CN107384318B - Application of inorganic nano material in dust suppression - Google Patents
Application of inorganic nano material in dust suppression Download PDFInfo
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- CN107384318B CN107384318B CN201710769714.2A CN201710769714A CN107384318B CN 107384318 B CN107384318 B CN 107384318B CN 201710769714 A CN201710769714 A CN 201710769714A CN 107384318 B CN107384318 B CN 107384318B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an application of an inorganic nano material in dust suppression. The inorganic nano material is at least one of nano silicon dioxide, nano copper oxide and graphene oxide. In the application, the inorganic nano material is mixed with a solvent to obtain an inorganic nano material solution, and then the inorganic nano material solution is sprayed on the surface of dust. The inventor researches and discovers that the inorganic nano material used as the dust suppressant has good dust fixing effect. The method of the invention can well cover the dust surface, fill the dust gap, bond dust particles and improve the wind erosion resistance of dust, thereby achieving the purpose of dust removal. The dust suppressant disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of no toxicity, no corrosion, environmental friendliness and the like, can be widely applied to the field of dust suppression, and cannot cause secondary pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an application method of using an inorganic nano material as a dust suppressant, belonging to the field of environment and dust control.
Background
Dust is one of main pollutants of the atmosphere and main inducement of the formation of urban haze, the long-term contact of high-concentration dust can increase the sick probability of pneumoconiosis, particularly, the pollution problem of certain poisonous and harmful dust is more serious, chemical dust suppression is one of dust control technical means, the dust suppression agent is rapidly developed and widely applied in the fields of industrial production, building construction and the like, a large number of various chemical materials are widely used for developing dust suppression agents, particularly, a surfactant is most prominently applied, the development of dust suppression agents of types such as cations, anions, amphiprotic, nonionic, high polymers and the like is widely developed at present, and chemical dust suppression agent series with different dust suppression action mechanisms (wettability, hygroscopicity, adhesion type and composite type) are formed. The Chinese patent document with the publication number of CN105907373A discloses a magnetic dust suppressant for dust of iron ore and the like, which contains 0.3-3 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.3-3.5 parts by weight of guar gum, 0.6-4 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.3-1.5 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.3-5 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethyl starch and 3-5 parts by weight of magnetic nanoparticles relative to 1 part by weight of polyacrylamide. For another example, chinese patent publication No. CN106010452A discloses a method for preparing an environment-friendly degradable dust suppressant, which is prepared from camellia seed meal, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, sodium bicarbonate, yeast powder, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium silicate, and the like by a certain preparation process to obtain a degradable adhesive dust suppressant.
However, the chemical nature of the materials of the conventional chemical dust suppressants itself poses a potential environmental safety risk problem for the application of chemical dust suppressants in large quantities. In the field of dust suppression, there is a need in the art for a dust suppressant approach that is less environmentally burdensome.
Some attempts have been made by those skilled in the art to reduce the environmental impact of the treatment process, but have focused primarily on solid surface contamination prevention and treatment, e.g., the addition of certain nanomaterials to coating materials to impart self-cleaning properties to the materials. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN102618219A discloses a nano dust-proof pretreating agent, which is prepared by mixing hydrophilic TiO2 solution as a base material and a C60 nano material as an additive; the hydrophilic TiO2 solution comprises the specific components of a mixed solution of butyl titanate and glacial acetic acid in an absolute ethyl alcohol solution, and the volume ratio of the components is 1: 1. The technical method mainly utilizes the oxidation catalysis effect of TiO2 on organic matters under the irradiation of ultraviolet light to reduce the dust adhesion and catalytic oxidation denaturation of the organic matters, so that the adhesion is reduced; the C60 spherical nano-particles can form a micro-nano structure on the surface, have certain hydrophobic performance, and the formed nano-structure layer is not beneficial to dust surface adhesion and has certain dustproof effect.
The existing inorganic nano material is mainly applied to be added into dustproof coating, and a dust suppression method which directly covers the surface of dust to prevent the dust from flying and is environment-friendly is not involved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the application of the inorganic nano material in dust suppression, which is a brand new dust suppression idea.
An application of inorganic nano material in dust suppression.
The inventor researches and discovers that the inorganic nano material used as the dust suppressant has good dust fixing effect.
Preferably, the inorganic nano material is at least one of nano silicon dioxide, nano copper oxide and graphene oxide.
Researches show that the dust suppression effect of the three types of nano materials is more excellent.
Further preferably, the inorganic nano material is graphene oxide. The effect of the oxidized graphene is superior to that of nano silicon dioxide and nano copper oxide in dust suppression.
