CN107369764A - A kind of perovskite solar cell and preparation method for adulterating lead acetate trihydrate - Google Patents
A kind of perovskite solar cell and preparation method for adulterating lead acetate trihydrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN107369764A CN107369764A CN201710517747.8A CN201710517747A CN107369764A CN 107369764 A CN107369764 A CN 107369764A CN 201710517747 A CN201710517747 A CN 201710517747A CN 107369764 A CN107369764 A CN 107369764A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to perovskite area of solar cell, there is provided a kind of Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells and preparation method for adulterating lead acetate trihydrate；The perovskite solar cell includes transparency electrode, electron transfer layer, perovskite light-absorption layer, hole transmission layer and metal electrode successively；The perovskite light-absorption layer be in perovskite precursor solution adulterate lead acetate trihydrate obtained by, doping lead acetate trihydrate serves the effect of passivation crystal boundary, so as to inhibit the compound of electron hole, crystal grain is set uniformly to increase, the quality of perovskite thin film is improved, so as to substantially increase the photoelectric transformation efficiency of perovskite battery；Perovskite light-absorption layer prepared by the inventive method can increase substantially battery efficiency, and efficiency increases to above 18% by 15%, and simple and easy to do, and preparation cost is low, has broad application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to perovskite area of solar cell, more particularly to a kind of perovskite for adulterating lead acetate trihydrate is too
Positive energy battery and preparation method.
Background technology
Current world economy society is fast-developing, constantly increases for the demand of the energy, has reached in human history always
The speed do not crossed.With the continuous consumption of traditional fossil energy, energy crisis has become the bottle for restricting socio-economic development
Neck.More countries are sought for more cheap clean energy resource, reduce the consumption to traditional fossil energy.And photo-thermal, photoelectricity and
In three kinds of energy conversions of photochemical energy, photovoltaic energy conversion is most popular, and the photovoltaic industry especially expedited the emergence of is also into most prospect
Industry.
The research of perovskite solar cell turns into the focus studied now.Organic metal halide perovskite material ABX3
There is some following advantage compared with traditional light absorbing material：With the higher absorption coefficient of light, absorber thickness can be reduced, is subtracted
Small photo-generated carrier transmission range, reduce compound；Play a part of absorbing light simultaneously and transmit carrier.ABX3As absorption
The perovskite solar cell of layer, there is the most bloom of longer electron hole diffusion length, at present perovskite solar cell
Electric transformation efficiency has been over 22%.
The influence of the main receptor 1 activity layer film forming crystalline quality of efficiency of perovskite solar cell, it is desirable to enough thickness as far as possible
It is enough thin to promote the migration of carrier again while to absorb more incident lights.And the factor of calcium titanium ore bed is influenceed,
Such as：Film thickness, roughness and coverage rate etc., directly affect transporting for carrier.Optimize film forming and crystallization, regulate and control each interlayer
Interracial contact, finally improve electricity conversion.But because perovskite is high to environmental requirement, preparing perovskite extinction film
When a large amount of defects occur, increase the spot of electron hole.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of perovskite for adulterating lead acetate trihydrate
Solar cell and preparation method, the perovskite solar cell have a uniformly continuous, the film of highly crystalline, few defect, and
There is good contact interface with hole transmission layer, so as to accelerate the separation of electron hole.
A kind of perovskite solar cell for adulterating lead acetate trihydrate of the present invention as shown in figure 1, wrap successively from bottom to top
Include 5 substrates and transparency electrode, 4 electron transfer layers, 3 perovskite light-absorption layers, 2 hole transmission layers and 1 metal electrode.
Further, the substrate is glass or flexiplast；The material of the transparency electrode is fluorine tin-oxide
(FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminium zinc oxide.
Further, the material of the transparency electrode is the Ω of resistance 14, the fluorine tin-oxide (FTO) of transmitance 90%.
Further, the electron transfer layer is metal-oxide film, and the metal oxide is tin oxide or dioxy
Change titanium, the electron transfer layer film thickness can be 10nm~100nm.
Further, the metal oxide is uniformly spin-coated in the transparency electrode, be heat-treated, produced described
Electron transfer layer；Heat treatment temperature is 100 DEG C~150 DEG C.
Further, the perovskite light-absorption layer is made by the following method：By molar percentage 1%-10% three water
Close lead acetate ((CH3COO)2Pb·3H2O) addition is spin-coated on electric transmission in perovskite precursor solution using anti-solvent method
On layer, then it is thermally treated resulting on hot plate, the thickness of the perovskite light-absorption layer is 100~1000nm.
Further, it is 3% that the molar percentage of the lead acetate trihydrate ((CH3COO) 2Pb3H2O) is optimal, heat
Treatment temperature is 80 DEG C~150 DEG C, and the anti-solvent is toluene, chlorobenzene or methyl ether.
Further, the hole transmission layer be Spiro-MeOTAD (2,2 ', 7,7 '-four bromo- 9,9 '-spiral shell two, three (4-
Iodobenzene) amine), PTAA (poly- [double (4- phenyl) (2,4,6- trimethylphenyls) amine]), P3HT (3- hexyls substituting polythiophene), TAPC
(benzene Diglycocol), the thickness of the hole transmission layer is 100~400nm.
Further, the metal electrode is gold or silver, and thickness is 50nm~100nm.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method for the perovskite solar cell for adulterating lead acetate trihydrate, including such as
Lower step：
Step 1: prepare perovskite solution：By PbI2(lead iodide) and CH3NH3I (methylamine iodine), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO))
By 1:1:1mol% is dissolved in DMF (dimethylformamide)；Add molar percentage 1%-10% lead acetate trihydrate
((CH3COO)2Pb·3H2O), 4h is stirred at 60 DEG C to be completely dissolved in clear yellow solution to it, it is standby to be cooled to room temperature；
Step 2: from FTO as transparent electrode substrate, and ethanol is used respectively, and acetone, isopropanol, deionized water cleaning,
And handled 10 minutes with UV ozone cleaning machine；
Step 3: the preparation of SnO 2 thin film electron transfer layer：Speed by the tin oxide prepared by 3000r.p.m,
Time is 15s, is spin-coated on transparency electrode FTO, and the oxide layer of densification is formed it into 150 DEG C of heating 30min of hot plate；
Step 4: the preparation of perovskite light-absorption layer：The perovskite solution that step 1 prepares is revolved with " one-step method "
Apply, anti-solvent chlorobenzene, rotating speed 4000r.p.m, spin coating 25s, obtain the thick perovskite thin films of 400nm, be then put into hot plate
100 DEG C of heating 20min are changed into dark-brown to film from light yellow；
Step 5: the preparation of hole transmission layer：By the perovskite thin film obtained in step 4 be cooled to after room temperature with
3000r.p.m rotating speed spin coating 30s forms the thick hole transmission layer Spiro-MeOTAD (2,2 ', 7,7 '-four of 100nm~150nm
Bromo- 9,9 '-spiral shell two, three (4- iodobenzenes) amine)；
Step 6: the preparation of metal electrode：When vacuum cavity vacuum reaches 5 × 10-4After Pa, by step 1 to five
Au layers thick thermal evaporation 100nm on the sample of processing.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：Calcium titanium is improved by adding lead acetate trihydrate in perovskite precursor solution
The performance of ore deposit；The performance and the quality of its perovskite thin film of a kind of solar cell of high quality are closely related, preferable calcium
Titanium ore film should be that uniformly continuous possesses big crystal grain, few defect and has good contact interface with hole transmission layer；The present invention
Super smooth perovskite thin film can be obtained by the use of lead acetate as lead source, superfluous lead can also be passivated crystal boundary, and it is empty to reduce electronics
Cave it is compound；And grain crystalline degree is favorably improved in annealing process, and then improves the energy of perovskite solar cell
Conversion efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 show a kind of structural representation for the perovskite solar cell for adulterating lead acetate trihydrate of the embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 2 show the photoelectric transformation efficiency figure for the lead acetate trihydrate for adding 0% and 3%.
Fig. 3 show the stable state photoluminescence spectrum correlation curve of embodiment and comparative example under AM1.5G illumination.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific accompanying drawing.It should be noted that in following embodiments
The combination of the technical characteristic or technical characteristic of description is not construed as isolated, and they can be mutually combined so as to reach
To superior technique effect.In the accompanying drawing of following embodiments, identical label that each accompanying drawing occurs represent identical feature or
Person's part, it can be applied in different embodiments.
A kind of as shown in figure 1, perovskite solar cell such as Fig. 1 institutes for adulterating lead acetate trihydrate of the embodiment of the present invention
Show, include 5 substrates and transparency electrode, 4 electron transfer layers, 3 perovskite light-absorption layers, 2 hole transmission layers and 1 gold medal successively from bottom to top
Belong to electrode.
Preferably, the substrate is glass or flexiplast；The material of the transparency electrode be fluorine tin-oxide (FTO),
Indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminium zinc oxide.Further preferably, the material of the transparency electrode is the Ω of resistance 14, transmitance
90% fluorine tin-oxide (FTO).
Preferably, the electron transfer layer is metal-oxide film, and the metal oxide is tin oxide (SnO2) or
Titanium dioxide (TiO2), more preferably SnO 2 thin film, the electron transfer layer film thickness can be 10nm~100nm；
Heat treatment temperature is 100 DEG C~150 DEG C；The metal oxide is uniformly spin-coated in the transparency electrode, is heat-treated,
Produce the electron transfer layer.
Preferably, the perovskite light-absorption layer is made by the following method：By molar percentage 1%-10% three hydrations
Lead acetate ((CH3COO)2Pb·3H2O) addition is spin-coated on electron transfer layer in perovskite precursor solution using anti-solvent method
On, then it is thermally treated resulting on hot plate, the thickness of the perovskite light-absorption layer is 300~500nm；Heat treatment temperature is
80 DEG C~150 DEG C, the anti-solvent is toluene, chlorobenzene or methyl ether.Further preferably, the lead acetate trihydrate ((CH3COO)2Pb·3H2O molar percentage) is 3%.
Preferably, the hole transmission layer be Spiro-MeOTAD (2,2 ', 7,7 '-four bromo- 9, (the 4- iodine of 9 '-spiral shell two, three
Benzene) amine), PTAA, P3HT, TAPC, the spin coating rotating speed of the hole transmission layer is 1000~4000r.p.m, the hole transport
The thickness of layer is 100~400nm.
The metal electrode is gold or silver, and thickness is 50nm~100nm.
Below by a manner of comparative example and embodiment further the present invention will be described, wherein, do not mixed in comparative example
Miscellaneous lead acetate trihydrate, and lead acetate trihydrate is adulterated in embodiment.
Comparative example
A kind of preparation method of perovskite solar cell, comprises the following steps：
Step 1: prepare perovskite solution：By PbI2(lead iodide) (lead iodide) and CH3NH3I (methylamine iodine), DMSO (two
Methyl sulfoxide) press 1:1:1mol% is dissolved in DMF (dimethylformamide)；4h is stirred at 60 DEG C to be completely dissolved in clear to it
Clear yellow solution, it is standby to be cooled to room temperature；
Step 2: from FTO as transparent electrode substrate, and ethanol is used respectively, and acetone, isopropanol, deionized water cleaning,
And handled 10 minutes with UV ozone cleaning machine；
Step 3: the preparation of SnO 2 thin film electron transfer layer：Speed by the tin oxide prepared by 3000r.p.m,
Time is 15s, is spin-coated on transparency electrode FTO, and the oxide layer of densification is formed it into 150 DEG C of heating 30min of hot plate；
Step 4: the preparation of perovskite light-absorption layer：The perovskite solution that step 1 prepares is revolved with " one-step method "
Apply, anti-solvent chlorobenzene, rotating speed 4000r.p.m, spin coating 25s, obtain the thick perovskite thin films of 400nm, be then put into hot plate
100 DEG C of heating 20min are changed into dark-brown to film from light yellow；
Step 5: the preparation of hole transmission layer：By the perovskite thin film obtained in step 4 be cooled to after room temperature with
3000r.p.m rotating speed spin coating 30s forms the thick hole transmission layer Spiro-MeOTAD (2,2 ', 7,7 '-four of 100nm~150nm
Bromo- 9,9 '-spiral shell two, three (4- iodobenzenes) amine)；
Step 6: the preparation of metal electrode：When vacuum cavity vacuum reaches 5 × 10-4After Pa, by step 1 to five
Au layers thick thermal evaporation 100nm on the sample of processing.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method for the perovskite solar cell for adulterating lead acetate trihydrate of the present embodiment, step 2 is to four equal
Identical with comparative example, difference is, when perovskite solution is prepared in step 1, adds three hydration vinegar of molar percentage 1%
Lead plumbate ((CH3COO)2Pb·3H2O), 4h is stirred at 60 DEG C to be completely dissolved in clear yellow solution to it, it is standby to be cooled to room temperature
With.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method for the perovskite solar cell for adulterating lead acetate trihydrate of the present embodiment, step 2 is to four equal
Identical with comparative example, difference is, when perovskite solution is prepared in step 1, adds three hydration vinegar of molar percentage 3%
Lead plumbate ((CH3COO) 2Pb3H2O), stirring 4h is completely dissolved in clear yellow solution to it at 60 DEG C, and it is standby to be cooled to room temperature
With.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method for the perovskite solar cell for adulterating lead acetate trihydrate of the present embodiment, step 2 is to four equal
Identical with comparative example, difference is, when perovskite solution is prepared in step 1, adds three hydration vinegar of molar percentage 5%
Lead plumbate ((CH3COO) 2Pb3H2O), stirring 4h is completely dissolved in clear yellow solution to it at 60 DEG C, and it is standby to be cooled to room temperature
With.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method for the perovskite solar cell for adulterating lead acetate trihydrate of the present embodiment, step 2 is to four equal
Identical with comparative example, difference is, when perovskite solution is prepared in step 1, adds three hydration vinegar of molar percentage 7%
Lead plumbate ((CH3COO) 2Pb3H2O), stirring 4h is completely dissolved in clear yellow solution to it at 60 DEG C, and it is standby to be cooled to room temperature
With.
Device performance is tested：
Device in comparative example and embodiment is placed under standard solar simulator, carries out device photovoltaic performance test.
100mW/cm is used in experimentation2Solar simulator (Newport) AM 1.5G illumination under Current Voltage
Measured by Current Voltage instrument (Keithley2400) in air at room temperature.
Fig. 2 is the perovskite solar cell for the lead acetate trihydrate for adding 3% and the solar energy for not adding lead acetate trihydrate
Battery performance comparison diagram.As seen from Figure 2, adulterating 3% lead acetate trihydrate makes perovskite solar cell short circuit current
23.8mA/cm2 is changed into from 22mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage is 1.1v by 1.06v increases, and performance is improved largely.
Fig. 3 is comparative example and embodiment stable state photoluminescence spectrum comparison diagram, and it is to be entered by perovskite thin film in spin-on-glass
Row test obtains；This it appears that with the increase of addition lead acetate trihydrate amount, defect is reduced, when addition is 3%
Defect is minimum, photoluminescence spectrum highest.
Perovskite light-absorption layer of the present invention is doping three obtained by adulterating lead acetate trihydrate in perovskite precursor solution
Hydration lead acetate serves the effect of passivation crystal boundary, so as to inhibit the compound of electron hole, crystal grain is uniformly increased, improves
The quality of perovskite thin film, so as to substantially increase the photoelectric transformation efficiency of perovskite battery；Calcium prepared by the inventive method
Titanium ore light-absorption layer can increase substantially battery efficiency, and efficiency increases to above 18% by 15%, and simple and easy to do, prepare
Cost is low, has broad application prospects
Although having been presented for several embodiments of the present invention herein, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that
Without departing from the spirit of the invention, the embodiments herein can be changed.Above-described embodiment be it is exemplary, no
Restriction that should be using the embodiments herein as interest field of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. it is a kind of adulterate lead acetate trihydrate perovskite solar cell, it is characterised in that from bottom to top successively include substrate,
Transparency electrode, electron transfer layer, perovskite light-absorption layer, hole transmission layer and metal electrode.
2. perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the substrate is glass or flexiplast；
The material of the transparency electrode is fluorine tin-oxide FTO, indium tin oxide ITO or aluminium zinc oxide.
3. perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the material of the transparency electrode is resistance 14
Ω, the fluorine tin-oxide FTO of transmitance 90%.
4. perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the electron transfer layer is metal oxide
Film, the metal oxide are tin oxide or titanium dioxide, and the electron transfer layer film thickness can be 10nm~100nm.
5. perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that be uniformly spin-coated on the metal oxide
In the transparency electrode, it is heat-treated, produces the electron transfer layer；Heat treatment temperature is 100 DEG C~150 DEG C.
6. perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the perovskite light-absorption layer passes through such as lower section
Method is made：By molar percentage 1%-10% lead acetate trihydrate (CH3COO)2Pb·3H2O additions are molten in perovskite presoma
In liquid, using the spin coating of anti-solvent method on the electron transport layer, then it is thermally treated resulting on hot plate, the perovskite extinction
The thickness of layer is 100~1000nm.
7. perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the lead acetate trihydrate (CH3COO)2Pb·3H2O molar percentage is 3%, and heat treatment temperature is 80 DEG C~150 DEG C, and the anti-solvent is toluene, chlorobenzene or first
Ether.
8. perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the hole transmission layer is Spiro-
MeOTAD (2,2 ', 7,7 '-four bromo- 9,9 '-spiral shell two, three (4- iodobenzenes) amine), PTAA (poly- [double (4- phenyl) (2,4,6- trimethyls
Phenyl) amine]), P3HT (3- hexyls substituting polythiophene), TAPC (benzene Diglycocol), the thickness of the hole transmission layer for 100~
400nm。
9. the perovskite solar cell as described in claim any one of 1-8, it is characterised in that the metal electrode for gold or
Silver, thickness are 50nm~100nm.
10. a kind of preparation method for the perovskite solar cell for adulterating lead acetate trihydrate, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1: prepare perovskite solution：By PbI2Lead iodide and CH3NH3I methylamines iodine, DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)s press 1:1:
1mol% is dissolved in DMF dimethylformamides；Add molar percentage 1%-10% lead acetate trihydrate (CH3COO)2Pb·3H2O, stirring 4h is completely dissolved in clear yellow solution to it at 60 DEG C, and it is standby to be cooled to room temperature；
Step 2: from FTO as transparent electrode substrate, and ethanol is used respectively, acetone, isopropanol, deionized water cleaning, it is used in combination
UV ozone cleaning machine is handled 10 minutes；
Step 3: the preparation of SnO 2 thin film electron transfer layer：Speed by the tin oxide prepared by 3000r.p.m, time
For 15s, it is spin-coated on transparency electrode FTO, and the oxide layer of densification is formed it into 150 DEG C of heating 30min of hot plate；
Step 4: the preparation of perovskite light-absorption layer：The perovskite solution that step 1 is prepared carries out spin coating with " one-step method ", instead
Solvent chlorobenzene, rotating speed 4000r.p.m, spin coating 25s, the thick perovskite thin films of 400nm are obtained, are then put into 100 DEG C of hot plate
Heating 20min is changed into dark-brown to film from light yellow；
Step 5: the preparation of hole transmission layer：The perovskite thin film obtained in step 4 is cooled to after room temperature with 3000r.p.m
Rotating speed spin coating 30s formed the thick hole transmission layer Spiro-MeOTAD of 100nm~150nm (2,2 ', 7,7 '-four bromo- 9,9 '-
Spiral shell two, three (4- iodobenzenes) amine)；
Step 6: the preparation of metal electrode：When vacuum cavity vacuum reaches 5 × 10-4After Pa, by step 1 to five processing
Sample on the thick Au layers of thermal evaporation 100nm.
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| CN109065720B (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2022-06-17 | 宁波大学 | Perovskite solar cell with accurately doped crystal boundary and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109065727A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-21 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of perovskite solar battery |
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| CN110707221B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2023-09-01 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | Application of amino acid ionic liquid in preparation of perovskite layer in perovskite photoelectric device |
| CN110767809A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-02-07 | 苏州大学 | Non-halogen lead-doped perovskite film, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110767809B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2023-02-07 | 苏州大学 | Non-halogen lead-doped perovskite film, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113517404A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-10-19 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Perovskite solar cell based on multilayer gradient energy band electron transport layer and preparation method thereof |
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