Air inlet pipe 4.2, collapsible tube 4.3, trunnion 4.4 and anemostat 4.5 are sequentially connected among blue I 4.1, a length of 60mm of air inlet pipe, is shunk
Pipe range is 113.39mm, and the angle of throat of collapsible tube is 20 °, a length of 20mm of trunnion, a length of 280.75mm of anemostat, the expansion of anemostat
It is 8 ° to dissipate angle, and the air inlet pipe, collapsible tube, the thickness of trunnion and anemostat are 2mm；
As shown in figure 4, secondary gas blender is the static mixer based on folding face porous disc, static mixer 2
The connection cylinders 6.4 of end flanges II 6.1, the interior interval of cylinder 6.4 are provided with some groups of disks for being provided with through hole, and every group of disk is narrow
Face porous disc 6.2 is rolled at angle and wide angle folding face porous disc 6.3 is arranged at intervals；As shown in figure 5, narrow-angle rolls over face porous disc
6.2 be to be evenly distributed 9 strings on disk, and the diameter that will be perpendicular to string is divided into 10 deciles, perpendicular to the diameter both ends of string on disk
Set respectively and the folding face that angle is 90 ° is set on 6.22,9 strings of circular hole I that radius is 2mm, roll over left on the intersection of face and disk
The right side is symmetrical arranged strip through-hole 6.21, and the width of strip through-hole 6.21 is 3mm, and the distance in strip through-hole outside and disk periphery is
Distance on the inside of 2.5mm, left strip through-hole and right strip through-hole is 5mm；As shown in fig. 6, the wide angle folding face porous disc 6.3
To be evenly distributed 4 strings on disk, the diameter that will be perpendicular to string is divided into 5 deciles, distinguishes on disk perpendicular to the diameter both ends of string
The circular hole II6.31 that radius is 4mm is set, the folding face that angle is 127 ° is set on 4 strings, is set on the intersection of folding face and disk
The through hole 6.32 of intermediate connection, entire widths 2mm, the distance at through hole both ends and disk periphery is 3mm.
The pressure vacuum gauge is 80mm with firing pipe air inlet distance, and ignitor is with firing pipe air inlet distance
150mm, the spacing of ignitor is 2mm；2 piezoelectric transducers and fire pipe air inlet distance be respectively 300mm and
850mm, 2 observation windows and the distance for firing pipe air inlet are respectively 150mm and 800mm.
The length of tube that fires is 1400mm, internal diameter 60mm, wall thickness 8mm, and the material for firing pipe is 304 stainless steels；Institute
It is 90mm, internal diameter 60mm, length 1000mm to state flame observation tube external diameter, and the material of flame observation tube is lucite；Even
Siphunculus is 1/2 stainless steel tube.The a length of 700mm of cylinder, internal diameter 60mm, wall thickness 15mm, narrow angle folding face porous disc and
The disk diameter of wide angle folding face porous disc is 60mm, thickness 1mm.Flange, flange I, flange II thickness are 15mm.
First observation window faces ignitor, and for observing electrode discharge situation, second observation window is used for observing
Whether flame is propagated to the right after igniting；Two piezoelectric transducers are used for monitoring fuel gas front and rear two in the case of dynamic blast
Partial blast pressure, blast pressure curve negotiating data acquisition recorder are shown on computer screen.
Fire pipe, flame observation tube, ignitor, pressure vacuum gauge, piezoelectric transducer, data acquisition recorder, high pressure
Discharger, observation window composition blasting cartridge, ignitor are connected, by changing high pressure positioned at pipe both sides are fired with high-voltage discharger
The ignition voltage of discharger determines the minimum ignition energy of fuel gas dynamic blast, and two piezoelectric transducers are positioned at firing on pipe
Side, is connected with data acquisition recorder, and for gathering fuel gas dynamic blast pressure, two observation windows, which are located at, fires pipe side
Side, for observing the discharge scenario and flame propagation situation of ignitor, fires pipe and is connected with flame observation tube, flame observation tube
For observing flame propagation situation；For the security in experimentation, venting of dust explosion mouth is provided with the right side of flame observation tube.
