CN107369858A - A kind of battery pack Bi-objective equalizing circuit control strategy stage by stage - Google Patents

A kind of battery pack Bi-objective equalizing circuit control strategy stage by stage Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107369858A
CN107369858A CN201710651002.0A CN201710651002A CN107369858A CN 107369858 A CN107369858 A CN 107369858A CN 201710651002 A CN201710651002 A CN 201710651002A CN 107369858 A CN107369858 A CN 107369858A
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stage
battery
balanced
battery pack
cycle
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CN201710651002.0A
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CN107369858B (en
Inventor
郭向伟
王允建
谢东垒
司纪凯
韩素敏
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Henan University of Technology
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Henan University of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of battery pack Bi-objective equalizing circuit control strategy stage by stage.It can be seen from lithium battery equivalent-circuit model, cell operating status uniformity is together decided on by battery terminal voltage, open-circuit voltage, and one-to-one linear relationship is presented with SOC in open-circuit within the specific limits.Bi-objective refers to while using cell terminal voltage, cell SOC as balanced index, realizes electric voltage equalization, SOC balance；Refer to stage by stage within a balanced cycle, first equalizing voltage, then balanced SOC, battery terminal voltage equilibrium, SOC balance are realized, finally realizes the equilibrium of battery terminal voltage, open-circuit voltage.The present invention can inherently eliminate the inconsistency of cell in battery pack.The battery balanced management system of energy storage equipment of the control strategy suitable for hybrid vehicle, pure electric automobile or storage station.

Description

A kind of battery pack Bi-objective equalizing circuit control strategy stage by stage
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of battery pack balancing technology, suitable for mixed power electric car, pure electric automobile or accumulation of energy The battery balanced management system of energy storage equipment in power station.
Background technology
In recent years, with the worsening of air quality and gradually deficient, the new-energy automobile of petroleum resources, especially Pure electric automobile turns into the exploitation focus of major motor corporation of the world today.Crucial portion of the power battery pack as electric automobile Part, critical component of the electrokinetic cell as electric automobile, there is significant impact to vehicle dynamic property, economy and security.
Because cell capacity is limited, and monomer voltage is relatively low, so power battery pack is typically by multiple monomers electricity Pond connection in series-parallel is formed to meet requirement.Consequently, it is possible in actual use, due to existing between the cell of same model Inevitable problem of inconsistency, battery pack service life will be had a strong impact on, and easily cause to occur overcharging and cross and put now As.
In order to improve the problem of inconsistency of battery pack, extend the service life of battery pack, increase substantially battery pack Overall performance, ensure the safety and reliability that battery pack uses, nowadays existing substantial amounts of balanced topological sum control strategy is carried Go out.Research for equalizing circuit control strategy, Kobzev, Tae-hoon Kim etc. are to be used as equilibrium using battery terminal voltage Index, to battery pack balancing, but the quality of battery performance can not only rely on the height of voltage to weigh, and capacity is low in battery pack Battery is in charging or after charging, and its terminal voltage may be higher than other batteries, if using this equalization methods, then balanced Result be the low battery of the capacity battery supplement energy high to capacity, increase the gap of each battery capacity in battery pack. Danielson, Huang W et al. think to be to work as electric current suddenly change under different operating modes as balanced variable advantage using SOC Shi Buhui causes battery charge state to fluctuate so that equalization target change is more stable, advantageously reduces balanced concussion to battery Influence, but this equalization methods can only solve capacity is larger in battery pack battery because of long-term undercharge hydraulic performance decline Problem, the gap of each battery actual capacity can not be reduced or eliminated.In general, the research of Balance route strategy at present it is more with Single terminal voltage or single SOC are as balanced index.
The content of the invention
The present invention combines battery equivalent circuit model, as shown in Fig. 2 the uniformity of two cells is by battery open circuit electricity Pressure, " internal resistance+capacitance-resistance link ", 3 parts such as battery terminal voltage are formed, and in the range of certain SOC, battery open circuit voltage with Be present one-to-one relation in SOC, be illustrated in figure 3, the open circuit of the Sanyo Lithium Battery of actual measurement under various operating conditions The graph of relation of voltage and SOC, in the range of 0.1-0.9, each bar curve almost overlaps, and illustrates within this range, open circuit electricity Pressure has one-to-one relation with SOC.If only using single SOC, monomer terminal voltage as balanced index, can not be from this The dynamic conformance of reaction cell in matter, and balanced index is used as using SOC, terminal voltage simultaneously, it is ensured that " internal resistance+capacitance-resistance ring The uniformity of section ", and then ensure that battery dynamic property is consistent.
Based on this, the present invention proposes to formulate Balance route strategy as balanced index simultaneously using SOC, terminal voltage, by dividing Stage carries out equilibrium to SOC, terminal voltage, inherently improves the uniformity of power battery pack cell.
A kind of Bi-objective Balance route strategy stage by stage, refer to establish balanced index, an equilibrium based on SOC, terminal voltage Equilibrium is carried out to it stage by stage in cycle, finally realizes each cell SOC in battery pack, terminal voltage consistent sexual satisfaction design It is required that.
Further, this method includes herein below：
S1, the balanced index of setting：Whether equalizing circuit is met by the inconsistency of each battery SOC of detection circuit judges, terminal voltage Condition of work；Such as meet equilibrium condition, equalizing circuit is started working；Equilibrium condition is such as unsatisfactory for, equalizing circuit does not work.
Each cell average open-circuit voltage of battery pack is set as Uoc_ave, each cell average terminal voltage is UL_ave, order：
Di=Uoc_i-UL_i (1)
Uoc_i=f (soci) (2)
Dmax=Uoc_max-UL_min (3)
Dave=Uoc_ave-UL_ave (4)
Equalizing circuit work Rule of judgment be：Dmax-Dave＞ vref, vrefFor equalizing circuit reference voltage value.
S2, balancing procedure include several balanced cycles, and the time of each balanced cycle T/2 is used for electric voltage equalization, T/2 times For SOC balance.
In charge and discharge process, if Dmax-Dave≤vref, equalizing circuit does not work, if Dmax-Dave＞ vref, equalizing circuit opens Beginning work, the first half cycle in each balanced cycle is to Uoc_maxCorresponding cell carries out equalization discharge so that Uoc_maxReduce, The later half cycle in each balanced cycle is to UL_minCorresponding cell carries out charge balancing so that UL_minIncrease, causes Dmax Reduce, finally cause Dmax-Dave≤vrefSet up.
S3, each balanced end cycle, detection circuit detect and judge whether each battery SOC, terminal voltage meet again Weighing apparatus condition；
S4, repeat step S2, until cell inconsistency is unsatisfactory for equalizing circuit condition of work, equalizing circuit stops work Make, balancing procedure terminates.
Further, in step S2, in the equalizing circuit course of work, by reducing cell corresponding to SOC maximums Open-circuit voltage, increase terminal voltage minimum value corresponding to cell terminal voltage so that DmaxReduce, gradually meet battery pack Coincident indicator.As each cell D in battery packi=Uoc_i-UL_iWhen reaching unanimity, you can realize cell dynamic Performance it is consistent.
Battery pack in the present invention can be that lead-acid battery, lithium ion battery, Ni-MH battery or ultracapacitor etc. are secondary Battery, Balance route strategy of the invention go for conductive discharge formula equalizing circuit, capacitor type equalizing circuit, converter type The energy-dissipating such as equalizing circuit and transformer type equalizing circuit equalizing circuit and energy non-dissipative type equalizing circuit.
The beneficial point of the present invention is：, can be inherently simultaneously using battery terminal voltage, SOC as inconsistency index Improve the uniformity of cell in battery pack；By balanced stage by stage, do not increasing sequential operation amount and controlling complexity Under the premise of, while realize the equilibrium of terminal voltage, SOC.This control strategy method is reliable, on-line operation amount is small, is remarkably improved electricity Pond security reliability, improve energy content of battery utilization rate, extend battery life.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to of the present invention in order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme in the principle and implementation of the present invention Technical scheme is further introduced using figure, section Example for being only the present invention with figure below, for art technology For personnel, other technical schemes can be obtained according to figure below on the premise of not paying creative work.
Fig. 1 principle of the invention figures；
Fig. 2 different multiplying constant current intermittent discharge OCV-SOC curves；
Fig. 3 lithium battery Order RC equivalent-circuit models.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, a kind of equalizing circuit control strategy of Bi-objective stage by stage, Bi-objective refers to same with SOC, terminal voltage Shi Zuowei equilibrium indexs, by realizing Di=Uoc_i-UL_iEquilibrium, to ensure the work shape of each cell of battery pack substantially The uniformity of state.Refer in each balanced cycle there is half period to be used for realizing terminal voltage equilibrium, this process passes through stage by stage The cell minimum to terminal voltage carries out charge balancing realization；There is half period to be used for realizing SOC balance, i.e. open-circuit voltage is equal Weighing apparatus, this process carry out equalization discharge realization by open-circuit voltage highest cell.This control strategy method is reliable, online Operand is small, is remarkably improved cell safety reliability, improves energy content of battery utilization rate, extends battery life.
New Bi-objective Balance route strategy stage by stage, is comprised the steps of：
S1, the balanced index of setting
Whether equalizing circuit condition of work is met by the inconsistency of each battery SOC of detection circuit judges, terminal voltage；Such as meet Weighing apparatus condition, equalizing circuit are started working；Equilibrium condition is such as unsatisfactory for, equalizing circuit does not work.
Equalizing circuit work Rule of judgment be：Dmax-Dave＞ vref, vrefFor equalizing circuit reference voltage value.Work as Dmax-Dave ＞ vrefWhen, equalizing circuit is started working, and works as Dmax-Dave≤vrefWhen, the consistent sexual satisfaction requirement of battery pack, equalizing circuit not work Make.
S2, equalizing circuit work
Balancing procedure includes several balanced cycles, and the time of each balanced cycle T/2 is used for electric voltage equalization, and the T/2 times are used for SOC It is balanced.
Equalizing circuit is started working, and the first half cycle in each balanced cycle is to Uoc_maxCorresponding cell is discharged It is balanced so that Uoc_maxReduce；The later half cycle in each balanced cycle is to UL_minCorresponding cell carries out charge balancing, makes Obtain UL_minIncrease；Uoc_maxReduction, UL_minIncrease, cause Dmax=Uoc_max-UL_minReduce, work as DmaxBe reduced to so that Dmax-Dave≤vrefDuring establishment, equalizing circuit is stopped.
S3, a balanced end cycle
Each balanced end cycle, detection circuit detect and judge whether each battery SOC, terminal voltage meet equalizing circuit work again Make condition；
S4, balancing procedure terminate
One balanced end cycle, if each cell SOC, terminal voltage meet equalizing circuit condition of work, equalizing circuit continues Work, if being unsatisfactory for equalizing circuit condition of work, equalizing circuit is stopped, and balancing procedure terminates.
, it is necessary to carry out battery OCV-SOC demarcation before this strategy is used for into equalizing circuit.
The 18650 type cylindrical batteries that the experimental subjects of selection produces for Sanyo under Panasonic, rated capacity are 2600mAh, rated voltage 3.7V, charge cutoff voltage 4.2V, discharge cut-off voltage 2.75V.Battery is filled herein Discharge test is in SOH=1, is carried out under 25 DEG C of constant temperatures, respectively demarcate 0.2C, 0.3C, 0.4C, 0.5C, 0.6C, OCV-SOC curves under the conditions of 0.75C, 1C constant current intermittent discharge.
Every group of demarcating steps are as follows：
Using first constant current（0.2C）Constant pressure afterwards（Blanking voltage 4.25V）Mode battery is charged；
Constant current constant volume amount is carried out to battery（260mAh）Electric discharge；
Electric discharge terminates, and stands 1 hour to eliminate battery polarization effect；
Repeat step , terminate to battery discharge.
It is illustrated in figure 3 calibration experiment result curve.It can be seen that when SOC is more than 10%, each bar curve is several Overlap, illustrate in same temperature（25℃）、SOH（New battery）Under the conditions of, OCV-SOC relations corresponding to different discharge-rates Curve is similar, OCV-SOC curves at a temperature of can representing this with wherein any one curve, chooses 0.2C constant currents interval herein and puts OCV-SOC curves under the conditions of electricity are fitted using the order polynomial data of matlab six, can obtained as reference curve：
Uoc=a1×soc6+a2×soc5+a3×soc4+a4×soc3+a5×soc2+a6×soc+a7 (1)
Wherein: a1=-34.72, a2=120.7, a3=-165.9, a4=114.5, a5=40.9, a6=7.31, a7=3.231。

Claims (7)

  1. A kind of 1. battery pack Bi-objective Balance route strategy stage by stage, it is characterised in that：Refer in a balanced cycle T, it is right Two balanced indexs of battery pack are controlled；Described two balanced indexs refer to the battery terminal voltage of each cell, battery SOC；The battery terminal voltage be in balanced cycle T before half of cycle T/2 carry out balanced, the battery SOC is in equilibrium Second half of the cycle T/2 in cycle T carries out balanced.
  2. 2. battery pack Bi-objective as claimed in claim 1 Balance route strategy stage by stage, it is characterised in that：The equilibrium of battery pack Process includes several balanced cycle Ts.
  3. 3. battery pack Bi-objective as claimed in claim 2 Balance route strategy stage by stage, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
    S1, whether equilibrium condition is met by the inconsistency of each battery terminal voltage of detection circuit judges, battery SOC；
    S2, equilibrium condition is such as unsatisfactory for, equalizing circuit does not work；Such as meet equilibrium condition, equalizing circuit is started working；
    S3, balancing procedure include several balanced cycle Ts, battery terminal voltage be in balanced cycle T before half of cycle T/2 enter Row is balanced, and the battery SOC is that the second half of the cycle T/2 in balanced cycle T carries out equilibrium；
    S4, each balanced end cycle, detection circuit detect and judge the inconsistency of each battery terminal voltage, battery SOC again Whether equilibrium condition is met；
    S5, and so on, until cell inconsistency is unsatisfactory for equalizing circuit condition of work, equalizing circuit is stopped.
  4. 4. battery pack Bi-objective according to any one of claims 1 to 3 Balance route strategy stage by stage, it is characterised in that： The battery pack is secondary cell.
  5. 5. battery pack Bi-objective according to claim 4 Balance route strategy stage by stage, it is characterised in that：The battery pack It is lead-acid battery, lithium ion battery, Ni-MH battery or ultracapacitor.
  6. 6. battery pack Bi-objective according to claims 1 to 3 Balance route strategy stage by stage, it is characterised in that：It is described equal Weighing apparatus control strategy is applied to energy-dissipating equalizing circuit and energy non-dissipative type equalizing circuit.
  7. 7. battery pack Bi-objective according to claim 6 Balance route strategy stage by stage, it is characterised in that：The balanced control It is balanced that system strategy is applied to conductive discharge formula equalizing circuit, capacitor type equalizing circuit, converter type equalizing circuit and transformer type Circuit.
CN201710651002.0A 2017-08-02 2017-08-02 A kind of Bi-objective Balance route strategy stage by stage Active CN107369858B (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107919674A (en) * 2017-12-11 2018-04-17 广州智光电气股份有限公司 The balance control method and device of a kind of energy-storage battery
CN109038707A (en) * 2018-07-05 2018-12-18 华中科技大学 A kind of battery pack segmentation mix balance control method
CN109638922A (en) * 2019-01-11 2019-04-16 河南理工大学 A kind of direct balance control method of series-connected cell group twin voltage
CN110880622A (en) * 2019-10-15 2020-03-13 江西恒动新能源有限公司 Equalization control method of battery pack
WO2021142667A1 (en) * 2020-01-15 2021-07-22 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 Battery equalizing method and system, battery and mobile platform

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JP2010239705A (en) * 2009-03-30 2010-10-21 Primearth Ev Energy Co Ltd Charging control method for secondary battery and battery charger
CN101894208A (en) * 2010-06-11 2010-11-24 浙江理工大学 Pulse duty ratio calculation method for series power storage battery equalizing circuit switch device
CN104617623A (en) * 2015-01-30 2015-05-13 武汉理工大学 Balance control method for power battery pack of electric vehicle
CN106887877A (en) * 2015-12-16 2017-06-23 中国科学技术大学 A kind of battery pack active equalization control system estimated based on battery power status

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107919674A (en) * 2017-12-11 2018-04-17 广州智光电气股份有限公司 The balance control method and device of a kind of energy-storage battery
CN107919674B (en) * 2017-12-11 2021-09-14 广州智光电气股份有限公司 Balance control method and device for energy storage battery
CN109038707A (en) * 2018-07-05 2018-12-18 华中科技大学 A kind of battery pack segmentation mix balance control method
CN109638922A (en) * 2019-01-11 2019-04-16 河南理工大学 A kind of direct balance control method of series-connected cell group twin voltage
CN110880622A (en) * 2019-10-15 2020-03-13 江西恒动新能源有限公司 Equalization control method of battery pack
WO2021142667A1 (en) * 2020-01-15 2021-07-22 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 Battery equalizing method and system, battery and mobile platform

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