CN107390181A - A kind of radar high-resolution imaging method based on multi-beam scanning - Google Patents
A kind of radar high-resolution imaging method based on multi-beam scanning Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of radar high-resolution imaging method based on multi-beam scanning, applied to radar imagery field, multiple reception beamlets are formed using digital beam forming technology, and make to use " folding fan " mode of operation during the inswept forward vision areas of reception wave beam, reduce forward sight doppler ambiguity region；Meanwhile larger doppler bandwidth is obtained by the echo superposition of multi-beam, strabismus region target bearing resolution ratio before raising airborne platform is big, realize the big preceding strabismus region large range high resolution imaging of radar；The method that the application proposes can be used for the intrinsic contradictions for solving existing for existing Doppler beam sharping technique between resolution ratio and forword-looking imaging blind area.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radar detection and imaging field, more particularly to a kind of scanning radar forward looking orientation is to high-resolution skill
Art.
Background technology
Radar utilizes transmitting and electromagnetic wave, realizes the functions such as target reconnaissance, monitoring, positioning and identification, and its frequency spectrums of operation is wide,
Round-the-clock, round-the-clock work can also be realized under the influence of the factors such as various adverse weathers, environment compared to optical detection
Make.Its extensive adaptability is in military and people such as ocean and hydrological observation, environment and disaster monitoring and land, sea tracking and rescues
There is very extensive application and researching value with field.
In radar imagery, realize that radar squints imaging to target reconnaissance, monitoring, positioning, tracking, the knowledge of enemy and we's target before big
Not, precise guidance is significant.Due to the problems such as Doppler of carrier aircraft forward vision areas is symmetrical and Doppler's variable gradient is small,
Cause the orientation high-resolution of adjacent target difficult to realize.In document " Zheng S.X.LIZ.BAO.Highly Squint DBS
Imaging[J].Modern Radar,2004,1:In 008. ", it is proposed that a kind of Doppler beam sharpening under large slanting view angle machine into
Image space method, is scanned using narrow beam, the airborne tiltedly a wide range of Doppler beam sharpened imaging of forward vision areas is realized, although this method can
To improve target bearing to a certain degree to resolution ratio, but the echo integration time of the inswept target point of narrow beam is short, is difficult to realize side
The adjacent nearer target in position is differentiated, and especially strabismus region, target Doppler gradient change rate are small before big, it more difficult to realize adjacent mesh
Target azimuth discrimination.In document " Bao H R W T, Bao-chang Z L.A Novel Algorithm for Stitching
Doppler Beam Sharpening Images Based on INS Information[J].Journal of
Electronics&Information Technology,2012,6:In 012. ", it is proposed that a kind of based on the more of inertial navigation information
General Le beam sharpening merging algorithm for images, its essence is utilize orientation whole process Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) increase echo coherent accumulation
When the time, improving Doppler beam sharpening azimuth resolution, but will cause the inswept positive forward vision areas of wave beam using broad beam, by
In Doppler's AXIALLY SYMMETRIC PROBLEMS so that imaging results aliasing, influence imaging performance.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above technical problems, propose a kind of radar high-resolution imaging side based on multi-beam scanning
Method, at each moment, make to be stopped by that beamlet of central axis to reduce forward sight echo Doppler symmetrical range,
And remaining wave beam normal work, after the beamlet inswept positive forward vision areas, work on and receive echo, so it is big obtaining
Doppler bandwidth realizes that orientation is high-resolution while turn avoid Doppler's symmetry ambiguity of the just preceding apparent direction of motion platform and asks
Topic.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of radar high-resolution imaging method based on multi-beam scanning, is being scanned
If when certain moment, there are the beamlet by central shaft, then close receive-transmit system corresponding to the beamlet；When the beamlet is led to
Cross central shaft and open receive-transmit system corresponding to the beamlet.
Further, following steps are specifically included：
S1, by it is multiple by linear array arrangement reception antennas, multi-beam is realized by beam forming technique；
S2, entire scan is carried out to multi-beam, scan pattern is：The beamlet by central shaft is there are when certain moment,
Then the beamlet is stopped；Work is replied after the beamlet is by central shaft；So as to obtain multi-beam echo-signal；
S3, echo-signal is obtained according to step S2, and row distance is entered to pulse compression to the echo-signal；
S4, enter row distance to the echo-signal after step S3 pulse compressions to migration correction；
S5, the echo-signal that step S4 is obtained is divided into as θ according to scan position1~-θβ/ 2 and θβ/ 2~θ2Two portions
Point；Procedure below is performed respectively to the echo data of the left and right sides：
In echo distance-Doppler domain, along Doppler frequency direction, according to the echo Doppler of targeted imaging region
Distribution, intercept the beam sharpening imaging results in areas imaging, you can obtain Doppler's ripple of the side forword-looking imaging scene
Beam sharpening imaging results；
Left and right sides imaging results are spliced according to target bearing, obtain whole image scene in multi-beam scan pattern
Under Doppler beam sharpened imaging result.
Further, the beamlet by central shaft is there are when certain moment described in step S2, then closes the beamlet
Corresponding receive-transmit system；Specially：Angle between setting per two neighboring beam center is θβ, beamlet be present when the moment
Scan to forward vision areasIn the range of when, close the reception system of the sub-antenna.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：One kind of the present invention is based on multi-beam scanning and realizes the high-resolution imaging side of radar foresight
Method, during digital beam forming technology is used for into beam scanning, by controlling the working condition of beamlet to obtain greatly how general
Bandwidth is strangled, i.e., when the inswept positive forward vision areas of the multi-beam of formation, the beamlet that beam position is positive forward vision areas is stopped work
Make, and remaining wave beam normal work, after the beamlet inswept positive forward vision areas, work on and receive echo, and then obtaining
Large doppler bandwidth realizes that orientation is high-resolution while turn avoid Doppler's symmetric mode of the just preceding apparent direction of motion platform
Paste problem, the technology have important application prospect in preceding strabismus imaging field.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the protocol procedures figure that the embodiment of the present application provides；
Fig. 2 is the transmitting-receiving wave beam of the embodiment of the present application offer in working state schematic representation at different moments；
Fig. 3 is the antenna radiation pattern that the embodiment of the present application provides；
Wherein, Fig. 3 (a) is single beamlet antenna radiation pattern, and Fig. 3 (b) is multibeam antenna directional diagram；
Fig. 4 is the preceding apparent direction multi-beam scanning radar geometrical model that the embodiment of the present application provides；
Fig. 5 is the image for the original scene that the embodiment of the present application provides；
Fig. 6 is the imaging results schematic diagram after the distinct methods processing that the embodiment of the present application provides；
Wherein, Fig. 6 (a) is the imaging results of real wave beam；Fig. 6 (b) be using truncated singular value method processing after into
As result；Fig. 6 (c) is to do the imaging results after Doppler beam sharpening using only single wavelet beam scanning；Fig. 6 (d) is to use
The imaging results after Doppler beam sharpening are done in multi-beam scanning.
Embodiment
For ease of skilled artisan understands that the technology contents of the present invention, enter one to present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
Step explaination.
It is as shown in Figure 1 the solution of the present invention flow chart, the technical scheme is that：It is a kind of based on multi-beam scanning
Radar high-resolution imaging method, if at certain moment in scanning, there are the beamlet by central shaft, then close the beamlet pair
The receive-transmit system answered；When the beamlet opens receive-transmit system corresponding to the beamlet by central shaft.
Specifically include following steps：
S1, by it is multiple by linear array arrangement reception antennas, multi-beam is realized by beam forming technique；
The mode of operation that the present embodiment is received more with double hairs illustrates to present context；It is specific to include two transmitting days
Line and the K reception antennas arranged by linear array mode.Each transmitted antednna beam width is θT, distinguish pre-irradiation and regard central axis two
Side region, and launch linear FM signal, each beamlet antenna width that receives is θβ, the beam center sensing of adjacent reception antenna
Angle is θγ, and grand θ in systemγ=θβ.The reception antenna that K are arranged by linear array mode, is realized by beam-forming technology
Multi-beam, and imaging region is scanned.When each beam antenna is scanned by being differently directed position, each beamlet is controlled
The working condition of antenna.Wave beam is received and dispatched in working condition at different moments to distinguish as shown in Figure 2.