Pipe range 1400mm, internal diameter 60mm are fired in the present invention, fires the ≈ 4L of 30 × 30 × π of pipe volume × 1400, two kinds of gas
Body is full of within 20s time fires pipe, 4/20=0.2L/s=12L/min, by taking methane as an example, into 5% methane, so
The flow velocity of methane is 12L/min × 5%=0.6L/min, and the flow velocity of air is 12-0.6=11.4L/min, according to two kinds of gases
The precision of flowmeter, the precision of methane flow meter is that the precision of mass air flow sensor is 0.5L/min per small lattice 0.1L/min, in order to
Ensure the degree of accuracy of air inlet, the flow velocity of methane is 0.6L/min when 5% methane gas is tested in selection, and the flow velocity of air is 11.5L/
Min, according to this flow velocity air inlet 20s, the concentration of methane is
Test example 1：By taking methane as an example, the dynamic blast limit of methane is determined using the method for the invention, tests number
According to being shown in Table 2, table 3.
Table 2：The dynamic blast upper limit of methane
| Volume/% | Methane flow rate/L/min | Air velocity/L/min | Time/s | Whether explode |
| 14 | 1.8 | 11 | 19 | √ |
| 14.5 | 1.7 | 10 | 21 | √ |
| 15 | 2.3 | 13 | 16 | √ |
| 17 | 2.6 | 12.5 | 16 | √ |
| 17.3 | 2.4 | 11.5 | 18 | × |
| 17.1 | 2.7 | 13 | 16 | ××××× |
According to National Standard of the People's Republic of China, GB/T 12474-2008《Combustible gas explosion limit is surveyed in air
Determine method》, the dynamic blast upper limit of methane is
Table 3：The dynamic blast lower limit of methane
| Volume/% | Methane flow rate/L/min | Air velocity/L/min | Time/s | Whether explode |
| 6 | 0.7 | 11 | 18 | √ |
| 5.5 | 0.5 | 8.5 | 27 | √ |
| 5.0 | 0.6 | 11.5 | 20 | × |
| 5.3 | 0.7 | 12.5 | 18 | √ |
| 5.2 | 0.6 | 11 | 21 | ××××× |
According to National Standard of the People's Republic of China, GB/T 12474-2008《Combustible gas explosion limit determines in air
Method》, the dynamic blast lower limit of methane is
Dynamic blast maximum pressure and maximum pressure raise：Fuel gas dynamic blast maximum pressure refers to that certain can
Combustion gas body, the maximum of the blast pressure determined under various concentrations by a series of experiments.Maximum pressure raise refers to
The blast pressure measured in blast process changes over time the greatest gradient of curve.Data test instrument include piezoelectric transducer and
Data acquisition recorder, after mixed gas is exploded in pipeline, caused pressure is turned pressure signal by piezoelectric transducer
Electric signal is turned to, will be shown data acquisition recorder by way of curve negotiating electric signal that manifold pressure changes.
The data now recorded are the data of electric signal, according to below equation, magnitude of voltage are scaled into pressure value, you can calculate flammable
The maximum pressure of gas-dynamic blast：
In formula；UmThe output end voltage of charge amplifier, mv in-recorder；
SQ is setThe sensitivity that charge amplifier is set in-recorder, 10Pc/unit；
KvThe multiplication factor that charge amplifier is set in-recorder, 300mv/unit；
SqThe sensitivity of the piezoelectric transducer of-demarcation.
