CN107360774B - Dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method, intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization machine and method - Google Patents
Dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method, intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization machine and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107360774B CN107360774B CN201710501826.XA CN201710501826A CN107360774B CN 107360774 B CN107360774 B CN 107360774B CN 201710501826 A CN201710501826 A CN 201710501826A CN 107360774 B CN107360774 B CN 107360774B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, and discloses a dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method, which controls a dynamic proportion fertilizer injection device to control the fertilizer injection amount by utilizing an algorithm, and also discloses an intelligent precision irrigation and fertilizer application machine, which comprises: the invention also discloses an intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization method, which comprises the following steps: the monitoring mechanism monitors the fertilizer, the electric control mechanism controls the proportional fertilizer injection device by adopting a dynamic proportional fertilizer injection method, the precise, efficient and intelligent fertilizer injection is realized, the integration of pressurization, fertilizer injection, filtration and irrigation control is realized, the multifunctional fertilizer injection device has the characteristic of multiple functions, and the mechanization and automation level is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method, an intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization machine and a method.
Background
The utilization rate of the fertilizer in China is only 30% -40%, while the utilization rate of the fertilizer in developing China is generally higher than 60%, and excessive fertilization and low utilization rate of the fertilizer in agriculture become main causes of non-point source pollution and soil quality reduction of agriculture in China, and are problems which need to be solved urgently in developing modern agriculture in China. The vigorous development of the water and fertilizer integration technology is an important strategy for effectively improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and solving the problem of excessive fertilization. The water and fertilizer integration technology of developed countries such as Europe and America is the most advanced, a relatively perfect water and fertilizer integration technical equipment system is formed, the high-end intelligent precision irrigation fertilizer applicator of China basically depends on import, the low-end fertilizer applicator is basically in a simulation stage, autonomous original technology is lacked, and the application and development of the water and fertilizer integration technology of China are severely restricted.
With the development of information technology and control technology, the high-end intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization machine at home and abroad generally adopts a mixed fertilizer tank to mix water and fertilizer, the low-end intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization machine adopts a fertilizer injection pump to inject fertilizer in a fixed proportion, the mixed fertilizer tank structure has low fertilizer injection efficiency, small volume and limited control area, the fertilizer injection pump generally cannot automatically adjust proportion, and the fertilizer injection precision is low. The two types of existing intelligent precise irrigation and fertilizer application machines have the outstanding problems of low fertilizer injection precision, single function and the like, and the development of multifunctional, precise and intelligent automatic proportion-adjustable intelligent precise irrigation and fertilizer application machines is the key point in the future of the technical field.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method, an intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization machine and a method, and solves the outstanding problems of low fertilizer injection precision, single function, low intelligence and the like in the prior art.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
judging whether the conductivity and the pH value need to be adjusted or the irrigation needs to be carried out in a proper amount at the right time;
when the conductivity and the pH value need to be adjusted, monitoring the concentration of the irrigation liquid, and setting the preset value of the concentration of the irrigation liquid, the control precision and the coefficient of the opening of the valve actuator;
real-time judgment
In relation to a, if
Then k is i Multiplied by f and taken as new k i Until when
At this time, k i Opening of the valve actuator when the valve is stable; wherein k is i Representing the opening of the valve actuator, k i =1 denotes the valve actuator is fully open, k i =0 represents the valve actuator being fully closed; f i Representing the preset value of the concentration of the irrigation liquid; f s Represents the concentration of the irrigation liquid; a represents control precision; f represents the coefficient of the opening of the valve actuator;
when irrigation needs to be carried out in a proper amount at proper time, determining the transpiration amount of crops needing irrigation in the whole growth period, the transpiration amount of the crops in the whole growth period, the transpiration coefficient of the crops in the whole growth period, the transpiration amount of the two-time fertilization interval period, the transpiration coefficients of different growth periods, the fertilization amount of the whole growth period and the transpiration amount of the reference crops in the two-time fertilization interval period, and measuring the pipeline flow rate of output irrigation liquid, the maximum fertilizer injection proportion and the fertilizer dilution proportion;
using the formula: t is d ＝ET 0d ×K d ×j d And
calculating T d And s;
setting k i =1, using the formula
B is calculated;
real-time judgment of b and
in a relation of (1), if
Then k is i Multiplied by f and taken as new k i Up to
At this time, k i For the opening of the valve actuator when opening, using the formula
O c ＝O t + b, calculate O c (ii) a Wherein k is i Representing the opening of the valve actuator, k i =1 denotes the valve actuator is fully open, k i =0 represents that the valve actuator is completely closed, f represents the coefficient of the opening degree of the valve actuator, ET represents the transpiration amount of the crop needing irrigation in the whole growth period, j represents the transpiration coefficient of the crop needing irrigation in the whole growth period, ET 0d Represents the amount of transpiration between two fertigations of a reference crop; k is d Coefficient of crop, ET, representing the crop to be irrigated d The amount of transpiration, T, representing the interval between two fertilisations of the crop to be irrigated d Amount of transpiration representing the interval between two fertilisations of the crop to be irrigated, j d Representing transpiration coefficients of crops needing irrigation in different growth periods, S representing the fertilization amount of the crops needing irrigation in the whole growth period, and S representing the fertilization amount; q represents the pipe flow of the output irrigation liquid, Z (k) i ) Represents the maximum fertilizer injection ratio, e represents the fertilizer dilution ratio, b represents the fertilizing time length, c represents the one-time irrigation duration, O t Represents a valve actuator opening time; o is c Representing one valve actuator closing time.
The invention also discloses an intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization machine, which is characterized by comprising:
the dynamic proportion fertilizer injection device comprises a fertilizer application device, a valve and a valve actuator capable of adjusting the opening proportion of the valve in real time, and is used for controlling the flow of fertilizer extracted from the fertilizer tank and mixing an irrigation water source and the fertilizer to form a water-fertilizer solution;
the monitoring mechanism comprises a conductivity sensor, a pH value sensor and a microclimate sensor, wherein the conductivity sensor, the pH value sensor and the microclimate sensor are used for monitoring the conductivity and the pH value of the irrigation liquid and the microclimate environment in which the irrigation liquid is positioned;
the electric control mechanism is in communication connection with the conductivity sensor, the pH value sensor and the microclimate sensor and is electrically connected with the valve actuator, and the electric control mechanism controls the flow of fertilizer injection by driving the valve actuator by using the dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method;
and the driving device is used for driving the irrigation water source, the fertilizer and the transmission of the water and fertilizer solution.
The filter is also provided with a back washing valve, the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor and the back washing valve are all electrically connected with the electric control mechanism, and the electric control mechanism receives data of the second pressure sensor and the third pressure sensor and controls the back washing valve.
Wherein, the fertilizer jar still is equipped with and filters contrary device that ends, filter contrary device that ends and include the filter screen, prevent stifled cap and contrary board that ends.
Wherein, the discharge gate of liquid manure solution divide into first port, second port and third port, first port with monitoring mechanism's pan feeding mouth is connected, the second port with move proportion and annotate fertile device's pan feeding mouth and connect, the third port is used for discharging liquid manure solution, monitoring mechanism's discharge gate with move proportion and annotate fertile device's discharge gate and all be connected with irrigation water source's pan feeding mouth, drive arrangement locates between liquid manure solution's discharge gate and irrigation water source's the pan feeding mouth.
The fertilizer tank is also provided with an air blower and a fertilizer blowing device, the air blower is connected with the fertilizer tank through the fertilizer blowing device, the air blower is electrically connected with the electric control mechanism, and the fertilizer blowing device comprises a flow guide body and a flow guide cone.
The invention also discloses an intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
monitoring the conductivity, the pH value and the microclimate environment of the irrigation liquid, and reporting to an electric control mechanism;
the electric control mechanism controls the valve actuator by utilizing the dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method.
And the electric control mechanism judges and controls the back washing valve to be opened or closed according to the difference value of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor.
(III) advantageous effects
According to the dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method, the intelligent precision irrigation fertilizer applicator and the method, the dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method and the device are adopted, precision, high-efficiency and intelligent fertilizer injection are realized, the integration of pressurization, fertilizer injection, filtration and irrigation control is realized, the multifunctional characteristic is realized, and the mechanization and automation level is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a fertilizer injection control algorithm based on stable output of mixed solution concentration according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the total fertilization dynamic allocation fertilizer injection control algorithm based on crop water consumption in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization machine of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a dynamic proportion fertilizer injection device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the filtration and non-return apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the fertilizer blowing apparatus of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a water pump; 2. a first pressure sensor; 3. a second pressure sensor; 4. a filter; 5. a back flush valve; 6. a second pressure sensor; 7. a flow meter; 8. a conductivity sensor; 9. a pH value sensor; 10. a dynamic proportion fertilizer injection device; 11. a fertilizer can; 12. a filtration and non-return device; 13. a blower; 14. a fertilizer blowing device; 15. an electric control mechanism; 16. a wireless communication mode; 17. a microclimate sensor; 18. a switch; 19. a valve actuator; 20. a fertilizing device; 21. a control algorithm; 22. filtering with a screen; 23. an anti-blocking cap; 24. a check plate; 25. a flow conductor; 26. and (4) a flow guide cone.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 (the steps of adjusting the conductivity and the ph value or timely and properly irrigating and measuring are not shown in the figures), the invention discloses a dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method, which comprises two algorithms:
judging whether the conductivity and the pH value need to be adjusted or the irrigation needs to be carried out in a proper amount at the right time;
(1) When the conductivity and the pH value need to be adjusted (based on a fertilizer injection control algorithm for stable output of the concentration of the mixed solution), monitoring the concentration of the irrigation liquid, and setting the preset value of the concentration of the irrigation liquid, the control precision and the coefficient of the opening of a valve actuator;
as shown in FIG. 1, real-time determination
In relation to a, if
Then k is i Multiplied by f and taken as new k i Until when
When k at this time i Opening of the valve actuator when the valve is stable; wherein k is i Representing the opening of the valve actuator, k i =1 denotes the valve actuator is fully open, k i =0 represents the valve actuator being fully closed; f i Representing the preset value of the concentration of the irrigation liquid; f s Represents the concentration of the irrigation liquid; a represents the control precision; f represents a coefficient of opening of the valve actuator;
(2) When irrigation needs to be carried out in a proper amount at a proper time (based on a total fertilization dynamic allocation fertilizer injection control algorithm of crop water consumption), determining transpiration amount of a crop needing irrigation in a whole growth period, transpiration amount of the crop in the whole growth period, transpiration coefficient of the crop in the whole growth period, transpiration amount of a two-time fertilization interval period, crop coefficient, transpiration amount of the two-time fertilization interval period, transpiration coefficients of different growth periods, fertilization amount of the whole growth period and transpiration amount of a reference crop in the two-time fertilization interval period, and measuring pipeline flow, maximum fertilizer injection proportion and fertilizer dilution proportion of output irrigation liquid;
as shown in fig. 2, using the formula: t is d ＝ET 0d ×K d ×j d And
calculating T d And s;
setting k i =1, using the formula
B is calculated;
real-time judgment of b and
in a relation of (1), if
Then k is i Multiplied by f and taken as new k i Up to
At this time, k i For the opening of the valve actuator when opening, using the formula
O c ＝O t + b, calculate O c (ii) a Wherein k is i Representing the opening of the valve actuator, k i =1 denotes the valve actuator being fully open, k i =0 represents that the valve actuator is completely closed, f represents the coefficient of the opening degree of the valve actuator, ET represents the transpiration amount of the crop needing irrigation in the whole growth period, j represents the transpiration coefficient of the crop needing irrigation in the whole growth period, ET 0d Represents the amount of transpiration between two fertigations of a reference crop; k d Coefficient of crop, ET, representing the crop to be irrigated d The amount of transpiration, T, representing the interval between two fertilisations of the crop to be irrigated d Amount of transpiration representing the interval between two fertilisations of the crop to be irrigated, j d Representing the transpiration coefficients of crops needing irrigation in different growth periods, S representing the fertilization amount of the crops needing irrigation in the whole growth period, and S representing the root causeSecondary fertilizing amount; q represents the pipe flow of the output irrigation liquid, Z (k) i ) Represents the maximum fertilizer injection ratio, e represents the fertilizer dilution ratio, b represents the fertilizing time length, c represents the one-time irrigation duration, O t Represents a valve actuator opening time; o is c Representing one valve actuator closing time. K in the figure w The final opening of the valve actuator.
Specifically, a conductivity sensor and a pH sensor or other measuring tools are used for measuring the solution to calculate F i And F is preset according to the actual irrigation requirement s A and f, executing an algorithm; ET, ET detection by microclimate sensor 0d 、ET d When the data is equal, the flowmeter can measure the flow Q of the pipeline and the known quantity according to the formula T = j × ET, T d ＝j d ×ET d 、ET d ＝ET 0d ×K d And j, then T can be derived d ＝ET 0d ×K d ×j d . And calculating s and b and executing an algorithm.
According to the dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method disclosed by the invention, the opening of the valve actuator is controlled through the electric control mechanism to control the fertilizer application amount, the method is suitable for fertilizer injection control based on stable output of the concentration of the mixed solution and total fertilizer injection dynamic distribution fertilizer injection control based on water consumption of crops, and has the characteristics of precision, high efficiency and intelligent fertilizer injection, so that the labor is saved, and the mechanization and automation levels are improved.
As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the present invention also discloses an intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization machine, comprising:
the dynamic proportion fertilizer injection device 10 comprises a fertilizer application device 20, a valve and a valve actuator 19 capable of adjusting the opening proportion of the valve in real time, and is used for controlling the flow of fertilizer extracted from the fertilizer tank 11 and mixing irrigation water source and the fertilizer to form water-fertilizer solution;
the monitoring mechanism comprises a conductivity sensor 8, a pH value sensor 9 and a microclimate sensor 17, wherein the conductivity sensor 8, the pH value sensor 9 and the microclimate sensor 17 are used for monitoring the conductivity and the pH value of the irrigation liquid and a microclimate environment in which the irrigation liquid is positioned;
the electronic control mechanism 15 is in communication connection with the conductivity sensor 8, the pH value sensor 9 and the microclimate sensor 17, and is electrically connected with the valve actuator 19, and the electronic control mechanism 15 controls the flow rate of fertilizer injection by driving the valve actuator 19 by using the dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method;
and the driving device is used for driving the irrigation water source, the fertilizer and the transmission of the water and fertilizer solution. The driving device can be a water pump 1.
Specifically, a small amount of water flow enters a conductivity sensor 8, a pH value sensor 9 and a microclimate sensor 17 for detection; the detection result is sent to the electric control mechanism 15, the electric control mechanism 15 executes an algorithm according to different conditions and controls the opening degree of the valve actuator 19; part of the water flow enters the fertilizing device 20, and the valve actuator 19 is used for adjusting the amount of the fertilizer extracted from the fertilizer tank 11, discharging the water-fertilizer solution after mixing, and detecting the water-fertilizer solution through the flowmeter 7. The irrigation water source is also provided with a first pressure sensor 2 which transmits monitored information to an electric control mechanism 15, the communication mode of the electric control mechanism 15, a switch 18 and other devices is preferably a wireless communication mode 16, the switch 18 can artificially control the intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization machine to work, and the switch 18 can be an electromagnetic valve or a light-temperature hot-air opening and closing device and the like. The wireless communication mode 16 includes internet/GPRS/Zigbee/WiFi communication modes.
The invention discloses an intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization machine, which adopts a dynamic proportion fertilizer injection device 10, realizes precision, high efficiency and intelligent fertilizer injection, integrates pressurization, fertilizer injection, filtration and irrigation control, has the characteristic of multiple functions, and improves the level of mechanization and automation.
The automatic back-washing device is characterized by further comprising a second pressure sensor 3, a third pressure sensor 6 and a filter 4, wherein the second pressure sensor 3 and the third pressure sensor 6 are respectively arranged at two ends of the filter 4, the filter 4 is further provided with a back-washing valve 5, the second pressure sensor 3, the third pressure sensor and the back-washing valve 5 are all electrically connected with the electric control mechanism 15, and the electric control mechanism 15 receives data of the second pressure sensor 3 and the third pressure sensor and controls the back-washing valve 5. Specifically, the electronic control mechanism 15 determines whether to open the backwash valve 5 according to the difference between the second pressure sensor 3 and the third pressure sensor, so as to recover the purification function of the filter 4, remove the blockage of the filter 4, and reduce the pressure difference between the two ends of the filter 4.
As shown in fig. 6, the fertilizer tank 11 is further provided with a filtering and non-return device 12, and the filtering and non-return device 12 comprises a filter screen 22, an anti-blocking cap 23 and a non-return plate 24. Specifically, the filter screen 22 effectively removes solid particle impurities to prevent blocking of the flow channel, the anti-blocking cap 23 prevents solid fertilizer or large particle substances from entering the fertilizer injection flow channel, and the check plate 24 prevents the flow channel from flowing backwards.
Wherein, the discharge gate of liquid manure solution divide into first port, second port and third port, first port with monitoring mechanism's pan feeding mouth is connected, the second port with move proportion and annotate fertile device 10's pan feeding mouth and connect, the third port is used for discharging liquid manure solution, monitoring mechanism's discharge gate with move proportion and annotate fertile device 10's discharge gate and all be connected with irrigation water source's pan feeding mouth, drive arrangement locates between liquid manure solution's discharge gate and irrigation water source's the pan feeding mouth. The water and fertilizer discharge port is a discharge port for crop irrigation and fertilization. According to the arrangement, pressurization, fertilizer injection, filtration and irrigation control can be integrated by only using one water pump 1, and the multifunctional water pump has the characteristic of multiple functions.
As shown in fig. 1 and 7, the fertilizer tank 11 is further provided with a blower 13 and a fertilizer blowing device 14, the blower 13 is connected with the fertilizer tank 11 through the fertilizer blowing device 14, the blower 13 is electrically connected with the electric control mechanism 15, and the fertilizer blowing device 14 includes a flow guide body 25 and a flow guide cone 26. The blower 13 and the fertilizer blowing device 14 are adopted to accelerate the solid fertilizer to be rapidly and uniformly dissolved in water through active blowing, the fertilizer blowing device 14 is composed of a guide body 25 and a guide cone 26, and the uniform and efficient disturbance of gas to fertilizer particles is guaranteed through streamline design.
Wherein, the filter 4 is a plurality of that sets up side by side, selects the quantity of filter 4 according to irrigation water source's injection flow, can also utilize other filters 4 that set up side by side to filter when certain filter 4 breaks down.
As shown in fig. 4, the invention also discloses an intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
monitoring the conductivity and the pH value of the irrigation liquid and the microclimate environment in which the irrigation liquid is positioned, and reporting the conductivity and the pH value to an electric control mechanism;
the electric control mechanism controls the valve actuator by using the dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method.
The intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization method disclosed by the invention adopts a dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method and a device, realizes precision, high-efficiency and intelligent fertilizer injection, integrates pressurization, fertilizer injection, filtration and irrigation control, has the characteristic of multiple functions, and improves the level of mechanization and automation.
And the electric control mechanism judges and controls the opening or closing of the backwashing valve according to the difference value of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor.
The invention discloses a dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method, an intelligent precision irrigation fertilizer applicator and a method.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an intelligent smart volume fertigation machine which characterized in that includes:
the dynamic proportion fertilizer injection device (10) comprises a fertilizer application device (20), a valve and a valve actuator (19) capable of adjusting the opening proportion of the valve in real time, and is used for controlling the flow of fertilizer extracted from the fertilizer tank (11) and mixing irrigation water source and the fertilizer to form water-fertilizer solution;
the monitoring mechanism comprises a conductivity sensor (8), a pH value sensor (9) and a microclimate sensor (17), wherein the conductivity sensor (8), the pH value sensor (9) and the microclimate sensor (17) are used for monitoring the conductivity and the pH value of the irrigation liquid and the microclimate environment in which the irrigation liquid is located;
the electric control mechanism (15), the electric control mechanism (15) is connected with the conductivity sensor (8), the pH value sensor (9) and the microclimate sensor (17) in a communication mode, and is electrically connected with the valve actuator (19), and the electric control mechanism (15) controls the flow rate of fertilizer injection by driving the valve actuator (19);
the driving device is used for driving the irrigation water source, the fertilizer and the water and fertilizer solution to be transmitted; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the dynamic proportion fertilizer injection device (10) adopts the following dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method to inject fertilizer, and comprises the following steps:
judging whether the conductivity and the pH value need to be adjusted or the irrigation needs to be carried out in a proper amount at the right time;
when the conductivity and the pH value need to be adjusted, monitoring the concentration of the irrigation liquid, and setting the preset value of the concentration of the irrigation liquid, the control precision and the coefficient of the opening of the valve actuator;
real-time judgment
In relation to a, if
Then k is i Multiplied by f and taken as new k i Until when
When k at this time i The opening degree of the valve actuator when the valve is stable; wherein k is i Representing the opening of the valve actuator, k i =1 denotes the valve actuator being fully open, k i =0 represents the valve actuator being fully closed; f i Representing the preset value of the concentration of the irrigation liquid; f s Represents the concentration of the irrigation liquid; a represents control precision; f represents the coefficient of the opening of the valve actuator;
when irrigation needs to be carried out in a proper amount at proper time, determining the transpiration amount of crops needing irrigation in the whole growth period, the transpiration amount of the crops in the whole growth period, the transpiration coefficient of the crops in the whole growth period, the transpiration amount of the two-time fertilization interval period, the transpiration coefficients of different growth periods, the fertilization amount of the whole growth period and the transpiration amount of the reference crops in the two-time fertilization interval period, and measuring the pipeline flow rate of output irrigation liquid, the maximum fertilizer injection proportion and the fertilizer dilution proportion;
using the formula: t is d ＝ET 0d ×K d ×j d And
calculating T d And s;
setting k i =1, using the formula
B is calculated;
real-time judgment of b and
in a relation of (A) if
Then k is i Multiplied by f and taken as new k i Up to
At this time, k i For the opening of the valve actuator when opening, using the formula
O c ＝O t + b, calculate O c (ii) a Wherein k is i Representing the opening of the valve actuator, k i =1 denotes the valve actuator is fully open, k i =0 represents that the valve actuator is completely closed, f represents the coefficient of the opening degree of the valve actuator, ET represents the transpiration amount of the crops needing irrigation in the whole growth period, j represents the transpiration coefficient of the crops needing irrigation in the whole growth period, ET 0d Represents the amount of transpiration between two fertigations of a reference crop; k d Coefficient of crop, T, representing crop to be irrigated d Representing two times of crop need to be irrigatedTranspiration amount j of fertilization interval period d Representing transpiration coefficients of crops needing irrigation in different growth periods, S representing the fertilization amount of the crops needing irrigation in the whole growth period, and S representing the fertilization amount; q represents the pipe flow of the output irrigation liquid, Z (k) i ) Represents the maximum fertilizer injection ratio, e represents the fertilizer dilution ratio, b represents the fertilizing time length, c represents the one-time irrigation duration, O t Represents a valve actuator opening time; o is c Representing one valve actuator closing time.
2. The intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization machine according to claim 1, further comprising a second pressure sensor (3), a third pressure sensor (6) and a filter (4), wherein the second pressure sensor (3) and the third pressure sensor (6) are respectively arranged at two ends of the filter (4), the filter (4) is further provided with a back-washing valve (5), the second pressure sensor (3), the third pressure sensor and the back-washing valve (5) are electrically connected with the electric control mechanism (15), and the electric control mechanism (15) receives data of the second pressure sensor (3) and the third pressure sensor and controls the back-washing valve (5).
3. The intelligent precision irrigation and fertilizer application machine according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer tank (11) is further provided with a filtering non-return device (12), and the filtering non-return device (12) comprises a filter screen (22), an anti-blocking cap (23) and a non-return plate (24).
4. The intelligent precision fertigation machine according to claim 1, wherein the outlet of the liquid manure solution is divided into a first port, a second port and a third port, the first port is connected with the inlet of the monitoring mechanism, the second port is connected with the inlet of the dynamic proportion fertilizer injection device (10), the third port is used for discharging the liquid manure solution, the outlet of the monitoring mechanism and the outlet of the dynamic proportion fertilizer injection device (10) are both connected with the inlet of the irrigation water source, and the driving device is arranged between the outlet of the liquid manure solution and the inlet of the irrigation water source.
5. The intelligent precision irrigation and fertilizer application machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer tank (11) is further provided with a blower (13) and a fertilizer blowing device (14), the blower (13) is connected with the fertilizer tank (11) through the fertilizer blowing device (14), the blower (13) is electrically connected with the electric control mechanism (15), and the fertilizer blowing device (14) comprises a flow guide body (25) and a flow guide cone (26).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710501826.XA CN107360774B (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2017-06-27 | Dynamic proportion fertilizer injection method, intelligent precision irrigation and fertilization machine and method |
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| CN113748967B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-05-06 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Liquid injection control method and control system of seedling transplanter |
| CN115462228A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-12-13 | 上海国兴农现代农业发展股份有限公司 | Fertilization control method, computer device and storage medium |
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