CN107388239B - Comprehensive utilization system and method for low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash - Google Patents
Comprehensive utilization system and method for low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN107388239B CN107388239B CN201710551502.7A CN201710551502A CN107388239B CN 107388239 B CN107388239 B CN 107388239B CN 201710551502 A CN201710551502 A CN 201710551502A CN 107388239 B CN107388239 B CN 107388239B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
- F23C3/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion
- F23C3/008—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion for pulverulent fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/28—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from combustion residues, e.g. ashes or slags from waste incineration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K3/02—Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q13/00—Igniters not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/99004—Combustion process using petroleum coke or any other fuel with a very low content in volatile matters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
- F23K2203/20—Feeding/conveying devices
- F23K2203/201—Feeding/conveying devices using pneumatic means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive utilization system and method for low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash. The invention creatively overcomes the problem that the superfine coal ash is difficult to carry out secondary combustion, the superfine coal ash is ignited and combusted by adopting air boiling combustion of an ignition material as an ignition source, and the superfine coal ash is fully combusted by controlling a combustion chamber and various combustion parameters, thereby realizing the secondary utilization of the superfine coal ash; meanwhile, the ultrafine coal ash residue can be used as a high-quality raw material of high-grade cement, so that the ultrafine coal ash residue is prevented from being randomly piled, polluting air and water sources and causing harm to the environment. The method has the advantages of simple, reasonable and feasible process, cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, low requirement on equipment, no need of large-scale expensive equipment, easy large-scale industrial production and high commercial popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuels, and particularly relates to a comprehensive utilization system and method for low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash.
Background
Coal carbonization and coal pyrolysis are one of the important processes in coal chemical industry, and refer to the process that coal is heated under the condition of air isolation, organic matters in the coal are gradually decomposed along with the rise of temperature, and products such as coke (or semi-coke), coal tar, crude benzene, coal gas and the like are generated; according to the difference of the final heating temperature, the method can be divided into three types: performing high-temperature dry distillation at 900-1100 ℃, namely coking; medium-temperature dry distillation at 700-900 ℃; and performing low-temperature dry distillation at 500-600 ℃. Wherein, the production of coal gas usually adopts a high-temperature dry distillation mode, and coal is converted into coal gas under a high-temperature oxygen-deficient state.
In the process, coal is burnt under high temperature and oxygen deficiency to generate a large amount of low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash, which belongs to a byproduct in the production process of coal chemical industry (coal gasification), and has low calorific value, fine particle size (generally less than or equal to 50 mu m) and light specific gravity. If a large amount of superfine coal ash is not treated, raised dust can be generated to pollute the atmosphere; if discharged into a water system, the river may be fouled, and toxic chemicals contained therein may cause harm to human bodies and organisms. Therefore, the problem of handling and utilizing ultra-fine coal ash is attracting much attention. However, there has been no effective method for sufficiently utilizing the ultra fine coal ash.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the inventor provides a comprehensive utilization system and a comprehensive utilization method of low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash through long-term technical and practical exploration.
Specifically, the invention relates to the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a comprehensive utilization system of low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash, which comprises a combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler and a dust remover which are connected in sequence; the combustion chamber fully combusts the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash, and high-temperature flue gas and ultrafine coal ash residues generated by combustion enter the waste heat boiler for heat recovery; the dust remover collects and treats the ultrafine coal ash residue after heat recovery;
preferably, the combustion chamber comprises a lower combustion chamber part and an upper combustion chamber part, and the longitudinal length ratio of the lower combustion chamber part to the upper combustion chamber part is 1:1.5-5 (preferably 1: 2.5);
the ratio of the transverse length of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the transverse length of the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1:1.5-3 (preferably 1: 2).
A comprehensive utilization method of low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a pilot material to the lower part of the combustion chamber for ignition and combustion to form a high-temperature flame zone, and inputting low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash when the temperature is controlled to be 700-980 ℃;
(2) the flame and high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the ignition material at the lower part of the combustion chamber ignite the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash and drive the combusted low-calorific-value fine ash to enter the upper part of the combustion chamber; the volume of the upper part of the combustion chamber is enlarged, and a high-temperature flue gas heat insulation expansion area is formed;
(3) the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash continuously and fully burns at the upper part of the combustion chamber and spirally rises, and simultaneously releases the heat of the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash so as to ensure the continuous and stable heat load of a high-temperature area; and controlling the residence time of the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash on the upper part of the combustion chamber to be 5-6 s.
Preferably, the particle size of the superfine coal ash is less than or equal to 2mm, more preferably, the particle size of the superfine coal ash is less than or equal to 50 μm, the carbon-containing low-level calorific value is 1500-;
preferably, the pyrophoric material includes, but is not limited to, coal, natural gas, coke oven gas, biomass material; further preferably, the ignition material is coal; the coal has stable combustion property, is convenient to add and is beneficial to temperature control;
preferably, the mass ratio of the coal to the superfine coal ash is 1: 0.5-5; further preferably, the mass ratio of the coal to the ultrafine coal ash is 1: 2; the inventor finds that under the condition of the mass ratio, the ultrafine coal ash can maintain stable combustion, and the residual carbon content of the ultrafine coal ash after combustion is low;
preferably, the specific method for inputting the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash is to use natural air or oxygen-enriched air to inject the ultrafine coal ash into the combustion chamber;
preferably, the longitudinal length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1:1.5-5 (preferably 1: 2.5);
preferably, the transverse length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1:1.5-3 (preferably 1: 2);
the volume of the upper part of the combustion chamber is enlarged, so that the heat volume of the hot flue gas is enlarged, and the upper space is required to be filled with hot air flow, so that the rising speed of the superfine coal ash is reduced, the retention time of the superfine coal ash in the combustion chamber is prolonged, and the superfine coal ash is combusted more fully;
preferably, the comprehensive utilization method of the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash further comprises the following steps:
the burnt superfine coal ash enters a waste heat boiler along with high-temperature flue gas for heat recovery to generate steam with different pressure and temperature grades, such as high-temperature high-pressure steam, sub-high-temperature sub-high-pressure steam, medium-temperature medium-pressure steam and low-pressure steam, so that power generation or comprehensive utilization of the steam is realized; after the heat is recovered, the treatment temperature of the flue gas is reduced, and the heat in the flue gas can be recycled;
furthermore, the burnt superfine coal ash enters a waste heat boiler along with high-temperature flue gas to recover heat and then enters a dust remover to remove dust; the collected superfine coal ash residue can be used as a high-grade cement raw material; and the residual flue gas is discharged after reaching the standard after being desulfurized and denitrated.
Preferably, the invention provides a comprehensive utilization method of low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding coal to the lower part of the combustion chamber for ignition combustion, and spraying low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash into the lower part of the combustion chamber by using natural air when the temperature is controlled to be 700-980 ℃; the mass ratio of the coal to the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash is 1: 2;
(2) the flame and high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the ignition material at the lower part of the combustion chamber ignite the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash and drive the combusted low-calorific-value fine ash to enter the upper part of the combustion chamber; the longitudinal length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1: 2.5; the transverse length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1: 2;
(3) the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash continuously and fully burns at the upper part of the combustion chamber and spirally rises, and simultaneously releases the heat of the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash so as to ensure the continuous and stable heat load of a high-temperature area; controlling the residence time of the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash on the upper part of the combustion chamber to be 5-6 s;
(4) the burnt-out superfine coal ash enters a waste heat boiler along with high-temperature flue gas for heat recovery, then enters a dust remover for dust removal, and the collected superfine coal ash is used as a high-grade cement raw material; and the residual flue gas is discharged after reaching the standard after being desulfurized and denitrated.
The principle of the invention is as follows: because the low-heat value superfine coal ash has low heat value, fine granularity (generally less than or equal to 50 mu m) and light specific gravity, and is combusted once in an oxygen-deficient environment at high temperature (1300 ℃), the volatile matter is almost zero, the secondary combustion difficulty is high, if the blended coal is added into the hearth of the existing boiler for combustion, the blended coal is instantly taken away along with flue gas, and the combustion rate is less than 50%; and air combustion alone cannot be performed at all because the calorific value is too low. Based on the technical scheme, the invention takes air boiling combustion of ignition materials such as coal and the like as an ignition source to ignite and burn the ultra-fine coal ash; the superfine coal ash continuously burns and enters the upper part of the combustion chamber along with high-temperature flue gas, the volume of the upper part of the combustion chamber is expanded, so that the rising speed of the superfine coal ash is reduced, meanwhile, the inventor finds that the superfine coal ash can fully burn (the burning time is delayed due to too low temperature, and the rising speed is accelerated due to rapid charring heat released from the surface of the superfine coal ash when the temperature is too high and is not beneficial to complete burnout) after burning for 5-6s at 650-750 ℃, on the one hand, the ignition temperature is improved by controlling the volume ratio of the upper part and the lower part of the combustion chamber and the mass ratio of the superfine coal ash and coal, so that the ignition temperature is increased, the superfine coal ash is ignited and burnt, and meanwhile, because the transverse length and the longitudinal length of the upper part of the combustion chamber are both longer than those of the lower part of the combustion chamber, when the high-temperature flue gas, thereby prolonging the combustion time of the superfine coal ash and ensuring more complete combustion; in addition, on the one hand, the disturbance to the high-temperature flue gas is beneficial to increasing the scouring strength of the high-temperature flue gas to the ultrafine coal ash particles, thereby further improving the burnout rate of the ultrafine coal ash. Then the burnt-out ultrafine coal ash enters a waste heat boiler along with high-temperature flue gas for heat recovery, then the ultrafine coal ash enters a dust remover for dust removal after being cooled to below 150 ℃ along with the flue gas, and the collected ultrafine coal ash residue can be used as a high-grade cement raw material; the residual flue gas is discharged after being desulfurized and denitrated to reach the standard, thereby really realizing the comprehensive utilization of the superfine coal ash.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention creatively overcomes the problem that the superfine coal ash is difficult to carry out secondary combustion, the superfine coal ash is ignited and combusted by adopting air boiling combustion of an ignition material as an ignition source, and the superfine coal ash is fully combusted by controlling a combustion chamber and various combustion parameters, thereby realizing the secondary utilization of the superfine coal ash; meanwhile, the ultrafine coal ash residue can be used as a high-quality raw material of high-grade cement, so that the ultrafine coal ash residue is prevented from being randomly piled, polluting air and water sources and causing harm to the environment.
The method has the advantages of simple, reasonable and feasible process, cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, low requirement on equipment, no need of large-scale expensive equipment, easy large-scale industrial production and high commercial popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the comprehensive utilization method of low calorific value ultra-fine coal ash of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As described in the background art, no effective method for comprehensive utilization of ultra-fine coal ash exists so far;
in view of this, in one embodiment of the present invention, a comprehensive utilization system for low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash is disclosed, which comprises a combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler and a dust remover connected in sequence; the combustion chamber fully combusts the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash, and high-temperature flue gas and ultrafine coal ash residues generated by combustion enter the waste heat boiler for heat recovery; the dust remover collects and treats the ultrafine coal ash residue after heat recovery;
wherein the combustion chamber comprises a lower combustion chamber part and an upper combustion chamber part, and the longitudinal length ratio of the lower combustion chamber part to the upper combustion chamber part is 1:1.5-5 (preferably 1: 2.5);
the ratio of the transverse length of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the transverse length of the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1:1.5-3 (preferably 1: 2).
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for comprehensively utilizing low calorific value ultrafine coal ash is disclosed, comprising:
(1) adding a priming material to the lower part of the combustion chamber for ignition and combustion, and inputting low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash when controlling the temperature to be 700-980 ℃;
(2) the flame and high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the ignition material at the lower part of the combustion chamber ignite the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash and drive the combusted low-calorific-value fine ash to enter the upper part of the combustion chamber; the upper volume of the combustion chamber is enlarged;
(3) the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash continuously and fully burns at the upper part of the combustion chamber and spirally rises, and simultaneously releases the heat of the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash so as to ensure the continuous and stable heat load of a high-temperature area; and controlling the residence time of the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash on the upper part of the combustion chamber to be 5-6 s.
