CN107389746B - Grain pile moisture content on-line detection method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for online detection of water content of grain piles, wherein the system comprises the following steps: the data processor substitutes the output voltage value of the moisture sensor into a linear equation of the moisture content of the grain pile, and the moisture content of the grain pile expressed by the wet basis is obtained through calculation. The invention can realize the automatic on-line detection of the moisture content of the grain pile, further realize the improvement of the ventilation efficiency in the intelligent mechanical ventilation, and also can accurately master the migration condition of the moisture in the grain pile along with the seasonal change, thereby providing technical support for scientific ventilation decision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grain storage in the food industry. More particularly, relates to a grain bulk moisture content online detection method and system.
Background
The moisture content of the grain affects the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the grain and is one of the key indexes for regulating and controlling the storage quality and the processing quality of the grain. The grain storage mainly inhibits the growth of insects and mites by regulating and controlling the temperature and the water content, prevents mildew, keeps the activity of grains and delays the quality deterioration. The moisture content of the grain pile is one of important parameters and indexes of grain condition monitoring and mechanical ventilation operation of the grain pile, detection is usually carried out after manual sampling, the real-time performance is poor, and online and automatic non-manual detection of the moisture content of the grain pile is a bottleneck technology for automatically determining the moisture content of the grain pile.
GB/T5497-1985 method for measuring water content of grain and oil comprises a constant weight method at 105 ℃, a constant temperature and timing drying method, a tunnel type oven method and a twice drying method. The moisture content of the ground corn and the whole corn was measured according to GB/T10362-2008. The drying and weighing method has long measuring time and poor real-time performance, and is not suitable for field measurement of large grain piles. The current resistance or capacitance type sensor for measuring the moisture content of the grain cannot meet the requirements on the precision and consistency. In practice, the moisture content of the grain pile is measured by adopting a method of testing after sampling, an oven drying method or a capacitance type moisture meter is used for measuring, the detection time is long, and the method is a manual mode and is not suitable for large-scale field measurement. In the ventilation operation process of the granary, the water parameters of the required grain stack are manually input, and the ventilation control is performed under the condition of manual intervention. Because the manual testing of the grain moisture content data is long in time consumption and asynchronous with the operation time of the ventilation control system, in the ventilation operation process, along with the changes of atmospheric temperature, humidity, grain pile temperature and moisture content, the reversal of the ventilation effect of the grain pile can be caused (for example, when the cooling machine ventilates, the moisture content of grain entering an air inlet rises), the ineffective ventilation operation occurs, the energy is wasted, the harmful ventilation operation is caused, and the automatic control of the mechanical ventilation can not be completely realized.
The grain moisture content sampling and testing method is limited by sampling point density and testing time, continuous tracking and comparison of a series of fixed positions for a period of time cannot be performed, and the water migration process of a local grain pile is difficult to know.
The mechanism for detecting the water content of the material by microwaves is to calculate the water content of the material by utilizing the changes of amplitude attenuation and the like generated by the action of the microwaves on the material. Due to different grain types, varieties and grain shapes, the density degree of grain stacks is changed during online detection, and the difference of relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss angle of grains is caused, so that the microwave power and amplitude value are changed, and inaccurate detection results are generated. With the deep development of the microwave on-line material moisture detection technology, the grain bulk density detection and compensation technology is one of the important development directions in the field.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide an online detection method and system for the moisture content of the grain pile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for detecting the moisture content of a grain pile on line, which can automatically detect the moisture content of the grain pile on line in real time so as to realize intelligent automatic control in the mechanical ventilation process of the grain pile and obviously improve the ventilation efficiency; and the rule that the moisture in the grain pile migrates along with seasonal changes can be mastered, and technical support is provided for ventilation decision.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an online detection method for moisture content of grain piles comprises the following steps:
substituting the output voltage value of a moisture sensor placed in the grain pile into a grain pile moisture content linear equation, and calculating to obtain the moisture content of the grain pile expressed by a wet basis, wherein the grain pile moisture content linear equation is as follows:
dsf＝dStdWater+(iVol-dStdVol)/α
wherein dsf is the moisture content of the grain pile, dStdWater is the nominal moisture, iVol is the output voltage value of the moisture sensor, dStdVol is the voltage value of the nominal moisture, and α is the ratio of the voltage to the moisture content of the grain.
preferably, α is 29 if the grain in the grain pile is wheat, α is 34 if the grain in the grain pile is rice, and α is 24 if the grain in the grain pile is corn.
Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of: and correcting the output voltage value of the moisture sensor by adopting a method of translating the intercept of a linear equation.
Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of: a plurality of groups of moisture sensors are placed in each grain pile, and each group of moisture sensors comprises a plurality of moisture sensors placed on the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the grain pile.
An online detection system for moisture content of grain piles comprises:
the data processor substitutes the output voltage value of the moisture sensor into a grain pile moisture content linear equation to calculate and obtain the moisture content of the grain pile expressed by a wet basis, and the grain pile moisture content linear equation is as follows:
dsf＝dStdWater+(iVol-dStdVol)/α
wherein dsf is the moisture content of the grain pile, dStdWater is the nominal moisture, iVol is the output voltage value of the moisture sensor, dStdVol is the voltage value of the nominal moisture, and α is the ratio of the voltage to the moisture content of the grain.
preferably, α is 29 if the grain in the grain pile is wheat, α is 34 if the grain in the grain pile is rice, and α is 24 if the grain in the grain pile is corn.
Preferably, the data processor further corrects the output voltage value of the moisture sensor by using a method of translating the intercept of a linear equation.
Preferably, a plurality of groups of moisture sensors are placed in each grain pile, and each group of moisture sensors comprises a plurality of moisture sensors placed on the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the grain pile.
Preferably, the moisture sensors in each group of moisture sensors are connected in series and then connected in series with an isolation resistor of 80 Ω to form series branches, and each series branch is connected to a bus connected with the data processor.
Preferably, the number of the moisture sensors placed in each grain pile is 6-64.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the technical scheme of the invention is used for online detection of the moisture content of the grain pile, and obviously improves the working efficiency compared with a method for measuring the moisture content by an oven method after sampling. The moisture content of the grain pile obtained by detection can be combined with indexes such as grain temperature, atmospheric temperature and humidity, ventilation condition judgment is carried out according to a balanced absolute humidity equation, ventilation operation is controlled, automatic control of mechanical ventilation is realized, and high efficiency and energy conservation of the ventilation operation are ensured. Because the grain conditions of the horizontal warehouse, the shallow round warehouse and the high vertical silo for placing the grain heap are different in stability, the moisture content of the grain is continuously tracked and detected, the migration rule of the moisture along with the seasonal change is analyzed, the temperature field and the moisture field of the grain heap in the warehouse are analyzed, and the technical support can be provided for researching the interaction between the temperature field and the moisture field of the grain heap.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings;
fig. 1 shows a bus structure diagram of an online detection system for moisture content of a grain pile.
FIG. 2 shows a wiring schematic for use with the moisture sensor.
FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a moisture sensor coupled to a transmitter.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
The invention discloses an online detection method for the moisture content of a grain pile, which is characterized in that the output voltage value of a moisture sensor arranged in the grain pile is substituted into a linear equation of the moisture content of the grain pile, the moisture content of the grain pile expressed by a wet basis is obtained by calculation, and the linear equation of the moisture content of the grain pile is as follows:
dsf＝dStdWater+(iVol-dStdVol)/α
wherein dsf is the moisture content of the grain pile, dStdWater is the nominal moisture and has the unit of% wet basis, iVol is the output voltage value of the moisture sensor, dStdVol is the voltage value of the nominal moisture and has the unit of mV, and α is the ratio of the voltage to the moisture content of the grain and has the unit of mV/% wet basis.
if the grain in the grain pile is wheat, the ratio alpha of the voltage to the moisture content of the grain is 29, if the grain in the grain pile is rice, the ratio alpha of the voltage to the moisture content of the grain is α -29 if the grain in the grain pile is corn, the ratio alpha of the voltage to the moisture content of the grain is 24.
In the online detection method for the moisture content of the grain stacks, a plurality of groups of moisture sensors are placed in each grain stack, each group of moisture sensors comprises a plurality of moisture sensors placed on the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the grain stack, and the moisture content of the grain stacks can be detected online according to the output voltage values of the moisture sensors in the grain stacks.
Each moisture sensor placed at different positions of the grain pile is influenced by factors such as impurity content of each batch of grains, shape and size of grains and the like, and the moisture content test error of the grain pile can be caused. In order to correct the test error, the moisture sensors in the granary are respectively numbered, the moisture sensors are calibrated one by one each time the granary is put in the granary, and the calibrated values are recorded in a system database.
When the grains are put into the warehouse, the water content of the grains does not exceed the safe water content, and the water content of the grains is usually changed within the range of 9% -15% in a storage period. The moisture sensors are calibrated one by one according to moisture values measured by an oven method or a capacitance type moisture meter. During detection, the output voltage value of the moisture sensor is corrected by adopting a translation linear equation intercept method, so that the error range is within +/-0.5%, and the corrected output voltage value of the moisture sensor is substituted into a grain pile moisture content linear equation to calculate and obtain the grain pile moisture content represented by the wet basis.
The water sensor in the online detection method for the water content of the grain pile is connected with the temperature measuring cable, so that the water content and the temperature of the grain pile can be simultaneously inspected. In the intelligent mechanical ventilation process, according to the moisture content and the temperature of the grain pile and the temperature and the humidity of the atmosphere, whether the grain is in the desorption process or the adsorption process is analyzed according to the grain balance absolute humidity model, whether ventilation operation is carried out or not is judged according to different ventilation purposes, and the operation or the closing of a low-power axial flow fan in system equipment is controlled. The invention meets the precision requirement of grain moisture parameter in the storage management moisture test and ventilation control process and the requirement of intelligent ventilation control of grain storage, realizes energy-saving and efficient ventilation operation, achieves the aim of energy saving, and realizes green, ecological and efficient grain storage. During ventilation or other mechanical operations, the moisture change condition is known in time, so that storage management personnel can take effective measures to ensure the quality requirement of the grain. In addition, the change condition of grain moisture in the characteristic section inside the grain pile is mastered. In the state of covering the film, in summer and autumn, moisture is accumulated on the upper layer of the grain stack to easily cause grain mildew, and in actual work, the film is torn off according to the conditions to naturally volatilize the moisture on the upper layer or a ventilation method is adopted to reduce the moisture on the upper layer of the grain stack.
As shown in figure 1, the invention discloses an online detection system for moisture content of grain piles, which comprises:
the data processor and the moisture sensor who places in the grain heap, the moisture sensor passes through the bus and is connected with the data processor, and the data processor substitutes the output voltage value of moisture sensor in grain heap moisture content linear equation, calculates the grain heap moisture content that obtains the wet basis and express, and grain heap moisture content linear equation is:
dsf＝dStdWater+(iVol-dStdVol)/α
wherein dsf is the moisture content of the grain pile, dStdWater is the nominal moisture, iVol is the output voltage value of the moisture sensor, dStdVol is the voltage value of the nominal moisture, and α is the ratio of the voltage to the moisture content of the grain.
if the grain in the grain pile is wheat, the ratio alpha of the voltage to the moisture content of the grain is 29, if the grain in the grain pile is rice, the ratio alpha of the voltage to the moisture content of the grain is α -29 if the grain in the grain pile is corn, the ratio alpha of the voltage to the moisture content of the grain is 24.
Each moisture sensor placed at different positions of the grain pile is influenced by factors such as impurity content of each batch of grains, shape and size of grains and the like, and the moisture content test error of the grain pile can be caused. In order to correct the test error, the moisture sensors in the granary are respectively numbered, the moisture sensors are calibrated one by one each time the granary is put in the granary, and the calibrated values are recorded in a system database.
When the grains are put into the warehouse, the water content of the grains does not exceed the safe water content, and the water content of the grains is usually changed within the range of 9% -15% in a storage period. The moisture sensors are calibrated one by one according to moisture values measured by an oven method or a capacitance type moisture meter. During detection, the data processor corrects the output voltage value of the moisture sensor by adopting a method of translating the intercept of a linear equation, so that the error range is within +/-0.5%, and then the corrected output voltage value of the moisture sensor is substituted into a linear equation of the moisture content of the grain pile to calculate the moisture content of the grain pile expressed by the wet basis.
