CN107373166A - 一种育成期肉鸭抗热应激饲料 - Google Patents
一种育成期肉鸭抗热应激饲料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107373166A CN107373166A CN201710566840.8A CN201710566840A CN107373166A CN 107373166 A CN107373166 A CN 107373166A CN 201710566840 A CN201710566840 A CN 201710566840A CN 107373166 A CN107373166 A CN 107373166A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- finishing period
- meat duck
- heat stress
- methionine
- period meat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种育成期肉鸭抗热应激饲料,它由玉米、豆粕、次粉、大豆油、磷酸氢钙、石粉、食盐、L‑赖氨酸盐酸盐、蛋氨酸、复合多维、复合矿物质、植酸酶、氯化胆碱、抗氧化剂、麦饭石等成分组成,属于饲料领域。本发明能减轻育成期肉鸭热应激引起的肠道损伤,促进夏季高温下育成期肉鸭的肠道发育。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料领域,具体涉及一种育成期肉鸭抗热应激饲料。
背景技术
热暴露影响全世界的家禽生产,对福利和生产有重大影响。我国地处亚热带和温带,南方半年以上气温相对偏高,北方夏季5-9月温度也高于北京鸭的适宜生长温度。当动物机体产生的热量超过动物将热量散发到其周围环境的能力时,动物将会发生热应激。热应激是动物对不适温度环境的一种适应性反应,是保护自身的一种非特异性反应。在生产实践中热应激的危害随着气候变暖会越发严重,肉鸭由于散热系统差和不耐热,热应激问题尤为突出。而肠道健康又与生产效益密切相关,大量的研究已经表明热应激损伤肠道健康。
而蛋氨酸作为家禽第一限制性氨基酸,其营养作用非常重要,研究表明在肠道稳态的维持以及肠道增殖分化方面具有至关重要的作用(Martin-Venegas et al 2006),高水平的含硫氨基酸可以改善肠形态(Nikoofard et al 2016)。DL-蛋氨酸和蛋氨酸羟基类似物是市场上两种蛋氨酸替代品。根据文献总结蛋氨酸促进肠道发育可能的原因是:1)添加L-蛋氨酸(L-Met)会增加猪空肠紧密连接蛋白丰度和降低凋亡途径关键酶caspase-3的活性(Chen et al 2014);2)还有可能蛋氨酸直接参与生长因子的表达:研究表明蛋氨酸缺乏会抑制肝脏IGF-1的表达(Wang et al 2016),并且添加蛋氨酸对于维持热应激下肌肉合适的IGF-1、GHR转录水平是必要的,存在促生长作用(Del Vesco et al 2015),因此蛋氨酸可能通过调节肠道IGF-1、GHR的表达来促进肠道的增殖分化;3)除此之外,在仔猪上研究还发现添加蛋氨酸羟基类似物(HMTBA)可以上调胃中GLP-2R基因的表达(方正锋2008),而GLP-2R也在肠道生长和发育方面具有重要作用(Guan et al 2003)。研究发现在基础日粮中添加适量的蛋氨酸有利于提高半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸的回肠表观消化率(Jamroz et al2009),这一报道可能从侧面表明蛋氨酸促进了肠道的发育,原因是增强了肠道的吸收能力。相比于HMTBA,肠道代谢利用DL-蛋氨酸(DLM)的能力更强一些(Fang et al 2010),可能更有利于肠道的健康发育。综上所述,我们猜测在日粮中添加高水平的蛋氨酸可能会缓解热应激对肠道的损伤作用,且DLM效果更好。此外,蛋氨酸的代谢产物谷胱甘肽具有抗氧化的功能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种育成期肉鸭的抗热应激配合饲料配方,该饲料能减缓夏季高温环境下育成期肉鸭热应激的危害,促进肠道健康发育。
本发明提供的饲料由以下重量配比的原料组成:
优选地,所述原料的重量配比是:
进一步优选地,所述蛋氨酸为DL-蛋氨酸。
进一步优选地,所述的复合多维,按1kg饲料计算,含有下列成分:维生素A,5,000-15,000IU;维生素D3,1,000-4,000IU;维生素E,10-40IU;维生素K3,1-3mg;硫胺素,1-3mg;核黄素,3-7.5mg;吡哆醇,1-5mg;维生素B12,0.01-0.04mg;叶酸,0.05-2mg;泛酸,5-15mg;烟酸,20-40mg;生物素,0.01-0.2mg。
进一步优选地,所述的复合矿物质,按1kg饲料计算,含有以下成分:铜,4-12mg;铁,60-100mg;锌,50-70mg;锰,90-110mg;碘,0.2-0.5mg。
与现有的饲喂模式相比,本发明具有以下优点:
第一:本发明运用市场中常规饲料原料,制成减轻夏季育成期肉鸭热应激的饲料,可以改善育成期热应激肉鸭的肠道健康。
第二:本发明能显著降低育成期肉鸭血清中尿酸和尿素的含量,从而更有利于育成期肉鸭氮的沉积,促进生长;本发明能显著提高育成期肉鸭血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽的含量,从而更有利于育成期肉鸭有效抵抗热应激引起的氧化应激;本发明能显著提高育成期肉鸭空肠的绒毛长度与隐窝深度,从而有利于空肠的肠道发育;本发明能显著上调育成期肉鸭GHR、GLP-2R、IGF-1、ZO-1基因的mRNA表达量,从而有利于促进十二指肠、空肠和回肠健康发育的基因表达,从而有利于肠道的健康。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。实施例中所述饲料及加工方法,如未特别说明,均为常规技术方案,所用的饲料原料,均为市场上购买。
实施例1:
试验组饲料,由以下原料按重量份配比而成:
所述的饲料原料均可使用市场中购买的饲料级原料;
所述的复合多维,按1kg饲料计算,含有下列成分:维生素A,5,000-15,000IU;维生素D3,1,000-4,000IU;维生素E,10-40IU;维生素K3,1-3mg;硫胺素,1-3mg;核黄素,3-7.5mg;吡哆醇,1-5mg;维生素B12,0.01-0.04mg;叶酸,0.05-2mg;泛酸,5-15mg;烟酸,20-40mg;生物素,0.01-0.2mg。
所述的复合矿物质,按1kg饲料计算,含有以下成分:铜,4-12mg;铁,60-100mg;锌,50-70mg;锰,90-110mg;碘,0.2-0.5mg。
所述DL-蛋氨酸是市场应用的蛋氨酸一种来源,相对于另一种市场上应用的蛋氨酸替代品(蛋氨酸羟基类似物,HMTBA,液蛋),俗称固蛋。
本实施例的饲料中,禽代谢能为3.06MC/Kg,粗蛋白含量为17%。
试验肉鸭选取16日龄育成期北京鸭,每天早中晚各饲喂一次(8:00、14:00和20:30),试验期为19天。试验所处的季节为夏季高温环境下。
养殖系统为网上平养模式,地板为漏缝地板,试验选用体重相近的16d雄性北京鸭720只,随机分为6个日粮处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复20只。包括3个水平的固蛋组,分别是添加含量为0.35%、0.20%、0.05%的DL-蛋氨酸组;3个水平的蛋氨酸羟基类似物,分别添加对应的量,动物自由饮水,每日定时打扫鸭舍。
在北京鸭35日龄时,从每栏中随机取一只北京鸭,颈静脉采血后离心分离得到血清,测定血清中尿酸和尿素的含量。
由表1可知,添加DLM相对HMTBA显著降低了血清中尿酸和尿素的含量(P<0.05;P<0.05),表明添加DLM更有利于育成期北京鸭氮的沉积,促进生长。
表1 35d北京鸭血清中尿酸和尿素的含量
实施例2
与实施例1饲养方案一致。
在北京鸭35日龄时,从每栏中随机取一只北京鸭屠宰,颈静脉采血后离心分离得到血清,取相同部位适量的肝脏保存在-40℃冰箱,测定血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽含量。
由表2可知,添加DLM相对HMTBA显著提高了血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽的含量(P<0.05;P<0.05),同时添加0.35%和0.20%水平相对0.05%水平都显著提高了肝脏中谷胱甘肽的含量(P<0.05),表明添加DLM更有利于育成期北京鸭谷胱甘肽的生成而有效抵抗热应激引起的氧化应激,且在0.35%水平时效果更好。
表2 35d时北京鸭血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽含量
实施例3
与实施例1饲养方案一致。在北京鸭35日龄时,从每栏中随机取一只北京鸭屠宰,采集合适大小的十二指肠、空肠和回肠组织放入4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定,后续HE染色后测定绒毛长度、隐窝深度以及计算其比值。
由表3可知,添加DLM相对HMTBA可以显著提高空肠的绒毛长度与隐窝深度的(P<0.05),有利于空肠的肠道发育。
表3 35d时北京鸭空肠肠道形态
实施例4:
与实施例1饲养方案一致。在35日龄时,每栏取一只平均体重的北京鸭,屠宰采集合适大小的十二指肠、空肠和回肠放入液氮中速冻后放入-80℃冰箱保存,检测GHR、IFG-1、ZO-1、GLP-2R基因mRNA的表达。
由表4可知,添加DLM相对HMTBA显著上调GHR和GLP-2R基因mRNA表达量(P<0.01;P<0.05);蛋氨酸源水平显著影响了十二指肠IGF-1、ZO-1和GLP-2R基因mRNA的表达(P<0.05;P<0.05;P<0.01),且有影响GHR基因mRNA表达的趋势(P<0.1),0.20%和0.35%水平相对0.05%显著上调ZO-1基因mRNA表达,0.35%水平组相对其他两个组显著上调GLP-2R基因mRNA的表达,0.35%水平相对0.05%水平显著上调GHR基因mRNA的表达。表明添加DLM更有利于促进十二指肠健康发育的基因表达,而有利于肠道的健康,且在添加0.35%水平时效果更好。
表4 35d时北京鸭十二指肠相关基因的表达量
由表5可知,添加的蛋氨酸水平和来源有影响IGF-1、GHR、ZO-1和GLP-2R基因mRNA表达的互作效应(P<0.01;P<0.01;P<0.01;P<0.01),0.35%水平DLM组IGF-1、GHR、ZO-1和GLP-2R基因mRNA的表达量都是最高水平。表明添加0.35%DLM更有利于促进空肠健康发育的基因表达,而有利于肠道的健康。
表5 35d时北京鸭空肠相关基因的表达量
由表6可知,对于35d回肠,添加的蛋氨酸源水平显著影响ZO-1基因mRNA的表达(P<0.05),0.35%水平组相对其他两个组显著上调ZO-1基因mRNA的表达;蛋氨酸来源和水平有影响GHR和GLP-2R基因mRNA表达的互作效应(P<0.1;P<0.05),0.35%水平DLM组相对其他组显著上调了GHR和GLP-2R基因mRNA的表达。表明添加0.35%DLM更有利于促进回肠健康发育的基因表达,而有利于肠道的健康。
表6 35d时北京鸭回肠相关基因的表达量
Claims (5)
1.一种育成期肉鸭抗热应激饲料,其特征在于由以下重量配比的原料组成:
2.如权利要求1所述的育成期肉鸭抗热应激饲料,其特征在于所述原料的重量配比是:
3.如权利要求1或2所述的育成期肉鸭抗热应激饲料,其特征在于:所述蛋氨酸为DL-蛋氨酸。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的育成期肉鸭的抗热应激配合饲料,其特征在于:所述的复合多维,按1kg饲料计算,含有下列成分:维生素A,5,000-15,000IU;维生素D3,1,000-4,000IU;维生素E,10-40IU;维生素K3,1-3mg;硫胺素,1-3mg;核黄素,3-7.5mg;吡哆醇,1-5mg;维生素B12,0.01-0.04mg;叶酸,0.05-2mg;泛酸,5-15mg;烟酸,20-40mg;生物素,0.01-0.2mg。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的育成期肉鸭的抗热应激配合饲料,其特征在于:所述的复合矿物质,按1kg饲料计算,含有以下成分:铜,4-12mg;铁,60-100mg;锌,50-70mg;锰,90-110mg;碘,0.2-0.5mg。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710566840.8A CN107373166A (zh) | 2017-07-12 | 2017-07-12 | 一种育成期肉鸭抗热应激饲料 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710566840.8A CN107373166A (zh) | 2017-07-12 | 2017-07-12 | 一种育成期肉鸭抗热应激饲料 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN107373166A true CN107373166A (zh) | 2017-11-24 |
Family
ID=60340387
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710566840.8A Pending CN107373166A (zh) | 2017-07-12 | 2017-07-12 | 一种育成期肉鸭抗热应激饲料 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN107373166A (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110037192A (zh) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-23 | 鹤山市粤凰饲料有限公司 | 一种有效降低肉鸭热应激的肉鸭配合饲料及其制备方法 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102669494A (zh) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-09-19 | 山东新希望六和集团有限公司 | 一种产蛋鸡抗热应激配合饲料及其制备方法 |
CN103931879A (zh) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-07-23 | 沈阳金科丰牧业科技有限公司 | 一种用于生产PUFA、EPA和DHA含量高且n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA低的功能性鸭肉的饲料 |
CN104304819A (zh) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-01-28 | 安徽科技学院 | 一种蛋鸡用抗热应激发酵饲料及其制备方法 |
CN105432968A (zh) * | 2016-01-09 | 2016-03-30 | 黄庆梅 | 一种抗热应激鸡饲料添加剂 |
CN106615680A (zh) * | 2015-11-03 | 2017-05-10 | 瑞普(天津)生物药业有限公司 | 一种抗应激饲料添加剂 |
CN106798157A (zh) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-06-06 | 广东温氏食品集团股份有限公司 | 一种稻谷型的肉鸭饲料及其制备方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-07-12 CN CN201710566840.8A patent/CN107373166A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102669494A (zh) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-09-19 | 山东新希望六和集团有限公司 | 一种产蛋鸡抗热应激配合饲料及其制备方法 |
CN103931879A (zh) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-07-23 | 沈阳金科丰牧业科技有限公司 | 一种用于生产PUFA、EPA和DHA含量高且n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA低的功能性鸭肉的饲料 |
CN104304819A (zh) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-01-28 | 安徽科技学院 | 一种蛋鸡用抗热应激发酵饲料及其制备方法 |
CN106615680A (zh) * | 2015-11-03 | 2017-05-10 | 瑞普(天津)生物药业有限公司 | 一种抗应激饲料添加剂 |
CN105432968A (zh) * | 2016-01-09 | 2016-03-30 | 黄庆梅 | 一种抗热应激鸡饲料添加剂 |
CN106798157A (zh) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-06-06 | 广东温氏食品集团股份有限公司 | 一种稻谷型的肉鸭饲料及其制备方法 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110037192A (zh) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-23 | 鹤山市粤凰饲料有限公司 | 一种有效降低肉鸭热应激的肉鸭配合饲料及其制备方法 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Delezie et al. | Impacts of calcium and phosphorus concentration, their ratio, and phytase supplementation level on growth performance, foot pad lesions, and hock burn of broiler chickens | |
Nukreaw et al. | Effects of methionine supplementation in low-protein diets and subsequent re-feeding on growth performance, liver and serum lipid profile, body composition and carcass quality of broiler chickens at 42 days of age | |
CN102228156A (zh) | 一种肉鸭配合饲料 | |
EP2852293B9 (en) | Treatment of poultry, pigs or fish for reducing the feed conversion ratio or increasing their bodyweight gain | |
Hernández-García et al. | Effects of feeding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), organic selenium and chromium mixed on growth performance and carcass traits of hair lambs | |
Alshamiri et al. | The effect of supplementing different levels of phytase enzyme on performance, some carcass properties and economics of broiler chickens | |
CN106173475A (zh) | 缓解肉鸡热应激的配合饲料及其制备方法 | |
EP3065731B1 (en) | Methods and compositions for improving kidney function | |
WO2010060025A1 (en) | Methods for altering food intake, modifying nutrient digestibility and altering stool quality and/or stool frequency | |
Dozier III et al. | Male and female broiler responses to low and adequate dietary threonine on nitrogen and energy balance | |
Hidayat et al. | Abdominal fat percentage and carcass quality of broiler given probiotics Bacillus spp | |
Tyagi et al. | Utilization of roasted guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) korma in the diet of broiler chickens | |
Wu et al. | Introduction: Significance, challenges and strategies of animal production | |
CN107373166A (zh) | 一种育成期肉鸭抗热应激饲料 | |
Dorigam et al. | Establishing an essential amino acid profile for maintenance in poultry using deletion method | |
CN107173605A (zh) | 一种用于减缓夏季育雏期肉鸭热应激的饲料 | |
Garland | The challenges confronting chicken meat producers in Great Britain in relation to low protein diets | |
TWI238717B (en) | Carnitine supplemented diet to prevent or alleviate ascites in broiler type poultry | |
Boitai et al. | Effect of dietary incorporation of fish silage on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken. | |
Azimi Youvalari et al. | Effects of copper sulfate and arginine supplements on performance and carcass traits in broiler chickens fed with canola meal based diet | |
Sultan et al. | Effect of corn replacement with enzose (corn dextrose) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers | |
Najib | Feeding value of single cell protein produced from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits for broiler chickens | |
Farahat et al. | Effect of phytase supplementation to diets varying in chloride level on performance, litter moisture, foot pad score, and gait score of growing turkeys | |
M Abdel-Hafeez et al. | Effects of high dietary energy, with high and normal protein levels, on broiler performance and production characteristics | |
Hassanien et al. | EVALUATION OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OFBROILER CHICKS FED PLANT DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH SOME FEED ADDITIVES |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20171124 |
|
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |