CN107365349B - 一种孜然种子多肽部位的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种孜然种子多肽部位的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107365349B CN107365349B CN201710684032.1A CN201710684032A CN107365349B CN 107365349 B CN107365349 B CN 107365349B CN 201710684032 A CN201710684032 A CN 201710684032A CN 107365349 B CN107365349 B CN 107365349B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种孜然种子多肽部位的制备方法及其应用,该方法是由孜然种子粉,采用先粉粹脱脂,利用乙醇提取,反相碳18色谱柱纯化,最后由离子交换树脂分离技术制备总多肽部位,再利用冷冻干燥精制而成的孜然种子多肽粉,该孜然种子多肽粉部位被验证具有抗细菌和真菌活性。不但具有广泛的抗微生物活性,而且具有一定的抗氧化和降血糖活性,同时具有增强体液免疫及全身免疫的功能,富含人体易消化和吸收的纯天然植物来源多肽和蛋白质。该孜然种子多肽粉部位的特点是既保留了孜然种子多肽蛋白质的同时还实现新疆药用植物资源充分利用的目的;该孜然种子多肽粉作为天然抗菌剂、食品添剂或药物,可用于食品和医药行业。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种孜然种子多肽部位的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
抗生素的发现曾是人类医学史上的一个里程碑。然而,由于抗生素的滥用而不时地引起耐药菌的出现,而且出现的频率超过新型抗生素的开发速度,使得许多曾经高度有效的抗生素药物失效,以至于给感染性疾病的治疗带来诸多新的问题,传统抗生素的使用正面临着严峻的挑战。研究和应用无毒、无公害、无耐药的新型抗菌制剂替代抗生素已成发展趋势。
植物在生长过程中每天要与环境中几百万种的病原菌接触,随时都可能遭受微生物的侵袭,而植物没有象哺乳动物那样特异的免疫系统,因而非特异的天然免疫体系对植物起着重要的保护作用。人们发现,生物受到微生物感染后,迅速、大量产生具有抗菌活性的小分子多肽(即抗菌肽)参与机体免疫。抗菌肽几乎是所有生物中都有的重要免疫分子,是植物非特异天然免疫体系的重要组成部分。目前已从微生物、植物、昆虫、节肢动物、两栖动物、哺乳动物甚至人体内鉴定出上千种抗菌肽,这类抗菌肽在合成机制、氨基酸组成和作用机制等方面不同于传统的微生物(包括细菌、真菌和链霉菌等)产生的多肽类抗生素。抗菌肽作为传统抗生素的可能替代物以其无比优越的特性越来越成为人们关注的热点。目前,抗菌肽的研究和开发已成为国内外研究的热点之一。抗菌肽具有广谱抗菌和其它优良的特性,与它自身的结构特点密不可分。
传统抗生素是通过消除微生物生长或生存必需的功能,如阻挠细菌蛋白质的合成或者改变酶的活性来达到杀菌目的,而细菌通过改变一种基因就足以对付抗生素的这种进攻。抗菌肽则作用于细菌细胞膜,导致膜的通透性增大,以此穿透、杀灭细菌。细菌必须改变膜的结构,即改变相当部分的基因才能防御抗菌肽的进攻,而这几乎是不可能的。因此,抗菌肽极大地减少了产生耐药性的可能,这也是与抗生素相比的一大优势。抗菌肽对正常的真核细胞几乎没有杀伤作用,只作用于原核细胞和发生病变的真核细胞。
目前食品工业中的防腐剂主要以山梨酸、苯甲酸及其盐类等化学合成剂为主,此类化合物容易在加工过程中超标而对人体造成危害。抗菌肽用作食品防腐保鲜剂不仅具有广谱抗菌活性、有效杀灭霉腐微生物,而且抗菌肽分子量较小、热稳定性强、水溶性好、无免疫原性、对人无毒副作用,另外抗菌肽在人体内还可以被蛋白酶降解,双重安全的保证使得抗菌肽在食品工业领域逐渐显示出广阔的应用前景。
医药工业是抗菌肽应用最为广泛和最有前途的行业,随着抗生素的长期广泛应用,许多病源菌对它们产生了耐药性,抗生素添加剂的使用则严重破坏了动物肠道的微生物平衡,且易在动物体内残留,严重影响畜产品质量和人类健康,而具有广谱抗菌且有独特抗菌机制的抗菌肽显然在这方面的应用研究中具有明显优势。随着人们对抗菌肽结构与活性的关系、抗菌肽作用机制及其基因表达调控机制认识的不断深入,将抗菌肽与病原体表面特异受体结合的配体连接,完全有可能设计出一批能够特异作用于肿瘤、真菌或病毒的高效肽类抗生素、抗肿瘤药物、抗病毒药物,使人类摆脱此类疾病的折磨,给医药卫生的发展和疾病治疗带来不可估量的现实意义。
癌症是人类疾病中的一大难题,目前使用的化疗药物能杀死癌细胞,但也同时杀死人体内正常细胞,副作用极大。抗菌肽能抑制某些肿瘤细胞的生长而对人体正常细胞无害,极有可能成为无毒或低毒的抗肿瘤新药,这给抗癌药物的开发带来了希望。
抗菌肽在化妆品上用作防腐剂,鱼类抗菌肽不仅是营养成分,更重要的是它的抗菌和美容作用,比化学防腐剂用于化妆品具有独特的优势和广泛的市场潜力。
抗菌肽在农业和畜牧业中的应用:抗菌肽作为饲料添加剂普通抗生素的作用具有专一性,而且容易使机体产生抗药性,导致产生的作用效果不佳。抗菌肽不仅具有广谱抗菌作用,而且对畜禽具有促生长、保健和治疗疾病的功能,属无毒副作用、无残留、无致细菌耐药性的一类环保型制剂,可作为畜禽饲料添加剂取代或部分取代目前饲养动物所用的抗生素,减少抗生素对动物体的危害以及减少动物养殖中对药物的依赖。
抗菌肽在植物领域的研究与应用:植物病害多达数百种,几乎所有作物在生长期内都会遭到不同程度的危害,培育抗病新品种是防治植物病害的根本途径。抗菌肽具有广谱杀菌效果及不易引起病原微生物产生耐药性等优点。因而,将抗菌肽基因转入农作物,是培育作物抗病新品种的有效策略。
研究显示已经从食物蛋白中分离到一些具有抗氧化能力的多肽,并且它们的抗氧化活性广泛的被研究。和酶抗氧化剂相比,在不同的条件下,抗氧化肽结构简单、比较稳定没有毒副作用。而且,它们不仅具有抗氧化活性,还具有营养价值和功能特性。
本发明通过研究表明,孜然种子中含有丰富的多肽类成分。目前新疆孜然种植面积已超过140万亩,年产10万吨孜然种子产品,资源丰富,将这一资源利用起来,将极大促进孜然科技附加值。因此,提取孜然种子粉中多肽,结合孜然种子丰富的营养成分开发具有抗微生物功能的多肽粉是很有现实意义。
发明内容
本发明目的在于,提供一种孜然种子多肽部位的制备方法及其应用,该方法采用孜然种子粉,先粉粹脱脂,利用乙醇提取,反相碳18色谱柱纯化离子交换树脂分离酸性、中性、碱性多肽,用葡聚糖凝胶-25脱盐,最后由高效液相色谱法和二位电泳制备总多肽部位及多肽单体,再利用现代喷雾干燥技术或冷冻干燥精制而成的孜然种子多肽粉。通过本发明所述方法获得的孜然种子多肽部位具有抗细菌、抗真菌等生物活性,在医药、食品领域具有很好的应用前景。提取方法与传统方法比较试剂简单,成本低廉,材料可循环使用等,
本发明所述的一种孜然种子多肽部位的制备方法,该方法以孜然种子粉为原料,具体操作按下列步骤进行:
a、取孜然种子粉,按料液重量比为1∶5加入石油醚,在室温下搅拌2-3小时,反复提取3-4次至未有油脂提取出为止,抽滤,合并沉淀,自然干燥至未有石油醚溶剂残留为止,得到脱脂的孜然种子粉;
b、将步骤a中充分脱脂的孜然种子粉按料液重量比为1∶5加入浓度为50%乙醇,在室温下搅拌提取2-3小时,每次提取3-4次,减压抽滤,合并提取液,分离杂物,得到多肽粗提取溶液,备用;
c、将步骤b中得到的多肽粗提取溶液,利用蒸馏水稀释至浓度为10%-20%的乙醇溶液,将稀释的提取溶液上已用10%-20%的乙醇平衡好的反相碳18色谱柱,流速为3ml/min,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱,用浓度为30%、50%或70%乙醇洗脱,得到粗多肽30%、50%或70%部位:
d、将步骤c得到的粗多肽各部位利用旋转蒸发仪浓缩至无乙醇溶液残留后分别冷冻干燥,压力10Pa,温度-82℃,得到孜然种子30%、50%或70%乙醇洗脱部位;
e、将步骤d得到的多肽各部位溶解于pH 8磷酸缓冲溶液0.05mmol/L,10000转/min离心10分钟,取上清液,上已用浓度为0.05mmol/L pH 8磷酸缓冲溶液平衡的琼脂糖凝胶阴离子交换树脂色谱柱,流速为3ml/min,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱回收阴离子交换树脂琼脂糖凝胶未结合部位;
f、将步骤e得到的回收液阴离子交换树脂琼脂糖凝胶未结合部位pH调为6,上已用浓度为0.05mmol/L pH 6磷酸缓冲溶液平衡的阳离子交换树脂色谱柱,流速为3ml/min,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱后回收阳离子未结合部位,将得到的洗脱回收液阳离子未结合部位采用截留分子量为1ka的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,取得孜然种子粗多肽30%、50%或70%洗脱部位的中性多肽;
g、将步骤e洗脱后的琼脂糖凝胶阴离子交换树脂的柱子以浓度为0.5mol/L pH8的磷酸缓冲溶液加入氯化钠洗脱液洗脱回收阴离子结合部位,采用截留分子量为1kaa的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,取得30%、50%或70%乙醇洗脱部位的孜然种子酸性多肽;
h、将步骤f得到的阳离子交换树脂色谱柱结合部位以浓度为0.5mol/L pH6的磷酸缓冲溶液加入氯化钠洗脱液洗脱回收阳离子结合部位,采用截留分子量为1KDa的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,取得孜然种子粗多肽30%、50%或70%乙醇洗脱部位的碱性多肽;
i、将得到的孜然种子30%、50%或70%乙醇洗脱部位分离后的酸性、中性或碱性多肽溶解于纯净水中,上分别已用浓度为100mg/ml纯净水平衡好的葡聚糖凝胶-25色谱柱脱盐,温度42℃浓缩回收,冷冻干燥、包装得到孜然种子多肽粉。
所述方法获得的孜然种子多肽粉在制备抗细菌、抗真菌生物活性的药物中的用途。
所述方法获得的孜然种子多肽粉在制备食品添加剂中的用途。
本发明所述的一种孜然种子多肽部位的制备方法,该方法中的孜然种子的化学成份:果实中含芹菜素-5-O-吡喃葡萄糖甙,芹菜素-7-O-吡喃葡萄糖甙,木犀草素-7-O-吡喃葡萄糖甙;
果实中还含挥发油2%-5%;对-聚伞花素,α、β-蒎烯,枯醇,枯醛,α、β-水芹烯,紫苏醛,α-松油醇,丁香酚,月桂烯,α、γ-松油烯,柠檬烯,桉叶素,对-3-孟烯-7-醛,1,3-对-二烯-7-醛,1,4-对-孟二烯-7-醛,香叶醛,水芹醛,丁香烯,β-金合欢烯,β-甜没药烯;
孜然种子脂类成分含中性脂类84.8%,糖脂10.1%,磷脂5.1%,其中,磷脂的主发成分为磷脂酰已醇胺和磷脂酰胆碱;
孜然种子脂肪中含少量△5,6-十八碳烯酸;
孜然种子中有五种主要分:β-蒎烯、对-聚伞花素、α-松烯、枯醛、1,3-对-二烯-7-醛,和少量的α-蒎烯、α-松油醇、紫苏醛、枯醇、β-水芹烯、二戊烯,共含挥发油3%-5%;
种子含粗蛋白,内有18种氨基酸,其中8种为必需氨基酸;还含有14种黄酮甙,其中7种甙元为芹菜素,5种甙元为木犀草素,2种甙元为金圣草素;
孜然种子尚含有多种无机元素:钾、钠、氯、铁、锰、铬、铷、溴,铜、镍、钴,铝、钡、锂、硅、钛等等。此外,孜然种子还含胆碱。
通过本发明所述方法获得的孜然种子多肽粉主要由分子量为:3333.52,4250.82,3361.56,1570.3,1569.28,3291.51,3455.61,3122.67,3121.64,2498.12,2497.12,2499.11,2498.1,1221.72,1396.09,1202.19,1373.78,2499.1,1061.53,1222.01,3645.15,2479.1,3644.12,1396.42,1202.39,1374.01,1221.99,1396.39,4791.62,4927,5328.15,6587.89,7487.04,7786.13,1570.56,1569.57,1086.14,1221.74,1396.16,9766.79,1338.34,1561.22,1336.08,1558.58,9346.21,9768.46,1240.45,1417.51,4958.1,1221.81,1396.2,9767.13,5445.23,5445.23,1083.22,926.36,1070.55,1240.31,1373.99,1417.36,9915.23,9396.89,1338.37,1561.28,9362.48,1221.99,1396.41,9582.92,1240.44,1417.51,9916.17,1085.89,1066.4,1083.23,1070.6,1296.51,6377.29,6478.38,1221.98,1396.39Da等60的多种多肽密集共存的部位,该孜然种子多肽部位被验证其抗细菌和真菌活性,不但是具有广泛的抗微生物活性,而且具有一定的抗氧化和降血糖活性,同时具有增强体液免疫及全身免疫的功能,富含人体易消化和吸收的纯天然植物来源多肽和蛋白质。该孜然种子多肽粉部位的特点是既保留了孜然种子多肽蛋白质的同时还实现变废为宝和资源充分利用的目的;该孜然种子多肽粉作为天然抗菌剂、食品添剂或药物,可用于食品和医药行业。
本发明所述的一种孜然种子多肽部位的制备方法及其应用,该孜然种子多肽粉的原料是由孜然种子结合多肽类化合物的物理化学性质、结合现代反相柱层析和高效液相色谱法制成的生物活性多肽粉。本发明所述的一种孜然种子多肽部位的制备方法及其应用,该方法得到的多肽是来自孜然种子原料中的游离多肽,与其它制备多肽的方法比较具有尽少使用化学试剂,不需要复杂的提取分离流程,设备简单,易于放大制备等优点;
附图说明
图1为本发明孜然种子30%乙醇洗脱部位酸性多肽的液相色谱-质谱结果图;
图2为本发明孜然种子30%乙醇洗脱部位中性多肽的液相色谱-质谱结果图;
图3为本发明孜然种子30%乙醇洗脱部位碱性多肽的液相色谱-质谱结果图;
图4为本发明孜然种子50%乙醇洗脱部位碱性多肽的液相色谱-质谱结果图;
图5为本发明孜然种子70%乙醇洗脱部位中性多肽的液相色谱-质谱结果图;
图6为本发明多肽抗白色念珠菌活性结果图;
图7为本发明多肽抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性结果图;
图8为本发明抗大肠埃希氏菌活性结果图;
图9为本发明SDS-PA葡聚糖凝胶E电泳图谱,其中1为30%部位;2为50%部位;3为70%部位;4为标准蛋白;5为30%部位酸性多肽;6为30%部位中性多肽;7为30%部位碱性多肽;8为50%部位酸性多肽;9为50%部位中性多肽;10为50%部位碱性多肽。
具体实施方式
实施例1
孜然种子乙醇提取物30%部多肽粉的制备:
a、取孜然种子1000g,用200目筛子清理泥土后低温干燥,控制温度在40℃,将干燥后的孜然种子经粉碎机粉碎,粉碎粒度为200目,得到孜然种子粉,将得到的孜然种子粉按料液重量比为1∶5加入石油醚,在室温下搅拌2小时,反复提取3次至未有油脂提取出来为止,抽滤,合并沉淀,自然干燥至未有石油醚溶剂残留为止,得到脱脂的孜然种子粉811g,油脂186g;
b、将步骤a中充分脱脂的孜然种子粉取811g中加入浓度为50%食用乙醇,料液比为1∶5,在室温下搅拌提取2小时,每次提取3次,减压抽滤,合并提取液,分离杂物,得到多肽粗提取溶液,备用;
c、将步骤b中得到的多肽粗提取溶液,利用蒸馏水稀释至浓度为10%乙醇,将稀释的提取溶液上已用浓度为10%的乙醇平衡好的反相碳18色谱柱(25×250毫米),流速为3ml/min,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱,再用浓度为30%乙醇洗脱,得到粗多肽30%乙醇洗脱部位;
d、将步骤c得到的粗多肽30%乙醇洗脱部位利用旋转蒸发仪浓缩至无乙醇溶液残留后,冷冻干燥,压力10Pa以下,温度-82℃,得到孜然种子粗多肽30%乙醇洗脱部位56.5mg;
e、将步骤d得到的孜然种子粗多肽30%乙醇洗脱部位取2g溶解于pH 8磷酸缓冲溶液0.05mmol/L,10000转/min离心10分钟,取上清液,上已用浓度为0.05毫摩尔每升pH 8磷酸缓冲溶液平衡的琼脂糖凝胶阴离子交换树脂色谱柱(25×250毫米),流速为3毫升/每分钟,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱回收阴离子交换树脂琼脂糖凝胶未结合部位;
f、将步骤e得到的回收液pH调为6,上已用浓度为0.05mmol/L pH 6磷酸缓冲溶液平衡的阳离子交换树脂色谱柱(25×250毫米),流速为3毫升/每分钟,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱后回收阳离子未结合部位,将得到的洗脱回收液阳离子未结合部位采用截留分子量为1ka的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,得到孜然种子粗多肽30%洗脱部位的中性多肽21.76g;
g、将步骤e洗脱后的琼脂糖凝胶阴离子交换树脂的柱子以浓度为0.5mol/L pH8的磷酸缓冲溶液加入氯化钠洗脱液洗脱回收阴离子结合部位,采用截留分子量为1kaa的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,得到30%乙醇洗脱部位的孜然种子酸性多肽17.71g;
h、将步骤f得到的阳离子交换树脂色谱柱(25×250毫米)结合部位以浓度为0.5mol/L pH6的磷酸缓冲溶液加入氯化钠洗脱液洗脱回收阳离子结合部位,采用截留分子量为1KDa的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,得到孜然种子粗多肽30%洗脱部位的碱性多肽2.86g;
i、将得到的孜然种子30%乙醇洗脱部位分离后的酸性、中性、碱性多肽溶解于纯净水中,上分别已用浓度为100mg/ml纯净水平衡好的葡聚糖凝胶-25色谱柱(25×250毫米)脱盐,温度42℃浓缩回收,冷冻干燥、包装得到孜然种子多肽30%乙醇洗脱部位酸性、中性、碱性多肽粉。
实施例2
孜然种子乙醇提取物50%部多肽粉的制备:
a、取孜然种子1000g,用200目筛子清理泥土后低温干燥,控制温度在40℃,将干燥后的孜然种子经粉碎机粉碎,粉碎粒度为200目,得到孜然种子粉,将得到的孜然种子粉按料液重量比为1∶5加入石油醚,在室温下搅拌2小时,反复提取3次至未有油脂提取出来为止,抽滤,合并沉淀,自然干燥至未有石油醚溶剂残留为止,得到脱脂的孜然种子粉811g,油脂186g;
b、将步骤a中充分脱脂的孜然种子粉取811g中加入浓度为50%食用乙醇,料液比为1∶5,在室温下搅拌提取2小时,每次提取3次,减压抽滤,合并提取液,分离杂物,得到多肽粗提取溶液,备用;
c、将步骤b中得到的多肽粗提取溶液,利用蒸馏水稀释至乙醇浓度为15%,将稀释的提取溶液上已用浓度为15%的乙醇平衡好的反相碳18色谱柱(25×250毫米),流速为3毫升/每分钟,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱,然后先用30%乙醇洗脱,再用浓度为50%乙醇洗脱,得到粗多肽50%乙醇洗脱部位;
d、将步骤c得到的粗多肽50%乙醇洗脱部位利用旋转蒸发仪浓缩至无乙醇溶液残留后,冷冻干燥,压力10Pa以下,温度-82℃,得到孜然种子粗多肽50%乙醇洗脱部位52.1g;
e、将步骤d得到的孜然种子粗多肽50%乙醇洗脱部位取2g溶解于浓度为0.05毫摩尔每升pH 8磷酸缓冲溶液,10000转/每分钟离心10分钟,取上清液,上已用浓度为0.05毫摩尔每升pH 8磷酸缓冲溶液平衡的琼脂糖凝胶阴离子交换树脂色谱柱(25×250毫米),流速为3毫升/每分钟,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱回收阴离子交换树脂琼脂糖凝胶未结合部位;
f、将步骤e得到的洗脱回收液阴离子交换树脂琼脂糖凝胶未结合部位pH值调为6,上已用浓度为0.05毫摩尔每升pH 6磷酸缓冲溶液平衡的阳离子交换树脂色谱柱(25×250毫米),流速为3毫升/每分钟,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱后回收阳离子未结合部位,将洗脱回收液阳离子未结合部位采用截留分子量为1KDa的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,得到孜然种子粗多肽50%洗脱部位的中性多肽12.35g;
g、将步骤e洗脱后的琼脂糖凝胶阴离子交换树脂色谱柱(25×250毫米)以浓度为0.5摩尔每升pH8的磷酸缓冲溶液加入氯化钠洗脱液洗脱回收阴离子结合部位,将回收阴离子结合部位采用截留分子量为1KDa的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,得到50%乙醇洗脱部位的孜然种子酸性多肽17.39g;
h、将步骤f得到的阳离子交换树脂色谱柱(25×250毫米)结合部位以浓度为0.5摩尔每升pH6的磷酸缓冲溶液加入氯化钠洗脱液洗脱回收阳离子结合部位,将回收阳离子结合部位采用截留分子量为1ka的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,得到孜然种子粗多肽50%洗脱部位的碱性多肽5.35g;
i、将分别得到的孜然种子50%乙醇洗脱部位分离后的酸性、中性、碱性多肽溶解于纯净水中,分别上已用浓度为100毫克/毫升纯净水平衡好的葡聚糖凝胶-25色谱柱(25×250毫米)脱盐,温度42℃浓缩回收,冷冻干燥、包装得到孜然种子多肽50%乙醇洗脱部位酸性、中性、碱性多肽粉。
实施例3
孜然种子乙醇提取物70%部位多肽粉的制备:
a、取孜然种子1000g,用200目筛子清理泥土后低温干燥,控制温度在40℃,将干燥后的孜然种子经粉碎机粉碎,粉碎粒度为200目,得到孜然种子粉,将得到的孜然种子粉按料液重量比为1∶5加入石油醚,在室温下搅拌2小时,反复提取3次至未有油脂提取出来为止,抽滤,合并沉淀,自然干燥至未有石油醚溶剂残留为止,得到脱脂的孜然种子粉811g,油脂186g;
b、将步骤a中充分脱脂的孜然种子粉取811g加入浓度为50%食用乙醇,料液比为1∶5,在室温下搅拌提取2小时,每次提取3次,减压抽滤,合并提取液,分离杂物,得到多肽粗提取溶液,备用;
c、将步骤b中得到的多肽粗提取溶液,利用蒸馏水稀释至浓度为20%乙醇,将稀释的提取溶液上已用浓度为20%的乙醇,流速为3毫升/每分钟,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱平衡好的反相碳18色谱柱(25×250毫米),然后分别用30%、50%乙醇洗脱,再用浓度为70%乙醇洗脱,得到粗多肽70%乙醇洗脱部位;
d、将步骤c得到的粗多肽70%乙醇洗脱部位利用旋转蒸发仪浓缩至无乙醇溶液残留后,冷冻干燥,压力10Pa以下,温度-82℃,得到孜然种子粗多肽70%乙醇洗脱部位7.3g;
e、将步骤d得到的孜然种子粗多肽70%乙醇洗脱部位取2g溶解于浓度为0.05毫摩尔每升pH 8磷酸缓冲溶液,10000转/每分钟离心10分钟,取上清液,上已用浓度为0.05毫摩尔每升pH 8磷酸缓冲溶液平衡的琼脂糖凝胶阴离子交换树脂色谱柱(25×250毫米),流速为3毫升/每分钟,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱回收阴离子交换树脂琼脂糖凝胶未结合部位;
f、将步骤e得到的洗脱回收液阴离子交换树脂琼脂糖凝胶未结合部位pH值调为6,上已用浓度为0.05毫摩尔每升pH 6磷酸缓冲溶液平衡的阳离子交换树脂色谱柱(25×250毫米),流速为3毫升/每分钟,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱后回收阳离子未结合部位,将洗脱回收液阳离子未结合部位采用截留分子量为1KDa的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,得到孜然种子粗多肽70%洗脱部位的中性多肽3.30g;
g、将步骤e洗脱后的琼脂糖凝胶阴离子交换树脂色谱柱(25×250毫米)以浓度为0.5摩尔每升pH8的磷酸缓冲溶液加入氯化钠洗脱液洗脱回收阴离子结合部位,将回收阴离子结合部位采用截留分子量为1KDa的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,得到70%乙醇洗脱部位的孜然种子酸性多肽3.15g;
h、将步骤f得到的阳离子交换树脂色谱柱(25×250毫米)结合部位以浓度为0.5摩尔每升pH6的磷酸缓冲溶液加入氯化钠洗脱液洗脱回收阳离子结合部位,将回收阳离子结合部位采用截留分子量为1ka的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,得到孜然种子粗多肽70%洗脱部位的碱性多肽0.45g;
i、将分别得到的孜然种子50%乙醇洗脱部位分离后的酸性、中性、碱性多肽溶解于纯净水中,分别上已用浓度为100毫克/毫升纯净水平衡好的葡聚糖凝胶-25色谱柱(25×250毫米)脱盐,温度42℃浓缩回收,冷冻干燥、包装得到孜然种子多肽50%乙醇洗脱部位酸性、中性、碱性多肽粉。
实施例4
将实施例1-3任意一种孜然种子多肽粉的抗菌活性筛选结果证实:
从SDS-PA葡聚糖凝胶E电泳分析结果证实,该部位的多肽主要分布于分量4.1ka-10ka之间的区域;液相色谱-质谱技术进一步证实该多肽部位是由分量:4002.5,4151.3,4037.43Da、4191.8Da,4276.8Da,4249.63Da,4346.2Da,4426.8Da,4459.3Da,4531.55.8Da、4614.15D4a、5100.29Da、5168.98Da、5383.8.2Da、5485.2Da,5876.8Da,6267.6Da,6403.1Da,7023.8Da、7923.5.57Da,7934.21Da和7604.3Da等20的多种多肽密集共存的部位;
该部位均对以下几个菌株具有很好抑制活性:CA(白色念珠菌):Candidaalbicans ATCC10231;EC(大肠埃希氏菌):E.coli ATCC11229;SA(金黄色葡萄球菌):Staphylococcus aurous ATCC6538;
该孜然种子多肽粉被验证其抗细菌和真菌活性,该孜然种子多肽部位不但是具有广泛的抗微生物活性,而且具有一定的抗氧化和降血糖活性,同时具有增强体液免疫及全身免疫的功能,富含人体易消化和吸收的纯天然植物来源多肽和蛋白质,既保留了孜然种子多肽蛋白质的同时还实现变废为宝和资源充分利用。
实施例5
本发明的活性筛选方法为:穴孔抑菌筛选法:
穴孔抑菌操作:
1.融化琼脂培养基,待其温度降至46±0.5℃,加入已培养好的菌液,使试验菌悬液浓度为5×105cfu/ml-5×106cfu/ml,倒平皿,15-20ml/皿,放置20分钟,使其凝固;
2.用琼脂打孔器打孔,直径为5-6mm,4-5孔/皿,均匀分布,各样片中心之间相距25mm以上,与平板的周缘相距15mm;
3.样品浓度为100m葡聚糖凝胶/ml(100mM);每孔加样品溶液20μl,盖好平皿,置于温度37℃培养箱30-60分钟,使溶液完全被吸收,倒置培养16h-18h,用游标卡尺测量抑菌环的直径并记录;
4.评价:抑菌作用的判断:抑菌环直径大于7mm者,判为有抑菌作用,抑菌环直径小于或等于7mm者,判为无抑菌作用。
实施例6
蛋白质含量的测定:利用二喹啉甲酸(bicinchoninic acid,BCA)法测定实施1-3所孜然种子多肽的蛋白质含量:
标准曲线的绘制:根据BCA蛋白测量试剂盒说明书操作配制工作液,每50倍体积的BCA试剂A溶液加1倍体积的BCA试剂B溶液,充分混匀备用;根据表1吸取试剂盒中蛋白标准品牛血清蛋白,用水稀释,摇匀;各管分别取25μL于96孔板中,各加入175μL BCA工作液,轻微振荡,混匀,于温度37℃恒温箱中温育30min;取出96孔板,用酶标仪测定吸光度,测定波长为562nm;每个做三组平行,以吸光度为纵坐标,蛋白质浓度为横坐标进行回归运算;
表1系列稀释牛血清白蛋白(BSA)标准品
样品的测定:精确称取2.5mg样品,加入1mL蒸馏水溶解,10000转/分离心2min,按照标准曲线操作方法,取25μL样品溶液于96孔板中,各加入175μL BCA工作液,轻微振荡,混匀,于温度37℃恒温箱中温育30min,取出96孔板,用酶标仪测定吸光度,测定波长为562nm,每个样品做三组平行;按照标准曲线计算蛋白质的含量;
实验结果:由表2可知,不同浓度的乙醇洗脱部位所获得的提取物蛋白质含不同,30%乙醇洗脱部位的所得提取物蛋白含量高;其中30%乙醇洗脱部位的中性多肽提取率最高,可达21.76g,占提取物的38.51%;
表2自然种子多肽蛋白含量及提取率
实施例7
蛋白质种类的确定:
试剂配制及样品处理:
样品缓冲液:0.5mL的0.5moL/L的三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸缓冲溶液(pH=6.8)、2mL的10%十二烷基硫酸钠、1mL甘油、0.5mL的β-巯基乙醇、1mL的水、微量的溴酚蓝;
样品的处理:精密称取样品3mg溶于1mL蒸馏水中,摇匀,与样品缓冲液等体积混合,隔水煮沸10min,10000转/分,离心5min;
电极缓冲液:将15.1g三羟甲基氨基甲烷94g甘氨酸、50mL的10%十二烷基硫酸钠溶解并定容至4L;
十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳储存液:30%(W/V)超纯级丙烯酰胺、0.8%(W/V)N,N-亚甲双丙烯酰胺;
10%十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的分离胶配制:2.3mL的H2O、5mL的30%(V/V)聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳储存液、2.5mL的1.5moL/L的三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸缓冲溶(pH=8.8)、0.1mL的10%(W/V)十二烷基硫酸钠、0.1mL的10%(W/V)过硫酸铵、0.004mL的四甲基乙二胺;
5%十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的分离胶配制:3.4mL的H2O、0.83mL的30%(V/V)十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳储存液、0.63mL的1.5moL/L的三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸缓冲溶液(pH=8.8)、0.05mL的10%(W/V)十二烷基硫酸钠、0.05mL的10%(W/V)过硫酸铵、0.005mL的四甲基乙二胺;
电泳条件:恒压75伏,30min,然后恒压150伏,90min;
考马斯亮蓝固定液:25%异丙醇、10%的冰醋酸、65%水;
考马斯亮蓝染色液:将0.6g的考马斯亮蓝R-250溶解在300mL的固定液中,过滤,棕色瓶储存;
考马斯亮蓝脱色液:5%甲醇、7%的冰醋酸、88%水;
电泳结束后将凝胶片置于固定液中固定2h,然后放入考马斯亮蓝染色液中,置于摇床上染色2h,再用脱色液浸泡至背景色褪色完全为止,棕色瓶储存;
考马斯亮蓝脱色液:5%甲醇、7%的冰醋酸、88%水;
电泳结束后将凝胶片置于固定液中固定2h,然后放入考马斯亮蓝染色液中,置于摇床上染色2h,再用脱色液浸泡至背景色褪色完全为止,结果参考图9。
实施例8
融化琼脂培养基,待其温度降至46±0.5℃,加入已培养好的菌液,使试验菌悬液浓度为5×105cfu/ml-5×106cfu/ml,倒平皿,15-20ml/皿,放置20mine使其凝固;
用琼脂打孔器打孔,直径为5-6mm,4-5孔/皿,均匀分布,各样片中心之间相距25mm以上,与平板的周缘相距15mm;
样品浓度为100mg/ml(100mM);每孔加样品溶液20μl,盖好平皿,置于温度37℃培养箱30-60min,使溶液完全被吸收,倒置培养16h-18h,用游标卡尺测量抑菌环的直径并记录;
评价:抑菌作用的判断:抑菌环直径大于7mm者,判为有抑菌作用;抑菌环直径小于或等于7mm者,判为无抑菌作用;
试验结果:由表3和图6-8中可以孜然种子各部位有广谱抗菌活性;部分多肽抗菌活性对白色念球菌和大肠杆菌均有抑制活性,30%乙醇洗脱部位酸性和中性多肽、50%乙醇洗脱部位中性和碱性多肽部分活性较强,这与蛋白含量高低也有一定的剂量关系。
表3多肽部位的抗菌活性结果
当抑制区直径≤7mm时,认为样品没有效果抗菌(水肿):白色念珠菌ATCC10231;大肠杆菌ATCC11229。
Claims (3)
1.一种孜然种子多肽部位的制备方法,其特征在于该方法以孜然种子粉为原料,具体操作按下列步骤进行:
a、取孜然种子粉,按料液重量比为1∶5加入石油醚,在室温下搅拌2-3小时,反复提取3-4次至未有油脂提取出为止,抽滤,合并沉淀,自然干燥至未有石油醚溶剂残留为止,得到脱脂的孜然种子粉;
b、将步骤a中充分脱脂的孜然种子粉按料液重量比为1∶5加入浓度为50%乙醇,在室温下搅拌提取2-3小时,反复提取3-4次,减压抽滤,合并提取液,分离杂物,得到多肽粗提取溶液,备用;
c、将步骤b中得到的多肽粗提取溶液,利用蒸馏水稀释至浓度为10%-20%的乙醇溶液,将稀释的提取溶液上已用10%-20%的乙醇平衡好的反相碳18色谱柱,流速为3ml/min,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱,用浓度为30%、50%或70%乙醇洗脱,得到粗多肽30%、50%或70%部位:
d、将步骤c得到的粗多肽各部位利用旋转蒸发仪浓缩至无乙醇溶液残留后分别冷冻干燥,压力10Pa,温度-82℃,得到孜然种子30%、50%或70%乙醇洗脱部位;
e、将步骤d得到的孜然种子30%、50%或70%乙醇洗脱部位溶解于pH 8磷酸缓冲溶液0.05mmol/L, 10000转/ min离心10分钟,取上清液,上已用浓度为0.05 mmol/L pH 8磷酸缓冲溶液平衡的琼脂糖凝胶阴离子交换树脂色谱柱,流速为3ml/min,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱回收阴离子交换树脂琼脂糖凝胶未结合部位;
f、将步骤e 得到的阴离子交换树脂琼脂糖凝胶未结合部位回收液的pH调为6,上已用浓度为0.05 mmol/L pH 6磷酸缓冲溶液平衡的阳离子交换树脂色谱柱,流速为3 ml/min,在紫外检测仪280纳米下进行洗脱后回收阳离子交换树脂未结合部位,将得到的阳离子交换树脂未结合部位洗脱回收液采用截留分子量为1kDa的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,取得孜然种子粗多肽30%、50%或70%乙醇洗脱部位的中性多肽;
g、将步骤e洗脱后的琼脂糖凝胶阴离子交换树脂的柱子以浓度为0.5mol/L pH8的磷酸缓冲溶液加入氯化钠洗脱液洗脱回收阴离子交换树脂结合部位,采用截留分子量为1kDa的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,取得孜然种子粗多肽30%、50%或70%乙醇洗脱部位的酸性多肽;
h、将步骤f 得到的阳离子交换树脂色谱柱结合部位以浓度为0.5 mol/L pH6的磷酸缓冲溶液加入氯化钠洗脱液洗脱回收阳离子交换树脂结合部位,采用截留分子量为1KDa的再生纤维素透析袋透析48小时后冷冻干燥,取得孜然种子粗多肽30%、50%或70%乙醇洗脱部位的碱性多肽;
i、将得到的孜然种子粗多肽30%、50%或70%乙醇洗脱部位分离后的酸性、中性或碱性多肽溶解于纯净水中,上分别已用纯净水平衡好的浓度为100mg/ml葡聚糖凝胶-25色谱柱脱盐,温度42℃浓缩回收,冷冻干燥、包装得到孜然种子多肽部位。
2.一种如权利要求1所述方法获得的孜然种子多肽部位在制备抗白色念珠菌、大肠埃希氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌生物活性的药物中的用途。
3.一种如权利要求1所述方法获得的孜然种子多肽部位在制备食品添加剂中的用途。
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