CN107371674A - 一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法 - Google Patents

一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法 Download PDF

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CN107371674A
CN107371674A CN201710480897.6A CN201710480897A CN107371674A CN 107371674 A CN107371674 A CN 107371674A CN 201710480897 A CN201710480897 A CN 201710480897A CN 107371674 A CN107371674 A CN 107371674A
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郭婷婷
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,具体步骤为:在日光温室内直接翻土作插床,底部铺粗砂,再填充由河沙、蛭石和珍珠岩混合均匀得到的基质;插穗放入多菌灵溶液浸泡,无菌水冲洗;将消毒后的插穗基部放入激素溶液中浸泡;然后插入插床内,浇透水,每6‑7d用灭菌剂和磷酸二氢钾溶液喷洒插穗。有益效果为:本发明的快速生根方法每月可以繁殖一批玫瑰幼苗,即可加快无性系繁殖速度,又可提高拱棚利用率,具有缩短育苗周期、保持母本遗传特性、种苗整齐、加快优良无性系快速繁殖和推广等特点,便于大规模工厂化繁育玫瑰种苗,因此具有广阔的应用前景和显著的社会经济效益。

Description

一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法
技术领域
本发明涉及园艺栽培技术领域,尤其是涉及一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法。
背景技术
玫瑰(Rosarugosa)是蔷薇科蔷薇属落叶灌木,在西方统称Rose,中文则有玫瑰、蔷薇和月季等不同的提法和区分。玫瑰栽培历史悠久,早先仅供药用和制造香料,后来用于观赏及品种培育。玫瑰分布广泛,开发利用价值高,虽然目前已形成了一些初具规模的栽培中心,但形成大规模栽植和产业化发展地区并不多。在我国,有关玫瑰快速繁殖的研究虽比较深入,但要进入规模经营和产业化发展的阶段,还必须进一步加大玫瑰快速繁殖的步伐。近年来玫瑰应用推广规模日益扩大,对玫瑰苗木的需求也不断增加,而玫瑰苗木的缺乏却极大地制约了玫瑰的开发利用。很多优良的玫瑰品种急需大量繁殖,因此要开发利用玫瑰资源,需要找到一种快速高效的玫瑰繁殖方法,以提供大量苗木。玫瑰繁殖方法较多,一般以分株、扦插为主。分株多于春、秋季进行;扦插用硬枝、嫩枝均可。还可用嫁接、埋条繁殖,嫁接可用野蔷薇或七姊妹等为砧木,芽接、枝接、根接均可;埋条宜在华北干旱地区采用,自落叶至次年春天芽萌发前都可进行,而且较早进行较好。扦插繁殖有成苗快、繁殖系数高、操作简单、应用广泛、能够保持品种优良性状等优点,是快速高效繁殖玫瑰的常用方法,有非常好的应用前景和推广价值。虽然已有不少学者进行过玫瑰扦插繁殖研究,但多集中在繁殖技术方面,研究所用的玫瑰品种和扦插方式比较单一,多集中在一个季节,对比性不强。目前实际生产中仅有少数玫瑰品种的扦插成活率较高,还有很多玫瑰品种的扦插成活率并不高。特别是,有关玫瑰快速生根的办法很是少见。
现有技术如授权公告号为CN 103891509 B的中国发明专利,公开了一种中国苦水玫瑰扦插技术,包括以下步骤:设施、扦插床和扦插基质的准备;插穗的准备;生长调节剂的使用;扦插;扦插后的管理。其中扦插后的管理主要包括步骤喷水和喷雾;温度与湿度要求;管理;促根;光照;移栽。该技术可解决中国苦水玫瑰离体枝条的生根难的问题,玫瑰离体枝条具有愈伤组织生长迅速,成活率高;生根发芽快和多的优点,且可提高生产效率,但生根速度较慢。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有缩短育苗周期、保持母本遗传特性、种苗整齐、加快优良无性系快速繁殖和推广等特点的玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法。
本发明针对上述技术中提到的问题,采取的技术方案为:一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,包括插床准备、插穗准备、激素处理、扦插,具体步骤为:
插床准备:在日光温室内直接翻土20-30cm作插床,底部铺8-10cm的粗砂,再填充由河沙、蛭石和珍珠岩按体积比为1:1-1.2:1-1.1混合均匀得到的基质,扦插前6-7d用200-300倍多菌灵喷洒基质和插床即可,该混合基质能够弥补单一基质的不足,既降低了成本还能提高生根率,具有适合插穗生根的适宜持水量,为不定根的产生和生长提供更好的生根环境,用多菌灵喷洒基质和插床进行杀菌可为玫瑰枝条提供一个无菌的生根环境,提高存活率;
插穗准备:截取生长良好、无病虫害的半木质化枝条,剪成长9-12cm的插穗,顶部平切,基部斜切,顶端切口距最上面的芽1-2cm,放入700-800倍多菌灵溶液浸泡8-10min,无菌水冲洗4-6次,备用,该步骤中多菌灵是一种广谱性杀菌剂,对多种作物由真菌引起的病害有防治效果,能够消灭插穗病菌,控制插穗污染,确保插穗安全,提高生活率;
激素处理:将消毒后的插穗基部2-3cm放入激素溶液中浸泡50-60min,经该步骤处理的玫瑰枝条的生根率高达80%以上,移栽成活率高;
扦插:将激素处理后的插穗插入插床内,扦插深度5-8cm,株行距3-4×4-6cm,扦插完成后立即浇透水,保证土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的60-70%,每6-7d用700-800倍灭菌剂和浓度为0.3-0.5%磷酸二氢钾溶液喷洒插穗,扦插一周后在插穗的基部开始产生愈伤组织,13-15天后在最下部的芽眼处开始生根,30天后生根率达到80%以上,愈伤组织生长迅速,成活率高,生根发芽不仅快,而且多,提高生产效率。
优选的,激素处理步骤中激素溶液的成分及其重量份为:萘乙酸0.1-0.2份、吲哚丁酸0.2-0.3份、6-BA 0.2-0.3份、复合维生素1-3份、邻苯二酚0.03-0.06份、活性多肽0.02-0.03份、鱼藤酮提取物0.1-0.2份、苦皮藤素提取物0.12-0.16份、除虫菊素提取物0.13-0.18份、尿素0.5-0.8份、水1000-1100份,活性多肽的氨基酸序列为HSHACKLCAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK,该活性多肽由穿膜肽和功能肽融合而成,能够顺利进入到玫瑰枝条细胞间质中发挥其作用,并可进一步穿透细胞膜,进入细胞内部,从而促进枝条细胞的分裂,形成根原基,并进一步分化形成主根、侧根和根毛,大幅度提高玫瑰枝条成活率;该激素溶液通过茎叶吸收进入玫瑰枝条内,激发酶的活性,促进根原基快速形成,使玫瑰枝条扦插13-15天后在最下部的芽眼处开始生根,同时克服了插穗在生根期间,常因病菌侵袭而腐烂导致扦插失败现象,提升玫瑰枝条的成活率提升,有很好的使用价值。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
1.本发明的快速生根方法,扦插一周后在插穗的基部开始产生愈伤组织,13-15天后在最下部的芽眼处开始生根,30天后生根率达到80%以上,愈伤组织生长迅速,成活率高,生根发芽不仅快,而且多,提高生产效率。
2.本发明的激素溶液能通过茎叶吸收进入玫瑰枝条内,激发酶的活性,促进根原基快速形成,使玫瑰枝条扦插13-15天后在最下部的芽眼处开始生根,同时克服了插穗在生根期间,常因病菌侵袭而腐烂导致扦插失败现象,提升玫瑰枝条的成活率提升,有很好的使用价值。
3.本发明的快速生根方法每月可以繁殖一批玫瑰幼苗,即可加快无性系繁殖速度,又可提高拱棚利用率,具有缩短育苗周期、保持母本遗传特性、种苗整齐、加快优良无性系快速繁殖和推广等特点,便于大规模工厂化繁育玫瑰种苗,因此具有广阔的应用前景和显著的社会经济效益。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明方案作进一步说明:
实施例1:
一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,包括插床准备、插穗准备、激素处理、扦插,具体步骤为:
插床准备:在日光温室内直接翻土25cm作插床,底部铺10cm的粗砂,再填充由河沙、蛭石和珍珠岩按体积比为1:1:1混合均匀得到的基质,扦插前7d用200倍多菌灵喷洒基质和插床即可,该混合基质能够弥补单一基质的不足,既降低了成本还能提高生根率,具有适合插穗生根的适宜持水量,为不定根的产生和生长提供更好的生根环境,用多菌灵喷洒基质和插床进行杀菌可为玫瑰枝条提供一个无菌的生根环境,提高存活率;
插穗准备:截取生长良好、无病虫害的半木质化枝条,剪成长10cm的插穗,顶部平切,基部斜切,顶端切口距最上面的芽1cm,放入700倍多菌灵溶液浸泡8min,无菌水冲洗5次,备用,该步骤中多菌灵是一种广谱性杀菌剂,对多种作物由真菌引起的病害有防治效果,能够消灭插穗病菌,控制插穗污染,确保插穗安全,提高生活率;
激素处理:将消毒后的插穗基部3cm放入激素溶液中浸泡60min,经该步骤处理的玫瑰枝条的生根率高达80%以上,移栽成活率高;
扦插:将激素处理后的插穗插入插床内,扦插深度6cm,株行距3×4cm,扦插完成后立即浇透水,保证土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的70%,每7d用700倍灭菌剂和浓度为0.4%磷酸二氢钾溶液喷洒插穗,扦插一周后在插穗的基部开始产生愈伤组织,13-15天后在最下部的芽眼处开始生根,30天后生根率达到80%以上,愈伤组织生长迅速,成活率高,生根发芽不仅快,而且多,提高生产效率。
上述激素处理步骤中激素溶液的成分及其重量份为:萘乙酸0.15份、吲哚丁酸0.24份、6-BA 0.26份、复合维生素2份、邻苯二酚0.05份、活性多肽0.026份、鱼藤酮提取物0.17份、苦皮藤素提取物0.14份、除虫菊素提取物0.16份、尿素0.7份、水1000份,活性多肽的氨基酸序列为HSHACKLCAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK,该活性多肽由穿膜肽和功能肽融合而成,能够顺利进入到玫瑰枝条细胞间质中发挥其作用,并可进一步穿透细胞膜,进入细胞内部,从而促进枝条细胞的分裂,形成根原基,并进一步分化形成主根、侧根和根毛,大幅度提高玫瑰枝条成活率;该激素溶液通过茎叶吸收进入玫瑰枝条内,激发酶的活性,促进根原基快速形成,使玫瑰枝条扦插13-15天后在最下部的芽眼处开始生根,同时克服了插穗在生根期间,常因病菌侵袭而腐烂导致扦插失败现象,提升玫瑰枝条的成活率提升,有很好的使用价值。
实施例2:
一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,具体步骤为:
1)在日光温室内直接翻土28cm作插床,底部铺10cm的粗砂,再填充由河沙、蛭石和珍珠岩按体积比为1:1.2:1混合均匀得到的基质,扦插前6d用300倍多菌灵喷洒基质和插床即可,该混合基质能够弥补单一基质的不足,既降低了成本还能提高生根率,具有适合插穗生根的适宜持水量,为不定根的产生和生长提供更好的生根环境,用多菌灵喷洒基质和插床进行杀菌可为玫瑰枝条提供一个无菌的生根环境,提高存活率;
2)截取生长良好、无病虫害的半木质化枝条,剪成长11cm的插穗,顶部平切,基部斜切,顶端切口距最上面的芽1.5cm,放入750倍多菌灵溶液浸泡10min,无菌水冲洗4次,备用,该步骤中多菌灵是一种广谱性杀菌剂,对多种作物由真菌引起的病害有防治效果,能够消灭插穗病菌,控制插穗污染,确保插穗安全,提高生活率;
3)将消毒后的插穗基质基部2.5cm放入激素溶液中浸泡60min,经该步骤处理的玫瑰枝条的生根率高达80%以上,移栽成活率高;
4)将激素处理后的插穗插入插床内,扦插深度7cm,株行距4×4cm,扦插完成后立即浇透水,保证土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的63%,每6d用800倍灭菌剂和浓度为0.3%磷酸二氢钾溶液喷洒插穗,扦插一周后在插穗的基部开始产生愈伤组织,13-15天后在最下部的芽眼处开始生根,30天后生根率达到80%以上,愈伤组织生长迅速,成活率高,生根发芽不仅快,而且多,提高生产效率。
上述激素处理步骤中激素溶液的成分及其重量份为:萘乙酸0.14份、吲哚丁酸0.2份、6-BA 0.22份、复合维生素1.9份、邻苯二酚0.05份、活性多肽0.027份、鱼藤酮提取物0.13份、苦皮藤素提取物0.15份、除虫菊素提取物0.15份、尿素0.7份、水1100份,活性多肽的氨基酸序列为HSHACKLCAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK,该活性多肽由穿膜肽和功能肽融合而成,能够顺利进入到玫瑰枝条细胞间质中发挥其作用,并可进一步穿透细胞膜,进入细胞内部,从而促进枝条细胞的分裂,形成根原基,并进一步分化形成主根、侧根和根毛,大幅度提高玫瑰枝条成活率;该激素溶液通过茎叶吸收进入玫瑰枝条内,激发酶的活性,促进根原基快速形成,使玫瑰枝条扦插13-15天后在最下部的芽眼处开始生根,同时克服了插穗在生根期间,常因病菌侵袭而腐烂导致扦插失败现象,提升玫瑰枝条的成活率提升,有很好的使用价值。
实施例3:
一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,具体步骤为:在日光温室内直接翻土20cm作插床,底部铺8cm的粗砂,再填充由河沙、蛭石和珍珠岩按体积比为1:1.2:1.1混合均匀得到的基质,扦插前6d用250倍多菌灵喷洒基质和插床即可;截取生长良好、无病虫害的半木质化枝条,剪成长11cm的插穗,顶部平切,基部斜切,顶端切口距最上面的芽1cm,放入770倍多菌灵溶液浸泡8min,无菌水冲洗6次,然后将插穗基部3cm放入激素溶液中浸泡58min;将激素处理后的插穗插入插床内,扦插深度8cm,株行距3×5cm,扦插完成后立即浇透水,保证土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的70%,每7d用700倍灭菌剂和浓度为0.3%磷酸二氢钾溶液喷洒插穗,扦插一周后在插穗的基部开始产生愈伤组织,13-15天后在最下部的芽眼处开始生根,30天后生根率达到80%以上。
上述激素处理步骤中激素溶液的成分及其重量份为:萘乙酸0.2份、吲哚丁酸0.24份、6-BA 0.3份、复合维生素2份、邻苯二酚0.05份、活性多肽0.025份、鱼藤酮提取物0.15份、苦皮藤素提取物0.12份、除虫菊素提取物0.17份、尿素0.6份、水1000份。
本发明的操作步骤中的常规操作为本领域技术人员所熟知,在此不进行赘述。
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明,应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充或类似方式替代等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 兰溪市奥而特农业科技有限公司
<120> 一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法
<130> 1
<160> 1
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 30
<212> PRT
<213> 人工合成
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His Ser His Ala Cys Lys Leu Cys Ala Ala Lys Cys Tyr Leu Cys Arg
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Val Leu His Pro Gly Lys Leu Cys Val Cys Asn Cys Ser Lys
20 25 30

Claims (10)

1.一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,包括插床准备、插穗准备、激素处理、扦插,其特征在于:所述的激素处理步骤为:将消毒后的插穗基部2-3cm放入激素溶液中浸泡50-60min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,其特征在于:所述的激素处理步骤中激素溶液的成分及其重量份为:萘乙酸0.1-0.2份、吲哚丁酸0.2-0.3份、6-BA 0.2-0.3份、复合维生素1-3份、邻苯二酚0.03-0.06份、活性多肽0.02-0.03份、鱼藤酮提取物0.1-0.2份、苦皮藤素提取物0.12-0.0.16份、除虫菊素提取物0.13-0.18份、尿素0.5-0.8份、水1000-1100份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,其特征在于:所述的激素处理步骤中活性多肽的氨基酸序列为HSHACKLCAAKCYLCRVLHPGKLCVCNCSK。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,其特征在于:所述的插床准备步骤为:在日光温室内直接翻土20-30cm作插床,底部铺8-10cm的粗砂,再填充基质,用多菌灵喷洒基质和插床即可。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,其特征在于:所述的插床准备步骤中基质的成分为河沙、蛭石和珍珠岩,体积比为1:1-1.2:1-1.1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,其特征在于:所述的插床准备步骤中扦插前6-7d用200-300倍多菌灵喷洒基质和插床。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,其特征在于:所述的插穗准备步骤为:截取生长良好、无病虫害的半木质化枝条,剪成长9-12cm的插穗,顶部平切,基部斜切,顶端切口距最上面的芽1-2cm,放入多菌灵溶液浸泡,无菌水冲洗,备用。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,其特征在于:所述的插穗准备步骤中多菌灵溶液为700-800倍,浸泡8-10min。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,其特征在于:所述的扦插步骤为:将激素处理后的插穗插入插床内,扦插深度5-8cm,株行距3-4×4-6cm,扦插完成后立即浇透水,保证土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的60-70%,即可。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种玫瑰枝条的快速生根方法,其特征在于:所述的扦插步骤中每6-7d用700-800倍灭菌剂和浓度为0.3-0.5%磷酸二氢钾溶液喷洒插穗。
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