S2, entire scan is carried out to multi-beam, scan pattern is：The beamlet by central shaft is there are when certain moment,
Then the beamlet is stopped；Work is replied after the beamlet is by central shaft；So as to obtain multi-beam echo-signal；
It specifically sweeps working method：The outside shade filling region for dotted line represents in Fig. 2, two big beam transmissions
The range of exposures of antenna；Outside solid line represents in figure, passes through multibeam antenna scanning area caused by beam-forming technology.It is interior
The single solid line in portion represents that beamlet receives echo area；In figure inner dotted line represent, when a certain wavelet beam scanning to forward vision areas-
θβ/ 2~θβWhen/2, the beamlet will be made to be stopped, that is, close the reception system of the sub-antenna, not receives echo-signal；In figure
Black real point represents the point target in forward vision areas, and the just preceding apparent direction of defined herein aircraft flight is 0 ° of azimuth, and broad beam is swept
The scope retouched is on -90 °~0 ° of left side, 0 °~90 ° of right side.
As shown in Figure 2, multi-beam is during sweeping, and at the A moment, beamlet starts scanning imagery region, now institute
There is beamlet to receive echo；At the B moment, scan and work is restarted by the beamlet (moment B wave beam 1) of axial centerline
Make, and be in forward sight ± θβBeamlet (moment B wave beam 2) in the range of/2 is stopped, in residual wavelet beam (moment B wave beam 3
To wave beam K) scanning when passing through central axis, is stopped to avoid Doppler's AXIALLY SYMMETRIC PROBLEMS successively；At the C moment, all ripples are treated
Beam is inswept forward sight ± θβAfter/2 scopes, all wave beams are again in running order.It is scanned using above-mentioned mode of operation, big
Scene information is remained as much as possible in the range of preceding strabismus.
Shown in single beamlet antenna radiation pattern such as Fig. 3 (a), pass through the multi-beam reception antenna of beam-forming technology formation
Shown in directional diagram such as Fig. 3 (b).With reference to the geometrical model of the scanning radar of Fig. 4 preceding apparent directions provided, if aircraft is radially
The speed of motion is v, and antenna beam is swept in forward vision areas with fixed angular velocity omega, and the flying height of aircraft is H, forward sight
It is located in image scene corresponding to the target at R (x, y) place and is apart from history：
θ (x, y) is represented in the position of orientation residing for point (x, y) place target.
The formula is subjected to Taylor expansion, influence of its second order term for imaging is very small, casts out second order term and higher order
Can will be approximately apart from history after infinite event：
If transmission signal is linear FM signal, echo can be obtained after the whole forward vision areas of individual antenna beam scanning
Expression formula be：
Wherein, θ be target residing for position of orientation, t be distance to fast time variable, τ be orientation it is slow when anaplasia
Amount, σ (x, y) represent the scattering coefficient of the target positioned at point (x, y) place, TβFor pulse time width, ω () represents antenna radiation pattern
Function, rect () represent unit square-wave signal, KrFor the chirp rate of linear FM signal, λ represents carrier frequency wavelength, and c is represented
The light velocity, R (t, x, y) represents scanning antenna and positioned at (x, y) place target apart from history, and rising between airborne platform and target
The distance that begins is R (x, y).
Scanned for multi-beam, because the angle between per two neighboring beam center is θβ, and a total of K antenna is pressed
Linear array mode arranges, and can obtain：Echo expression formula in this K antenna received by m-th antenna is：
Multi-beam working condition is described according in step S1, when generating each wave beam echo, target is inIn the range of when, wave beam will be closed.After the inswept a certain scene of K multi-beam, the echo received is：
It can be seen that due to identical apart from history, the broad beam synthesized using single narrow beam and multiple beamlets is scanned
Two kinds of situations obtain scene echoes form be similar, but using multi-beam scanning receive echo (5) add echo phase
Dry integration time, and the big preceding strabismus regional imaging blind area of forward sight is inhibited.
S3, echo-signal is obtained according to step S2, and row distance is entered to pulse compression to the echo-signal；
Distance is to pulse compression detailed process：Multi-beam scanning distance is constructed to pulse compression frequency matching functionConjugation as input signal spectrum；Again by the multi-beam echo-signal that receives of scanning along distance
To Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is done, in frequency domain-orientation time domain, it is multiplied with adaptation function, the phase for obtaining signal is disappeared
Remove, the time-domain signal of sinc functional forms is obtained again by Fourier inversion：
By in a frequency domain by being multiplied by adaptation function, quadratic phase in signal spectrum being offset, obtains linear phase；It is complete
Into Voice segment, realize distance to high-resolution.
