CN107397587A - It is cut by laser scope - Google Patents
It is cut by laser scope Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107397587A CN107397587A CN201710787228.3A CN201710787228A CN107397587A CN 107397587 A CN107397587 A CN 107397587A CN 201710787228 A CN201710787228 A CN 201710787228A CN 107397587 A CN107397587 A CN 107397587A
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- Prior art keywords
- scope
- laser
- guide
- main frame
- lighting
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000000436 anus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002052 colonoscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001839 endoscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001885 myotomy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001895 peroral endoscopic myotomy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002271 resection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
- A61B18/201—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser with beam delivery through a hollow tube, e.g. forming an articulated arm ; Hand-pieces therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
- A61B2018/2005—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser with beam delivery through an interstitially insertable device, e.g. needle
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)
- Endoscopes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to one kind to be cut by laser scope, including main frame, image display, guide-lighting flexible pipe, call wire, laser pedal, operation handle, insertion tube and scope；Host service function screen, laser controlling key, power switch, conduction line jack and guide-lighting hose plug are installed before main frame；The right side is provided with outlet；Image display is connected with above；Guide-lighting flexible pipe one end connects with guide-lighting hose plug, and the other end connects with guide-lighting hose transition；Call wire one end connects with conduction line jack, and the other end is connected with laser pedal；Operation handle is made up of operating portion, eyepiece portion, handle portion, guide-lighting hose transition and insertion pipe jointing part；Insertion pipe jointing part is connected with insertion tube, and insertion tube connects with scope；Light beam cover glass, nozzle, the outlet of pliers pipe and generating laser are installed before scope.Its advantage is shown：The scope headend of laser beam can be launched so that scope integrates inspection, the function for the treatment of, reduces the difficulty of tunneling technique under scope.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of medical instruments, is a kind of laser cutting scope specifically.
Background technology
At present, medical electronic endoscope is referred to as video image dendoscope, is mainly made up of 3 parts, scope, video processor and electricity
Depending on monitor, it is led as system is replaced with CCD and cable without optical fiber image guide bundles, unlike optical fiber easily snaps off, thus
More durable, electronic gastroscope can obtain the image of fine definition, be provided with a duct in shank, can be put into biopsy forceps, electric knife, injection needle
Etc. external scope servicing unit, so as under the accurate guiding of scope imaging, carry out the various Micro-operations in intestines and stomach, such as cut
Open muscle layer, excision intestines and stomach infantile tumour etc..In recent years, operating technology developed because of the advantages that its is minimally invasive, safe, simple under scope
Rapidly, such as through (the submucosal tunneling endoscopic tumor of scope tumorectomy in tunnel under mucous membrane
Resection, STER), myotomy (peroral endoscopic myotomy, POEM, for treating under oral scope
Maga-esophagus, can obviously relieve the bad caused symptom of local oesophagus relaxation of patient) etc..Above-mentioned emerging digestive endoscopy behaviour
All refer to tunnel building technology --- mucous layer and muscle layer are separated using water pocket, so as to before ensureing that mucous membrane is complete
Put, cut focus safe and completely in tunnel.The foundation of tunneling technique proposes higher requirement for endoscope and image processing device.Mesh
Preceding scope can only be by external servicing unit, and such as electric knife, the rich knife in sea are cut to realize, but conventional external equipment expense is held high
It is expensive, can not recycle and operation difficulty is higher.
Because the core of tunnel building technology is to be separated mucous layer and muscle layer by water pocket, and the characteristic of laser：Focus on
Precise positioning cutting can be achieved, and meet water to cut, this characteristic ensure that the tissue around water pocket will not be by sharp just
The damage of light cutting.
Chinese patent literature：CN203303022U discloses a kind of video image dendoscope, including probe；It is arranged in probe, uses
In being imaged and generate the CCD inductors of view data；The main frame being connected with probe；It is arranged in main frame, for receiving image
The image acquisition units of data；It is connected with image acquisition units, for being analyzed view data to obtain image brightness values
Image analyzing unit；It is connected with image acquisition units, for brightness value compared with predetermined luminance parameter and to be exported
The computing unit of regulating command；It is connected with computing unit, for generating the execution machine of enhancing/decrease order according to regulating command
Structure；It is arranged in probe, the illuminator of brightness can be changed according to enhancing/decrease order.Each working cell forms and closed above
Ring feedback arrangement, is rapidly adjusted to picture quality.
