CN107728144A - A kind of interference SAR imaging technique based on the biradical pattern of forward sight - Google Patents

A kind of interference SAR imaging technique based on the biradical pattern of forward sight Download PDF

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CN107728144A
CN107728144A CN201710932827.XA CN201710932827A CN107728144A CN 107728144 A CN107728144 A CN 107728144A CN 201710932827 A CN201710932827 A CN 201710932827A CN 107728144 A CN107728144 A CN 107728144A
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forward sight
receiver
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CN107728144B (en
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韦顺军
张晓玲
唐欣欣
田博坤
师君
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
    • G01S13/9023—SAR image post-processing techniques combined with interferometric techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/003—Bistatic radar systems; Multistatic radar systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/904—SAR modes
    • G01S13/9043—Forward-looking SAR
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/904—SAR modes
    • G01S13/9058—Bistatic or multistatic SAR

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of interference SAR imaging technique based on the biradical pattern of forward sight, it uses forward sight double-base SAR system, but receive the multiple antennas of motion platform carry and receive observation scene echo data, interference imaging ability is obtained using the Forward-looking SAR image of the multiple antenna generations of receiver, so as to realize the forward sight interference imaging of observed object, and for the deficiency that existing method is estimated in the biradical interference SAR imaging of forward sight and elevation, with reference to rear orientation projection's interference imaging algorithm principle and the biradical interference SAR imaging geometry model estimation landform altitude of forward sight, the defects of overcoming existing forward sight Bistatic SAR and the single base interference SAR imaging technique of tradition can not obtain motion platform front region X-Y scheme and elevation information simultaneously, realize that the biradical interference SAR of forward sight is imaged in high precision.

Description

A kind of interference SAR imaging technique based on the biradical pattern of forward sight
Technical field
The invention belongs to Radar Signal Processing Technology field, more particularly to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technical field of imaging.
Background technology
Compared with optical sensor, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) be used as a kind of active microwave remote sensing technique, have not by The limitation such as illumination and weather conditions realizes that the characteristics of round-the-clock, round-the-clock earth observation, or even permeable earth's surface or vegetation obtain It covers information, is widely used at present in civil and military field.
Bistatic SAR (BiSAR) is that a kind of radar transmitter and receiver are placed in the SAR bodies of two different motion platforms System, more traditional single station SAR system, Bistatic SAR have that imaging region is flexible, target information is abundant, disguised and antijamming capability The advantage such as strong, refers to document " Walterscheid I, Ender J H G, Brenner A R, et al.Bistatic SAR Processing and Experiments.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing, 2006,44(10):2710-2717”.Forward sight Bistatic SAR (FLBiSAR) is to develop to be formed in recent years on the basis of Bistatic SAR A kind of SAR New Systems.Receiver wave beam or transmitter beam point to motion platform front lower place area in forward sight double-base SAR system Domain, by launching big bandwidth signal and transmit-receive platform motion synthesis large aperture, receiving platform forward sight high-resolution two-dimensional imaging is realized, Refer to document " Wu J, Li Z, Huang Y, et al.Focusing Bistatic Forward-Looking SAR With Stationary Transmitter Based on Keystone Transform and Nonlinear Chirp Scaling.IEEE Geoscience&Remote Sensing Letters,2014, 11(1):148-152”.Forward sight is biradical For SAR except possessing the advantages of Bistatic SAR, platform front lower place area can not be realized by also solving the positive side views of traditional SAR or strabismus mode The defects of domain imaging.Therefore, forward sight Bistatic SAR round-the-clock, round-the-clock battlefield monitoring, target reconnaissance positioning, aircraft from The civil and military fields such as leading boat and landings, cargo assault, image matching guidance are with very high researching value and wide Application prospect.But forward sight Bistatic SAR is only capable of obtaining the equatorial projection image of platform front region at present, lost ground Shape elevation information.
Interference SAR (InSAR) is a kind of SAR systems that can obtain landform altitude, and it is mainly using multiple antennas to same The SAR image extraction interferometric phase information that one observation scene obtains, landform altitude information is finally inversed by conjunction with imaging geometry, Refer to document " Fornaro G, Lombardini F, Pauciullo A, et al.Tomographic Processing of Interferometric SAR Data:Developments,applications,and future research perspectives.IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2014,31(4):41-50”.But interference at present SAR system mainly using the single SAR imaging patterns of standing of tradition, is only limitted to positive side view or strabismus imaging, does not possess positive forward sight interference Imaging capability.
In order to obtain flying platform front region terrain graph and elevation information, can combine Bistatic SAR forword-looking imaging and Two kinds of advantages that interference SAR elevation obtains, imaging observation is carried out using the biradical interference SAR of forward sight (FLBiInSAR) pattern.So And compared with traditional forward sight Bistatic SAR and interference SAR, the biradical interference SAR imaging geometry model of forward sight and echo-signal characteristic are all Larger difference be present so that traditional forward sight Bistatic SAR and interference SAR elevation method of estimation is difficult to be applied to the biradical interference of forward sight SAR data imaging.For traditional forward sight Bistatic SAR high accuracy data imaging, the relatively more extensive imaging of application at present Algorithm is variable metric algorithm and the frequency domain algorithm such as w-k algorithms based on frequency spectrum extrapolation, refer to document " Qi C D, Shi X M, Bian M M,et al.Focusing forward-looking bistatic SAR data with chirp scaling.Electronics Letters, 2014,50(3):206-207 " and " Shin H S, Lim J T.Omega-k algorithm for airborne forward-looking bistatic spotlight SAR imaging.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2009,6(2):312-316 ", and based on point-by-point relevant product The Time-Domain algorithms such as tired back-projection algorithm refer to document " Espeter T, Walterscheid I, Klare J, et al.Bistatic forward-looking SAR:results of a spaceborne–airborne experiment.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2011,8(4):765-768”.Although Although these algorithms can realize the biradical interference SAR high accuracy imaging of forward sight by extension, these algorithms do not have Phase error influences caused by considering landform altitude, target oblique distance approximation etc. so that the biradical interference SAR image of forward sight protects phasic property Difference.For complicated track interference SAR imaging, the interference imaging algorithm based on rear orientation projection is the one kind newly proposed in recent years Height protects phase imaging algorithm, refer to document " Pan Zhouhao, Li Daojing, Liu Bo, Zhang Qingjuan, it is airborne based on BP algorithm and time-varying baseline Interference SAR data processing method research, electronics and information journal, Vol.36, No.7,2014 ".This method is by interference SAR major-minor Antenna echo data projection carries out interference SAR imaging to same imaging space, goes for complicated imaging pattern and answers High protect of miscellaneous track is mutually imaged.But rear orientation projection's interference imaging algorithm is only limited applied to the positive side view of the single base of tradition or strabismus at present Interference treatment, the high guarantor's phase imaging of the biradical interference SAR of forward sight can not be effectively applicable to.In order to overcome existing rear orientation projection to do Imaging algorithm is related in the biradical interference SAR of forward sight high the defects of protecting phase imaging, also needs to enter rear orientation projection's interference imaging algorithm Row improves.
