CN107391865B - Air guide sleeve for inhibiting fluid separation and cavitation at end part of rudder blade and design method thereof - Google Patents

Air guide sleeve for inhibiting fluid separation and cavitation at end part of rudder blade and design method thereof Download PDF

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CN107391865B
CN107391865B CN201710635666.8A CN201710635666A CN107391865B CN 107391865 B CN107391865 B CN 107391865B CN 201710635666 A CN201710635666 A CN 201710635666A CN 107391865 B CN107391865 B CN 107391865B
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air guide
guide sleeve
rudder blade
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cavitation
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叶金铭
王友乾
王威
张凯
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Naval University of Engineering PLA
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of ship design, and particularly relates to a flow guide cover for inhibiting fluid separation and cavitation at the end part of a rudder blade and a design method thereof. A flow guide cover for inhibiting fluid separation and cavitation at the end part of a rudder blade is arranged at the end part of the rudder blade, the surface of the flow guide cover is smooth, and the edge contour line of the flow guide cover is superposed with the side line of the end surface of the rudder blade and is in smooth transition with the surface of the rudder blade. The air guide sleeve can improve the flow field distribution near the end part of the rudder blade, inhibit the fluid separation near the lower end surface of the rudder blade, improve the anti-cavitation performance of the lower end surface of the rudder blade, further avoid the cavitation erosion of the end part of the rudder blade and reduce the vibration and noise of the lower end surface of the rudder blade caused by cavitation and separation vortex.

Description

Air guide sleeve for inhibiting fluid separation and cavitation at end part of rudder blade and design method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ship design, and particularly relates to a flow guide cover for inhibiting fluid separation and cavitation at the end part of a rudder blade and a design method thereof.
Background
The rudder is the basic equipment who is used for controlling boats and ships navigation direction on the boats and ships, the lower terminal surface of traditional marine rudder is the plane, form the shape distortion with the roughly 90 degrees contained angles that become of rudder blade face leaf back of the body, lead to easily taking place fluid separation in rudder terminal surface department, form very strong separation vortex, the separation vortex not only can arouse vibration and noise, and make the rudder tip cavitation take place when lower navigational speed, produce the cavitation erosion, increase the maintenance cost of rudder, the life of rudder has been reduced, rudder tip cavitation still can further aggravate the vibration and the noise of rudder. The observation results of the rudder cavitation real ship and the rudder cavitation model test show that the initial speed of cavitation of the end surface under the planar rudder is much lower than the surface cavitation of the rudder blade, and the rudder end surface of a common water surface ship generates obvious cavitation at the cruising speed of about 18 Kn.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a pod for suppressing fluid separation and cavitation at an end of a rudder blade, which can improve flow field distribution near the end of the rudder blade, suppress fluid separation at the end of the rudder blade, reduce the possibility of cavitation at the end, and improve the overall performance of a rudder, and a method for designing the pod.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A flow guide cover for inhibiting fluid separation and cavitation at the end part of a rudder blade is arranged at the end part of the rudder blade, the surface of the flow guide cover is smooth, and the edge contour line of the flow guide cover is superposed with the side line of the end surface of the rudder blade and is in smooth transition with the surface of the rudder blade. The air guide sleeve can improve the flow field distribution near the end part of the rudder blade, inhibit the fluid separation near the lower end surface of the rudder blade, improve the anti-cavitation performance of the lower end surface of the rudder blade, further avoid the cavitation erosion of the end part of the rudder blade and reduce the vibration and noise of the lower end surface of the rudder blade caused by cavitation and separation vortex.
Furthermore, the shape of the vertical section (the section obtained by cutting the air guide sleeve by a plane vertical to the symmetrical line of the section at the lower end of the rudder blade) of each chord-wise position of the air guide sleeve is that the negative pressure coefficient of each section is ensured
Figure BDA0001364797330000011
The cross-sectional shape with the minimum peak value, and the negative pressure coefficient is defined as follows:
Figure BDA0001364797330000012
wherein p is the pressure on the surface of the air guide sleeve, p0For reference pressure, ρ is the sea water density, VSThe ship speed. By utilizing the parameters to calculate the negative pressure coefficient, various design models of the air guide sleeve can be conveniently compared and calculated to obtain the appearance data which enables the rudder blade to obtain the best performance.
When the design is carried out quickly, the vertical section of the air guide sleeve at each chord direction position can be in a semicircular shape or a semi-elliptical shape, and when the vertical section is in the semi-elliptical shape, the transverse axis of the semi-elliptical shape is always equal to the thickness of the section of the lower end of the rudder blade at the chord length position. On the basis of meeting design requirements, the design process of the air guide sleeve can be simplified by quickly designing the parameters, and whether the cross section shape needs to be further optimally designed is determined according to the design result of the parameters.