Chinese patent literature：CN205041873U discloses a kind of preoperative cleaning intestinal tract care device of colonoscopy, including automatic
Impregnator, conduit and auxiliary anus support, the top of automatic fluid injection device are provided with fluid reservoir, and the side wall of fluid reservoir connects including vacuum sealing
Shell and inner bag, the inside of automatic fluid injection device is provided with the cavity of inverted T-shaped, and the top of cavity is provided with the first check valve and and liquid storage
Tank is connected, and the inner of cavity bottom is provided with the piston being engaged with cavity, is additionally provided with nipple on automatic fluid injection device, cavity passes through
Second check valve connects with nipple, and conduit is hollow plastic flexible pipe, and one end of conduit is provided with pintle, and the other end is provided with out liquid
Hole, auxiliary anus support is the cylindrical shape that internal diameter is adapted with conduit, and one end is provided with the block of annular covered with air bag, the other end.
Chinese patent literature：CN205814418U discloses a kind of Medical endoscope polypectomy device, including main part, main
The first tube chamber and the second tube chamber separated, length direction arrangement of first, second tube chamber along main part, the portion are provided with body portion
One end be provided with first sleeve and the second sleeve pipe, first sleeve and the second sleeve pipe are respectively communicated to the first tube chamber and second pipe
Chamber, the other end of main part are provided with first handle and second handle；The first traction tube, the first traction tube one are provided with first sleeve
End is connected to the first draw ring through the first tube chamber, first handle, and the other end of the first traction tube is provided with quoit, and quoit is connected to
High frequency electric source；The second traction tube is provided with second sleeve pipe, second the second tube chamber of traction tube one end, second handle are connected to second
Draw ring, the other end of the second traction tube are provided with injection needle, are communicated with to the liquid feeding chamber of the second traction tube, add on second handle
Piston is provided with sap cavity, piston is connected with push rod.
But the laser cutting scope on the present invention yet there are no report.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide one kind to be cut by laser scope.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that：
One kind laser cutting scope, described laser cutting scope include main frame, image display, guide-lighting flexible pipe, conduction
Line, laser pedal, operation handle, insertion tube and scope；Described main frame is in rectangular-shape, is provided with before the main frame
Host service function screen, two laser controlling keys, power switch, conduction line jack and guide-lighting hose plug；On the right side of the main frame
Provided with outlet；Image display is fixedly connected with above the main frame, described image display is in rectangular-shape,
The lower right of described image display is provided with two regulation buttons；Guide-lighting flexible pipe on described guide-lighting flexible pipe one end and main frame is inserted
Head connection, the other end connect with the guide-lighting hose transition in operation handle；Biography before described call wire one end and main frame
Wire socket connects, and the other end is connected with laser pedal；Described operation handle is soft by operating portion, eyepiece portion, handle portion, leaded light
Pipe jointing part and insertion pipe jointing part composition；Described insertion pipe jointing part is connected with insertion tube；Described insertion tube one end and
Pipe jointing part connection is inserted, the other end connects with scope；Described scope is in cylindrical shape, is provided with before the scope
Two light beam cover glasses, nozzle, the outlet of pliers pipe and generating laser.
Generating laser described in the jet hole alignment of described nozzle.
Camera focusing arrangement is installed in described generating laser.
Described generating laser is provided with the scope headend that can launch laser beam in the dead astern of camera focusing arrangement.
The laser beam of described scope headend transmitting is located at the head end of scope, and being laser beam in place of the finding of the visual field can
Arrive at part.
The invention has the advantages that：
1st, laser beam is applied in endoscopic technic by the present invention first, and design can launch the scope headend of laser beam,
The existing endoscopic assistance of major tuneup so that scope integrates the function of inspection/treatment, and the equipment can be repeated multiple times
Utilize.
2nd, the laser beam of scope headend transmitting of the present invention is located at scope head end, and being laser beam in place of the finding of the visual field can
Arrive at part so that the cutting of scope undertissue is very flexible.
3rd, the ingenious characteristic using laser beam of the invention, laser beam can ensure operation completely in tunnel building technology
Security.
4th, the present invention is cut by laser easy endoscopic technic, safety, repeated multiple times can used, and can effectively reduce tunnel under scope
The difficulty of technology and the required expense paid of patient.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of schematic diagram for being cut by laser scope.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the schematic diagram that a kind of main frame for being cut by laser scope and image display combine.
Accompanying drawing 3 is a kind of operation handle schematic diagram for being cut by laser scope.
Accompanying drawing 4 is a kind of operation handle schematic diagram for being cut by laser scope.
Accompanying drawing 5 is that a kind of scope for being cut by laser scope is intended to.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment and referring to the drawings the invention will be further described.
The reference and part being related in accompanying drawing are as follows：
1st, main frame
11st, host service function screen
12nd, laser controlling key
13rd, power switch
14th, line jack is conducted
15th, guide-lighting hose plug
16th, outlet
2nd, image display
21st, regulation button
3rd, guide-lighting flexible pipe
4th, call wire
5th, laser pedal
6th, operation handle
61st, operating portion
62nd, eyepiece portion
63rd, handle portion
64th, guide-lighting hose transition
65th, pipe jointing part is inserted
7th, insertion tube
8th, scope
81st, light beam cover glass
82nd, nozzle
83rd, pliers pipe exports
84th, generating laser
85th, camera focusing arrangement
86th, scope headend
Embodiment 1
Accompanying drawing 1 is refer to, accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of laser cutting scope of the present embodiment.Described laser cutting
Scope includes main frame 1, image display 2, guide-lighting flexible pipe 3, call wire 4, laser pedal 5, operation handle 6, insertion tube 7 and scope
8.Guide-lighting hose plug 15 on described one end of guide-lighting flexible pipe 3 and main frame 1 connects, the leaded light on the other end and operation handle 6
Hose transition 64 connects；Conduction line jack 14 before described one end of call wire 4 and main frame 1 is connected, and the other end is connected with
Laser pedal 5.
Accompanying drawing 2 is refer to, accompanying drawing 2 is that a kind of main frame of laser cutting scope of the present embodiment and image display combine
Schematic diagram.Described main frame 1 is in rectangular-shape, and 11, two laser controllings of host service function screen are provided with before the main frame 1
Key 12, power switch 13, conduction line jack 14 and guide-lighting hose plug 15；Outlet 16 is provided with the right side of the main frame 1；
Image display 2 is fixedly connected with above the main frame 1, described image display 2 is in rectangular-shape, is shown in described image
Show that the lower right of device 2 is provided with two regulation buttons 21.
Accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 3, accompanying drawing 4, accompanying drawing 5 are refer to, accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of signal of laser cutting scope of the present embodiment
Figure, accompanying drawing 3,4 is a kind of operation handle schematic diagram of laser cutting scope of the present embodiment, and accompanying drawing 5 is one kind of the present embodiment
The scope for being cut by laser scope is intended to.Described operation handle 6 is connected by operating portion 61, eyepiece portion 62, handle portion 63, guide-lighting flexible pipe
Socket part 64 and insertion pipe jointing part 65 form；Described insertion pipe jointing part 65 is connected with insertion tube 7；Described insertion tube 7 one
End and insertion pipe jointing part 65 connect, and the other end and scope 8 connect；Described scope 8 is in cylindrical shape, in the scope 8
Two light beam cover glasses 81, nozzle 82, pliers pipe outlet 83 and generating laser 84 are above installed；The spray of described nozzle 82
The described generating laser 84 of mouthpiece alignment；Camera focusing arrangement 85 is installed in described generating laser 84；Described swashs
Optical transmitting set 84 is provided with the scope headend 86 that can launch laser beam in the dead astern of camera focusing arrangement 85；Described scope
The laser beam that headend 86 is launched is located at the head end of scope 8, is that laser beam can arrive at part in place of the finding of the visual field.
Embodiment 2
Accompanying drawing 1 is refer to, accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of laser cutting scope of the present embodiment.