Flame propagation velocity：The flame of some fuel gas dynamic blast in the duct is continuously shot using high-speed camera
Picture is propagated, the displacement that flame is obtained by matlab software processings is moved, and the time △ t between picture can be according to video camera
Adjustable frame number F is determined, it is possible to calculates flame transmission speed, calculation formula is：Time △ t：
Cameras line d can be determined according to camera focus and the angle of visual field 1.Assuming that pixel sum is M on x or y directions,
N。
The actual size represented of a pixel of camera：N=d/M
It is (X that picture point S' coordinates of the object point S on imaging surface, which can be obtained,0, Y0), it can so obtain the actual coordinate of S points
(n×X0, n × Y0) and next frame coordinate (X1, Y1) and corresponding actual point coordinates (n × X1, n × Y1), S points are in two continuous frames
Between move distance be：
Using Gaussian imaging equation 1/f=1/u+1/v (f is focal length, and u is object distance, and v is image distance), object distance OD is measured, can be counted
Image angle 2 is counted as, so as to calculate the coordinate of S points.Image distance OD ' is：
And S'D'=(X0-M/2)×n0(n0For the size of each pixel, unit is μm)：
The distance that S points move between continuous two frame numbers is：
Flame propagation velocity, which can then be calculated, is
Claims (10)
1. a kind of dynamic blast absolute rating assay method of fuel gas, fuel gas dynamic blast characterisitic parameter includes flammable
Gas-dynamic explosion limit and minimum ignition energy, fuel gas dynamic blast maximum pressure and rate of pressure rise, fuel gas
Dynamic blast flame propagation velocity and flame front shake the microstructure in face；Measure is using fuel gas and air air inlet simultaneously
Method；It is characterized in that：Specific assay method comprises the following steps：
（1）It can be full of within 15-20s time when the fuel gas and the air air inlet simultaneously that calculate different proportion and fire pipe institute
The flow velocity needed；
（2）Open high-voltage discharger, data acquisition recorder and high-speed motion picture camera；
（3）Blast pipeline is evacuated by vavuum pump, pressure change≤1KPa in 5 minutes interior conduits；
（4）Flammable source of the gas and air-source are opened, according to step（1）The fuel gas of calculating and the flow of air and inlet period,
Flowmeter is adjusted, is full of the mixed gas of combustible gas and air in inlet period and fires pipe；
（5）Mixed gas is full of after firing pipe, according to step（1）The fuel gas of calculating and the flow of air continue to be passed through two kinds
Gas 5-10s, makes mixed gas keep flow regime in pipeline；
（6）Ignition power stage ignition, while trigger data acquisition recorder and high-speed motion picture camera are opened, by firing the observation on pipe
Whether window observation mixed gas is ignited, and mixed gas lights the blast pressure parameter then gathered in blasting cartridge, record mixing
The flame propagation of gas-dynamic blast, while reduce fuel gas concentration α in mixed gas and carry out next experiment, mixed gas
It is not ignited, increase fuel gas concentration α in mixed gas carries out next experiment, tests the fuel gas dynamic blast limit；
（7）With continuing after air compressor machine cleaning pipeline at least 3 times from step（2）Proceed by next experiment；
Wherein：Step（1）Described in flow velocity according to the range of set gas flowmeter, gas flowmeter scale requirement,
Pipe volume is fired to be calculated.
A kind of 2. dynamic blast limiting behaviour assay method of fuel gas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
The vacuum for stating blast pipeline is -90.55KPa.
A kind of 3. dynamic blast absolute rating assay method of fuel gas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
Suddenly（6）Described in fuel gas in mixed gas concentration α be the fuel gas static detonation limit the upper limit≤α≤fuel gas
The lower limit of the static detonation limit；Mixed gas igniting to be measured is to pass through high pressure using built in pipeline ignitor in the blasting cartridge
Discharger is lighted a fire；Fire the collection that blast characteristics supplemental characteristic is triggered while mixed gas to be measured in pipe is lighted.
A kind of 4. dynamic blast absolute rating assay method of fuel gas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Tool
Volume data acquisition method is：The fuel gas dynamic blast limit is to light shape by firing the observation of the observation window on pipe mixed gas
State, data acquisition recorder record blast pressure parameter, calculates the fuel gas dynamic blast limit；Fuel gas dynamic blast is most
Small ignition energy is determined by changing the ignition voltage of sparker；Fuel gas dynamic blast maximum pressure is to pass through
Piezoelectric transducer and data acquisition recorder record obtain, rate of pressure rise be by the pressure recorded in data logger with
And the time change and calculate acquisition；High-speed motion picture camera shoots fuel gas dynamic blast flame propagation process and passed to calculate flame
Broadcast speed；Schlieren, which is observed and analyzes the flame front of fuel gas dynamic blast, to shake the microstructure in face.
5. the detection of the dynamic blast absolute rating assay method based on a kind of fuel gas described in claim any one of 1-4
Device, including the air inlet pipeline of communicating pipe connection and blast pipeline, it is characterised in that：The air inlet pipeline mixes for first gas
Device（4）Side connects air-source（1）, flammable source of the gas（13）And vavuum pump（12）, opposite side and secondary gas blender（6）Even
Connect；Air-source（1）With first gas blender（4）Between be connected with drying device（2）And gas flow meter I（3）；Flammable source of the gas
（13）With first gas blender（4）Between be connected with gas flowmeter II（14）；First gas blender（4）With secondary gas
Blender（6）Between connect spark arrester（5）；The blast pipeline is that side wall is provided with 2 observation windows（17）Fire pipe（10）With
Flame observation tube（11）Flange connects, and fires pipe（10）Inlet end set ignitor（16）, ignitor（16）Pass through height
Piezoelectric wire and high-voltage discharger（15）Connection, fires pipe（10）Air inlet and ignitor（16）Between pressure vacuum gauge is set
（7）, fire pipe（10）Top connects 2 piezoelectric transducers（8）, piezoelectric transducer（8）Connect data acquisition recorder（9）；Institute
State flame observation tube（11）Bottom sets venting of dust explosion mouth（18）.