Further, the inside of the air guide sleeve is of a hollow structure. Through the kuppe that sets up hollow structure, can reduce rudder weight, reduce the material use amount simultaneously, reduce production and rise originally.
According to the requirement, the light material can be used for filling to reduce the weight of the rudder or a reinforcing rib plate is further arranged in the inner cavity of the air guide sleeve to ensure the strength of the hollow air guide sleeve.
Furthermore, the air guide sleeve and the rudder blade can be integrally processed and molded. Through the integral processing design of the rudder blade, the extra abnormal flow field generated at the joint part can be avoided, the integral flow field distribution and the anti-cavitation effect of the rudder are optimized, and the integral performance of the rudder is improved.
A design method of a flow guide cover for inhibiting fluid separation and cavitation at the end part of a rudder blade comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: keeping the shape and the structure of a main body of the rudder blade unchanged, and modeling the outer contour of the rudder blade;
step two: a geometrically smooth dome model is additionally arranged at the end part of the rudder blade geometric model, and parameters of the dome model are adjusted to ensure that the side line of the dome model is superposed with the side line of the installation section of the rudder blade model, and the outer surface of the dome is in smooth connection with the surface of the rudder blade;
step three: calculating a wake field of the propeller by a numerical calculation method, wherein the wake field data comprises the distribution of the wake speed direction and the speed magnitude;
step four: on the basis of keeping the coincidence of the boundary line of the air guide sleeve and the edge line of the end part of the rudder blade and the smooth connection of the surface of the outer side surface of the air guide sleeve and the surface of the rudder blade, the geometric shape of a vertical section (a section obtained by cutting the air guide sleeve by a plane vertical to the symmetrical line of the section of the lower end of the rudder blade) at each chordwise position of the air guide sleeve is adjusted to obtain different air guide sleeve schemes;
step five: the distribution of the pressure p on the surfaces of the rudder blade and the air guide sleeve at the rudder angle of 0 degree and the corresponding negative pressure coefficient are calculated by a three-dimensional surface element method
Figure BDA0001364797330000021
Extracting negative pressure on each vertical section of the domeCoefficient of performance
Figure BDA0001364797330000022
The negative pressure coefficient is defined as:
Figure BDA0001364797330000023
wherein p is the pressure on the surface of the air guide sleeve, p0For reference pressure, ρ is the sea water density, VSThe ship speed; the method obtains the correspondence of each vertical section of the air guide sleeve by optimally designing the line type of the section of the air guide sleeve
Figure BDA0001364797330000024
And (4) processing the air guide sleeve on the basis of the optimal linear data of each air guide sleeve, and then connecting the air guide sleeve to the end part of the rudder blade.
Further, in a specific design process, the process can be simplified according to design requirements, for example, in the process of carrying out technical improvement on the existing ship, in the actual design process, the rudder blade is not modeled, only the end edge line of the rudder blade needs to be obtained, the edge line of the flow guide cover is overlapped with the edge line of the rudder blade, and then the geometric shape of the cross section of each chord direction position of the flow guide cover is optimized.
Further, in the actual optimization process, the optimal scheme can be obtained according to the fourth step and the fifth step, or the design can be simplified as required, for example, when the vertical section of the nacelle at each chordwise position is a circular or semi-elliptical shape, and the vertical section is a semi-elliptical shape, the horizontal axis of the semi-elliptical shape can be further optimized to be always equal to the thickness of the section of the lower end of the rudder blade at the chordwise position.
The air guide sleeve meeting the requirements can be designed based on the design method, all or part of processes can be selected to solve the air guide sleeve meeting the design requirements according to the actual design requirements, the data required by the design method is less, the design data of the air guide sleeve are compared through the negative pressure coefficient, the optimized design can be rapidly carried out, and the design efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the configuration of the fairings on the rudder blade according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first cross-sectional shape of the pod of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second cross-sectional shape of the pod of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a third cross-sectional shape of the pod of the present invention.
The reference numbers include:
a rudder blade 1; a flow guide cover 2; a vertical section 3; a semi-elliptical cross-sectional edge line 4; semicircular cross-sectional sidelines 5, 51; asymmetric cross-sectional edges 6, 61.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and the design process thereof.
As shown in figure 1, the air guide sleeve 2 for inhibiting fluid separation and cavitation at the end part of the rudder blade 1 is arranged at the end part of the rudder blade 1, the cross section of the air guide sleeve 2 is in a streamline geometric shape, the edge of the air guide sleeve 2 is in smooth transition with the surface of the rudder blade 1, and the edge line of the air guide sleeve 2 is coincident with the edge line of the end part of the rudder blade 1. In practical application, the air guide sleeve 2 and the rudder blade 1 can be connected together in different connection modes such as welding or bolt connection.