S4, the echo-signal after step S3 pulse compressions is illustrated to be corrected to migration；
Due to phase offset caused by airborne platform motion, walked with being multiplied by distance simultaneously after pulse pressure frequency matching function
Dynamic phase calibration compensating factor：
Wherein, t1Represent the time series that multiple beamlet scan synthesis are undergone by point target.Row distance is entered to formula (6)
Walk about correction, multi-beam scanning target scene can be obtained obtained by echo-signal expression formula be：
Wherein, sinc [] is that B is transmitted signal bandwidth apart from pulse pressure receptance function.
S5, the obtained echo-signals of step S4 are divided into left and right sides echo data；To the echo data of the left and right sides
Procedure below is performed respectively：
In echo distance-Doppler domain, along Doppler frequency direction, according to the echo Doppler of targeted imaging region
Distribution, intercept the beam sharpening imaging results in areas imaging, you can obtain Doppler's ripple of the side forword-looking imaging scene
Beam sharpening imaging results；
Left and right sides imaging results are spliced according to target bearing, so as to obtain target scene θ1~-θβ/2,θβ/ 2~
θ2Multi-beam Doppler beam sharpened imaging result.
The application method is verified by following instance：
The emulation experiment of the present invention is all carried out on Matlab emulation platforms, simulation results show this method it is effective
Property.The inventive method is further elaborated with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Multi-beam scanning radar systematic parameter initializes
In the system, radar system imaging parameters are as shown in table 1, single beamlet and multibeam antenna directional diagram such as accompanying drawing
Shown in 3, the simulation imaging scene that this example uses is as shown in Figure 5.Parameter configuration is carried out to radar system according to above-mentioned parameter.
The systematic parameter of table 1
Multi-beam echo generates
The present embodiment implements according to FB(flow block) as shown in Figure 1, is swept according to the shown parameter of table 1 to set
Radar system is retouched, using multi-beam mode of operation as shown in Figure 2, using forward sight scanning radar kinematic geometry as shown in Figure 4
Model.Image scene shown in accompanying drawing 5 is scanned, the multi-beam echo such as following formula of generation
Multi-beam echo preprocessing
The multi-beam echo data generated based on foregoing multi-beam echo, multi-beam scanning distance is constructed to pulse compression
Frequency matching functionAgain by the multi-beam echo-signal that receives of scanning along distance to being in quick Fu
Leaf transformation, in frequency domain-orientation time domain, it is multiplied with adaptation function, the phase for obtaining signal is eliminated, then by Fu
Leaf inverse transformation obtains the time-domain signal of sinc functional forms：
Due to phase offset caused by airborne platform motion, walked with being multiplied by distance simultaneously after pulse pressure frequency matching function
Dynamic phase calibration compensating factor：
Wherein, t1Represent the time series that multiple beamlet scan synthesis are undergone by point target.Line-spacing is entered to formula (10)
From correction of walking about, can obtain multi-beam scanning target scene gained echo-signal expression formula is：
Wherein, sinc [] is that B is transmitted signal bandwidth apart from pulse pressure receptance function.
The processing of multi-beam Doppler beam sharpened imaging
Based on foregoing multi-beam echo preprocessing, according to target distribution scope, the real wave beam shown in formula (12) is returned
Ripple is divided into θ1~-θβ/ 2 and θβ/ 2~θ2Two parts, take θ1~-θβAll data reality beam datas in/2 orientation, along orientation
FFT computings are carried out to real wave beam echo.In echo distance-Doppler domain, along Doppler frequency direction, according to target into
As the echo Doppler distribution in region, the beam sharpening imaging results in areas imaging are intercepted, you can obtain on the left of forward sight
The Doppler beam sharpened imaging result of image scene；Similarly, θ is takenβ/ 2~θ2All data reality beam datas in orientation, along side
Position to real wave beam echo carry out FFT computings, obtain forward sight on the right side of image scene Doppler beam sharpened imaging result, into
As result is spliced according to target true bearing, you can obtain Doppler of the whole image scene under multi-beam scan pattern
Beam sharpening imaging results.Target in Fig. 5 is carried out shown in high-resolution imaging result such as Fig. 6 (d) of multi-beam scanning.
It is as shown in Figure 5 to be imaged original scene；Be utilized respectively when signal to noise ratio is 10dB real wave beam direct imaging, block it is unusual
Value is processed into picture, single wavelet beam scanning does Doppler beam sharpened imaging, Doppler beam sharpened imaging is done in multi-beam scanning
The result that four kinds of methods are handled is as shown in fig. 6, the Range dimension (Metre) in Fig. 6 represent distance dimension (rice)；
Azimuth dimension (Degree) represent azimuth dimension (rice).