A kind of 6. detection dress of the dynamic blast absolute rating assay method according to claim 5 based on fuel gas
Put, it is characterised in that：The first gas blender is the jet mixer based on Venturi tube, and jet mixer is 2 methods
Blue I（4.1）Centre is sequentially connected air inlet pipe（4.2）, collapsible tube（4.3）, trunnion（4.4）And anemostat（4.5）, air inlet pipe is a length of
60mm, a length of 113.39mm of collapsible tube, the angle of throat of collapsible tube is 20 °, a length of 20mm of trunnion, a length of 280.75mm of anemostat,
The angle of flare of anemostat is 8 °, and the air inlet pipe, collapsible tube, the thickness of trunnion and anemostat are 2mm；
The secondary gas blender is the static mixer based on folding face porous disc, and static mixer is 2 end flanges II
（6.1）Connect cylinder（6.4）, cylinder（6.4）Interior interval is provided with some groups of disks for being provided with through hole, and every group of disk is rolled over for narrow angle
Face porous disc（6.2）Face porous disc is rolled over wide angle（6.3）It is arranged at intervals；Narrow-angle rolls over face porous disc（6.2）For circle
9 strings are evenly distributed on disk, the diameter that will be perpendicular to string is divided into 10 deciles, is set respectively perpendicular to the diameter both ends of string on disk
Radius is 2mm circular hole I（6.22）, the folding face that angle is 90 ° is set on 9 strings, rolled over symmetrical on the intersection of face and disk
Strip through-hole is set（6.21）, strip through-hole（6.21）Width is 3mm, and the distance in strip through-hole outside and disk periphery is
Distance on the inside of 2.5mm, left strip through-hole and right strip through-hole is 5mm；The wide angle folding face porous disc（6.3）For on disk
4 strings are evenly distributed, the diameter that will be perpendicular to string is divided into 5 deciles, and radius is set respectively perpendicular to the diameter both ends of string on disk
For 4mm circular hole II（6.31）, the folding face that angle is 127 ° is set on 4 strings, set on the intersection of folding face and disk among connect
Logical through hole（6.32）, entire widths 2mm, the distance at through hole both ends and disk periphery is 3mm.
A kind of 7. detection dress of the dynamic blast absolute rating assay method according to claim 5 based on fuel gas
Put, it is characterised in that：The pressure vacuum gauge and to fire pipe air inlet distance be 80mm, ignitor with fire pipe air inlet away from
It is 2mm from the spacing for 150mm, ignitor；2 piezoelectric transducers and fire pipe air inlet distance be respectively 300mm and
850mm, 2 observation windows and the distance for firing pipe air inlet are respectively 150mm and 800mm.
8. dynamic blast limit spy's parameter according to claim 5 based on a kind of fuel gas determines the detection dress of method
Put, it is characterised in that：The length of tube that fires is 1400mm, internal diameter 60mm, wall thickness 8mm, and the material for firing pipe is stainless for 304
Steel；The flame observation tube external diameter is 90mm, internal diameter 60mm, length 1000mm, and the material of flame observation tube is organic glass
Glass；Communicating pipe is 1/2 stainless steel tube.
A kind of 9. detection dress of the dynamic blast absolute rating assay method according to claim 5 based on fuel gas
Put, it is characterised in that：The a length of 700mm of cylinder, internal diameter 60mm, wall thickness 15mm, narrow angle folding face porous disc and Kuan Jiao
The disk diameter of folding face porous disc is 60mm, thickness 1mm.
A kind of 10. detection of the dynamic blast absolute rating assay method based on fuel gas according to claim 5 or 6
Device, it is characterised in that：Flange, flange I, flange II thickness are 15mm.
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| CN108535320A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-09-14 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | The experimental system that goaf coal spontaneous combustion induces gas and coal dust list, repeatedly explodes |
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| CN111795762A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-10-20 | 南京理工大学 | Device and method for calibrating dynamic characteristics of heat flow meter |
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