CN1073874C - 灰尘过滤袋 - Google Patents

灰尘过滤袋 Download PDF

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CN1073874C
CN1073874C CN98115565A CN98115565A CN1073874C CN 1073874 C CN1073874 C CN 1073874C CN 98115565 A CN98115565 A CN 98115565A CN 98115565 A CN98115565 A CN 98115565A CN 1073874 C CN1073874 C CN 1073874C
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filter bag
dust filter
fibrage
papery layer
dust
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CN1208666A (zh
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乌尔里希·弗罗伊登贝格
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Freudenberg SAS
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/10—Filters; Dust separators; Dust removal; Automatic exchange of filters
    • A47L9/14—Bags or the like; Rigid filtering receptacles; Attachment of, or closures for, bags or receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
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    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/559—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving the fibres being within layered webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/60—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0618—Non-woven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0663—The layers being joined by hydro-entangling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D—SEPARATION
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S15/00—Brushing, scrubbing, and general cleaning
    • Y10S15/08—Dust bags and separators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Filters For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种由一种与纸质层(2)层压在一起的纤维层制成的灰尘过滤袋，其中纤维层(4，5)由聚合物纤维制成，并放在纸质层(2)的洁净空气一侧。

Description

灰尘过滤袋
本发明涉及一种由一种与纸质层层压在一起的纤维层制成的灰尘过滤袋。对这种过滤袋提出各种各样的要求。其目的在于：得到高的过滤作用，也就是高的(灰尘)捕集率。为此过滤孔必须足够小。但同时灰尘过滤袋的过滤孔不允许堵塞，从而使例如吸尘器得到高的抽吸或吹风效率，并且避免在达到一定灰尘储量以前由于堵塞而更换灰尘过滤袋。
其次，灰尘过滤袋必须具有足够的机械强度，以便在安装时或在装满状态下不致于撕破或开裂。对于通过多次折叠工序制造过滤袋也要求它有相应的强度。
由EP0635297A1已知由一种多孔无纺织物和过滤纸制成的灰尘过滤袋，它制成双层的灰尘过滤袋。可以采用一种熔喷法(Meltblown)细纤维无纺布作为无纺织物，它覆盖灰尘过滤袋的内侧并加强灰尘过滤袋。但加增效果不能令人满意。
由EP0388479B1已知另一种灰尘过滤袋。那里介绍的灰尘过滤袋由一层过滤纸一外层和一层处在内部的无纺织物组成。无纺织物做成细纤维无纺织物，它同样装在入流侧。这里细纤维无纺织物的细纤维可以在热塑性状态下直接铺放在过滤纸上并与它相连。
细纤维无纺织物可以和一种同样由无纺织物制成的支承单元相连接。
从EP-A0060677公开了一种复合物-过滤介质，它由一个内侧的纸制过滤层和一个外侧的由合成纤维制成的支承层制成。
另外，从文件US5647881还已知一种灰尘过滤袋，它由多个层组成，所述的各层分别为；
a)一个例如由纸制成的外支承层；
b)至少一个由被充电的纤维制成的层，和
c)一个内渗滤层，它除了其边缘外不和过滤层相连，并且它具有至少50m3/min/m2的空气流通率，一个至少为0.1kg/cm的抗撕裂强度，以及它由带有一个至少为10μm的有效的长丝直径的纤维制成。
较早的专利申请WO97/30772，对于同样指定的国家ES,FR,GB和IT属于现有技术，公开了一个多层的过滤袋，它由一个细纤维无纺布层(A)和一个层(B)组成，此层由一个为了承受机械应力而稳定的塑料-不规则纤维结构形成，并且一个纸制层(C)在待过滤气体侧安置在该层的前面。
已知灰尘过滤袋的缺点在于：当吸入水或其他与待清洁的空气一起吸入的液体时过滤纸外层会软化并损害其强度，由此在吸尘或取出灰尘过滤袋时担心会撕裂并污染周围环境。对于极细微颗粒的过滤效果也不太令人满意。