Preferably, the particle size of the superfine coal ash is less than or equal to 2mm, more preferably, the particle size of the superfine coal ash is less than or equal to 50 μm, the carbon-containing low-level calorific value is 1500-;
the pyrophoric material includes but is not limited to coal, natural gas, coke oven gas, biomass material; further preferably, the ignition material is coal; the coal has stable combustion property, is convenient to add and is beneficial to temperature control;
the mass ratio of the coal to the superfine coal ash is 1: 0.5-5; further preferably, the mass ratio of the coal to the ultrafine coal ash is 1: 2; the inventor finds that under the condition of the mass ratio, the ultrafine coal ash can maintain stable combustion, and the residual carbon content of the ultrafine coal ash after combustion is low;
the specific method for inputting the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash is to spray the ultrafine coal ash into a combustion chamber by using natural air or oxygen-enriched air;
the longitudinal length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1:1.5-5 (preferably 1: 2.5);
the transverse length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1:1.5-3 (preferably 1: 2);
the volume of the upper part of the combustion chamber is enlarged, so that the heat volume of the hot flue gas is enlarged, and the upper space is required to be filled with hot air flow, so that the rising speed of the superfine coal ash is reduced, the retention time of the superfine coal ash in the combustion chamber is prolonged, and the superfine coal ash is combusted more fully;
in another embodiment of the present invention, a method for comprehensively utilizing low calorific value ultrafine coal ash is disclosed, which further comprises:
the burnt superfine coal ash enters a waste heat boiler along with high-temperature flue gas for heat recovery; generating steam with different grades of pressure and temperature, such as high-temperature high-pressure steam, sub-high-temperature sub-high-pressure steam, medium-temperature medium-pressure steam and low-pressure steam, so as to be used for power generation or comprehensive utilization of the steam; after the heat is recovered, the treatment temperature of the flue gas is reduced, and the heat in the flue gas can be recycled;
the burnt superfine coal ash enters a waste heat boiler along with high-temperature flue gas for heat recovery and then enters a dust remover for dust removal; the collected superfine coal ash residue can be used as a high-grade cement raw material; and the residual flue gas is discharged after reaching the standard after being desulfurized and denitrated.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for comprehensively utilizing low calorific value ultrafine coal ash is disclosed, comprising:
(1) adding coal to the lower part of the combustion chamber for ignition combustion, and spraying low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash into the lower part of the combustion chamber by using natural air when the temperature is controlled to be 700-980 ℃; the mass ratio of the coal to the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash is 1: 2;
(2) the flame and high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the ignition material at the lower part of the combustion chamber ignite the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash and drive the combusted low-calorific-value fine ash to enter the upper part of the combustion chamber; the longitudinal length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1: 2.5; the transverse length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1: 2;
(3) the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash continuously and fully burns at the upper part of the combustion chamber and spirally rises, and simultaneously releases the heat of the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash so as to ensure the continuous and stable heat load of a high-temperature area; controlling the residence time of the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash on the upper part of the combustion chamber to be 5-6 s;
(4) the burnt-out superfine coal ash enters a waste heat boiler along with high-temperature flue gas for heat recovery, and then enters a recoverer for dust removal, and the collected superfine coal ash is used as a high-grade cement raw material; and the residual flue gas is discharged after reaching the standard after being desulfurized and denitrated.
The following examples further illustrate the comprehensive utilization of the low calorific value ultra fine coal ash of the present invention, but do not limit the scope of the present invention. Wherein, the particle size of the ultra-fine coal ash adopted in the examples and the comparative examples is less than or equal to 50 μm, the carbon-containing low-level calorific value is 1500-2200kcal/kg (dry basis), and the water content is less than or equal to 1%.
Example 1
A small amount of coal is combusted at the lower part of a combustion chamber to form an adiabatic hearth high-temperature flame region serving as a combustion source, the temperature is controlled to be 700 ℃, low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash is directly sprayed into the high-temperature flame region by using natural air (650 ℃), the volume of the upper part of the combustion chamber is expanded immediately, the ultrafine coal ash stays in the high-temperature flue gas adiabatic expansion region for 5-6s, the ultrafine coal ash is fully combusted, the heat of the ultrafine coal ash is released simultaneously, and the continuous stability of the heat load of the high-temperature region is ensured.
And then, high-temperature flue gas enters a waste heat boiler for heat recovery, the fully combusted ultrafine coal ash falls to a temperature below 150 ℃ along with the flue gas and then enters a cloth bag for dust removal, the recovered ultrafine coal ash is sent to a cement plant to be made into high-grade cement, and the flue gas is subjected to desulfurization and denitration and then is discharged after reaching the standard.
Wherein the mass ratio of the coal to the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash is 1: 2;
the longitudinal length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1: 2.5; the transverse length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1:2.
Example 2
A small amount of coal is combusted at the lower part of a combustion chamber to form an adiabatic hearth high-temperature flame region serving as a combustion source, the temperature is controlled to be 800 ℃, low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash is directly sprayed into the high-temperature flame region (700 ℃) by using oxygen-enriched air, the volume of the upper part of the combustion chamber is expanded immediately, the ultrafine coal ash stays in the high-temperature flue gas adiabatic expansion region for 5-6s, the ultrafine coal ash is fully combusted, the heat of the ultrafine coal ash is released simultaneously, and the continuous stability of the heat load of the high-temperature region is ensured.
And then, high-temperature flue gas enters a waste heat boiler for heat recovery, the fully combusted ultrafine coal ash falls to a temperature below 150 ℃ along with the flue gas and then enters a cloth bag for dust removal, the recovered ultrafine coal ash is sent to a cement plant to be made into high-grade cement, and the flue gas is subjected to desulfurization and denitration and then is discharged after reaching the standard.
Wherein the mass ratio of the coal to the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash is 1: 1;
the longitudinal length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1: 3; the transverse length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1:2.
Example 3
Burning a small amount of coal at the lower part of the combustion chamber to form an adiabatic hearth high-temperature flame area as a ignition source, and controlling the temperature to be 980 ℃; the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash is directly sprayed into a high-temperature flame zone (750 ℃) of a hearth by using natural air, the volume of the upper part of the combustion chamber is expanded immediately, the ultrafine coal ash stays in the high-temperature flue gas heat insulation expansion zone for 5s, the ultrafine coal ash is fully combusted, the heat of the ultrafine coal ash is released, and the continuous and stable heat load of the high-temperature zone is ensured.
And then, high-temperature flue gas enters a waste heat boiler for heat recovery, the fully combusted ultrafine coal ash falls to a temperature below 150 ℃ along with the flue gas and then enters a cloth bag for dust removal, the recovered ultrafine coal ash is sent to a cement plant to be made into high-grade cement, and the flue gas is subjected to desulfurization and denitration and then is discharged after reaching the standard.
Wherein the mass ratio of the coal to the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash is 1: 5;
the longitudinal length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1: 1.5; the transverse length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1: 3.
Comparative example 1
The process differs from example 1 in that the ignition source temperature is controlled to 600 ℃.
Comparative example 2
The method is the same as the example 1, and is characterized in that the mass ratio of the coal to the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash is 1: 8.
Comparative example 3
The process is the same as in example 1 except that the ratio of the longitudinal length and the transverse length of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber are both 1:1.
The table below shows the ultrafine coal ash burnout rates of the examples and the comparative examples, and it can be seen from the table that the ultrafine coal ash burnout rate of the example 1 is the highest and reaches 95.23%, compared with the example 1, the burnout rates of the comparative examples 1 to 3 are respectively reduced by 32.35%, 28.12% and 46.51%, and the significant difference is achieved.
Ultra fine coal ash burnout rate (ω/%) for each example and comparative example
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (3)
1. The comprehensive utilization method of the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding a priming material to the lower part of the combustion chamber for ignition and combustion, and inputting low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash when controlling the temperature to be 700-980 ℃;
(2) the flame and high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the ignition material at the lower part of the combustion chamber ignite the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash and drive the combusted low-calorific-value fine ash to enter the upper part of the combustion chamber; the upper volume of the combustion chamber is enlarged;
(3) the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash continuously and fully burns at the upper part of the combustion chamber and spirally rises, and simultaneously releases the heat of the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash so as to ensure the continuous and stable heat load of a high-temperature area; controlling the residence time of the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash on the upper part of the combustion chamber to be 5-6 s;
the particle size of the superfine coal ash is less than or equal to 50 mu m, the carbon-containing low-level calorific value is 1500-2200kcal/kg, the calorific value is calculated by dry basis, and the water content is less than or equal to 1 percent;
the ignition material is coal;
the mass ratio of the coal to the superfine coal ash is 1: 0.5-5;
the specific method for inputting the low-calorific-value ultrafine coal ash is to spray ultrafine powder into a combustion chamber by using natural air or oxygen-enriched air;
the longitudinal length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1: 1.5-5;
the transverse length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1: 1.5-3;
the burnt superfine coal ash enters a waste heat boiler along with high-temperature flue gas for heat recovery, and then enters a dust remover for dust removal; collecting the superfine coal ash residue as a high-grade cement raw material; the residual flue gas is discharged after being desulfurized and reaches the standard, and steam with different pressure and temperature grades is generated, so that power generation or comprehensive utilization of the steam is realized.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the coal to the ultra-fine coal ash is 1:2.
3. the method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the longitudinal length of the lower portion of the combustion chamber to the longitudinal length of the upper portion of the combustion chamber is 1: 2.5;
the transverse length ratio of the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part of the combustion chamber is 1:2.
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| JP3019811B2 (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 2000-03-13 | 千代田エンジニアリング株式会社 | Exhaust gas treatment equipment |
| CN100458338C (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-02-04 | 崔晓星 | Flyash ceramisite sintered open-hearth furnace |
| CN102506420B (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2013-10-09 | 重庆大学 | Coal ash fluidized bed combustion decarburization device |
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| CN204704811U (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-10-14 | 山东宏浩节能技术有限公司 | A kind of flying ash circulating combustion device possessing desulfurizing function |
| CN105753344B (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-09-07 | 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | By the device and method that garbage flying ash disposition is cement raw material |
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