Fig. 6 (a) is the imaging results of real wave beam, it is seen that can not realize that target is differentiated in orientation, its imaging resolution
It is low；Fig. 6 (b) is the imaging results after being handled using truncated singular value method, although realizing obvious beam sharpening, into
As the profile information loss of target is serious；Fig. 6 (c) is to do the imaging after Doppler beam sharpening using only single wavelet beam scanning
As a result, profile information is more clear, but and its imaging results secondary lobe low in azimuth resolution is higher；Fig. 6 (d) is using more
The imaging results after Doppler beam sharpening are done in beam scanning, and imaging results are clear-cut, and resolution ratio is significantly improved, and more
Under the conditions of beamformer system, strabismus region high-resolution imaging before keeping big still is able to.
One of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that embodiment described here is to aid in reader and understands this hair
Bright principle, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such especially statement and embodiment.For ability
For the technical staff in domain, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, made
Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements etc., should be included within scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. radar high-resolution imaging method based on multi-beam scanning, it is characterised in that if at the current time in scanning, deposit There is the beamlet by central shaft, then closing receive-transmit system corresponding to the beamlet；After the beamlet is by central shaft i.e. Open receive-transmit system corresponding to the beamlet.
- A kind of 2. radar high-resolution imaging method based on multi-beam scanning according to claim 1, it is characterised in that tool Body comprises the following steps：S1, by it is multiple by linear array arrangement reception antennas, multi-beam is realized by beam forming technique；S2, entire scan is carried out to multi-beam, scan pattern is：The beamlet by central shaft is there are when certain moment, then should Beamlet is stopped；Work is replied after the beamlet is by central shaft；So as to obtain multi-beam echo-signal；S3, echo-signal is obtained according to step S2, and row distance is entered to pulse compression to the echo-signal；S4, enter row distance to the echo-signal after step S3 pulse compressions to migration correction；S5, the obtained echo-signals of step S4 are divided into left and right sides echo data；The echo data of the left and right sides is distinguished Perform procedure below：In echo distance-Doppler domain, along Doppler frequency direction, it is distributed according to the echo Doppler of targeted imaging region Scope, intercept the beam sharpening imaging results in areas imaging, you can the doppler beam for obtaining the side forword-looking imaging scene is sharp Change imaging results；Left and right sides imaging results are spliced according to target bearing, obtain whole image scene under multi-beam scan pattern Doppler beam sharpened imaging result.
- A kind of 3. radar high-resolution imaging method based on multi-beam scanning according to claim 2, it is characterised in that step The beamlet by central shaft is there are when certain moment described in rapid S2, then closes receive-transmit system corresponding to the beamlet；Specially： Angle between setting per two neighboring beam center is θβ, wavelet beam scanning be present to forward vision areas when the momentIn the range of when, close the reception system of the sub-antenna.
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| CN111521968A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-11 | 南京理工大学 | Underdetermined DOA estimation method based on target space diversity |
| CN112083416A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-15 | 电子科技大学 | Motion platform scanning radar super-resolution imaging view field selection method |
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| CN109613532A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-04-12 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of airborne radar Real Time Doppler beam sharpening super-resolution imaging method |
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| CN109856605A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-06-07 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所 | A kind of while formation of the digital multiple beam quadratic fit curve is directed toward modification method |
| CN110275140A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-09-24 | 西安电子科技大学 | Satellite-borne SAR beam sweeping method based on parabola antenna |
| CN110414182A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-05 | 厦门大学 | Introduce the Ground Penetrating Radar FRTM algorithm of antenna radiation pattern |
| CN110414182B (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2021-10-22 | 厦门大学 | Ground penetrating radar FRTM algorithm introducing antenna directional diagram |
| CN111060909A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-24 | 电子科技大学 | Airborne radar oblique forward-looking super-resolution imaging method |
| CN111060909B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-03-04 | 电子科技大学 | Airborne radar oblique forward-looking super-resolution imaging method |
| CN111521968A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-11 | 南京理工大学 | Underdetermined DOA estimation method based on target space diversity |
| CN111521968B (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2022-05-20 | 南京理工大学 | Underdetermined DOA estimation method based on target space diversity |
| CN112083416A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-15 | 电子科技大学 | Motion platform scanning radar super-resolution imaging view field selection method |
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| CN107390181B (en) | 2021-02-09 |
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