CN107384318A - A kind of application of inorganic nano material in dust dust suppression - Google Patents

A kind of application of inorganic nano material in dust dust suppression Download PDF

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CN107384318A
CN107384318A CN201710769714.2A CN201710769714A CN107384318A CN 107384318 A CN107384318 A CN 107384318A CN 201710769714 A CN201710769714 A CN 201710769714A CN 107384318 A CN107384318 A CN 107384318A
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dust
inorganic nano
nano material
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CN107384318B (en
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李明
白倩倩
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Central South University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of application of inorganic nano material in dust dust suppression.Described inorganic nano material is at least one of nano silicon, nano cupric oxide, graphene oxide.In described application, described inorganic nano material and solvent are mixed, inorganic nano material solution is obtained, then by the inorganic nano material spray solution on dust surface.The present inventor, which studies, to be found, inorganic nano material is used as into dust dust suppressant, has the solid dirt effect of good dust.Method of the present invention, dust surface, filling dust gap can be covered very well, dust granules is bonded, dust wind erosion-resistance performance is improved, so as to reach the purpose of dedusting.Dust suppressant of the present invention has the characteristics that nontoxic, the corrosion-free, feature of environmental protection, can be widely applied to dust suppression field, will not cause secondary pollution.

Description

A kind of application of inorganic nano material in dust dust suppression
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of application process by the use of inorganic nano material as dust dust suppressant, belong to environment and dust Control field.
Background technology
Dust is the major pollutants of air, and one of main inducing for being formed of city haze, Long Term Contact high concentration Dust can increase pneumoconiosis illness probability, particularly it is some it is poisonous, harmful dust pollution problem is more serious, chemical dust suppression is as one One of kind of dust prevention and control technological means, is developed rapidly and extensive use in fields such as industrial production, construction, a large amount of each Class chemical material is widely used in dust suppressant exploitation, wherein it is especially the most prominent with surfactant application, carry out extensively at present The dust suppressant exploitation of the types such as cation, anion, both sexes, nonionic, macromolecule, and formed the different dust suppression mechanisms of action The chemical dust suppressant series of (wettability, hygroscopicity, binding type and compound).It is public wherein for the dust of the types such as iron ore The number of opening is that CN105907373A Chinese patent literature discloses a kind of magnetic dust suppressant, the dust suppressant contain polyacrylamide, Polyvinyl alcohol, guar gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, lauryl sodium sulfate, sodium carboxymethyl starch and magnetic nanoparticle, and phase For the polyacrylamide of 1 parts by weight, the content of polyvinyl alcohol is 0.3-3 parts by weight, and the content of guar gum is 0.3-3.5 weight Part, the content of sodium carboxymethylcellulose is 0.6-4 parts by weight, and the content of lauryl sodium sulfate is 0.3-1.5 parts by weight, carboxylic first The content of base sodium starch is 1.3-5 parts by weight, and the content of magnetic nanoparticle is 3-5 parts by weight.For another example, Publication No. CN106010452A a kind of preparation method of environmentally friendly degradable dust suppressant of Chinese patent literature, by camellia seed meal, hydrogen The materials such as sodium oxide molybdena, sodium cellulose glycolate, sodium acid carbonate, dusty yeast, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium metasilicate, pass through certain preparation work Skill can obtain a kind of degradable cohesive dust depressor.
However, caused by the chemical property of material of traditional chemical dust suppressant itself, chemical dust suppressant extensive application exists potential Environmental Risk problem.In dust dust suppression field, this area needs a kind of to the less dust suppression agent method of carrying capacity of environment.
To reduce influence of the processing procedure to environment, those skilled in the art have also been made some trials, but be concentrated mainly on Surface of solids pollutant prevents and processing aspect, for example, adding some nano materials in coating material, assigns the self-cleaning of material Net work energy.Chinese patent literature such as Publication No. CN102618219A discloses a kind of Nanometer dustproof pretreating agent, with hydrophilic Property TiO2 solution is as base-material, and as additive, both are mixed with forms C60 nano materials;The hydrophily TiO2 solution Specific composition be butyl titanate, glacial acetic acid with the mixed solution of ethanol solution, component volume ratio is 1: 1: 1.The skill Art method mainly using TiO2 under ultraviolet light to the oxidation catalysis effect of organic matter, mitigate the dust adhesion of organic species It is denatured with catalysis oxidation, it is reduced adhesion;C60 spherical nanoparticles can form micro-nano structure on surface, hate with certain Water-based energy, the nanoscale structures layer of formation are unfavorable for dust surface attachment, have certain dust-proof effect.
Existing inorganic nano material is mainly used in added in dirt resistance coatings, is not directed to one kind and is directly overlayed dust Surface, reaching prevents that dust from waving and environment-friendly dust dust-suppression method.
The content of the invention
To solve technical problem existing for prior art, the invention provides a kind of inorganic nano material in dust dust suppression Application, be a kind of brand-new dust dust suppression thinking.
A kind of application of inorganic nano material in dust dust suppression.
The present inventor, which studies, to be found, inorganic nano material is used as into dust dust suppressant, has the solid dirt effect of good dust.
Preferably, described inorganic nano material be nano silicon, nano cupric oxide, in graphene oxide extremely Few one kind.
Research shows, more excellent using the nano material of the three types, its dust anti-dust effect.
Further preferably find, described inorganic nano material is graphene oxide.Using the stone after oxidation processes Black alkene effect in terms of dust dust suppression is better than nano silicon and nano cupric oxide.
In the present invention, the laminated structure and micro/nano-scale effect of graphene, filling dust surface microfissure, by receiving are utilized Rice produces suction-operated, forms rock-steady structure, it is waved;Moreover by flake graphite alkene, can be in dust table Face forms one layer of film, resists the airborne dust effect of wind erosion, plays the effect of fixed windproof;Secondly nanoparticles have Special physics and chemistry and characterization of adsorption, strengthens the absorption property to hydrone, has certain water retention, is advantageous to play water pair The moistening function of dust, improve and extend the effect of watering dust prevention.
Preferably, graphene oxide uses laminated structure.
Further preferably, the individual layer rate > 98% of described graphene oxide, 0.6~1nm of thickness, lamella diameter 0.5~5 μm.The dust suppression performance of graphene oxide under the preferred parameter is more excellent.
Application of the present invention, described inorganic nano material and solvent are mixed, obtain inorganic nano material solution, with Afterwards by the inorganic nano material spray solution on dust surface.
Preferably, described solvent is water, or it is infinitely than miscible solvent-water mixed solvent with water.
Further preferably, described solvent is water.
In the present invention, directly inorganic nano material is dispersed in water, obtains nanomaterial solution;Then by the nano material Spray solution is on dust surface.
The inventive method, without aiding in such as the general addition organic binder bond of prior art, directly adopt it is water-dispersible i.e. Can.
Preferably, in inorganic nano material solution, the mass percent of inorganic nano material is more than or equal to 1%.
In order to further reduce processing cost, preferably, in inorganic nano material solution, the quality of inorganic nano material Percentage is 1~3%.Under the preferable mass percent, processing cost is low, and high treating effect.
The inventive method, the processing of any dust polluting environment is applicable in theory.
Further preferably, in inorganic nano material solution, the mass percent of inorganic nano material is 1~2%;Most preferably For 1.5~2%.
Preferably, the inventive method is particularly suitable for surface mine, construction, port and pier material stockyard, traffic road The dust suppression in the places such as road construction.
Preferably, the particle diameter of described dust is 0.5 μm~100 μm.
Preferably, described inorganic nano material is graphene oxide, graphene oxide is dispersed in water, with obtained To the graphene oxide water solution that mass concentration is 1~3%, the graphene oxide water solution is then sprayed at dust surface, Carry out dust curing process.
Further preferably, in application of the present invention, it is 1.5% graphene oxide water solution as powder to use concentration Dirt dust suppressant, dust surface is sprayed at, carries out dust curing process.
The experimental study of the present invention dust suppression mechanism of action and characteristic of a variety of different types of nanoparticles solutions, is breached Conventional chemical dust suppressant material selection range, has selected nanometer grade silica, nanosized copper oxide and nanoscale stone Black alkene solution has carried out comparative study, develops a kind of dust suppressant of new graphene oxide, and the dust suppressant has higher Viscosity, relatively low surface tension and micro-nano distinctive scale effect, spray the guarantor that dust can be obviously improved after the dust suppressant The water-based cementation that can, strengthen between dust granules, dust suppressant form covering graphene film layer on dust surface, significantly improved The wind erosion-resistance performance on dust surface.
Present invention application, is a kind of dust suppressant based on nanoparticles solution, is non-traditional chemical reagent class dust-suppressing material Application.The present invention is from industrialized nanometer materials as dust suppressant, including nano silicon, nano cupric oxide, oxygen Graphite alkene.Viscosity higher possessed by the nanometer dust suppression solution, compared with low surface tension and micro-nano-scale effect.It is described The suitable section of mass concentration of solution is in 1.0%-3.0%.Dust suppression is integrated when the graphene oxide mass concentration is 1.5% Can be optimal.The film layer structure that sheet graphene oxide is formed acts on the covering of dirt sample surface.
In the present invention, nano-scale particle solution will be used for the aqueous solution (blank control), have good thermal conductivity, Stability and heat exchange characteristics, specific micro-nano-scale effect under its micro-nano-scale, make the basic of nanoparticles solution Physicochemical characteristics significantly changes, and meets the essential characteristic of the chemical dust suppression mechanism of action, and there is good dust suppression to act on.
Beneficial effect:
1) nano-scale particle can strengthen the viscosity of the aqueous solution, prevent the hydrone in solution from largely evaporating, and show as having Certain water-retaining property and anti-evaporating performance, test result indicates that its performance is followed successively by graphene oxide > SiO2> CuO.
2) basic law of nano-solution dust suppression performance is obtained, it is however generally that the viscosity number of nano-solution is higher, surface Tension force is smaller, and its wind erosion-resistance performance effect is better, test result indicates that its performance is followed successively by graphene oxide > SiO2> CuO, The resisting wind erosion of wherein 1.5% graphene oxide is best.
3) nano-solution has good micro-nano-scale effectiveness, can be for micron order dust granules Dust surface forms coating, the intergranular gap of filling dust, by micro-nano effect, bonds and fixed dust granules, tool There is good wind erosion-resistance performance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the wind erosion-resistance performance of comparative example 1, the nano-solution dust suppressant of embodiment 1~9 under 3.5m/s wind friction velocities Test result;
Fig. 2 is the wind erosion-resistance performance of comparative example 1, the nano-solution dust suppressant of embodiment 1~9 under 4.5m/s wind friction velocities Test result;
Fig. 3 is the wind erosion-resistance performance of comparative example 1, the nano-solution dust suppressant of embodiment 1~9 under 5.5m/s wind friction velocities Test result;
Fig. 4 is that the weather-proof surface microanalysis figure in dirt sample surface is tested in embodiment 8 (1.5% graphene oxide) dust suppression;
Fig. 5 is the (2.0%SiO of embodiment 62) the weather-proof surface microanalysis figure in dust suppression test dirt sample surface;
Fig. 6 is that the weather-proof surface microanalysis figure in dirt sample surface is tested in embodiment 2 (1.5%CuO) dust suppression;
Fig. 7 is that the weather-proof surface microanalysis figure in dirt sample surface is tested in comparative example 1 (water) dust suppression.
Embodiment
The present invention is realized by technology experiment scheme, using evaluation index (evaporation rate, the suction of common chemical dust suppression performance Wet rate, weather-proof rate) multi objective comparative analysis has been carried out to multiple dust suppression performances of nanoparticles solution.
The nano silicon and the particle diameter of the nano particle of nano cupric oxide used is 40nm (Shanghai steps female chemical industry).
Graphene oxide is less than 100nm nano-solution using particle diameter (Suzhou carbon is rich).
It is prepared by dust suppressant:From nanometer grade silica, cupric oxide and graphene oxide, water is control sample.Reasonable preparation Mass concentration is 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% dust suppression solution, using mixer and ultrasonic oscillator to the nanometer in solution Particle carries out fully dispersed with suspending.
Respectively:
Comparative example 1:Blank control, the solution for dust suppression are water.
Embodiment 1~3 is nanometer CuO dust suppression solution;Concentration is 1.0%~2.0%.
Wherein, embodiment 1, it is 1.0% nanometer CuO solution as dust suppression solution to use concentration.
Embodiment 2, it is 1.5% nanometer CuO solution as dust suppression solution to use concentration.
Embodiment 3, it is 2% nanometer CuO solution as dust suppression solution to use concentration.
Embodiment 4~6 is Nano-meter SiO_22Dust suppression solution;Concentration is 1.0%~2.0%.
Wherein, embodiment 4, concentration is used as 1.0% Nano-meter SiO_22Solution is as dust suppression solution.
Embodiment 5, concentration is used as 1.5% Nano-meter SiO_22Solution is as dust suppression solution.
Embodiment 6, concentration is used as 2% Nano-meter SiO_22Solution is as dust suppression solution.
Embodiment 7~9 is graphene oxide dust suppression solution;Concentration is 1.0%~2.0%.
Wherein, embodiment 7, it is 1.0% graphene oxide solution as dust suppression solution to use concentration.
Embodiment 8, it is 1.5% graphene oxide solution as dust suppression solution to use concentration.
Embodiment 9, it is 2% graphene oxide solution as dust suppression solution to use concentration.
Dirt sample is tested to prepare:From screened and dried 10g loess dirt as indoor test dirt sample, uniformly it is layered on and washes On net surface plate (d=80mm), dirt sample thickness about 3mm, nano-solution volume used in test is 6ml every time, is uniformly sprayed at Test dirt sample surface.
Viscosity and surface tension:Nanometer dust suppression solution is measured using solution viscosity meter and surface tension instrument, institute Obtain data and be shown in Table 1.
The nano-solution basic parameter table of table 1
Note:Surface tension test environment:17.0 ± 2 DEG C of temperature, humidity 86.0 ± 2%;Viscosity test environment:Temperature 18.0 ± 2 DEG C, humidity 88.0 ± 2%
Anti-evaporating is tested:To be tested using constant temperature and humidity drying case, setting test temperature is respectively 40 DEG C, 50 DEG C, 60 DEG C, It is continuous drying, measure the mass change of a test specimens, untill mass conservation, the calculation formula of evaporation rate every 30min It is as follows:
η1=(ωii+1)/ω0× 100%
(1)
In formula:η1The evaporation rate of-test specimens, g.m-2.h-1;ω0Sample mass before-test, g.ωi- ith test specimens Quality, g.
Hygroscopicity is tested:It will pass through under dried test specimens natural environmental condition disposed within and carry out moisture absorption contrast in fact Test, follow-on test, the mass change of a test specimens is measured every 30min.The calculation formula of hydroscopicity is as follows:
η2=(ωi+1i)/ω0× 100%
(2)
In formula:η2- test specimens hydroscopicity, g;ω0Test specimens quality, g are dried before-test;ωiThe matter of-ith test specimens Amount, g.
Resisting wind erosion is tested:Test specimens are respectively placed in the steady flow condition of different wind speed (3.5/4.5/5.5m/s) and carried out Wind erosion-resistance performance is tested, follow-on test, tests the mass change of a test specimens every 10min, the calculation formula of wind erosion rate is such as Under:
η3=(ωii+1)/ω0× 100%
(3)
In formula:η3- test specimens wind erosion rate, %;ω0Quality after-test specimens are dried, g;ωiTest specimens after the wind erosion of-ith Quality, g.
In Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the numbering of abscissa is respectively:1 is water (blank control);2 be 1.0%CuO (embodiments 1);3 be 1.5%CuO (embodiment 2);4 be 2.0%CuO (embodiment 3);5 be 1.0%SiO2(embodiment 4);6 be 1.5% SiO2(embodiment 5);7 be 2.0%SiO2(embodiment 6);8 be 1.0% graphene oxide (embodiment 7);9 be 1.5% oxidation stone Black alkene (embodiment 8);10 be 2.0% graphene oxide (embodiment 9).
It would know that by accompanying drawing 1, when wind speed is 3.5m/s, the wind erosion-resistance performance of nano-solution is better than pure water, wherein 1.5% The performance of graphene oxide is preferably (18.9 times of water).
It would know that by accompanying drawing 2, when wind speed is 4.5m/s, the wind erosion-resistance performance of nano-solution is obvious compared with pure water lifting, Under this wind speed, 1.5% graphene oxide performance is preferably (44.62 times of water).
It would know that by Fig. 3, when wind speed is 5.5m/s, the wind erosion-resistance performance of nano-solution significantly improves compared with pure water, wherein 1.5% graphene oxide performance is preferably (254.43 times of water).
It would know that by Fig. 4, graphene oxide solution can form oily film layer on dust surface, play covering effect;Powder Continuous charges are formed in dirt microfissure, play the effect of consolidation dust granules.
It would know that by Fig. 5, silica nanometer solution can form the covering thin layer of densification on dust surface, enhance grit Between interaction, be filled with dust surface microfissure, reach and suppress the purpose flown upward of grit.
Would know that by Fig. 6, the copper oxide nanometer particle of low quality concentration is presented the distribution of shot shape on dust surface, filling and Dust surface is covered, there is certain dust suppression to act on.
It would know that by Fig. 7, the dust after aqueous solution effect is still distributed in fluffy, after moisture evaporation between dust granules Gap is not still improved and reinforced, dust suppression effect unobvious.
Embodiment 10
The back yard industry of blast furnace dedusting ash open storage ground is amplified
Implement place:Certain steel mill blast furnace dedusting ash open-air depots;
Nano-solution:From nano-grade graphene oxide (with the graphene oxide of embodiment 7) solution as base-material, Nano-solution dust suppressant is prepared according to the proportioning of mass concentration 1.5%, is uniformly sprayed above-mentioned nano-solution by flusher On the dust pile surface of dedusting ash open storage ground, after natural air drying, nano-solution forms a layer graphene in dedusting gray surface Film, there is good weather-proof effect.

