CN107359497B - Method for dispersion management and chirp compensation based on micro-nano optical fiber - Google Patents
Method for dispersion management and chirp compensation based on micro-nano optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06725—Fibre characterized by a specific dispersion, e.g. for pulse shaping in soliton lasers or for dispersion compensating [DCF]
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dispersion management and chirp compensation method based on micro-nano optical fibers. The method comprises the following steps: providing a micro-nano optical fiber with proper dispersion characteristics; the micro-nano optical fiber is properly packaged in a box with certain sealing performance and mechanical strength; and welding the packaged micro-nano optical fiber at a required position of an optical fiber light path. The dispersion management and chirp compensation method provided by the invention utilizes the unique dispersion characteristics and the extremely low transmission loss of the micro-nano optical fiber and has the advantage of convenience in fusion with the common optical fiber. The method is completely compatible with the currently used optical fiber technology, and can adjust the dispersion of the system in a larger range to achieve the purposes of dispersion management and chirp compensation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrafast laser technology and optical dispersion compensation, and particularly relates to a method for dispersion management and chirp compensation based on micro-nano optical fibers and a method for manufacturing a femtosecond laser.
Background
The fiber femtosecond laser has the advantages of low cost, compact structure, simple operation, good beam quality, high stability, low requirement on environment and the like, and is widely applied to a plurality of important fields of material processing, biomedical imaging, precision measurement, large-scale equipment synchronization and the like. The working area of the laser can be changed by adjusting the total dispersion in the laser resonant cavity, and femtosecond pulses with different performances, such as sech-type soliton pulses in a negative dispersion area, Gaussian-type stretched pulses near zero dispersion and pulses with nearly rectangular spectrums in full positive dispersion, are generated. In addition to the time domain waveform and the spectrum shape, the total dispersion of the laser cavity has an important influence on the maximum single pulse energy and the noise performance of the laser, which is very important for the application occasions of large-scale equipment synchronization, precision measurement and the like.
For the communication wave band, the common single mode fiber is negative dispersion, while the erbium doped fiber can be positive dispersion, and the dispersion management and the chirp compensation are very convenient. However, for the 1 micron band, the single mode fiber and the Yb-doped gain fiber are both positive dispersion fibers, while for the 2 micron band, the single mode fiber and the Tm-doped or Tm: Ho co-doped fiber are both negative dispersion fibers, and it is difficult to adjust the dispersion from positive to negative by changing the length of the fiber.
At present, in a Yb-doped fiber mode-locked laser and a Tm-doped or Tm: Ho co-doped fiber mode-locked laser, commonly used dispersion adjustment methods are as follows:
(1) prism/prism pair: negative second-order dispersion can be provided by a prism/prism pair, which is common in free-space titanium-sapphire lasers;
(2) grating/grating pair: the grating has strong dispersion, and can provide large positive dispersion or negative dispersion by using a grating/grating pair in free space or optical waveguide;
(3) a chirped mirror: the surface of the plane reflector is plated with a multi-layer film with special design, and the dispersion compensation can be realized.
(4) Gires-Tournois interferometer utilizes the reflective properties of the interferometer to adjust the dispersion of the interferometer by changing the angle of incidence.
Besides the chirped fiber grating, other methods are implemented in a free space optical path, which is incompatible with an optical fiber system and inconvenient to adjust, and reduces the original mechanical stability of the optical fiber system;
(5) optical fiber of special construction: it is also known in the literature to use specially designed fiber structures, such as hollow/solid structured photonic crystal fibers, large numerical aperture fibers, and the like, to compensate for dispersion. However, these optical fibers are generally incompatible with the pigtail of the optical fiber device, and have poor mode field matching, which often has special requirements for the fusion splicing technology and higher fusion splicing loss;
(6) high order modes with few-mode fibers: the mode in the common optical fiber can be coupled to the high-order mode in the few-mode optical fiber through the long-period fiber grating in the common optical fiber, and the dispersion compensation of the full-optical-fiber structure can be realized by utilizing the propagation characteristic of the high-order mode. However, this method requires an additional long period fiber grating, which increases the complexity of the system.
Because the above methods have disadvantages, from the practical point of view, it is necessary to provide a simple, stable, convenient, reliable technique that is fully compatible with the existing fiber system to realize the dispersion management in the fiber femtosecond laser resonant cavity and the chirp compensation outside the cavity.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for dispersion management and chirp compensation based on micro-nano optical fibers, the micro-nano optical fibers formed by drawing common optical fibers have unique dispersion characteristics, and when the diameters are different, the micro-nano optical fibers can generate stronger positive dispersion or negative dispersion in a required waveband, so that the aims of dispersion adjustment and chirp compensation are fulfilled; the invention has simple manufacturing process, the required optical fiber is completely compatible with the existing optical fiber system, the insertion loss is very low, the fusion loss can be ignored, and along with the difference of design parameters, the required chromatic dispersion can be provided at the required wave band, for example, a 1 micron wave band provides larger negative chromatic dispersion, or a 2 micron wave band provides larger positive chromatic dispersion, thus having great practical value for the chromatic dispersion adjustment in the cavity of the ultrafast optical fiber laser and the pulse compression outside the cavity. Specifically, the invention obtains the micro-nano optical fiber with certain design parameters by using a specific manufacturing method, such as a fused biconical taper method, and the micro-nano optical fiber can realize extremely low-loss fusion welding with a common optical fiber or a gain optical fiber through a tail fiber. By drawing micro-nano optical fibers with different diameters and lengths, the dispersion provided by the micro-nano optical fibers can be adjusted in a larger range. The micro-nano optical fiber is used in a resonant cavity of an ultrafast laser, and can adjust a working area (comprising a negative dispersion solitary region, a near-zero dispersion pulse broadening region and a positive dispersion region) of a mode locking state of the ultrafast laser. The output end outside the laser cavity can compensate chirp and realize the compression or the broadening of ultrashort pulses.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for dispersion management and chirp compensation based on micro-nano optical fibers comprises the steps of designing the diameter and the length of a required micro-nano optical fiber, manufacturing the micro-nano optical fiber, packaging the micro-nano optical fiber, and welding the micro-nano optical fiber with an optical fiber and a tail fiber of an optical fiber device at a part needing dispersion management to realize dispersion management and chirp compensation.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) designing: and designing geometric parameters of the micro-nano optical fiber by a numerical calculation method to obtain the length and the diameter of the required micro-nano optical fiber.
Specifically, a typical design method is as follows: the second-order dispersion curve of the micro-nano optical fiber with different diameters is obtained by a finite element method (such as Comsol Multiphysics software) or other optical waveguide mode calculation methods, as shown in FIG. 1. And selecting a diameter range with positive dispersion or negative dispersion in a specific wave band to obtain a rough second-order dispersion value. And calculating the length of the required micro-nano optical fiber according to the second-order dispersion value and the total dispersion amount required to be compensated. For example, in FIG. 1, when the diameter of the micro-nano fiber is 1 to 2 microns at 1.06 micron waveband, the second-order dispersion value is-150 ps2Km to-50 ps2In the range of/km. The diameter of the selected micro-nano optical fiber is 1.5 micrometers, and the second-order dispersion value is-140 ps2And/km. The total dispersion amount to be compensated is 0.02ps2(corresponding to the total dispersion of a 1 meter length of HI1060 fiberAmount), the length of the required micro-nano optical fiber with the diameter of 1.5 microns is about 15 cm.
(2) Tapering: and removing the surface coating layer of the optical fiber, and fixing the two ends of the optical fiber on the clamp. The bare fiber area is heated by a high temperature heat source and the fiber is drawn towards both ends. In the stretching process, the high-temperature heat source moves in a reciprocating manner, and the heating area is increased. The stretched optical fiber consists of a tapering transition region and a micro-nano optical fiber region; and then, detecting whether the second-order dispersion of the micro-nano optical fiber meets the design requirements by using a certain dispersion measuring device.
Wherein, the optical fiber is a common single mode or multimode optical fiber. The high-temperature heat source is butane or isobutane-oxygen flame, oxyhydrogen flame, CO2Laser, high voltage arc, or high temperature ceramic heater at 400-1000 deg.C.
(3) Packaging: and properly packaging the prepared micro-nano optical fiber in a specially designed box. In the packaging process, the micro-nano optical fiber and the tapering transition region are required to be ensured to be in the box. The box has certain air tightness and dust prevention functions, and the mechanical strength of the micro-nano optical fiber dispersion compensation device is ensured.
(4) Accessing: and (4) accessing the packaged micro-nano optical fiber obtained through the steps to a required position. The low-loss access of the micro-nano optical fiber in the optical fiber system can be realized by utilizing common optical fiber fusion equipment and a common optical fiber fusion technology.
According to the invention, the micro-nano optical fiber is composed of one or more sections of micro-nano optical fibers with uniform diameters, or is composed of one or more sections of micro-nano optical fibers with gradually changed diameters.
The diameter of the micro-nano optical fiber is in the range of 500nm to 10 mu m, and the length of the micro-nano optical fiber is in the range of 1cm to 10 m. The micro-nano optical fiber is continuously connected with the common single mode optical fiber through the gradual taper.
According to the invention, micro-nano optical fibers with different dispersion characteristics can be obtained by adjusting the technological parameters for preparing the micro-nano optical fibers, and the dispersion value provided by the micro-nano optical fibers is changed; the total dispersion value of the micro-nano optical fiber and the common optical fiber is adjusted by adjusting the length of the common optical fiber or the tail fiber of the optical fiber device connected with the micro-nano optical fiber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts common optical fiber tapering without adopting special optical fiber. Namely, the micro-nano optical fiber with the dispersion compensation function can be obtained by the tapering technology of the common optical fiber.
2. After the tapering of the micro-nano optical fiber adopted by the invention is finished, the micro-nano optical fiber can be uninterruptedly connected with the tail fiber of the common optical fiber, so that the extremely high optical transmission efficiency and the extremely low subsequent fusion loss with the common optical fiber are ensured, and the total insertion loss of the device is extremely low.
3. The micro-nano optical fiber adopted by the invention and connected with the common optical fiber in low loss can be realized by changing the technological parameters for preparing the micro-nano optical fiber and adjusting the length of the common optical fiber which is welded when the dispersion is adjusted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a second-order dispersion diagram of micro-nano optical fibers with different diameters in the vicinity of 1 micron.
FIG. 2 is a second-order dispersion diagram of micro-nano optical fibers with different diameters in the vicinity of 2 micrometers.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a micro-nano fiber for adjusting the dispersion in the cavity of a Yb-doped fiber femtosecond laser in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a spectrum obtained from FIG. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a micro-nano fiber for adjusting the dispersion outside the cavity of the Yb-doped fiber femtosecond laser in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an interference autocorrelation trace before and after pulse compression according to fig. 5.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Example 1
The invention provides a method for using micro-nano optical fibers as dispersion management, which roughly says that the micro-nano optical fibers with design parameters are firstly prepared, and then the tail fibers of the micro-nano optical fibers are welded with common optical fibers at required positions so as to achieve the purpose of dispersion compensation.
Fig. 1 shows the calculated diameters as 1.0, 1.2, 1, respectively.5 and 2.0 micron micro-nano optical fiber. It can be seen that the dispersion of the diameter micro-nano fiber is always negative in the range of 1000nm to 1200nm, and the absolute value is about 23ps for a conventional fiber (such as Corning's HI1060 fiber2/km) 5 to 10 times. Fig. 2 shows the calculated second-order dispersion diagram of the micro-nano optical fiber with the diameter of 1.0, 1.2, 1.5 and 2.0 microns respectively. It can be seen that the dispersion of the diameter micro-nano-fiber is always positive in the 1800nm to 2000nm range, with an absolute value of about-80 ps for a conventional fiber (e.g., the SM1950 of Nufern, which is-80 ps)2/km) 3 to 30 times.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the micro-nano fiber being connected into a Yb-doped polarization rotation mode-locked laser resonant cavity. Fig. 4 is a typical spectrum obtained according to fig. 3.
In the laser, the self-starting of the mode locking state is achieved by arranging an artificial saturable absorber consisting of an 1/4 wave plate, a half-wave plate and a polarization beam splitter PBS. The second-order dispersion values of the Yb-doped fiber used for the laser and the tail fiber of the fiber device used for the laser are both about 23ps2And/km. An optical element capable of providing negative dispersion is added into the resonant cavity, and the total dispersion in the cavity of the laser can be adjusted to be about zero, so that the laser works in a soliton region or a pulse broadening region, better noise characteristics are obtained, and a stable pulse sequence is output. The purpose can be realized by micro-nano optical fibers with certain diameters and lengths.
The schematic diagram of the micro-nano optical fiber is shown in fig. 3, and the micro-nano optical fiber is uninterruptedly connected with a common single-mode optical fiber through a gradually-changed optical fiber taper. The drawing process of the micro-nano optical fiber ensures that the micro-nano optical fiber and the gradual-change tapered optical fiber have extremely low optical transmission loss, and ensures that the diameter and the length of the micro-nano optical fiber are consistent with design values. The micro-nano optical fiber used in fig. 3 has a diameter of about 1.6 microns and a length of about 10 cm. The tail fibers connected with the two ends of the micro-nano optical fiber ensure that the micro-nano optical fiber can adopt the welding process of the common optical fiber to realize the welding with the common single-mode optical fiber with extremely low loss, thereby having extremely low insertion loss while adjusting the dispersion of the laser. The spectrogram in fig. 4 shows that after the dispersion is adjusted by using the micro-nano optical fiber with the characteristics, the laser can work in a pulse broadening region.
Example 2
The method for using the micro-nano optical fiber as dispersion management can be used in a cavity of a laser and can also be used in a chirp compensation optical path outside the laser cavity. The present embodiment gives a principle demonstration for this purpose as well as the actual effect.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an optical path of a micro-nano fiber for compensating the chirp outside the cavity of the Yb-doped femtosecond fiber laser. And a micro-nano optical fiber with certain diameter and length and a common single mode optical fiber for compensating chirp are connected into an output optical path behind the PBS. The micro-nano optical fiber used for the purpose, the collimator tail fiber and the chirp-compensating single-mode optical fiber are welded by a common optical fiber welding method to realize extremely low loss welding. Since the micro-nano fiber provides positive dispersion at a 1-micron waveband, and the common fiber provides negative dispersion, the length of the common fiber for chirp compensation can be adjusted, so that the chirp compensation of the output chirped pulse can be finely adjusted. The interferometric autocorrelation in fig. 6 shows this result. By carefully adjusting the length of a general optical fiber for chirp compensation, an output pulse having a large chirp can be compensated to a pulse having almost no chirp, with a pulse width of about 100 fs.
The foregoing embodiments are illustrative of the principles and applications of this invention, but it is to be understood that the foregoing description is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover insubstantial modifications of the invention. In fact, the micro-nano fiber can be conveniently used in other systems, for example, can be integrated in an ultrashort pulse fiber laser of an all-fiber device, and is used in dispersion management and chirp compensation of ultrashort pulses of an ultrashort pulse laser formed by a saturated absorber such as a carbon nanotube, graphene and a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, so that dispersion management and chirp compensation which are small in optical insertion loss, good in stability and convenient to weld and are completely compatible with an existing fiber system can be conveniently realized. By designing the diameter and the length of the required micro-nano optical fiber, the method for dispersion management and chirp compensation provided by the invention is particularly suitable for 1 micron wave band and 2 micron wave band which are difficult to realize dispersion adjustment of common optical fibers. And when used in other bands, are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for dispersion management and chirp compensation based on micro-nano optical fibers is characterized in that the diameter and the length of the required micro-nano optical fibers are designed, the micro-nano optical fibers are manufactured and packaged, the micro-nano optical fibers are welded with optical fibers and tail fibers of optical fiber devices at the part needing dispersion management, dispersion management and chirp compensation are achieved, the micro-nano optical fibers are uninterruptedly connected with common single-mode optical fibers through gradual-change tapering, the micro-nano optical fibers are manufactured by adopting a fused tapering method, and the method comprises the following steps:
removing a coating layer on the surface of an optical fiber, fixing two ends of the optical fiber on a clamp, heating a bare optical fiber area by using a high-temperature heat source, stretching the optical fiber to the two ends, wherein the high-temperature heat source moves back and forth in the stretching process to enlarge a heating area, the stretched optical fiber consists of a tapered transition area and a micro-nano optical fiber area, and then detecting whether the second-order dispersion of the micro-nano optical fiber meets the design requirement by using a dispersion measuring device, the optical fiber is a common single-mode or multi-mode optical fiber, the high-temperature heat source is butane or isobutane-oxygen flame, oxyhydrogen flame, a CO2 laser, high-pressure electric arc or a high-temperature ceramic heater, and;
in the laser, the mode-locking state self-starting is achieved by setting an artificial saturable absorber consisting of an 1/4 wave plate, a half-wave plate and a polarization beam splitter PBS, an optical element for providing negative dispersion is added into a resonant cavity, and the total dispersion in the cavity of the laser is adjusted to be zero, so that the laser works in a soliton area or a pulse broadening area, excellent noise characteristics are obtained, and a stable pulse sequence is output;
the method comprises the steps that a micro-nano optical fiber with preset diameter and length and a common single mode fiber for compensating chirp are connected to an output light path behind the polarization beam splitter PBS, the micro-nano optical fiber and the collimator tail fiber, and the micro-nano optical fiber and the single mode fiber for compensating chirp are welded together through the common optical fiber to achieve extremely-low loss welding, the length of the common optical fiber for compensating chirp is adjusted, and therefore chirp compensation of output pulses is achieved.
2. The method for dispersion management and chirp compensation based on micro-nano fibers according to claim 1, wherein micro-nano fibers with appropriate diameters are selected according to second-order dispersion spectrums of different micro-nano fibers, and the length of the required micro-nano fibers is calculated according to the total dispersion amount to be compensated.
3. The method for dispersion management and chirp compensation based on micro-nano optical fibers according to claim 1, wherein the micro-nano optical fibers are composed of one or more sections of micro-nano optical fibers with uniform diameters, or are composed of one or more sections of micro-nano optical fibers with gradually changed diameters.
4. The method for dispersion management and chirp compensation based on micro-nano optical fibers according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the diameter of the micro-nano optical fibers is in a range of 500nm to 10 μm, and the length of the micro-nano optical fibers is in a range of 1cm to 10 m.
5. The method for dispersion management and chirp compensation based on micro-nano optical fibers according to claim 1, wherein micro-nano optical fibers with different dispersion characteristics are obtained by adjusting process parameters for preparing the micro-nano optical fibers, and the dispersion value provided by the micro-nano optical fibers is changed; the total dispersion value of the micro-nano optical fiber and the common optical fiber is adjusted by adjusting the length of the common optical fiber or the tail fiber of the optical fiber device connected with the micro-nano optical fiber.
6. The method for chromatic dispersion management and chirp compensation based on micro-nano optical fibers according to claim 1, wherein the micro-nano optical fibers and the fiber tapering transition region are packaged in a box with certain air tightness and mechanical strength.
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| CN109273973B (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-10-27 | 浙江大学 | Dissipative soliton laser with 2-micron waveband |
| CN110380324B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2020-11-17 | 清华大学 | Ultrashort pulse fiber laser |
| CN110455320B (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-06-01 | 深圳大学 | Optical fiber sensor and manufacturing method thereof |
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| "Microfiber-based few-layer MoS2 saturable absorber for 2.5 GHz passively harmonic mode-locked fiber laser";Meng Liu 等;《OPTICS EXPRESS》;20140912;第22卷(第19期);第22841-22846页 * |
| "Passive harmonic mode-locking in a fiber laser by using a microfiber-based graphene saturable absorber";Peng-Fei Zhu 等;《Laser Physics Letters》;20130917;第1-6页 * |
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