CN107402112A - A kind of operational modal analysis system and method based on optical fiber sensing network - Google Patents
A kind of operational modal analysis system and method based on optical fiber sensing network Download PDFInfo
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- CN107402112A CN107402112A CN201710738887.8A CN201710738887A CN107402112A CN 107402112 A CN107402112 A CN 107402112A CN 201710738887 A CN201710738887 A CN 201710738887A CN 107402112 A CN107402112 A CN 107402112A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of operational modal analysis system and method based on optical fiber sensing network, belong to on-line checking and analysis technical field.A kind of new tool of model analysis is provided, overcomes the limitation of conventional method.Build the operational modal analysis system based on optical fiber sensing network, use vibration information of the optical fiber raster vibration sensor collection measurand under environmental excitation, the demodulated equipment of wavelength information of sensor is stored into computer, after filtering with after the pretreatment such as noise remove, the processing in real time of model analysis software and analysis wavelength signals, obtain the modal parameters such as modal frequency, damping ratio and the vibration shape of measurand.The achievable distributed measurement of the present invention, can under measurand running status sensed-mode parameter, it is not necessary to measure the pumping signal of input, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, and measurement result is accurate, precision is high, and flexibility is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to on-line checking and analysis technical field, and in particular to a kind of operation mould based on optical fiber sensing network
State analysis system and method.
Background technology
As oscillation ordering refers to the development of related discipline, structure design can not be met by relying solely on static strength theory
Need.The tangible external drive of working condition of many structures or self power effect under motion state, this motion it is main
Composition often vibrates, thus Analysis of Vibration Characteristic has great significance in these structure designs and evaluation.Mode of oscillation
It is that elastic construction is intrinsic, overall characteristic.Works has been made clear in the frequency easily to resonate by modal analysis method
The characteristic of mode in the range of rate, it is possible to foretell structure caused reality under the various incentive actions of outside or inside in this frequency range
Border vibratory response.Therefore, model analysis is structure dynamic design and the essential link of equipment fault diagnosis.
Traditional test modal analysis based on electric transducer, the system input and output signal of being built upon can measure
On the basis of going out, frequency response function or transmission function are obtained to both progress Mathematical treatment, further according to these functions
The frequency, the vibration shape, modal damping of system are derived from force equation.This mould measurement technology, for composition material, border
The engineering structure of complicated condition, it is often helpless.Operational modal analysis method then can in not damaged structure, need not measure
In the case of input signal, on-line monitoring is carried out to engineering structure and health status detects.Due to that can realize at tested pair
As the model analysis under working condition rather than detection is shut down, operational modal analysis method does not influence the actual motion of measurand,
Excitation need not artificially be applied, it is not required that detect actual pumping signal, there is the practicality more more excellent than test modal analysis
Value, simultaneously because the advance of operational modal algorithm, its modal analysis result has good precision, in analysis measurand
Working condition, health detection etc., have the advantage that conventional method can not compare.