通过使纤维层由合成聚合物纤维组成并将它装在纸质层的洁净空气一侧，使得不再造成会损坏灰尘过滤袋的纸质层的强度损失。即使在灰尘过滤袋内部的纸质层破裂时通过位于外部的纤维层自然避免灰尘颗粒从灰尘过滤袋内部逸出。纤维可以静电充电，以便达到对于极细尘粒的过滤作用的改善。
作为装在洁净空气一侧的由聚合物纤维制成的纤维层的补充在必要情况下可以在含尘空气一侧设置一层附加的由合成聚合物纤维制成的另一层纤维层，促使特定性能的进一步改善。但是由此使灰尘过滤袋变得昂贵。因此在本发明的范围内优先采用这样的结构，它只在洁净空气一侧设置由合成聚合物纤维制成的纤维层。
纤维层可以由一种具有最起码固有强度的无纺织物制成，以便确保，即使在纸质层完全破碎时灰尘过滤袋仍然足够牢固并保持过滤效果。因此在这种情况下也可以卫生地丢弃至少部分装有灰尘的灰尘过滤袋。无纺织物可以通过组成它的纤维和/或长丝的相互粘接和/或交结增强它的耐湿能力，在必要情况下会有熔化的聚合物区，并通过这个区额外地加强并与纸质层连接。这里实际证明，如果聚合物窗口状地熔化有好处。由此得到强化区，它赋予无纺织物更高的强度，特别是如果聚合物区构成或做成细条纹形(balkenfoermig)的话。
聚合物区可以这样分布以形成蜂窝状或网纹图案的容尘腔。过滤纸由于它的固结剂对于在灰尘过滤袋在规定的应用条件下作用在它上面的气压显得刚硬和不易弯曲，而洁净空气一侧蜂窝或网纹图案的中间区内的纤维层产生弹性变形，这导致产生容尘腔，极细微的灰尘可以积聚在它里面。因此特别是对于过敏原(Allergenen)的沉积这种结构被证明是优秀的。
聚合物区至少可以部分渗透进纸质层，在它里面它起着对纤维结构附加的和韧性的强化作用。由此使纸固结剂的脆性结构得到有利的改变。通过聚合物区肯定改善纸质层的耐湿性能和抗断强度(Weiterreissfestigkeit)。
另一方面尽管有吸水的可能性仍有益地使用纸质层来形成折缝。也就是说由于纸质层才使灰尘过滤袋与由聚合物制成的纯粹纤维层不同而具有可折叠性。可折叠性可以通过边缘区域内熔化聚合物的更致密的图形而得到改善。
构成聚合物区的细线条不必做成聚在一起的，而是可以相互错开，也就是说互不接触地排列。
在另一种具体结构中灰尘过滤袋做成这样。纤维层至少包含两个分层。如果分层能够满足不同的功能，那么便特别有利。
特别地背向灰尘过滤袋纸质层的分层可以由一种纺粘型非织造织物组成。通常这种纺粘型非织造织物具有很高的耐磨性。如果灰尘过滤袋在制造、安装或工作过程中与粗糙表面相接触，那么这是很重要的。
其次至少可以具有一个与纸质层邻接的分层，它由细纤维制成。在这个可以由熔喷法无纺布制成的层内特别对于极细的尘粒达到更好的过滤性能，由此拓宽灰尘过滤袋的应用范围。
如果当整个纤维层总的面密度为5至50克/平方米时由细纤维组成的纤维层面密度为5至40克/平方米(ISO536)，那末灰尘过滤袋在具有足够机械强度的条件下达到特别良好的清洁效果。
纸质层适合于具有20至100克/平方米的面密度(ISO536)。
当压差为200Pa时使用的产品的空气流通量为100至300升/平方米·秒(DIN53887)。
在附图中表示本发明的一个实施例。其中表示：
图1通过三层灰尘过滤袋的横截面。
图2由纤维层构成的带有熔化的聚合物区的灰尘过滤袋外侧面的顶视图。
图3图2中三层灰尘过滤袋在熔化聚合物区的区域内的剖面图，
图4是带有多个折缝的灰尘过滤袋。
图1中表示按本发明的灰尘过滤袋。它由一个朝向含尘空气一侧或吸气一侧1的纸质层2组成。
朝向洁净空气一侧3的是由聚合物材料制成纤维层，它由一种由热塑性纤维组成的纺粘型非织造织物4构成。
在纸质层2和纺粘型非织造织物4之间有由聚合物材料制成的另一纤维层，它由由热塑性纤维组成的熔喷法无纺织物5制成。
纸质层2和熔喷法无纺织物5基本上松散地相互叠放，使得存在一个中间空腔6。纺粘型非织造织物4同样也松散地放在熔喷法无纺织物5上，由此在部分区域形成中间空腔7。
为了提高纺粘型非织造织物4的强度，它可以通过相隔一定距离处的点焊来加强，由此存在表面结构8。
图2中表示灰尘过滤袋洁净空气一侧的表面。可以看到熔化的聚合物区9，它以细线条10的形式存在。细线条10相互错开分布，互不接触。它们可以相互编排成任意一种图案，例如构成网纹或蜂窝形图案。这里各个空腔通过横向连接做得相互连通是合适的，以便最佳地利用可供使用的整个过滤表面，并避免在个别空腔内出现压力峰值。为了这个目的细线条结构也可以通过各个焊接区的顺序排列构成，它们相互之间离开一定的距离。
因此细线条10成为容尘腔11、11＇的边界，由于聚合物区9或细线条10互不相连的结构容尘腔11、11＇相互连接并相互贯通。
因为容尘腔11互不封闭，可以进行从一个容尘腔11向一个相邻的容尘腔11＇的物质交换，例如在一个腔的气孔出现堵塞以后，而相邻的空腔的孔还可供使用的话。
从这个观点出发，为了提高强度同时允许容尘腔相互划清界限，细线条或其他聚合物区可以考虑完全不同形式的布局。
图3表示在聚合物区9或细线条10区域内的剖视图。聚合物区9可以通过超声波压制产生。纺粘型非织造织物4和熔喷法无纺织物5的热塑性材料在预先规定的位置处使之熔化，并在高压下与纸质层2相结合。纸的种类无关紧要，只要存在足够的过滤性能就行。
这里纺粘型非织造织物4和熔喷法无纺织物5的熔化的热塑性材料至少部分挤入纸质层2。在聚合物区9内由于压制处理不再含有纺粘型非织造织物4和熔喷法无纺织物5的性能，特别是在这个区域内不再具有过滤性能，或者只有很低的过滤性能。
在聚合物区9之间由中间空腔6构成容尘腔11，它容纳极细微的尘粒，倘使它没有直接贮藏在纸或者熔喷法无纺织物5之内的话。具有较高强度值、因此较差过滤作用的纺粘型非织造织物4用来保护易于磨损的熔喷法无纺织物6。它的主要任务是防止熔喷法无纺布5的磨损，并给灰尘过滤袋12在避免对过滤作用产生显著的影响的条件下特别是在受潮时赋予显著改善的抗断强度。特别是避免灰尘过滤袋12的纸质层2的撕裂和它的过滤作用的完全丧失。甚至当按规定地使用时受潮以后可以使纸质层2重新干燥，而对过滤作用不产生值得一提的影响。
图4中表示带有许多折缝13的三层灰尘过滤袋12。纸质层2、纺粘型非织造织物4和熔喷法无纺布5相互不结合，而是由平面材料通过共同折叠制成灰尘过滤袋12。
纸质层2、纺粘型非织造织物4和熔喷法无纺布5通过聚合物区9相互连接。如果由朝向含尘空气一侧的纸质层2围成的内腔有液体进入并造成纸质层2变软，那么纺粘型非织造织物4会将灰尘过滤袋12可靠地固着住。
原则上如果过滤性能和强度特性足够的话，纺粘型非织造织物4和熔喷法无纺织物5可以用由聚合物纤维制成的单独的无纺织物代替。

Claims (16)

1．由一种与纸质层(2)层压在一起的纤维层制成的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于：纤维层(4,5)由合成的、聚合物纤维制成，并放在纸质层(2)的洁净空气一侧(3)，并且所述的纤维层(4,5)具有熔化的聚合物区(9)，并通过聚合物区(9)附加地加强并和纸质层(2)相连接。
2．按权利要求1的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于：聚合物区(9)做成窗口状。
3．按权利要求1或2的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于：聚合物区(9)构成或分布成细线条形。
4．按权利要求1至3之任一项的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于：聚合物区(9)分布得形成蜂窝或网纹型的容尘腔(11)。
5．按权利要求1至4之任一项的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于：聚合物区(9)至少部分渗透进纸质层(2)。
6．按权利要求1至5之任一项的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于：纸质层(2)的抗湿性和/或抗断强度通过聚合物区(9)得到改善。
7．按权利要求1-6之一的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于纤维静电充电。
8．按权利要求1或7之一的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于：纤维层(4,5)由一种至少有一定固有强度的无纺织物制成。
9．按权利要求1至8之任一项的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于：无纺织物通过构成它的纤维和/或长丝的相互粘接和/或交织得到加强。
10．按权利要求1至9之任一项的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于；纤维层(4,5)至少包含两个分层。
11．按权利要求10的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于，背向纸质层(2)的分层(4)由一种纺粘型非织造织物制成。
12．按权利要求10或11的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于：至少存在一层与纸质层(2)邻接的分层(5)，它由细纤维制成。
13．按权利要求12的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于：由细纤维组成的分层(5)面密度为5至40克/平方米。
14．按权利要求1至13之任一项的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于：纤维层(4,5)总的面密度为5至50克/平方米。
15．按权利要求1至14之任一项的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于：纸质层的面密度为20至100克/平方米。
16．按权利要求1至15之任一项的灰尘过滤袋，其特征在于：灰尘过滤袋做成吸尘袋(1)。
CN98115565A 1997-07-24 1998-07-01 灰尘过滤袋 Expired - Fee Related CN1073874C (zh)

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