The content of the invention
Can not be simultaneously the invention aims to solve existing forward sight Bistatic SAR and the single base interference SAR imaging technique of tradition A kind of the defects of obtaining motion platform front region X-Y scheme and elevation information, it is proposed that interference based on the biradical pattern of forward sight SAR imaging techniques, forward sight double-base SAR system is used in the imaging technique, but receive the multiple antennas of motion platform carry and receive and see Scene echoes data are surveyed, interference imaging ability are obtained using the Forward-looking SAR image of the multiple antenna generations of receiver, so as to reality The forward sight interference imaging of existing observed object, and estimate for existing method in the biradical interference SAR imaging of forward sight and elevation Deficiency, with reference to rear orientation projection's interference imaging algorithm principle and forward sight biradical interference SAR imaging geometry model estimation landform altitude, It is final to realize that the biradical interference SAR of forward sight is imaged in high precision；Overcome traditional forward sight double-base SAR system and conventional interference SAR system Motion platform forward sight is observed the defects of, the two-dimentional high-resolution imaging and landform altitude of motion platform front region can be obtained.
In order to facilitate description present disclosure, make following term definition first：
Define 1, the biradical synthetic aperture radar of forward sight
The biradical synthetic aperture radar of forward sight refers to that radar system receiver wave beam or transmitter beam point to motion platform Front lower place ground, by launching big bandwidth signal and transmit-receive platform motion synthesis large aperture, realize receiving platform front region The Synthetic Aperture Radar Technique of high-resolution two-dimensional imaging.
Define 2, synthetic aperture radar slow moment and fast moment
The synthetic aperture radar slow time refers to the time that radar platform is flown over required for a synthetic aperture.Radar system with Certain repetition period transmitting receives pulse, therefore when the slow time can be expressed as a discretization using the repetition period as step-length Between variable, each of which discrete-time variable value is a slow moment；The synthetic aperture radar fast time refers to that radar emission connects Receive the time of a cycle of pulse.Due to radar receive echo be to be sampled with sample rate, then the fast moment can be expressed as The time variable of one discretization, each discrete variable value are a fast moment；Refer to document and " protect polished, Xing Meng roads, Wang Tong Radar imaging technology [M] Electronic Industry Presses, 2005 ".
Define 3, interference synthetic aperture radar
Interference synthetic aperture radar refers to utilize two groups or two groups obtained in same observation scene difference observation angle Above SAR images carry out interference imaging processing, lift interferometric phase information, several then in conjunction with radar system parameters, radar platform What location parameter and the Synthetic Aperture Radar Technique of observation terrain information inverting Terrain Elevation and elevation change information, refer to document " skin also rings publishing house of synthetic aperture radar image-formings principle [M] University of Electronic Science and Technology, and 2007 ".
Define 4, standard interference synthetic aperture radar complex image corregistration method
Interference synthetic aperture radar method for registering images is to enter the SAR image that different antennae in interference SAR system obtains The method of row target signature alignment.According to measure function used by registration, standard interference synthetic aperture radar complex image corregistration Method can be divided mainly into 3 major classes：Correlation function algorithm, function method and maximum spectrum method are averagely fluctuated, refer to document " Dan Shiduo, Zhao Support the army interference synthetic aperture radars (INSAR) complex image corregistration method [J] Surveying and mapping Technologies, 2005,22 (2): 131-133”。
Define 5, standard synthetic aperture radar rear orientation projection imaging algorithm
Standard synthetic aperture radar rear orientation projection imaging algorithm is the synthetic aperture radar image-forming based on matched filtering principle Algorithm, its mainly by the calculating of SAR scene resolution cells oblique distance, range cell search, original echo Doppler phase compensation, return Wave number realizes the focal imaging of synthetic aperture radar raw radar data according to coherent accumulation etc., and referring to document, " monarch teacher is bistatic SAR and linear array SAR principles and imaging technique research [D] University of Electronic Science and Technology, 2009 ".
Define 6, standard synthetic aperture distance by radar compression method
Standard synthetic aperture distance by radar compression method refers to the transmission signal parameters using polarization sensitive synthetic aperture radar system, raw Into Range compress reference signal, and the mistake being filtered using matched filtering technique to the distance of synthetic aperture radar to signal Journey, refer to document " protect polished, Xing Meng roads, Wang Tong radar imaging technology [M] Electronic Industry Presses, 2005 ".
Define 7, synthetic aperture radar projection imaging space
Synthetic aperture radar projection imaging space refers to the imaging space chosen when data of synthetic aperture radar is imaged, and closes Need echo data projecting to the imaging space into aperture radar imaging and be focused processing.In general, synthetic aperture radar The selection of projection imaging space is oblique distance plane coordinate system or level ground coordinate system.
Define 8, standard synthetic aperture radar original echo emulation mode
Standard synthetic aperture radar original echo emulation mode refer to given radar system parameters, platform trajectory parameters and Observe under the Parameter Conditions needed for scenario parameters etc., obtain believing with SAR echoes based on synthetic aperture radar image-forming principles simulation The method of the original echoed signals of number characteristic, referring to document, " Zhang Jianqi .InSAR echo-signals are breathed out with system emulation research [D] That shore polytechnical university, 2010 ".
Define 9, standard interference synthetic aperture radar Phase Processing method
Standard interference synthetic aperture radar Phase Processing method is for the interference synthetic aperture for landform altitude inverting Radar major-minor haplopia complex pattern, is handled using registration, filtering, phase unwrapping etc., obtains can be directly used for landform altitude anti- The method for the interferometric phase drilled, refer to document " protect polished, Xing Meng roads, Wang Tong radar imaging technology [M] Electronic Industry Presses, 2005”。
Define 10, the positive side-looking mode of standard and preceding look-down mode
The positive side-looking mode of standard refer to the antenna beam direction of illumination of polarization sensitive synthetic aperture radar system it is vertical with the direction of motion and The mode of operation of irradiation observation scene, the positive side-looking mode of standard refer to the antenna beam direction of illumination of polarization sensitive synthetic aperture radar system with The direction of motion is parallel and irradiates the mode of operation of observation scene, refers to document and " protects polished, Xing Meng roads, Wang Tong radar imaging technologies [M] Electronic Industry Presses, 2005 ".
Define 11, standard time clock alignment method of adjustment
Standard time clock alignment method of adjustment is a kind of common method for realizing that synthetic aperture radar dual-mode antenna clock is synchronous, It is mainly synchronous using original clock and crystal oscillator deadline, refer to document and " Zeng Tao, Yin Pilei, Yang little Peng, wait distributed Full phase parameter radar system time and Phase synchronization project study [J] radar journals, 2013,2 (1):105-110”.
Define 12, standard antenna position and attitude method of adjustment
Standard antenna position and attitude method of adjustment is that the one kind for adjusting the alignment of synthetic aperture radar dual-mode antenna wave beam is commonly used Method, same observation scene mainly is directed at using antenna servo system dual-mode antenna, referring to document, " fourth builds loose double-base SARs Study on Synchronization Techniques and realization [D] University of Electronic Science and Technology, 2013 ".
A kind of interference SAR imaging technique based on the biradical pattern of forward sight provided by the invention, it includes following steps：
The transmitter and receiver mode of operation of step 1, the biradical forward sight interference SAR of initialization：
The biradical interference SAR emitter mode of operation parameter of forward sight is initialized, including：Emitter radar signal uses normal line Property FM signal；The centre frequency of emitter radar, is designated as f0；The carrier wavelength of emitter radar, is designated as λ；Emitter radar Signal bandwidth, be designated as BW；The pulse time width of emitter radar, is designated as Tr；The pulse recurrence frequency of emitter radar, is designated as PRF；Transmitter platform motion uses straight line uniform motion, transmitter platform velocity, is designated as VT；Transmitter platform height, It is designated as HT；Transmitter platform zero moment position vector, is designated as PT(0)；Transmitter antenna irradiation mode uses the positive side view mould of standard Formula；Transmitted antednna beam center and the angle of level ground, are designated as θT；Transmitted antednna beam width angle, is designated as βT；
The biradical interference SAR operation of receiver mode parameter of forward sight is initialized, including：Receiver radar is interfered using double antenna Pattern reception signal；Receiver radar sampling frequency, is designated as Fs；1st antenna is designated as primary antenna, and the 2nd antenna is designated as secondary day Line；Baseline length between receiver major-minor antenna, is designated as BS；Receive machine platform and use straight line uniform motion, receive machine platform Velocity, it is designated as VR；Receiver podium level, is designated as HR；Machine platform zero moment position vector is received, is designated as PR(0)；Receive Machine antenna irradiation pattern uses look-down mode before standard；Reception antenna beam center and the angle of level ground, are designated as θR；Transmitting Antenna beam angle, it is designated as βR；
Step 2, emitter and with receiver time and spatial synchronization:
Method of adjustment is directed at using standard time clock, made in the biradical interference SAR observation process of forward sight, emitter in biradical system Transmission signal initial time it is identical with the reception signal initial time holding of receiver, obtain emitter and and receiver time It is synchronous；
Using standard antenna position and attitude method of adjustment so that in the biradical interference SAR observation process of forward sight, in biradical system The observation area of emitter is identical with the observation area holding of receiver, obtains emitter and synchronous with receiver space；
Step 3, obtain emitter and with receiving machine platform track:
The distance of the biradical interference SAR observation of forward sight is designated as N to fast instance sample point sumr, the biradical interference SAR sight of forward sight The slow instance sample point sum of orientation of survey, is designated as Na；
Using formula PT(k)=PT(0)+VTK, k=1,2 ..., Na, transmitter platform is calculated in k-th of orientation The position at slow moment, is designated as PT(k), k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein, k is natural number, and k represents k-th of slow moment of orientation, PT (0) it is the transmitter platform zero moment position vector in step 1, VTFor the transmitter platform velocity in step 1；
Using formula PMR(k)=PR(0)+VRK, k=1,2 ..., Na, receiver primary antenna is calculated in orientation kth The position at individual slow moment, is designated as PMR(k), k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein PR(0) the reception machine platform zero moment obtained for step 1 Position vector, VRThe receiver platform speed vector obtained for step 1；
Using formula PSR(k)=PR(0)+VRk+[BS, 0,0], k=1,2 ..., Na, receiver slave antenna is calculated and exists The position at k-th of slow moment of orientation, is designated as PSR(k), k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein BSThe receiver major-minor obtained for step 1 Baseline length between antenna；
Step 4, the raw radar data for obtaining the biradical interference SAR of forward sight：
Raw radar data of the receiver primary antenna in distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientation, is designated as Em(t, k), t=1,2 ..., Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein t is natural number, and t represents distance to t-th of fast moment；Receiver Raw radar data of the slave antenna in distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientation, is designated as Es(t, k), t=1, 2,…,Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na；
During the biradical interference SAR actual observation of forward sight, raw radar data Em(t, k) and Es(t, k), t=1, 2,…,Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, provided by the biradical interference SAR radar system data receiver of forward sight；In the biradical interference of forward sight During SAR simulation imagings, raw radar data Em(t, k) and Es(t, k), t=1,2 ..., Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, by passing The standard synthetic aperture radar original echo emulation mode of system obtains；
Step 5, the initialization biradical interference SAR rear orientation projection imaging space of forward sight：
The biradical interference SAR rear orientation projection imaging space of forward sight is initialized, including：Rear orientation projection's imaging space is arranged to ground Coordinate system, the coordinate system horizontal cross shaft are designated as X-axis, and the coordinate system horizontal longitudinal axis is designated as Y-axis, and the coordinate system vertical height axle is designated as Z axles, rear orientation projection's imaging space centre coordinate are located at [0,0,0]；The X axis resolution cell number of rear orientation projection's imaging space, note For Nx；The Y-axis resolution cell number of rear orientation projection's imaging space, is designated as Ny；The X axis areas imaging of rear orientation projection's imaging space, It is designated as Wx, the Y-axis areas imaging of rear orientation projection's imaging space, it is designated as Wy；Rear orientation projection's imaging space is uniformly divided at equal intervals For Nx×NyIndividual resolution cell, obtain the position of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space Vector, it is designated as Q (i, j)=[x (i, j), y (i, j), z (i, j)], i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, wherein i and j are nature Number, i represent i-th of resolution cell of X axis in rear orientation projection space, and j represents j-th point of Y-axis in rear orientation projection space Unit is distinguished, x (i, j), y (i, j) and z (i, j) represent i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis in rear orientation projection's imaging space respectively X axis position, Y-axis position and the Z axis of resolution cell are to position；X (i, j) value is initialized as y(i,j) Value be initialized asZ (i, j) value is initialized as 0；
Step 6, rear orientation projection's imaging space is obtained to the oblique distance of the biradical interference SAR system dual-mode antenna of forward sight：
Using formula RM(k, i, j)=| | PT(k)-Q(i,j)||2+||PMR(k)-Q(i,j)||2, i=1 ..., Nx, j= 1,…,Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space is calculated At k-th of slow moment of orientation to the oblique distance between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver primary antenna, R is designated asM(k, I, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein, PT(k) transmitter platform obtained for step 3 is in side Position is to the position at k-th of slow moment, PMR(k) the receiver primary antenna obtained for step 3 is in the position at k-th of slow moment of orientation Put, Q (i, j) is the position of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 5 obtains Vector, | | | |2Represent vectorial 2 norm oeprators；
Using formula RS(k, i, j)=| | PT(k)-Q(i,j)||2+||PSR(k)-Q(i,j)||2, i=1 ..., Nx, j= 1,…,Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space is calculated At k-th of slow moment of orientation to the oblique distance between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver slave antenna, R is designated asS (k, i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein PSR(k) the receiver slave antenna obtained for step 3 In the position at k-th of slow moment of orientation；
Step 7, the phase difference for obtaining the biradical interference SAR receiver major-minor antenna of forward sight：
Using equation φM(k, i, j)=exp (2 π RM(k, i, j)/λ), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1, 2,…,Na, i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell is calculated in rear orientation projection's imaging space in k-th of orientation The slow moment to the time delay phase between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver primary antenna, is designated as φM(k, i, j), i= 1,…,Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein RM(k, i, j) is in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 6 obtains I-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell to the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and connect at k-th of slow moment of orientation The oblique distance between owner's antenna is received, λ is the radar carrier wavelength that step 1 obtains, and π represents pi, and exp () is represented with nature Constant e is the exponential function oeprator at bottom；
Using equation φS(k, i, j)=exp (2 π RS(k, i, j)/λ), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1, 2,…,Na, i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell is calculated in rear orientation projection's imaging space in k-th of orientation The slow moment to the time delay phase between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver slave antenna, is designated as φS(k, i, j), i= 1,…,Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein RS(k, i, j) be step 7 obtain at k-th of slow moment of orientation I-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell are to the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and reception in rear orientation projection's imaging space Oblique distance between machine slave antenna；
Using formulaI=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, it is calculated I-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell are to the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and reception in rear orientation projection's imaging space Phase difference between owner's slave antenna, it is designated as Δ φ (i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, whereinRepresent k values from 1 to NaIn the range of function summation symbol；
Step 8, using standard rear orientation projection imaging algorithm raw radar data is imaged：
Using standard rear orientation projection imaging algorithm, obtained in the rear orientation projection's imaging space and step 4 that are obtained to step 5 Raw radar data E of the receiver primary antenna in distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientationm(t, k), t= 1,2,…,Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, imaging is carried out, obtains i-th of X axis and j-th of Y in rear orientation projection's imaging space The receiver primary antenna SAR image of axial resolution cell, is designated as IM(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny；
Using standard rear orientation projection imaging algorithm, obtained in the rear orientation projection's imaging space and step 4 that are obtained to step 5 Raw radar data E of the receiver slave antenna in distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientations(t, k), t= 1,2,…,Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, imaging is carried out, obtains i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis in rear orientation projection's imaging space To the receiver slave antenna SAR image of resolution cell, I is designated asS(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny；
Step 9, the acquisition biradical interference SAR of forward sight project the interferometric phase after landform with going:
The receiver major-minor antenna SAR figure obtained using standard interference synthetic aperture radar Phase Processing method to step 8 As IM(i, j) and IS(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, interferometric phase processing is carried out, it is empty to obtain rear orientation projection's imaging Between in the forward sight interferometric phase of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell, be designated as…,Nx, j=1 ..., Ny；
Using formulaI=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, be calculated rear orientation projection into The interferometric phase project landform with going after of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in image space, is designated as φ (i, j), i =1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, wherein Δ φ (i, j) be in the obtained rear orientation projection's imaging space of step 7 i-th of X axis and J-th of Y-axis resolution cell is to the phase difference between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver major-minor antenna；
The elevation of resolution cell in step 10, estimated projection imaging space：
Using formulaI=1 ..., Nx, J=1 ..., Ny, the elevation of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space is calculated, remembers ForI=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, wherein λ is the obtained radar carrier wavelength of step 1, BSObtained for step 1 Baseline length between receiver major-minor antenna, φ (i, j) are i-th of X axle in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 9 obtains Interferometric phase after landform, H are projected to the biradical interference SAR of the forward sight of j-th of Y-axis resolution cell with goingRObtained for step 1 Receiver podium level, x (i, j) is i-th of X axis and j-th of Y axial direction in the obtained rear orientation projection's imaging space of step 5 The X axis position of resolution cell, PMR(k) the receiver primary antenna obtained for step 3 is in the position at k-th of slow moment of orientation, Q (i, j) is the position vector of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 5 obtains, ||·||2Represent that 2 norm oeprator π of vector represent pi, cos () is cos operation symbol, and arctan () is anti- Arctangent operation symbol,Represent k values from 1 to NaIn the range of function summation symbol；
The elevation of step 11, renewal rear orientation projection imaging space resolution cell：
Using formulaI=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, be calculated rear orientation projection into The elevation of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in image space, is designated as z0(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, wherein z (i, j) is the Z of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 5 obtains Axial location,I-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in the rear orientation projection's imaging space obtained for step 10 Elevation；
By in the position vector Q (i, j) of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in step 5 projection imaging space The value of Z axial directions is initialized as z0(i,j)；
Step 12, the interferometric phase to the biradical interference SAR of forward sight judge：
Using formulaForward sight biradical interference SAR rear orientation projection space is calculated The minimax phase difference of resolution cell, is designated as φ0, wherein max () represented to take maximum operation symbol, and min () is represented Minimum operation symbol is taken, φ (i, j) is i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 9 obtains The biradical interference SAR of forward sight of resolution cell projects interferometric phase after landform with going；
The threshold value judged is initialized, is designated as u0；To minimax phase difference0Judged：
If φ0≥u0, then step 6 is repeated to step 12；
If φ0＜ u0, then step 13 is performed；
Step 13, obtain the final biradical interference SAR imaging result of forward sight：
Using standard rear orientation projection imaging algorithm, in the rear orientation projection's imaging space obtained to step 11 i-th X axis and The elevation z of j-th of Y-axis resolution cell0(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, and the reception owner obtained in step 5 Raw radar data E of the slave antenna in distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientationm(t, k) and Es(t, k), t =1,2 ..., Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, carry out imaging, obtain in final rear orientation projection's imaging space i-th of X axis and The receiver major-minor antenna SAR image of j-th of Y-axis resolution cell, is designated as respectivelyWithI=1 ..., Nx, J=1 ..., Ny,WithThe biradical interference SAR image of as final forward sight.
The innovative point of the present invention is to combine forward sight Bistatic SAR and interference SAR image-forming principle, it is proposed that one kind is double based on forward sight The interference SAR imaging technique of basic mode formula, the imaging technique receive observation scene using two antennas of forward sight double-base SAR system carry Echo data is to realize forward sight interference imaging, with reference to rear orientation projection's interference imaging algorithm and the biradical interference SAR imaging geometry of forward sight Model, the landform altitude of estimation forward sight observation scene, finally realizes that the biradical interference SAR of forward sight is imaged in high precision.
It is an advantage of the invention that proposing a kind of interference SAR imaging technique based on the biradical pattern of forward sight, tradition is overcome Forward sight double-base SAR system and conventional interference SAR system can obtain area in front of motion platform motion platform forward sight is observed the defects of The two-dimentional high-resolution imaging and landform altitude in domain.
Brief description of the drawings
The biradical interference SAR imaging geometry model of forward sight that Fig. 1 is provided by invention, its space are earth axes, and X is represented The coordinate system horizontal cross shaft, Y represent the coordinate system horizontal longitudinal axis, and Z represents that the coordinate system vertical height axle is designated as, and 0 represents the seat Mark system origin, VTRepresent transmitter platform velocity, HTRepresent transmitter platform height, PT(0) when representing transmitter platform zero Carve position vector, θTRepresent the angle of transmitted antednna beam center and level ground, VRRepresent receiver platform speed vector, HR Represent receiver podium level, PR(0) represent to receive machine platform zero moment position vector, θRRepresent reception antenna beam center with The angle of level ground；
Fig. 2 is provided the schematic process flow diagram of imaging technique by invention；
Fig. 3 is the biradical InSAR of forward sight systematic parameter and observation scenario parameters in present invention specific implementation.
Embodiment
It is of the invention mainly to be verified that all steps, conclusion are all soft in MATLABR2014b using the method for emulation experiment Verified on part correct.Specific implementation step is as follows：
The transmitter and receiver mode of operation of step 1, the biradical forward sight interference SAR of initialization：
The biradical interference SAR emitter mode of operation parameter of forward sight is initialized, including：Emitter radar signal uses normal line Property FM signal；The centre frequency f of emitter radar0=1 × 1010Hz；Carrier wavelength lambda=0.03m of emitter radar；Transmitting The signal bandwidth B of machine radarW=5 × 108Hz；The pulse time width T of emitter radarr=5 × 10-5s；The pulse of emitter radar Repetition rate PRF=1500H；The motion of z transmitter platforms uses straight line uniform motion, transmitter platform velocity VT=[0, 100,0]m/s；Transmitter platform height HT=8000；M transmitter platform zero moment position vectors PT(0)=[0,0,8] 00；0 Hair m penetrates machine antenna irradiation pattern and uses the positive side-looking mode of standard；Transmitted antednna beam center and the angle theta of level groundT= 45°；Transmitted antednna beam width angle βT=10 °；
The biradical interference SAR operation of receiver mode parameter of forward sight is initialized, including：Receiver radar is interfered using double antenna Pattern reception signal；Receiver radar sampling frequency Fs=5 × 108Hz；1st antenna is designated as primary antenna, and the 2nd antenna is designated as Slave antenna；Baseline length B between receiver major-minor antennaS=2m；Receive machine platform and use straight line uniform motion, receiver is put down Platform velocity VR=[0,100,0] m/s；Receiver podium level HR=6000m；Receive machine platform zero moment position vector PR (0)=[0, -6000,6000] m；Receiver antenna irradiation mode uses look-down mode before standard；Reception antenna beam center with The angle theta of level groundR=45 °；Transmitted antednna beam width angle βR=10 °；
Step 2, emitter and with receiver time and spatial synchronization:
Method of adjustment is directed at using standard time clock, made in the biradical interference SAR observation process of forward sight, emitter in biradical system Transmission signal initial time it is identical with the reception signal initial time holding of receiver, obtain emitter and and receiver time It is synchronous；
Using standard antenna position and attitude method of adjustment so that in the biradical interference SAR observation process of forward sight, in biradical system The observation area of emitter is identical with the observation area holding of receiver, obtains emitter and synchronous with receiver space；
Step 3, obtain emitter and with receiving machine platform track:
The distance of forward sight biradical interference SAR observation is to fast instance sample point sum Nr=4096, the biradical interference SAR of forward sight is seen The slow instance sample point sum N of orientation of surveya=4096；
Using formula PT(k)=PT(0)+VTK, k=1,2 ..., Na, transmitter platform is calculated in k-th of orientation The position at slow moment, is designated as PT(k), k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein, k is natural number, and k represents k-th of slow moment of orientation, PT (0) it is the transmitter platform zero moment position vector P in step 1T(0)=[0,0,8000], VTPut down for the emitter in step 1 Platform velocity VT=[0,100,0] m/s；
Using formula PMR(k)=PR(0)+VRK, k=1,2 ..., Na, receiver primary antenna is calculated in orientation kth The position at individual slow moment, is designated as PMR(k), k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein PR(0) the reception machine platform zero moment obtained for step 1 Position vector PR(0)=[0, -6000,6000] m, VRThe receiver platform speed vector V obtained for step 1T=[0,100,0] m/s；
Using formula PSR(k)=PR(0)+VRk+[BS, 0,0], k=1,2 ..., Na, receiver slave antenna is calculated and exists The position at k-th of slow moment of orientation, is designated as PSR(k), k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein BSThe receiver major-minor obtained for step 1 Baseline length B between antennaS=2m；
Step 4, the raw radar data for obtaining the biradical interference SAR of forward sight：
Raw radar data of the receiver primary antenna in distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientation, is designated as Em(t, k), t=1,2 ..., Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein t is natural number, and t represents distance to t-th of fast moment；Receiver Raw radar data of the slave antenna in distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientation, is designated as Es(t, k), t=1, 2,…,Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na；
Raw radar data E is obtained using standard synthetic aperture radar original echo emulation modem(t, k) and Es(t, k), T=1,2 ..., Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, by；
Step 5, the initialization biradical interference SAR rear orientation projection imaging space of forward sight：
The biradical interference SAR rear orientation projection imaging space of forward sight is initialized, including：Rear orientation projection's imaging space is arranged to ground Coordinate system, the coordinate system horizontal cross shaft are designated as X-axis, and the coordinate system horizontal longitudinal axis is designated as Y-axis, and the coordinate system vertical height axle is designated as Z axles, rear orientation projection's imaging space centre coordinate are located at [0,0,0]；The X axis resolution cell number N of rear orientation projection's imaging spacex =2048；The Y-axis resolution cell number N of rear orientation projection's imaging spacey=2048；The X axis imaging of rear orientation projection's imaging space Scope Wx=500m, the Y-axis areas imaging W of rear orientation projection's imaging spacey=500m；Etc. by rear orientation projection's imaging space uniformly Interval is divided into Nx×NyIndividual resolution cell, obtain i-th of X axis and j-th of Y in rear orientation projection's imaging space and axially differentiate list The position vector of member, is designated as Q (i, j)=[x (i, j), y (i, j), z (i, j)], i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, wherein i and j It is natural number, i represents i-th of resolution cell of X axis in rear orientation projection space, and j represents Y-axis in rear orientation projection space J-th of resolution cell, x (i, j), y (i, j) and z (i, j) represent i-th of X axial direction and jth in rear orientation projection's imaging space respectively X axis position, Y-axis position and the Z axis of individual Y-axis resolution cell are to position；X (i, j) value is initialized as Y (i, j) value is initialized asZ (i, j) value is initialized as 0；
Step 6, rear orientation projection's imaging space is obtained to the oblique distance of the biradical interference SAR system dual-mode antenna of forward sight：
Using formula RM(k, i, j)=| | PT(k)-Q(i,j)||2+||PMR(k)-Q(i,j)||2, i=1 ..., Nx, j= 1,…,Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space is calculated At k-th of slow moment of orientation to the oblique distance between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver primary antenna, R is designated asM(k, I, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein, PT(k) transmitter platform obtained for step 3 is in side Position is to the position at k-th of slow moment, PMR(k) the receiver primary antenna obtained for step 3 is in the position at k-th of slow moment of orientation Put, Q (i, j) is the position of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 5 obtains Vector, | | | |2Represent vectorial 2 norm oeprators；