The invention discloses an online detection system for moisture content of grain piles, which adopts a moisture sensor belonging to a Frequency Domain Reflectometer (FDR) type moisture sensor and is characterized in that the apparent dielectric constant (epsilon) of grain is measured according to the Frequency of electromagnetic wave transmitted in a medium by utilizing the electromagnetic wave pulse principle, so that the moisture content of the grain is obtained. The sensor is connected with the transmitter, the measuring frequency of the sensor is 100MHz, the sensor takes the central probe as the center, the measuring area is 6 multiplied by 8cm, the response time is less than 1 second, the range of the output current analog quantity is 9.3-18.7 mA within the range of 8-22% of the grain moisture content according to the moisture range of grain safe storage, a 250 omega resistor is added at the far end, and the current within the range of 9.3-18.7 mA is converted into 2.325-4.675V. The moisture sensor adopts a stainless steel probe with a sharp front end, and the chip box is sealed by epoxy resin glue. The moisture determination sensor is resistant to phosphine fumigation, adopts an anti-interference design and is stable in performance. The method is quick and accurate in measuring the moisture content of the grain pile, can be used for measuring the moisture content of the grain pile for multiple times at the same grain pile site by continuous measurement, is wide in moisture measurement range, is not influenced by hysteresis, is not influenced by measurement time precision in accuracy, can be connected with an automatic recording system and a computer, and is used for automatically and continuously monitoring the dynamic moisture content of the grain pile at fixed points. The moisture sensor has the advantages of safety, simplicity, convenience, rapidness, accuracy, fixed point continuity, automation, wide measuring range and the like, and can meet the requirement of measuring the moisture content of the grain pile. Is suitable for ecological conditions of grain piles (-20-40 ℃ and RH 30-70%).
As shown in figure 2, a power supply is connected between V + and V-of the moisture sensor, moisture signal current output is between A + and A-, signals can be transmitted remotely, and current signals can be reliably transmitted within a distance range of 1km theoretically.
As shown in fig. 3, the DS2450 receives an AD conversion command from the moisture sensor analog input terminal Vi, converts the analog input voltage Vi into a digital value, stores the digital value in an on-chip register, and transmits DATA on the DATA line using a 1-wire bus communication protocol. The moisture sensor and transmitter connection circuit is described as follows:
1. a communication interface: and receiving a communication control command, and controlling the conversion of the analog data and the transmission of the data.
DS2450 chip: the moisture sensor analog quantity is converted to a digital quantity. For the grain moisture value, the moisture sensor outputs a voltage value. The DS2450 chip converts the voltage value into digital quantity and stores it in the memory. The extension set starts the analog data conversion of the moisture value by an SPI interface method and reads the data of the memory.
3. A filter circuit: the noise of the circuit is filtered, and spike interference is filtered by the capacitors C1 and C2.
4. A protection circuit: and electromagnetic interference is suppressed, and damage of the transmitter caused by electromagnetic interference (including lightning stroke) is protected. Each pin of the communication interface is a TVP transient diode through a current-limiting resistor, D1 and D2, so that electromagnetic interference is effectively inhibited, and a circuit of the transmitter is protected.
After receiving the AD conversion command, the DS2450 chip converts the analog value of the input voltage Vi into a digital value, stores the digital value in an on-chip register, and transmits DATA on the DATA line by using a 1-Wire bus communication protocol (1-Wire bus protocol).
The 6DS2450 transmits DATA and receives commands over the DATA lines in a 1-wire bus communication protocol.
Moisture sensor and data processor are connected with the bus mode, realize the multiple spot and measure, the needs that big storehouse holds the granary development have been satisfied, multiunit moisture sensor has all been placed in every granary of placing the grain stack, every moisture sensor of group is including placing on the grain stack, in, a plurality of moisture sensor of lower floor, it is specific, can place 6 ~ 64 moisture sensor in every granary, the isolation resistance of establishing ties 80 omega again after the moisture sensor in every moisture sensor of group establishes ties forms the series branch road, each series branch road all inserts the bus of connecting data processor. The data processor and the moisture sensor communicate with each other through a bus by adopting an SPI protocol and adopting a two-wire system serial communication mode, and a transmission line is a five-type unshielded twisted pair (2 multiplied by 0.3). The connection mode of the bus structure is suitable for multipoint detection, the bin capacity is generally in the order of thousands of tons, the volume of a grain pile is large, the height of a grain loading line of a horizontal bin can reach 6 meters, sensors are arranged in three or four layers, the installation is convenient, and the maintenance is easy.
The technical effect of the invention is further explained by the detection result obtained after the online detection system for the moisture content of the grain pile disclosed by the invention is applied to the specific grain pile.
In the national grain storage warehouse of Taojiang county in Chongqing, the moisture of grain piles is tested on line in real time, the test warehouse is of a single-storey warehouse type, the grain variety is medium-late long-grained nonglutinous rice, and the newly-warehoused paddy is subjected to mechanical ventilation operation for reducing the temperature in winter.
As shown in Table 1, the error between the rice online detection result and the water content of the sample is within 0.2%. The moisture change of the upper layer of the grain pile is small, the changes of the middle layer and the lower layer are large, the moisture reduction result in the ventilation operation process of the temperature equalizing or cooling machine in winter is reflected, and the precision can meet the requirement of storage management. In the ventilation process of the grain pile, the moisture content of the grain is detected on line, the data is stable, and the error is small. The method is applied to parameter data in a ventilation window model, gives the current atmosphere and grain condition states, intelligently guides the ventilation operation, and improves the efficiency by more than 50% compared with the traditional ventilation method of manual cage-entering control. The moisture content of the grain pile is detected on line by taking a year as a period, the condition of water migration in four seasons of the year can be reflected, and the distribution and change rule of the water field of the stored grain can be analyzed by means of a grain situation cloud computing method. The moisture content of the grain pile is tested for different types of granaries, and the grain situation cloud picture analysis is carried out, so that the method has important guiding significance for the design and scientific storage of the types of granaries.
TABLE 1 determination of moisture content (%) of a rice grain bulk during a cooling and ventilating process in winter
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An online detection method for the moisture content of grain piles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
substituting the output voltage value of a moisture sensor placed in the grain pile into a grain pile moisture content linear equation, and calculating to obtain the moisture content of the grain pile expressed by a wet basis, wherein the grain pile moisture content linear equation is as follows:
dsf＝dStdWater+(iVol-dStdVol)/α
wherein dsf is the moisture content of the grain pile, dStdWater is the nominal moisture, iVol is the output voltage value of the moisture sensor, dStdVol is the voltage value of the nominal moisture, and α is the ratio of the voltage to the moisture content of the grain;
the moisture sensor is an FDR moisture sensor;
if the grain in the grain pile is wheat, α -29, if the grain in the grain pile is rice, alpha is 34, and if the grain in the grain pile is corn, alpha is 24.
2. The online detection method for the moisture content of the grain pile according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising the following steps: and correcting the output voltage value of the moisture sensor by adopting a method of translating the intercept of a linear equation.
3. The online detection method for the moisture content of the grain pile according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising the following steps: a plurality of groups of moisture sensors are placed in each grain pile, and each group of moisture sensors comprises a plurality of moisture sensors placed on the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the grain pile.
4. The utility model provides a moisture content on-line measuring system is piled to grain which characterized in that includes:
the device comprises a data processor and a moisture sensor arranged in a grain pile, wherein the moisture sensor is an FDR moisture sensor, the data processor substitutes the output voltage value of the moisture sensor into a linear equation of moisture content of the grain pile, and the linear equation of moisture content of the grain pile expressed by a wet basis is obtained by calculation:
dsf＝dStdWater+(iVol-dStdVol)/α
wherein dsf is the moisture content of the grain pile, dStdWater is the nominal moisture, iVol is the output voltage value of the moisture sensor, dStdVol is the voltage value of the nominal moisture, and α is the ratio of the voltage to the moisture content of the grain;
if the grain in the grain pile is wheat, α -29, if the grain in the grain pile is rice, alpha is 34, and if the grain in the grain pile is corn, alpha is 24.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the data processor further corrects the output voltage value of the moisture sensor by using a method of translating the intercept of a linear equation.
6. The online detection system for the moisture content of the grain piles according to claim 4, characterized in that a plurality of groups of moisture sensors are placed in each grain pile, and each group of moisture sensors comprises a plurality of moisture sensors placed on the upper, middle and lower layers of the grain pile.
7. The online detection system for the moisture content of the grain pile according to claim 6, wherein the moisture sensors in each group of moisture sensors are connected in series and then connected in series with an isolation resistor of 80 Ω to form series branches, and each series branch is connected to a bus connected with a data processor.
8. The online detection system for the moisture content of the grain piles according to claim 6, wherein the number of the moisture sensors arranged in each grain pile is 6-64.
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| 玉米平衡水分测定及等温线方程确定;王双林;《中国粮油学报》;20101125;第25卷(第11期);全文 * |
| 粮油种子平衡水分测定方法及数据处理;李兴军;《粮食加工》;20111231;第36卷(第6期);全文 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111948248B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2023-10-13 | 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院 | Method and device for predicting mechanical cooling and ventilation time of grain pile |
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