At present, although there is the operational modal analysis technology based on electric transducer to occur, its use occasion, detection stability
All it is difficult to meet with precision, it is difficult to realize on-line checking.A kind of existing Chinese patent such as CN201410341231.9 " cantilever beams
" a kind of operational modal analysis based on pulse excitation is real by operational modal analysis experimental method and device ", CN201410342303.1
Test method and device " use traditional electric transducer, it is difficult to distributed measurement is realized, easily by electromagnetic interference, while can only be adopted
With the mode of pulse excitation, it is impossible to really realize the model analysis under running status, it is difficult to the testing requirement of extreme environment is adapted to,
Therefore need to explore the model analysis means based on novel sensor, to tackle the reluctant detection object of current electric transducer
And field.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to existing technology is overcome to limit to, there is provided a kind of operation mould based on optical fiber sensing network
State analysis system and method, can under measurand running status sensed-mode parameter, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, by temperature
Small, accuracy of detection height is influenceed, flexibility is good.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:A kind of operational modal analysis system based on optical fiber sensing network, the system
Including:Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) broad band laser light source, optical fiber circulator, fiber Bragg grating sensor network, optical signal demodulation mould
Block, electronic signal processing module and computer;ASE broad band lasers light source connects the light input end mouth of fiber optical circulator, fiber grating
Sensor network connects the optical output port of optical fiber circulator, and optical signal demodulation module connects the return light end of fiber optical circulator
Mouthful, it is sequentially connected in series electronic signal processing module, computer after optical signal demodulation module;
The optical fiber circulator is 1 × 2 optical circulator, and the broadband light that power supply is sent enters fiber optic loop by light input end mouth
Shape device, is spread out of by optical output port, when optical output port has reflected light return, will be spread out of, and realized by returning to optical port
The separation of incident light and return light;
The fiber Bragg grating sensor network is made up of optical fiber raster vibration sensor array, and fiber grating passes through fast viscose glue
It is encapsulated on lucite square, sensor is pasted onto object measuring point to be measured by vaseline;
The optical signal demodulation module is by collimation lens set, holographic body phase position spectroscopic unit, collector lens group, the pole of photoelectricity two
Pipe detection array forms, and demodulation module realizes the separation and extraction to light wave long message, converts optical signal into electric signal output;
The electronic signal processing module is made up of control circuit, FPGA processing units, data storage card, and module is by electric signal
Data signal is converted to, and records and store signal by capture card;
The broadband light that ASE broad band laser light sources are sent is entered in fiber optical circulator by light input end mouth, by minimum damage
Consumption enters fiber Bragg grating sensor network by optical output port, and each optical fiber raster vibration sensor has it specifically to reflect
Wavelength returns to optical fiber circulator by optical fiber, is exported by returning to optical output port, this return light is narrow band light, passes through optical signal
After demodulation module and electronic signal processing module processing, light wave long message will be recorded and stored in real time;When measurand is in environment
When being vibrated under excitation, optical fiber raster vibration sensor, which will be experienced, to be vibrated, and the wavelength of reflected light can be with vibration frequency and width
The change of value and change;Measurand vibration information is most intactly preserved in a computer in the form of wavelength data at last.
Wherein, fiber Bragg grating sensor network is made up of packaged optical fiber raster vibration sensor, each sensor both ends
It is all connected with tail optical fiber and has interface, connected between sensor by light flange, this is designed as the weight for simplifying installation process and sensor
It is multiple to use;
The present invention also provides a kind of operational modal analysis method based on optical fiber sensing network, and this method step is as follows:
Step 1:Measuring point division is carried out to object structure to be measured and is numbered, and is arranged as required to the density of structure measuring point, is
System identification order is higher, and measuring point should set get Geng Mi, and measuring point number is intended to the number of probes of arrangement;
Step 2:Fiber-optic grating sensor is arranged at each measuring point, sensor is the fiber grating encapsulated through lucite
Vibrating sensor, it is pasted onto after Plexiglas base smears vaseline at ready-portioned measuring point, pressing plexiglass block makes to glue
Patch is firm, and the stickup direction of sensor should try one's best vertical with measuring point direction of vibration, and the numbering of sensor should be with the volume of corresponding measuring point
It is number consistent;
Step 3:Fiber Bragg grating sensor network is connected, fiber connector is wiped using alcohol swab, is connected to light ring flange,
Each sensor is sequentially connected in series by light ring flange, the tail optical fiber of last sensor is connected to the light output end of optical fiber circulator
Mouthful;
Step 4:Build the operational modal analysis system based on optical fiber sensing network, ASE broad band lasers light source, fiber annular
Device, fiber Bragg grating sensor network are sequentially connected;Optical fiber circulator, optical signal demodulation module, electronic signal processing module and calculating
Machine is sequentially connected, and ASE broad band lasers light source connects the light input end mouth of fiber optical circulator, fiber Bragg grating sensor network connection light
The optical output port of fine circulator, optical signal demodulation module connect the return optical port of fiber optical circulator;
Step 5:Test system function and running situation, check that computer optical wavelength shows whether software normally shows light wave
Length simultaneously adjusts sensor network in real time, by checking whether test data calculation machine can normally preserve data;
Step 6:Implement to encourage and gather and preserve data, collection duration swashs depending on energisation mode for naturally
When encouraging, it usually needs 5~10 minutes, when such as being hammered for artificial excitation, generally only need 30 seconds or so;
Step 7:Data processing and inversion, after filtering with after the pretreatment such as noise remove, by being write in computer
Modal Parameter Identification algorithm routine, the modal parameter such as identification frequency, damping ratio and Mode Shape.
Wherein, when being actuated to natural excitation, acquisition time is longer, it is necessary to set temperature-compensating grating;Use hammering method
When, acquisition time is short, is not provided with null grating.
The present invention compared with prior art the advantages of be:
Existing modal analysis technique can not realize distributed measurement based on electric transducer, and its result is easily done by electromagnetism
Disturb, it is difficult to adapt to extreme environment, its use occasion is limited, and detects stability and precision is all difficult to meet more and more extensive reality
Detection needs.Fiber grating sensing technology is introduced model analysis field by the present invention, is devised one kind and is based on optical fiber sensing technology
Operational modal analysis system and method, can detect its vibrational state under measurand running status and carry out mode ginseng
Number calculates, and realizes structure on-line checking and analysis.Distributed measurement can be achieved, mould can be detected under measurand running status
State parameter, it is not necessary to measure the pumping signal of input, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, and measurement result is accurate, precision is high, flexibility
It is good.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the operational modal analysis system diagram based on optical fiber sensing network;
Reference implication is in figure:
1st, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) wideband light source;
2nd, optical fiber circulator;
3rd, optical fiber raster vibration sensor;
4th, collimation lens set;
5th, holographic body phase position spectroscopic unit;
6th, collector lens group;
7th, photodiode detection array;
8th, control circuit;
9th, FPGA processing units;
10th, data storage card;
11st, computer;
12nd, fiber Bragg grating sensor network;
13rd, optical signal demodulation module;
14th, electronic signal processing module.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, to more fully understand the present invention.Should
, it is emphasized that what the description below was merely exemplary, the scope being not intended to be limiting of the invention and its application.
Operational modal analysis system based on optical fiber sensing network, as shown in figure 1, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) broadband is swashed
Radiant 1, optical fiber circulator 2, fiber Bragg grating sensor network 12, optical signal demodulation module 13, the and of electronic signal processing module 14
Computer 11.ASE broad band lasers light source 1 connects the light input end mouth of fiber optical circulator 2, and fiber Bragg grating sensor network 12 connects
The optical output port of optical fiber circulator 2, optical signal demodulation module 13 connect the return optical port of fiber optical circulator 2.Optical signal solution
Electronic signal processing module 14, computer 11 are sequentially connected in series after mode transfer block 13.
The broadband light that ASE broad band lasers light source 1 is sent is entered in fiber optical circulator 2 by light input end mouth, by minimum
Loss enters fiber Bragg grating sensor network 12 by optical output port, and each optical fiber raster vibration sensor 3 has its specific
Reflection wavelength optical fiber circulator 2 is returned to by optical fiber, exported by returning to optical output port, this return light be narrow band light, logical
After crossing optical signal demodulation module 13 and the processing of electronic signal processing module 14, light wave long message will be recorded and stored in real time.Work as quilt
Object is surveyed when being vibrated under environmental excitation, optical fiber raster vibration sensor 3 will experience vibration, and the wavelength of reflected light can be with
The change of vibration frequency and amplitude and change.Measurand vibration information is most intactly preserved in the form of wavelength data at last
In computer 11.
The optical fiber circulator 2 is 1 × 2 optical circulator, and the broadband light that power supply is sent enters optical fiber by light input end mouth
Circulator, spread out of by optical output port, when optical output port has reflected light return, will be spread out of by returning to optical port;
The fiber Bragg grating sensor network 12 is made up of optical fiber raster vibration sensor array, and fiber grating is viscous by speed
Glue is encapsulated on lucite square, and sensor is pasted onto object measuring point to be measured by vaseline.Pass through light method between sensor
Orchid connection, this design are beneficial to the reuse for simplifying installation process and sensor;
The optical signal demodulation module 13 is by collimation lens set 4, holographic body phase position spectroscopic unit 5, collector lens group 6, light
Electric diode detection array 7 forms, and demodulation module realizes the separation and extraction to light wave long message, converts optical signal into telecommunications
Number output;
The electronic signal processing module 14 is made up of control circuit 8, FPGA processing units 9, data storage card 10, and module will
Electric signal is converted to data signal, and records and store signal by capture card;
Operational modal analysis method based on optical fiber sensing network, is comprised the steps of:
Step 1:Measuring point division is carried out to object structure to be measured and is numbered.The density of structure measuring point is arranged as required to, is
System identification order is higher, and the measuring point number required for reflecting its vibration shape also accordingly increases, thus measuring point should set get Geng Mi, measuring point
Number is intended to the number of probes of arrangement.In order to avoid obscuring in later data processing, measuring point should be by geometry
The regular numbering in position, sensor are numbered by wavelength size order.
Step 2:Fiber-optic grating sensor is arranged at each measuring point.Sensor is the optical fiber light encapsulated through plexiglass block
Grid vibrating sensor, it is pasted onto after smearing vaseline in plexiglass block bottom at ready-portioned measuring point, presses plexiglass block
Make firm pasting.The stickup direction of sensor should try one's best vertical with measuring point direction of vibration;
Step 3:Connect fiber Bragg grating sensor network 12.Fiber connector is wiped using alcohol swab, is connected to light flange
Disk, each sensor is sequentially connected in series by light ring flange, the light that the tail optical fiber of last sensor is connected to optical fiber circulator 2 is defeated
Exit port.
Step 4:Build the operational modal analysis system based on optical fiber sensing network.ASE broad band lasers light source 1, fiber optic loop
Shape device 2, fiber Bragg grating sensor network 12 are sequentially connected;Optical fiber circulator 2, optical signal demodulation module 13, Electric signal processing mould
Block 14 and computer 11 are sequentially connected.ASE broad band lasers light source 1 connects the light input end mouth of fiber optical circulator 2, and fiber grating passes
The optical output port of sensor network connection optical fiber circulator 2, optical signal demodulation module 13 connect the return light end of fiber optical circulator 2
Mouthful.
Step 5:Test system function and running situation.Check that the optical wavelength of computer 11 shows whether software normally shows light
Wavelength simultaneously adjusts sensor network in real time, by checking whether test data calculation machine can normally preserve data;
Step 6:Implement to encourage and gather and preserve data.Duration is gathered depending on energisation mode, is swashed for naturally
When encouraging, it usually needs 5~10 minutes, when such as being hammered for artificial excitation, generally only need 30 seconds or so;When using natural excitation,
Acquisition time is longer, and the influence of the change of environment temperature field to sensor be can not ignore, therefore carry out temperature-compensating.Temperature is mended
Compensation method is to arrange a temperature sensor in subject surface to be measured, and the sensor light gate part is not also felt not with form touch
It is vibrated, thus when later data is handled, temperature-compensating can be done to optical fiber raster vibration sensor according to its wavelength change, disappear
Except the influence of temperature change.
Step 7:Data processing and inversion.After filtering with after the pretreatment such as noise remove, by being write in computer
Modal Parameter Identification algorithm routine, the modal parameter such as identification frequency, damping ratio and Mode Shape.Data processing is used with loom
Space arithmetic.
Due to collect be fiber grating wavelength signals, and characterize strain is wavelength difference data, therefore is first had to
Wavelength signals are converted into the wavelength difference data of each sensor, obtain the wavelength difference data matrix y of all sensorsk。
Vibrational system discrete-time state-space equation is:
In formula, xkRepresent discrete-time state vector;A represents discrete state matrix, represents fully entering for system;B tables
Show discrete input matrix;C represents output matrix, and how description internal state is converted into extraneous measured value;D represents straight feedback matrix;
ukEncouraged for random environment;wkRepresent noise caused by processing procedure and modeling error;vkRepresent to make an uproar caused by sensor error
Sound.Wherein, wk、vkIt can not survey, it is assumed that be the white noise that average is zero and orthogonal.
In actual measurement process, environmental excitation is immeasurablel arbitrary excitation uk, and intensity is basic and noise shadow
Sound is similar, can not distinguish both clear.Therefore, input item ukWith noise item wkAnd vkMerging has just obtained stochastic subspace side
The basic model of method --- discrete time stochastic state space model:
The premise that the modal parameter of structure is solved with Random Subspace Method is to find out the state-transistion matrix A of discrete system
With output matrix C.After matrix A is calculated, Eigenvalues Decomposition is carried out to it, can obtain what is be made up of system features vector
Matrix Ψ and discrete time complex eigenvalue uiThe matrix Λ of composition.
A=Ψ Λ Ψ-1 (3)
Λ=diag [ui] (4)
After obtaining the discrete time complex eigenvalue of system, system Con-eigenvalue λ is calculatedi、Can be to calculate
To three modal parameters of system:
Φi=C Ψi (8)
F in formulai、ξiAnd ΦiModal frequency, damping ratio and vibration shape vector are represented respectively.
After calculating the modal data under different orders, it is possible to carry out Modal Parameter Identification.Due to the intrinsic frequency of system
Rate can occur repeatedly, rather than system frequency occurs at random, and based on this principle, modal parameter is carried out using drawing method is stablized
Identification.Stable figure is drawn in the modal parameter of different order models on same width figure, and the modal parameter of higher order Model Identification is same
The modal parameter of low first order modeling identification compares, if the difference of characteristic frequency, damping ratio and Mode Shape is less than default
Limit value, then this, which is put, is known as point of safes, and the axle of point of safes composition is referred to as stable axle, and mode corresponding to the axle is system
Mode.Limit value can be according to Practical Project situation and empirically determined.It is assumed that:Characteristic frequency 0.2%, damping ratio 5%, mode is shaken
Type 2%, i.e., the requirement of stable axle are:
(1-MAC (i, i+1)) × 100%≤2% (11)
In formula, f(i)Represent the i-th order frequency;ξ(i)Represent the i-th rank damping ratio;MAC table shows modal criterion.
Although the embodiment of the present invention is described above, in order to which those skilled in the art manage
The solution present invention, it should be apparent that the invention is not restricted to the scope of embodiment, to those skilled in the art
For, as long as various change, in the spirit and scope of the present invention that appended claim limits and determines, these changes are
It will be apparent that all utilize the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the row of protection.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of operational modal analysis system based on optical fiber sensing network, it is characterised in that the system includes:Amplified Spontaneous spoke
Penetrate (ASE) broad band laser light source (1), optical fiber circulator (2), fiber Bragg grating sensor network (12), optical signal demodulation module
(13), electronic signal processing module (14) and computer (11);The light of ASE broad band lasers light source (1) connection fiber optical circulator (2) is defeated
Inbound port, the optical output port of fiber Bragg grating sensor network (12) connection optical fiber circulator (2), optical signal demodulation module (13)
The return optical port of fiber optical circulator (2) is connected, electronic signal processing module is sequentially connected in series after optical signal demodulation module (13)
(14), computer (11);
The optical fiber circulator (2) is 1 × 2 optical circulator, and the broadband light that power supply is sent enters fiber optic loop by light input end mouth
Shape device (2), is spread out of by optical output port, when optical output port has reflected light return, will be spread out of by returning to optical port, real
The separation of existing incident light and return light;
The fiber Bragg grating sensor network (12) is made up of optical fiber raster vibration sensor array, and fiber grating passes through fast viscose glue
It is encapsulated on lucite square, sensor is pasted onto object measuring point to be measured by vaseline;
The optical signal demodulation module (13) is by collimation lens set (4), holographic body phase position spectroscopic unit (5), collector lens group
(6), photodiode detection array (7) is formed, and demodulation module realizes the separation and extraction to light wave long message, and optical signal is turned
Turn to electric signal output;
The electronic signal processing module (14) is made up of control circuit (8), FPGA processing units (9), data storage card (10), mould
Block converts electrical signals to data signal, and records and store signal by capture card;
The broadband light that ASE broad band lasers light source (1) is sent is entered in fiber optical circulator (2) by light input end mouth, by minimum
Loss enters fiber Bragg grating sensor network (12) by optical output port, and each optical fiber raster vibration sensor (3) has it
Specific reflection wavelength returns to optical fiber circulator (2) by optical fiber, is exported by returning to optical output port, this return light is arrowband
Light, after optical signal demodulation module (13) and electronic signal processing module (14) processing, light wave long message will by real-time record and
Storage;When measurand is vibrated under environmental excitation, optical fiber raster vibration sensor (3), which will be experienced, to be vibrated, reflected light
Wavelength can change with the change of vibration frequency and amplitude;Measurand vibration information is most at last in the form of wavelength data
Intactly it is stored in computer (11).
2. the operational modal analysis system according to claim 1 based on optical fiber sensing network, it is characterised in that:Optical fiber light
Gate sensor network (12) is made up of packaged optical fiber raster vibration sensor (3), and each sensor both ends are all connected with tail optical fiber simultaneously
There is interface, connected between sensor by light flange, this is designed as the reuse for simplifying installation process and sensor.
A kind of 3. operational modal analysis method based on optical fiber sensing network, it is characterised in that this method step is as follows:
Step 1:Measuring point division is carried out to object structure to be measured and is numbered, is arranged as required to the density of structure measuring point, and system is known
Other order is higher, and measuring point should set get Geng Mi, and measuring point number is intended to the number of probes of arrangement;
Step 2:Fiber-optic grating sensor is arranged at each measuring point, sensor is the optical fiber raster vibration encapsulated through lucite
Sensor, it is pasted onto after Plexiglas base smears vaseline at ready-portioned measuring point, pressing plexiglass block makes stickup firm
Gu the stickup direction of sensor should try one's best vertical with measuring point direction of vibration, the numbering of sensor should be with the numbering one of corresponding measuring point
Cause;
Step 3:Fiber Bragg grating sensor network (12) is connected, fiber connector is wiped using alcohol swab, is connected to light ring flange,
Each sensor is sequentially connected in series by light ring flange, the light that the tail optical fiber of last sensor is connected to optical fiber circulator (2) is defeated
Exit port;
Step 4:Build the operational modal analysis system based on optical fiber sensing network, ASE broad band lasers light source (1), fiber annular
Device (2), fiber Bragg grating sensor network (12) are sequentially connected;Optical fiber circulator (2), optical signal demodulation module (13), electric signal
Processing module (14) and computer (11) are sequentially connected, the light input of ASE broad band lasers light source (1) connection fiber optical circulator (2)
Port, the optical output port of fiber Bragg grating sensor network (12) connection optical fiber circulator (2), optical signal demodulation module (13) is even
Connect the return optical port of fiber optical circulator (2);
Step 5:Test system function and running situation, check that computer (11) optical wavelength shows whether software normally shows light wave
Length simultaneously adjusts sensor network in real time, by checking whether test data calculation machine can normally preserve data;
Step 6:To implement to encourage and gather and preserve data, collection duration is depending on energisation mode, when being encouraged for naturally,
It is generally necessary to 5~10 minutes, when such as being hammered for artificial excitation, generally only need 30 seconds or so;
Step 7:Data processing and inversion, after filtering with after the pretreatment such as noise remove, pass through the mould write in computer
The modal parameter such as state modal identification algorithm program, identification frequency, damping ratio and Mode Shape.
4. the operational modal analysis method according to claim 3 based on optical fiber sensing network, it is characterised in that:Work as excitation
For natural excitation when, acquisition time is longer, it is necessary to set temperature-compensating grating;During using hammering method, acquisition time is short, is not provided with
Null grating.
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