Using formula RS(k, i, j)=| | PT(k)-Q(i,j)||2+||PSR(k)-Q(i,j)||2, i=1 ..., Nx, j= 1,…,Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space is calculated At k-th of slow moment of orientation to the oblique distance between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver slave antenna, R is designated asS (k, i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein PSR(k) the receiver slave antenna obtained for step 3 In the position at k-th of slow moment of orientation；
Step 7, the phase difference for obtaining the biradical interference SAR receiver major-minor antenna of forward sight：
Using equation φM(k, i, j)=exp (2 π RM(k, i, j)/λ), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1, 2,…,Na, i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell is calculated in rear orientation projection's imaging space in k-th of orientation The slow moment to the time delay phase between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver primary antenna, is designated as φM(k, i, j), i= 1,…,Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein RM(k, i, j) is in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 6 obtains I-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell to the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and connect at k-th of slow moment of orientation The oblique distance between owner's antenna is received, λ is the radar carrier wavelength that step 1 obtains, and π represents pi, and exp () is represented with nature Constant e is the exponential function oeprator at bottom；
Using equation φS(k, i, j)=exp (2 π RS(k, i, j)/λ), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1, 2,…,Na, i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell is calculated in rear orientation projection's imaging space in k-th of orientation The slow moment to the time delay phase between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver slave antenna, is designated as φS(k, i, j), i= 1,…,Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein RS(k, i, j) be step 7 obtain at k-th of slow moment of orientation I-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell are to the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and reception in rear orientation projection's imaging space Oblique distance between machine slave antenna；
Using formulaI=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, it is calculated I-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell are to the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and reception in rear orientation projection's imaging space Phase difference between owner's slave antenna, it is designated as Δ φ (i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, whereinRepresent k values from 1 to NaIn the range of function summation symbol；
Step 8, using standard rear orientation projection imaging algorithm raw radar data is imaged：
Using standard rear orientation projection imaging algorithm, obtained in the rear orientation projection's imaging space and step 4 that are obtained to step 5 Raw radar data E of the receiver primary antenna in distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientationm(t, k), t= 1,2,…,Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, imaging is carried out, obtains i-th of X axis and j-th of Y in rear orientation projection's imaging space The receiver primary antenna SAR image of axial resolution cell, is designated as IM(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny；
Using standard rear orientation projection imaging algorithm, obtained in the rear orientation projection's imaging space and step 4 that are obtained to step 5 Raw radar data E of the receiver slave antenna in distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientations(t, k), t= 1,2,…,Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, imaging is carried out, obtains i-th of X axis and j-th of Y in rear orientation projection's imaging space The receiver slave antenna SAR image of axial resolution cell, is designated as IS(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny；
Step 9, the acquisition biradical interference SAR of forward sight project the interferometric phase after landform with going:
The receiver major-minor antenna SAR figure obtained using standard interference synthetic aperture radar Phase Processing method to step 8 As IM(i, j) and IS(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, interferometric phase processing is carried out, it is empty to obtain rear orientation projection's imaging Between in the forward sight interferometric phase of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell, be designated asI=1 ..., Nx, j= 1,…,Ny；
Using formulaI=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, be calculated rear orientation projection into The interferometric phase project landform with going after of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in image space, is designated as φ (i, j), i =1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, wherein Δ φ (i, j) be in the obtained rear orientation projection's imaging space of step 7 i-th of X axis and J-th of Y-axis resolution cell is to the phase difference between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver major-minor antenna；
The elevation of resolution cell in step 10, estimated projection imaging space：
Using formulaI=1 ..., Nx, J=1 ..., Ny, the elevation of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space is calculated, remembers ForI=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, wherein λ is the obtained radar carrier wavelength of step 1, BSObtained for step 1 Baseline length between receiver major-minor antenna, φ (i, j) are i-th of X axle in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 9 obtains Interferometric phase after landform, H are projected to the biradical interference SAR of the forward sight of j-th of Y-axis resolution cell with goingRObtained for step 1 Receiver podium level, x (i, j) is i-th of X axis and j-th of Y axial direction in the obtained rear orientation projection's imaging space of step 5 The X axis position of resolution cell, PMR(k) the receiver primary antenna obtained for step 3 is in the position at k-th of slow moment of orientation, Q (i, j) is the position vector of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 5 obtains, ||·||2Represent that 2 norm oeprator π of vector represent pi, cos () is cos operation symbol, and arctan () is anti- Arctangent operation symbol,Represent k values from 1 to NaIn the range of function summation symbol；
The elevation of step 11, renewal rear orientation projection imaging space resolution cell：
Using formulaI=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, be calculated rear orientation projection into The elevation of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in image space, is designated as z0(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, wherein z (i, j) is the Z of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 5 obtains Axial location,I-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in the rear orientation projection's imaging space obtained for step 10 Elevation；
By in the position vector Q (i, j) of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in step 5 projection imaging space The value of Z axial directions is initialized as z0(i,j)；
Step 12, the interferometric phase to the biradical interference SAR of forward sight judge：
Using formulaForward sight biradical interference SAR rear orientation projection space is calculated The minimax phase difference of resolution cell, is designated as φ0, wherein max () represented to take maximum operation symbol, and min () is represented Minimum operation symbol is taken, φ (i, j) is i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 9 obtains The biradical interference SAR of forward sight of resolution cell projects interferometric phase after landform with going；
Initialize the threshold value u judged0=1 °；To minimax phase difference0Judged, if φ0≥u0, then repeat to hold Row step 6 is to step 12, if φ0＜ u0, then step 13 is performed；
Step 13, obtain the final biradical interference SAR imaging result of forward sight：
Using standard rear orientation projection imaging algorithm, in the rear orientation projection's imaging space obtained to step 11 i-th X axis and The elevation z of j-th of Y-axis resolution cell0(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, and the reception owner obtained in step 5 Raw radar data E of the slave antenna in distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientationm(t, k) and Es(t, k), t =1,2 ..., Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, carry out imaging, obtain in final rear orientation projection's imaging space i-th of X axis and The receiver major-minor antenna SAR image of j-th of Y-axis resolution cell, is designated as respectivelyWithI=1 ..., Nx, J=1 ..., Ny,WithThe biradical interference SAR image of as final forward sight.

Claims (1)

  1. A kind of 1. interference SAR imaging technique based on the biradical pattern of forward sight, it is characterized in that it includes following steps：
    The transmitter and receiver mode of operation of step 1, the biradical forward sight interference SAR of initialization：
    The biradical interference SAR emitter mode of operation parameter of forward sight is initialized, including：Emitter radar signal is adjusted using normal linearity Frequency signal；The centre frequency of emitter radar, is designated as f0；The carrier wavelength of emitter radar, is designated as λ；The letter of emitter radar Number bandwidth, is designated as BW；The pulse time width of emitter radar, is designated as Tr；The pulse recurrence frequency of emitter radar, is designated as PRF；Hair Penetrate machine platform motion and use straight line uniform motion, transmitter platform velocity, be designated as VT；Transmitter platform height, is designated as HT； Transmitter platform zero moment position vector, is designated as PT(0)；Transmitter antenna irradiation mode uses the positive side-looking mode of standard；Transmitting Antenna beam center and the angle of level ground, are designated as θT；Transmitted antednna beam width angle, is designated as βT；
    The biradical interference SAR operation of receiver mode parameter of forward sight is initialized, including：Receiver radar uses double antenna interference pattern Reception signal；Receiver radar sampling frequency, is designated as Fs；1st antenna is designated as primary antenna, and the 2nd antenna is designated as slave antenna；Connect The baseline length between owner's slave antenna is received, is designated as BS；Receive machine platform and use straight line uniform motion, receiver platform speed arrow Amount, is designated as VR；Receiver podium level, is designated as HR；Machine platform zero moment position vector is received, is designated as PR(0)；Receiver antenna Irradiation mode uses look-down mode before standard；Reception antenna beam center and the angle of level ground, are designated as θR；Transmitting antenna ripple Beam width angle, is designated as βR；
    Step 2, emitter and with receiver time and spatial synchronization:
    Method of adjustment is directed at using standard time clock, made in the biradical interference SAR observation process of forward sight, the hair of emitter in biradical system It is identical with the reception signal initial time holding of receiver to penetrate signal initial time, obtains emitter and same with receiver time Step；
    Using standard antenna position and attitude method of adjustment so that in the biradical interference SAR observation process of forward sight, launch in biradical system The observation area of machine is identical with the observation area holding of receiver, obtains emitter and synchronous with receiver space；
    Step 3, obtain emitter and with receiving machine platform track:
    The distance of the biradical interference SAR observation of forward sight is designated as N to fast instance sample point sumr, the side of the biradical interference SAR observation of forward sight Position is designated as N to slow instance sample point suma；
    Using formula PT(k)=PT(0)+VTK, k=1,2 ..., Na, transmitter platform is calculated at k-th of slow moment of orientation Position, be designated as PT(k), k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein, k is natural number, and k represents k-th of slow moment of orientation, PT(0) it is step Transmitter platform zero moment position vector in rapid 1, VTFor the transmitter platform velocity in step 1；
    Using formula PMR(k)=PR(0)+VRK, k=1,2 ..., Na, it is slow in k-th of orientation that receiver primary antenna is calculated The position at moment, is designated as PMR(k), k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein PR(0) the reception machine platform zero moment position obtained for step 1 Vector, VRThe receiver platform speed vector obtained for step 1；
    Using formula PSR(k)=PR(0)+VRk+[BS, 0,0], k=1,2 ..., Na, receiver slave antenna is calculated in orientation To the position at k-th of slow moment, P is designated asSR(k), k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein BSThe receiver major-minor antenna obtained for step 1 Between baseline length；
    Step 4, the raw radar data for obtaining the biradical interference SAR of forward sight：
    Raw radar data of the receiver primary antenna in distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientation, is designated as Em(t, K), t=1,2 ..., Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein t is natural number, and t represents distance to t-th of fast moment；Receiver slave antenna Raw radar data in from distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientation, is designated as Es(t, k), t=1,2 ..., Nr, K=1,2 ..., Na；
    During the biradical interference SAR actual observation of forward sight, raw radar data Em(t, k) and Es(t, k), t=1,2 ..., Nr, K=1,2 ..., Na, provided by the biradical interference SAR radar system data receiver of forward sight；The emulation of forward sight biradical interference SAR into As during, raw radar data Em(t, k) and Es(t, k), t=1,2 ..., Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, closed by traditional standard Obtained into aperture radar original echo emulation mode；
    Step 5, the initialization biradical interference SAR rear orientation projection imaging space of forward sight：
    The biradical interference SAR rear orientation projection imaging space of forward sight is initialized, including：Rear orientation projection's imaging space is arranged to geographical coordinates System, the coordinate system horizontal cross shaft are designated as X-axis, and the coordinate system horizontal longitudinal axis is designated as Y-axis, and the coordinate system vertical height axle is designated as Z axis, Rear orientation projection's imaging space centre coordinate is located at [0,0,0]；The X axis resolution cell number of rear orientation projection's imaging space, is designated as Nx； The Y-axis resolution cell number of rear orientation projection's imaging space, is designated as Ny；The X axis areas imaging of rear orientation projection's imaging space, is designated as Wx, the Y-axis areas imaging of rear orientation projection's imaging space, it is designated as Wy；Rear orientation projection's imaging space is uniformly divided into N at equal intervalsx ×NyIndividual resolution cell, obtain the position arrow of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space Amount, is designated as Q (i, j)=[x (i, j), y (i, j), z (i, j)], i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, wherein i and j are nature Number, i represent i-th of resolution cell of X axis in rear orientation projection space, and j represents j-th point of Y-axis in rear orientation projection space Unit is distinguished, x (i, j), y (i, j) and z (i, j) represent i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis in rear orientation projection's imaging space respectively X axis position, Y-axis position and the Z axis of resolution cell are to position；X (i, j) value is initialized asy(i,j) Value be initialized asZ (i, j) value is initialized as 0；
    Step 6, rear orientation projection's imaging space is obtained to the oblique distance of the biradical interference SAR system dual-mode antenna of forward sight：
    Using formula RM(k, i, j)=| | PT(k)-Q(i,j)||2+||PMR(k)-Q(i,j)||2, i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell is calculated in rear orientation projection's imaging space in orientation To k-th of slow moment to the oblique distance between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver primary antenna, R is designated asM(k, i, j), i =1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein, PT(k) transmitter platform obtained for step 3 is in orientation kth The position at individual slow moment, PMR(k) the receiver primary antenna obtained for step 3 is in the position at k-th of slow moment of orientation, Q (i, j) The position vector of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in the rear orientation projection's imaging space obtained for step 5, | | | |2Represent vectorial 2 norm oeprators；
    Using formula RS(k, i, j)=| | PT(k)-Q(i,j)||2+||PSR(k)-Q(i,j)||2, i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell is calculated in rear orientation projection's imaging space in orientation To k-th of slow moment to the oblique distance between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver slave antenna, R is designated asS(k, i, j), I=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein PSR(k) the receiver slave antenna obtained for step 3 is in orientation The position at k-th of slow moment；
    Step 7, the phase difference for obtaining the biradical interference SAR receiver major-minor antenna of forward sight：
    Using equation φM(k, i, j)=exp (2 π RM(k, i, j)/λ), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, I-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space is calculated to arrive at k-th of slow moment of orientation Time delay phase between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver primary antenna, is designated as φM(k, i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j =1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein RM(k, i, j) is i-th of X axis in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 6 obtains With j-th of Y-axis resolution cell at k-th of slow moment of orientation to the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver primary antenna Between oblique distance, λ is the obtained radar carrier wavelength of step 1, and π represents pi, and exp () is represented using natural constant e the bottom of as Exponential function oeprator；
    Using equation φS(k, i, j)=exp (2 π RS(k, i, j)/λ), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, I-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space is calculated to arrive at k-th of slow moment of orientation Time delay phase between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver slave antenna, is designated as φS(k, i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j =1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein RS(k, i, j) be step 7 obtain k-th of slow moment rear orientation projection of orientation into In image space i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell to the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver slave antenna it Between oblique distance；
    Using formulaAfter being calculated Into projection imaging space, i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell are to the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver Phase difference between major-minor antenna, it is designated as Δ φ (i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, k=1,2 ..., Na, wherein Represent k values from 1 to NaIn the range of function summation symbol；
    Step 8, using standard rear orientation projection imaging algorithm raw radar data is imaged：
    Using standard rear orientation projection imaging algorithm, the reception that is obtained in the rear orientation projection's imaging space and step 4 that are obtained to step 5 Raw radar data E of owner's antenna in distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientationm(t, k), t=1, 2,…,Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, imaging is carried out, obtains i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis in rear orientation projection's imaging space The receiver primary antenna SAR image of resolution cell, is designated as IM(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny；
    Using standard rear orientation projection imaging algorithm, the reception that is obtained in the rear orientation projection's imaging space and step 4 that are obtained to step 5 Raw radar data E of the machine slave antenna in distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientations(t, k), t=1, 2,…,Nr, k=1,2 ..., Na, imaging is carried out, obtains i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis in rear orientation projection's imaging space The receiver slave antenna SAR image of resolution cell, is designated as IS(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny；
    Step 9, the acquisition biradical interference SAR of forward sight project the interferometric phase after landform with going:
    The receiver major-minor antenna SAR image I obtained using standard interference synthetic aperture radar Phase Processing method to step 8M (i, j) and IS(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, interferometric phase processing is carried out, obtains in rear orientation projection's imaging space the The forward sight interferometric phase of i X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell, is designated as
    Using formulaRear orientation projection's imaging is calculated The interferometric phase project landform with going after of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in space, is designated as φ (i, j), i= 1,…,Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, wherein Δ φ (i, j) is i-th of X axis and jth in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 7 obtains Individual Y-axis resolution cell is to the phase difference between the biradical interference SAR emitter of forward sight and receiver major-minor antenna；
    The elevation of resolution cell in step 10, estimated projection imaging space：
    Using formula <mrow> <mover> <mi>z</mi> <mo>^</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> <mi>&amp;phi;</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>&amp;pi;B</mi> <mi>S</mi> </msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>R</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mi>a</mi> </msub> </munderover> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mo>|</mo> <mo>|</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> <mo>|</mo> <msub> <mo>|</mo> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>...</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> J=1 ..., Ny, the elevation of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space is calculated, remembers It is the radar carrier wavelength that step 1 obtains for wherein λ, BSObtained for step 1 Baseline length between receiver major-minor antenna, φ (i, j) are i-th of X axis in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 9 obtains Interferometric phase after landform, H are projected with the biradical interference SAR of forward sight of j-th of Y-axis resolution cell with goingRConnect for what step 1 obtained Machine platform height is received, x (i, j) is that i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis are differentiated in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 5 obtains The X axis position of unit, PMR(k) the receiver primary antenna obtained for step 3 in the position at k-th of slow moment of orientation, Q (i, J) position vector of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in the rear orientation projection's imaging space obtained for step 5, | |·||2Represent that 2 norm oeprator π of vector represent pi, cos () is cos operation symbol, and arctan () is anyway Oeprator is cut, represents k values from 1 to NaIn the range of function summation symbol；
    The elevation of step 11, renewal rear orientation projection imaging space resolution cell：
    Using formulaRear orientation projection's imaging is calculated The elevation of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in space, is designated as z0(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, Wherein z (i, j) is the Z axis of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 5 obtains To position,I-th of X axis and j-th Y-axis resolution cell in the rear orientation projection's imaging space obtained for step 10 Elevation；
    By Z axis in the position vector Q (i, j) of i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis resolution cell in step 5 projection imaging space To value be initialized as z0(i,j)；
    Step 12, the interferometric phase to the biradical interference SAR of forward sight judge：
    Using formulaThe biradical interference SAR rear orientation projection spatial discrimination of forward sight is calculated The minimax phase difference of unit, is designated as φ0, wherein max () represents to take maximum operation symbol, and min () represents to take most Small value oeprator, φ (i, j) are that i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis are differentiated in rear orientation projection's imaging space that step 9 obtains The biradical interference SAR of forward sight of unit projects interferometric phase after landform with going；
    The threshold value judged is initialized, is designated as u0；To minimax phase difference0Judged：
    If φ0≥u0, then step 6 is repeated to step 12；
    If φ0＜ u0, then step 13 is performed；
    Step 13, obtain the final biradical interference SAR imaging result of forward sight：
    Using standard rear orientation projection imaging algorithm, i-th of X axis and j-th in the rear orientation projection's imaging space obtained to step 11 The elevation z of Y-axis resolution cell0(i, j), i=1 ..., Nx, j=1 ..., Ny, and the receiver major-minor antenna obtained in step 5 exists Raw radar data E of the distance to k-th of slow moment of t-th of fast moment and orientationm(t, k) and Es(t, k), t=1,2 ..., Nr, K=1,2 ..., Na, imaging is carried out, obtains i-th of X axis and j-th of Y-axis point in final rear orientation projection's imaging space The receiver major-minor antenna SAR image of unit is distinguished, is designated as respectivelyWith WithThe biradical interference SAR image of as final forward sight.
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