According to the invention, the flaky structure and the micro-nano scale effect of graphene are utilized to fill micro cracks on the surface of dust, and a stable structure is formed by nano adsorption, so that the dust is not suitable for flying; then, a layer of film-shaped covering can be formed on the surface of the dust through the sheet graphene, the dust raising effect of wind erosion is resisted, and the wind prevention effect is achieved; and the nano particles have special physical, chemical and adsorption characteristics, enhance the adsorption performance to water molecules, have a certain water retention effect, are favorable for playing the function of wetting dust by water, and improve and prolong the effect of water sprinkling and dust prevention.
Preferably, the graphene oxide has a sheet structure.
Preferably, the graphene oxide has a single-layer rate of more than 98%, a thickness of 0.6-1 nm and a lamella diameter of 0.5-5 μm. The dust suppression performance of the graphene oxide under the preferred parameters is better.
The application of the invention is that the inorganic nano material is mixed with the solvent to obtain the inorganic nano material solution, and then the inorganic nano material solution is sprayed on the surface of the dust.
Preferably, the solvent is water or a solvent-water mixed solvent which is infinitely miscible with water.
More preferably, the solvent is water.
In the invention, inorganic nano materials are directly dispersed in water to obtain nano material solution; the nanomaterial solution is then sprayed onto the dust surface.
The method of the invention can be directly dispersed by water without the aid of organic binders which are commonly used in the prior art.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the inorganic nanomaterial in the inorganic nanomaterial solution is greater than or equal to 1%.
In order to further reduce the treatment cost, the inorganic nano material solution preferably contains 1 to 3 mass percent of the inorganic nano material. Under the preferable mass percentage, the treatment cost is low, and the treatment effect is good.
The method of the invention can be theoretically suitable for treating any dust pollution environment.
Further preferably, in the inorganic nano-material solution, the mass percent of the inorganic nano-material is 1-2%; most preferably 1.5 to 2%.
Preferably, the method is particularly suitable for dust suppression in sites such as open mines, building construction, port and pier material storage yards, traffic road construction and the like.
Preferably, the particle size of the dust is 0.5 to 100. mu.m.
Preferably, the inorganic nano material is graphene oxide, the graphene oxide is dispersed in water to prepare a graphene oxide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1-3%, and then the graphene oxide aqueous solution is sprayed on the surface of dust to carry out dust curing treatment.
Further preferably, in the application of the invention, the graphene oxide aqueous solution with the concentration of 1.5% is used as a dust suppressant and sprayed on the surface of dust to carry out dust solidification treatment.
The invention researches the dust suppression action mechanism and characteristics of various different types of nano-particle solutions through experiments, breaks through the selection range of conventional chemical dust suppressant materials, selects nano-silicon dioxide, nano-copper oxide and nano-graphene oxide solutions to carry out comparative research, develops a novel graphene oxide dust suppressant, has higher viscosity, lower surface tension and micro-nano specific scale effect, can obviously improve the water retention property of dust and enhance the bonding effect among dust particles after being sprayed with the dust suppressant, and forms a graphene film covering on the dust surface to obviously improve the anti-weathering property of the dust surface.
The invention relates to a dust suppressant based on a nanoparticle solution, which is an application of a non-traditional chemical reagent dust suppression material. The invention selects industrialized nano-scale materials as dust suppressant, which comprises nano silicon dioxide, nano copper oxide and graphene oxide. The nano dust suppression solution has high viscosity, low surface tension and micro-nano scale effect. The mass concentration of the solution is within a proper range of 1.0-3.0%. And when the mass concentration of the graphene oxide is 1.5%, the comprehensive dust suppression performance is optimal. The film structure formed by the sheet graphene oxide has the effect of covering the surface of a dust sample.
Compared with an aqueous solution (blank control), the nano-particle solution has good thermal conductivity, stability and heat exchange characteristics, and the special micro-nano scale effect under the micro-nano scale enables the basic physical and chemical characteristics of the nano-particle solution to be obviously changed, conforms to the basic characteristics of a chemical dust suppression mechanism and has good dust suppression effect.
Has the advantages that:
1) the nano-scale particles can enhance the viscosity of the aqueous solution and prevent a large amount of water molecules in the solution from evaporating, and have certain water retention property and evaporation resistance, and the experimental result shows that the performance of the nano-scale particles is that graphene oxide is larger than SiO2＞CuO。
2) The basic rule of dust suppression performance of the nano solution is obtained, generally speaking, the higher the viscosity value and the smaller the surface tension of the nano solution are, the better the anti-weathering performance effect is, the experimental result shows that the performance of the nano solution is that the graphene oxide is larger than SiO2> CuO, of which 1.5% of graphene oxide has the best resistance to weathering.
3) The nanometer solution has good micro-nano scale effect, particularly for micron-sized dust particles, a covering layer can be formed on the surface of dust, gaps among the dust particles can be filled, the dust particles can be bonded and fixed through the micro-nano effect, and the nanometer solution has good wind erosion resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the results of the wind erosion resistance test of the nano-solution dust suppressant of comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 9 under the wind speed condition of 3.5 m/s;
FIG. 2 shows the results of the wind erosion resistance test of the nano-solution dust suppressant of comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 9 under the wind speed condition of 4.5 m/s;
FIG. 3 shows the results of the wind erosion resistance test of the nano-solution dust suppressant of comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 9 under the wind speed condition of 5.5 m/s;
FIG. 4 is a surface microscopic analysis chart of the weathering resistance of the surface of the dust suppression test dust sample of example 8 (1.5% graphene oxide);
FIG. 5 shows example 6 (2.0% SiO)2) A surface microscopic analysis chart of the wind erosion resistance of the surface of the dust suppression test dust sample;
FIG. 6 is a microscopic surface analysis of the surface resistance to weathering for the dust suppression test dust sample of example 2 (1.5% CuO);
FIG. 7 is a surface microscopic analysis chart of the wind erosion resistance of the surface of the dust suppression test dust sample of comparative example 1 (water).
Detailed Description
The method is realized through a technical experiment scheme, and multiple dust suppression performances of the nanoparticle solution are subjected to multi-index comparative analysis by adopting common evaluation indexes (evaporation rate, moisture absorption rate and wind erosion resistance) of chemical dust suppression performances.
The particle size of the adopted nano-silicon dioxide and nano-copper oxide nano-particles is 40nm (Shanghai Mikun chemical industry).
The graphene oxide adopts a nanometer solution (Suzhou carbonox) with the particle size of less than 100 nm.
Preparing a dust suppressant: nanometer silicon dioxide, copper oxide and graphene oxide are selected, and water is used as a control sample. Reasonably preparing dust suppression solution with mass concentration of 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%, and fully dispersing and suspending the nanoparticles in the solution by adopting a stirrer and an ultrasonic oscillator.
Respectively as follows:
comparative example 1: blank, the solution used for dust suppression was water.
Examples 1 to 3 are nano CuO dust suppression solutions; the concentration is 1.0-2.0%.
In example 1, a 1.0% strength nano-CuO solution was used as the dust suppressing solution.
Example 2, a 1.5% strength nano-CuO solution was used as the dust suppressing solution.
Example 3, a 2% strength nano-CuO solution was used as the dust suppressing solution.
Examples 4 to 6Is nano SiO2A dust suppression solution; the concentration is 1.0-2.0%.
Wherein, in example 4, 1.0% nano SiO was used2The solution is used as dust suppression solution.
Example 5 use of 1.5% Nano SiO2The solution is used as dust suppression solution.
Example 6 use of 2% strength nanosilica2The solution is used as dust suppression solution.
Examples 7 to 9 are graphene oxide dust suppression solutions; the concentration is 1.0-2.0%.
In example 7, a graphene oxide solution with a concentration of 1.0% was used as the dust suppressing solution.
Example 8, a graphene oxide solution with a concentration of 1.5% was used as the dust suppressing solution.
Example 9, a graphene oxide solution with a concentration of 2% was used as the dust suppressing solution.
Preparation of a test dust sample: 10g of screened and dried loess dust is selected as an indoor test dust sample, the indoor test dust sample is uniformly spread on a clean surface dish (d is 80mm), the thickness of the dust sample is about 3mm, the volume of the nano solution used in each test is 6ml, and the nano solution is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the test dust sample.
Viscosity and surface tension: the nano dust suppression solution was measured using a solution viscometer and a surface tension meter, and the data obtained are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 basic parameter table of nano solution
Note: surface tension test environment: the temperature is 17.0 +/-2 ℃, and the humidity is 86.0 +/-2%; viscosity test environment: the temperature is 18.0 +/-2 ℃, and the humidity is 88.0 +/-2%
Evaporation resistance test: testing by adopting a constant-temperature constant-humidity drying oven, setting the testing temperatures to be 40 ℃, 50 ℃ and 60 ℃, continuously drying, measuring the mass change of the test sample every 30min until the mass is unchanged, wherein the calculation formula of the evaporation rate is as follows:
η1＝(ωi-ωi+1)/ω0×100％
(1)
in the formula η1The evaporation rate of the sample, g.m-2.h-1；ω0The sample mass before testing, g. Omegai-mass of the test sample of the ith time, g.
Moisture absorption test: and (3) placing the dried test sample in an indoor natural environment condition to perform a moisture absorption contrast experiment, continuously testing, and measuring the mass change of the test sample every 30 min. The calculation formula of the moisture absorption rate is as follows:
η2＝(ωi+1-ωi)/ω0×100％
(2)
in the formula η2-test sample moisture absorption, g; omega0-dry test sample mass, g, before testing; omegai-mass of the test sample of the ith time, g.
Weather resistance test: respectively placing the test samples in stable flow fields with different wind speeds (3.5/4.5/5.5m/s) for wind erosion resistance test, continuously testing, testing the mass change of the test samples every 10min, wherein the calculation formula of the wind erosion rate is as follows:
η3＝(ωi-ωi+1)/ω0×100％
(3)
in the formula η3-test sample wind erosion rate,%; omega0-the dried mass of the test specimen, g; omegai-test sample mass after the i-th weathering, g.
In fig. 1, 2 and 3, the numbers of the abscissa are: 1 is water (blank); 2 is 1.0% CuO (example 1); 3 is 1.5% CuO (example 2); 4 is 2.0% CuO (example 3); 5 is 1.0% SiO2(example 4); 6 is 1.5% SiO2(example 5); 7 is 2.0% SiO2(example 6); 8 is 1.0% graphene oxide (example 7); 9 is 1.5% graphene oxide (example 8); 10 is 2.0% graphene oxide (example 9).
As can be seen from the attached FIG. 1, the weather resistance of the nano solution is better than that of pure water at a wind speed of 3.5m/s, wherein the performance of 1.5% graphene oxide is the best (18.9 times of that of water).
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the weather resistance of the nano solution is improved significantly compared to pure water at a wind speed of 4.5m/s, and at this wind speed, the performance of 1.5% graphene oxide is the best (44.62 times that of water).
As can be seen from fig. 3, the weather resistance of the nano solution is significantly improved compared to pure water at a wind speed of 5.5m/s, wherein the graphene oxide with a concentration of 1.5% has the best performance (254.43 times that of water).
As can be seen from fig. 4, the graphene oxide solution can form an oily thin film layer on the surface of the dust, thereby performing a covering function; continuous filling is formed in the dust microcracks, and the function of consolidating dust particles is exerted.
As can be seen from fig. 5, the silica nanoparticle solution can form a dense thin coating layer on the surface of the dust, thereby enhancing the interaction between dust particles, filling micro cracks on the surface of the dust, and achieving the purpose of suppressing the dust particles from flying.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the copper oxide nanoparticles with low mass concentration are distributed on the surface of the dust in a particulate form, and fill and cover the surface of the dust, so that the copper oxide nanoparticles have a certain dust suppression effect.
As can be seen from FIG. 7, the dust after the action of the aqueous solution is still loosely distributed, the gaps among the dust particles after the evaporation of water are still not improved and reinforced, and the dust suppression effect is not obvious.
Example 10
Small-sized industrial amplification of open-air storage yard for dust removed from blast furnace
An implementation site: an open storage yard for blast furnace dust removal ash of a certain steel plant;
nano solution: the preparation method comprises the steps of selecting a nanoscale flaky graphene oxide (the same as the graphene oxide in example 7) solution as a base material, preparing a nano solution dust suppressant according to the mass concentration of 1.5%, uniformly spraying the nano solution on the surface of a dust pile of an open dust storage yard through a spraying device, and naturally drying the dust pile to form a graphene film-shaped covering on the surface of the dust, so that the dust suppressant has a good anti-weathering effect.
Claims (7)
1. The application of an inorganic nano material in dust suppression; the method is characterized in that inorganic nano-material is mixed with solvent to obtain inorganic nano-material solution, and then the inorganic nano-material solution is sprayed on the surface of dust;
the inorganic nano material is at least one of nano silicon dioxide, nano copper oxide and graphene oxide;
the solvent is water;
in the inorganic nano material solution, the mass percentage of the inorganic nano material is 1-3%.
2. The use of the inorganic nanomaterial of claim 1 in dust suppression, wherein the inorganic nanomaterial is graphene oxide.
3. The use of the inorganic nanomaterial in dust suppression according to claim 2, wherein the graphene oxide is a sheet-like structure.
4. The use of the inorganic nanomaterial in dust suppression according to claim 3, wherein the graphene oxide has a monolayer rate of >98%, a thickness of 0.6-1 nm, and a lamella diameter of 0.5-5 μm.
5. The use of the inorganic nanomaterial in dust suppression according to claim 1, wherein the mass percent of the inorganic nanomaterial in the inorganic nanomaterial solution is 1.5-2%.
6. The use of the inorganic nanomaterial in dust suppression according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the particle size of the dust is 0.5 μm to 100 μm.
7. The use of the inorganic nanomaterial of claim 1 for dust suppression in surface mines, construction, port and pier stockyard, and traffic construction site.
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| CN111484830B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2022-11-25 | 成都大学 | Environment-friendly high-permeability coal dust suppressant and preparation method thereof |
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