The shape of the vertical section (the section obtained by cutting the air guide sleeve by a plane vertical to the symmetrical line of the section at the lower end of the rudder blade 1) at each chord direction position of the air guide sleeve is that the negative pressure coefficient of each section is ensured
Figure BDA0001364797330000031
The cross-sectional shape with the minimum peak value, and the negative pressure coefficient is defined as follows:
Figure BDA0001364797330000032
wherein p is the pressure on the surface of the air guide sleeve, p0For reference pressure, ρ is the sea water density, VSThe ship speed.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, at each chordwise position, the vertical section 3 of the pod 2 is semicircular (as indicated by a semicircular section boundary 4 in fig. 2) or semi-elliptical (as indicated by a semi-elliptical section boundary 5 in fig. 2 and 3 and a semi-elliptical section boundary 51 indicated by a dotted line), and when the vertical section is semi-elliptical, the transverse axis of the semi-elliptical shape is always equal to the thickness of the section of the lower end of the rudder blade 1 at the chord length. In order to simplify the design process of the air guide sleeve 2, the parameters can be taken to carry out rapid design on the basis of meeting the design requirement.
In order to facilitate the operation of the rudder, the mass of the rudder is reduced, the material consumption of the air guide sleeve 2 is reduced, and the interior of the air guide sleeve 2 can be designed into a hollow structure on the premise of ensuring the strength and other characteristic requirements of the air guide sleeve 2. To meet the requirements of weight reduction and strength improvement, the air guide sleeve 2 can be designed to be a shell-shaped structure filled with a light material. The light material can be processed by light metal or high molecular substance with higher strength, and can also be supported by reinforcing ribs made of the material or other materials.
A design method of a guide shell 2 for inhibiting fluid separation and cavitation at the end part of a rudder blade 1 comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: keeping the shape and the structure of the main body of the rudder blade 1 unchanged, and modeling the outer contour of the rudder blade 1;
step two: a geometrically smooth dome 2 model is additionally arranged at the end part of the rudder blade 1 model geometric model, so that the side line of the dome 2 is superposed with the side line of the rudder blade 1 model;
step three: calculating a wake field of the propeller by a numerical calculation method, wherein the wake field data comprises the distribution of the wake speed direction and the speed magnitude;
step four: the geometric shape of each chord-wise position vertical section 3 (a section obtained by cutting the air guide sleeve 2 by a plane perpendicular to a section symmetry line at the lower end of the rudder blade 1) of the air guide sleeve 2 is adjusted to obtain different air guide sleeve 2 schemes, in the actual design process, the air guide sleeve schemes are selected differently according to actual conditions and are influenced by a wake field near the rudder, the water flow directions and the water flow sizes of two sides of the position of the air guide sleeve are different, so that the two sides are stressed unevenly, the profiles of the two sides on the vertical section of the air guide sleeve are not necessarily symmetrical when the air guide sleeve is designed, namely the profiles can be semicircular or semielliptical in the figures 2 and 3 under the condition of meeting the design requirement, and the profiles can also be asymmetrical in the figure 4 (namely asymmetrical section side lines 6 and 61) in the further optimization process;
step five: the distribution of the pressure p on the surfaces of the rudder blade 1 and the air guide sleeve 2 at a rudder angle of 0 degree and the corresponding negative pressure coefficient are calculated by a three-dimensional surface element method
Figure BDA0001364797330000041
Extracting the negative pressure coefficient on each vertical section 3 of the air guide sleeve 2
Figure BDA0001364797330000042
The negative pressure coefficient is defined as:
Figure BDA0001364797330000043
where p is the pressure on the surface of the dome 2, p0For reference pressure (self-defined parameter used for comparison, the function of which is equivalent to the origin of a coordinate system and is set according to the parameters of the rudder blade 1 or according to actual needs, and can also be set as 0), ρ is seawater density, and V isSThe ship speed; the line type of the cross section of the air guide sleeve 2 is adjusted, and in the adjusting process, the shape of the side line of each cross section is mainly adjusted to obtain the corresponding vertical cross section of the air guide sleeve 2
Figure BDA0001364797330000051
And the optimal linear data with the minimum peak value is used for processing the air guide sleeve 2 on the basis of the optimal linear data of the air guide sleeve 2.
Further, in a specific design process, the process can be simplified according to design requirements, for example, in the process of carrying out technical improvement on an existing ship, in the actual design process, modeling is not needed to be carried out on the rudder blade 1, only the end edge line of the rudder blade 1 needs to be obtained, the edge line of the flow guide cover 2 is made to coincide with the edge line of the rudder blade 1, and then the geometric shape of the cross section of each chord-wise position of the flow guide cover 2 is optimally designed.
In the actual optimization process, the optimal solution (in the optimal solution) can be obtained according to the fourth step and the fifth step, or the design can be simplified as required, for example, when the vertical section 3 of the nacelle 2 at each chord position is a circle or a semi-ellipse, and when the vertical section is a semi-ellipse, the horizontal axis of the semi-ellipse can be further optimized to be always equal to the thickness of the section of the lower end of the rudder blade 1 at the chord position.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions created by the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention, since the ship's speed is not fixed, the design is usually performed according to the most commonly used speed and rudder angle (for example, rudder angle of 0 ° is straight) during the navigation, and the above parameters related to the process design may be partially adjusted according to the different actual design requirements, but the design principle and idea are the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A fairing for inhibiting fluid separation and cavitation at the end part of a rudder blade is characterized in that the fairing is positioned at the lower end part of the rudder blade and has smooth surface, and the edge contour line of the fairing is superposed with the side line of the end surface of the rudder blade and is in smooth transition with the surface of the rudder blade; the vertical section shape of each chord direction position of the air guide sleeve is that the negative pressure coefficient of each section
Figure FDA0003143803150000011
The cross-sectional shape with the minimum peak value; the vertical section of each chord-wise position of the air guide sleeve is a section obtained by cutting the air guide sleeve by using a plane vertical to the symmetry line of the section of the lower end of the rudder blade;
coefficient of negative pressure of each section
Figure FDA0003143803150000012
The cross-sectional shape with the minimum peak value is determined by adopting the following method: the distribution of the pressure p on the surfaces of the rudder blade and the air guide sleeve at the rudder angle of 0 degree and the corresponding negative pressure coefficient are calculated by a three-dimensional surface element method
Figure FDA0003143803150000013
Extracting negative pressure coefficient on each vertical section of the air guide sleeve
Figure FDA0003143803150000014
The negative pressure coefficient is defined as:
Figure FDA0003143803150000015
wherein p is the pressure on the surface of the air guide sleeve, p0For reference pressure, ρ is the sea water density, VSThe ship speed; the method obtains the correspondence of each vertical section of the air guide sleeve by optimally designing the line type of the section of the air guide sleeve
Figure FDA0003143803150000016
The peak value is minimal.
2. The air guide sleeve for inhibiting fluid separation and cavitation at the end part of the rudder blade according to claim 1, wherein the inside of the air guide sleeve is of a hollow structure, and the hollow part of the air guide sleeve is provided with reinforcing ribs or filled with a light material.
3. The air guide sleeve for inhibiting the fluid separation and cavitation of the end of the rudder blade according to claim 1, wherein the air guide sleeve is integrally formed with the rudder blade.
4. A design method of a flow guide cover for inhibiting fluid separation and cavitation at the end part of a rudder blade is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: keeping the shape and the structure of a main body of the rudder blade unchanged, and modeling the outer contour of the rudder blade;
step two: a geometrically smooth dome model is additionally arranged at the end part of the rudder blade model, so that the side line of the dome model is superposed with the side line of the rudder blade model;
step three: calculating a wake field of the propeller by a numerical calculation method, wherein the wake field data comprises the distribution of the wake speed direction and the speed magnitude;
step four: adjusting the geometric shape of each chord-direction position vertical section of the air guide sleeve to obtain different air guide sleeve schemes, wherein each chord-direction position vertical section is a section obtained by cutting the air guide sleeve by using a plane vertical to a section symmetry line of the lower end of the rudder blade;
step five: the distribution of the pressure p on the surfaces of the rudder blade and the air guide sleeve at the rudder angle of 0 degree and the corresponding negative pressure coefficient are calculated by a three-dimensional surface element method
Figure FDA0003143803150000017
Extracting negative pressure coefficient on each cross section of the air guide sleeve
Figure FDA0003143803150000018
The negative pressure coefficient is defined as:
Figure FDA0003143803150000019
wherein p is the pressure on the surface of the air guide sleeve, p0For reference pressure, ρ is the sea water density, VSThe ship speed; by adjusting the line type of the section of the air guide sleeve, the corresponding air guide sleeve on each section is obtained
Figure FDA00031438031500000110
The peak value takes the minimum optimal linear data; and processing the air guide sleeve according to the obtained air guide sleeve design data, and then connecting the air guide sleeve to the end part of the rudder blade.
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CN109033645B (en) * 2018-07-31 2023-04-07 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 Novel rudder anti-corrosion electrode and design method thereof
CN112429144B (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-12-28 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 Installation method of flow guide cover for improving flow field behind standing timber of high-speed ship
CN114194354B (en) * 2021-12-10 2024-01-23 海鹰企业集团有限责任公司 Design method of bionic type air guide sleeve with noise reduction function

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