Claims (10)

  1. A kind of 1. application of inorganic nano material in dust dust suppression.
  2. 2. application of the inorganic nano material as claimed in claim 1 in dust dust suppression, it is characterised in that described inorganic to receive Rice material is at least one of nano silicon, nano cupric oxide, graphene oxide.
  3. 3. application of the inorganic nano material as claimed in claim 1 in dust dust suppression, it is characterised in that described inorganic to receive Rice material is graphene oxide.
  4. 4. application of the inorganic nano material as claimed in claim 3 in dust dust suppression, it is characterised in that graphene oxide is Laminated structure,
    Preferably, the individual layer rate > 98% of graphene oxide, 0.6~1nm of thickness, 0.5~5 μm of lamella diameter.
  5. 5. application of the inorganic nano material in dust dust suppression as described in any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that will Described inorganic nano material and solvent mixing, obtain inorganic nano material solution, then by the inorganic nano material spray solution On dust surface.
  6. 6. application of the inorganic nano material as claimed in claim 5 in dust dust suppression, it is characterised in that described solvent is Water, or be infinitely than miscible solvent-water mixed solvent with water.
  7. 7. application of the inorganic nano material in dust dust suppression as described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that inorganic nano In material solution, the mass percent of inorganic nano material is more than or equal to 1%.
  8. 8. application of the inorganic nano material as claimed in claim 7 in dust dust suppression, it is characterised in that inorganic nano material In solution, the mass percent of inorganic nano material is 1~3%;Preferably 1.5~2%.
  9. 9. application of the inorganic nano material in dust dust suppression as described in any one of claim 1~8, it is characterised in that institute The particle diameter for the dust stated is 0.5 μm~100 μm.
  10. 10. application of the inorganic nano material as claimed in claim 1 in dust dust suppression, it is characterised in that for opencut Mountain, construction, the dust suppression in port and pier material stockyard, traffic route construction site.
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Cited By (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109233745A (en) * 2018-09-28 2019-01-18 何治伟 A kind of preparation method of coal dust depressor
CN110173766A (en) * 2018-08-22 2019-08-27 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 Heat exchanger and air conditioner
CN110330942A (en) * 2019-07-19 2019-10-15 陕西科技大学 A kind of nanometer of totally biodegradable liquid cover film and its application method
CN110836015A (en) * 2019-12-05 2020-02-25 江苏柏威建设有限公司 Method for reducing raise dust in garden gallery frame pouring
CN110983900A (en) * 2019-11-25 2020-04-10 江苏柏威建设有限公司 Method for reducing raised dust in outdoor terrace reconstruction
CN111484830A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-08-04 成都大学 Environment-friendly high-permeability coal dust suppressant and preparation method thereof
CN112940680A (en) * 2021-03-27 2021-06-11 兰州天际环境保护有限公司 Pavement dust suppressant
CN113694827A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-11-26 新希望六和股份有限公司 Equidistant particle cutting method of centrifugal particle forming machine for feed production

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CN101805590A (en) * 2010-02-03 2010-08-18 北京信大虹影科技有限公司 Novel coal dust suppressant with nuclear membrane structure and preparation method thereof
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110173766A (en) * 2018-08-22 2019-08-27 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 Heat exchanger and air conditioner
CN109233745A (en) * 2018-09-28 2019-01-18 何治伟 A kind of preparation method of coal dust depressor
CN110330942A (en) * 2019-07-19 2019-10-15 陕西科技大学 A kind of nanometer of totally biodegradable liquid cover film and its application method
CN110983900A (en) * 2019-11-25 2020-04-10 江苏柏威建设有限公司 Method for reducing raised dust in outdoor terrace reconstruction
CN110836015A (en) * 2019-12-05 2020-02-25 江苏柏威建设有限公司 Method for reducing raise dust in garden gallery frame pouring
CN111484830A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-08-04 成都大学 Environment-friendly high-permeability coal dust suppressant and preparation method thereof
CN111484830B (en) * 2020-05-29 2022-11-25 成都大学 Environment-friendly high-permeability coal dust suppressant and preparation method thereof
CN112940680A (en) * 2021-03-27 2021-06-11 兰州天际环境保护有限公司 Pavement dust suppressant
CN113694827A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-11-26 新希望六和股份有限公司 Equidistant particle cutting method of centrifugal particle forming machine for feed production

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