The application method of laser cutting scope of the present invention is：Described natural hole of the scope 8 through human body, or warp
The small otch done of performing the operation enters in human body.Scope 8 is imported to the organ of preliminary examination during use, passes through described generating laser 84
The camera focusing arrangement 85 of middle installation can directly spy on the change about position and the position of lesion, and image is presented by transmission
On image display 2；Then by the pathological tissues to be cut off in the case of by exact focus, scope headend 86
Launch laser beam cutting pathological tissues.Scope headend 86 launches laser beam simultaneously, can pass through the laser controlling on main frame 1
Key 12 and laser pedal 5 are regulated and controled.
The laser cutting scope is used without external servicing unit, and such as electric knife, sea win knife to realize lesion group
The cutting knitted, laser beam is directly launched by scope headend 86 and cuts pathological tissues；So that scope 8 collection check, treatment
Function, so not only safety but also had reduced time and the expense of operation.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
Member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvement and supplement, and these are improved and supplement also should be regarded as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. one kind laser cutting scope, it is characterised in that described laser cutting scope includes main frame, image display, leaded light
Flexible pipe, call wire, laser pedal, operation handle, insertion tube and scope；Described main frame is in rectangular-shape, in the main frame
Host service function screen, two laser controlling keys, power switch, conduction line jack and guide-lighting hose plug are above installed；Described
The right side of main frame is provided with outlet；Image display is fixedly connected with above the main frame, described image display is in
Rectangular-shape, two regulation buttons are provided with the lower right of described image display；On described guide-lighting flexible pipe one end and main frame
The connection of guide-lighting hose plug, the other end connects with the guide-lighting hose transition in operation handle；Described call wire one end and
Conduction line jack connection before main frame, the other end are connected with laser pedal；Described operation handle by operating portion, eyepiece portion,
Handle portion, guide-lighting hose transition and insertion pipe jointing part composition；Described insertion pipe jointing part is connected with insertion tube；Described
Insertion tube one end connects with insertion pipe jointing part, and the other end connects with scope；Described scope is in cylindrical shape, in the scope
Before be provided with two light beam cover glasses, nozzle, pliers pipe outlet and generating laser.
2. laser cutting scope according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in the jet hole alignment of described nozzle
Generating laser.
3. laser cutting scope according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be provided with camera in described generating laser
Focusing arrangement.
4. laser cutting scope according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described generating laser is focused in camera and filled
The dead astern put is provided with the scope headend that can launch laser beam.
5. laser cutting scope according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the laser of described scope headend transmitting
Beam is located at the head end of scope, is that laser beam can arrive at part in place of the finding of the visual field.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710787228.3A CN107397587A (en) | 2017-09-04 | 2017-09-04 | It is cut by laser scope |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710787228.3A CN107397587A (en) | 2017-09-04 | 2017-09-04 | It is cut by laser scope |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107397587A true CN107397587A (en) | 2017-11-28 |
Family
ID=60398052
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710787228.3A Pending CN107397587A (en) | 2017-09-04 | 2017-09-04 | It is cut by laser scope |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107397587A (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100042084A1 (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-02-18 | Fujifilm Corporation | Laser treatment apparatus |
| CN102018495A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2011-04-20 | 广州宝胆医疗器械科技有限公司 | Diagnosis and treatment integrated confocal hysteroscope system |
| CN102525649A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2012-07-04 | 广州宝胆医疗器械科技有限公司 | Rigid laser hysteroscope system |
| CN102551883A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2012-07-11 | 广州宝胆医疗器械科技有限公司 | Hard laser cystoscope system |
-
2017
- 2017-09-04 CN CN201710787228.3A patent/CN107397587A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100042084A1 (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-02-18 | Fujifilm Corporation | Laser treatment apparatus |
| CN102018495A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2011-04-20 | 广州宝胆医疗器械科技有限公司 | Diagnosis and treatment integrated confocal hysteroscope system |
| CN102525649A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2012-07-04 | 广州宝胆医疗器械科技有限公司 | Rigid laser hysteroscope system |
| CN102551883A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2012-07-11 | 广州宝胆医疗器械科技有限公司 | Hard laser cystoscope system |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20171128 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |