CN107352963B - Ceramic pug using shale mineral as main raw material, its production method and method for producing ceramic products by using same - Google Patents

Ceramic pug using shale mineral as main raw material, its production method and method for producing ceramic products by using same Download PDF

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CN107352963B
CN107352963B CN201710748812.8A CN201710748812A CN107352963B CN 107352963 B CN107352963 B CN 107352963B CN 201710748812 A CN201710748812 A CN 201710748812A CN 107352963 B CN107352963 B CN 107352963B
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shale
ceramic
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ageing
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CN107352963A (en
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吕泽锋
沙轩
吕晖洋
吕珍妮
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Fujian Province Dehua Mingfeng Jinhua Paper Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/131—Inorganic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/24—Manufacture of porcelain or white ware
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/634—Polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/636—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • C04B35/6365—Cellulose or derivatives thereof

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a ceramic mud material using shale minerals as main raw materials, a manufacturing method thereof and a method for manufacturing ceramic products by using the same, belonging to the technical field of ceramics. The ceramic mud material taking shale minerals as main raw materials is prepared from shale mineral powder and a plasticizer; the preparation method of the ceramic mud material taking the shale minerals as the main raw materials comprises the following steps: preparing shale mineral powder: s11, primary ageing, S12, secondary ageing, S13 and fine crushing; preparing a plasticizer: s21, preparing a main material, S22, preparing an auxiliary material, S23 and mixing materials; ball milling, sieving, filter pressing and ageing. When the ceramic pug taking the shale minerals as the main raw materials is used for manufacturing ceramic and ceramic products, the product is wide in development and application, low in loss on ignition, strong in compactness, low in water absorption, zero in heavy metal dissolution, wide in sintering temperature range, short in sintering time, low in energy consumption, low in cost and high in yield in the sintering process of the ceramic product.

Description

Ceramic pug using shale mineral as main raw material, its production method and method for producing ceramic products by using same
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramics, and particularly relates to a ceramic mud material taking shale minerals as main raw materials, a manufacturing method thereof and a method for manufacturing ceramic products by using the ceramic mud material.
Background
Shale (Shale) is a sedimentary rock with complex composition but with lamellar or lamelliform joints, mainly a rock formed by clay deposition under pressure and temperature but mixed with quartz, debris of feldspar and other chemicals.
Shale (Shale) is a fine particulate hardened clay material that is easily fractured and easily broken into distinct formations. Belongs to claystone, has complex components and contains a plurality of clastic minerals and authigenic minerals besides clay minerals. Has lamellar or lamellar structure, and is easy to break into pieces when being hit by a hard object. Is prepared from clay through compacting, dewatering and recrystallizing. Shale has weak capability of resisting weathering, and is often eroded to form low mountains and valleys on the terrain. Shale is impermeable to water and tends to act as a water barrier in groundwater distribution.
The shale has abundant mineral resources and is widely applied to brick products, however, the shale has no viscosity and low plasticity after being weathered, so that the shale is not beneficial to the use in ceramic products. The existing red soil type pottery clay material is ceramic clay material which is obtained by processing and treating kaolin, purple sand minerals and high-viscosity soil as main raw materials, and has higher requirements on raw material selection and processing technology, low output, higher raw material price, small sintering temperature range and other factors, so that the field of ceramic products can not be further expanded.
In the manufacturing process of the ceramic product made of the laterite pug and the sintering equipment thereof, the sintering range is small, the sintering temperature is 1230-1250 ℃, the sintering time is long, the sintering time is 16-20 h, the cost of the produced ceramic product pug is high, the energy consumption is large, and the performance of the ceramic product made of some pugs cannot meet the requirement, so that the ceramic product lacks the market competitiveness.
The main reasons for the defects of the existing clay ceramic clay products are that the clay raw materials and glaze production places adopted by various ceramic manufacturers have different qualities, and particularly, the raw materials and the proportions of the raw materials used for preparing the mineral raw materials for ceramics are different, so that the products have the limitations described above. In order to solve the problem, a novel material which is suitable for the ceramic and ceramic art pug used by the existing ceramic production enterprises needs to be researched and developed, so that the problems of extension of the ceramic and ceramic art product structure, energy consumption reduction and the like can be solved.
In conclusion, the invention provides the ceramic mud material which improves the viscosity and plasticity of the shale minerals and is processed to prepare the shale minerals serving as the main raw material and the preparation method thereof, and when the ceramic mud material which takes the shale minerals as the main raw material is used for preparing ceramics and ceramic products, the product development and application are wide, the firing range is wide, the firing time is short, the loss on firing is small, the yield is high, the compactness is strong, the weathering time is long, and zero heavy metal dissolution is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the ceramic mud material taking the shale minerals as the main raw materials and the ceramic product made of the ceramic mud material.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the ceramic mud material taking shale minerals as main raw materials comprises shale mineral powder and a plasticizer, wherein the mass ratio of the shale mineral powder to the plasticizer is as follows: the weight ratio of the shale mineral powder to the plasticizer is 80-90: 10-20.
Further, the plasticizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the main material and the auxiliary material are 1:1, wherein the main material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the kaolin, potassium feldspar and limestone are 2-3: 1-2, and the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: sodium humate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and water in a ratio of 2-3: 1-2: 18-22.
The preparation method of the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing shale mineral powder:
s11, primary aging:
carrying out primary ageing on the shale minerals to obtain a primary aged shale material;
s12, secondary ageing:
coarsely crushing the primary aged shale material obtained in the step one S11, primarily sieving, and performing secondary aging to obtain a secondary aged shale material;
s13, fine crushing:
finely crushing the secondary aged shale material obtained in the step one S1, and carrying out tertiary aging to obtain shale mineral powder;
step two, plasticizer preparation:
s21, preparing main materials:
uniformly mixing the kaolin, the potassium feldspar and the limestone according to the mass ratio, tamping for 30-40 hours, and elutriating to obtain a main material, wherein the water content of the elutriated main material is 50-70%;
s22, preparing auxiliary materials:
uniformly mixing the sodium humate, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the water according to the mass ratio to obtain auxiliary materials;
s23, mixing materials:
uniformly mixing the main material obtained in the step II S21 and the auxiliary material obtained in the step S22 to obtain a plasticizer;
step three, ball milling:
uniformly mixing the shale mineral powder obtained in the step one and the plasticizer obtained in the step two according to a mass ratio of 80-90: 10-20 to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture, balls and water according to a mass ratio of 0.9-1.2: 1.3-1.6: 1.5-1.8, and carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball grinding material, wherein the ball milling time is 8-12 hours;
step four, sieving:
sieving the ball-milled material obtained in the step three for the second time to obtain a secondary sieving material, and then sieving the obtained secondary sieving material for the third time to obtain a third sieving material;
step five, filter pressing and aging:
and (4) carrying out filter pressing on the third sieving material obtained in the fourth step to obtain a filter pressing material, and ageing the obtained filter pressing material for four times to obtain the ceramic mud material taking the shale minerals as the main raw material.
Further, in the step one S11, the time of primary ageing is 1-3 days, the temperature of the primary ageing is 25-30 ℃, in the step one S12, the time of the secondary ageing is 1-3 days, the temperature of the secondary ageing is 25-30 ℃, in the step one S12, when primary sieving is carried out, a sieve is a 15-25 mesh sieve, in the step one S13, the time of the tertiary ageing is 1-3 days, the temperature of the tertiary ageing is 25-30 ℃, and in the step S13, the fine crushing time is 1-2 hours.
Further, in the process of ball milling in the third step, the balls are high alumina ball stones during ball milling, and the ball milling time is 12 hours.
Further, in the step S13, a Raymond mill is adopted for grinding fine crushing in the fine crushing process, in the step S21, an electric cone is adopted for tamping in the tamping process, in the step IV, a vibrating screen of 150-250 meshes is adopted in the secondary sieving process, a ten-thousand-hole sieve is adopted in the tertiary sieving process, and the sieve allowance of the ten-thousand-hole sieve is less than or equal to 2%. 7. The method for preparing the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw material according to claim 3, wherein the water content of the filter pressing material obtained in the fifth step is 20-25%, the filter pressing material is wrapped by a plastic film during the fourth-time ageing, the fourth-time ageing temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the fourth-time ageing time is 1-2 days.
The method for manufacturing the ceramic product by using the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials comprises the steps of manufacturing the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials into a ceramic blank, and firing the ceramic blank to obtain the ceramic product of the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials.
The method is further characterized in that the water content of the obtained ceramic blank is 8-15%, the blank is naturally dried and then fired, the firing temperature is 1120-1320 ℃, and the firing time is 8-12 hours.
Further, when the ceramic mud material taking the shale minerals as the main raw materials is prepared into a ceramic body, any one of the following methods is adopted: extrusion, grouting, rolling and manual manufacturing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
first, a large number of different ceramic raw materials are required to be used for manufacturing the conventional ceramic body, such as: kaolin, dolomite, bentonite, quartz, potassium feldspar and albite, the ceramic mud material prepared by the invention is mainly shale mineral, the shale mineral content is as high as 80-90%, the shale mineral resource is fully utilized, and the mineral resource is saved;
secondly, in the production process, the manufacturing process of the traditional ceramic pug is simplified, such as: the traditional process uses too many raw materials, and the preparation and treatment time of the raw materials is too long, so that the raw materials of the invention are few in variety, the preparation and treatment time of the raw materials is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved;
thirdly, in the firing process of the ceramic product prepared from the ceramic mud material taking the shale minerals as the main raw material, the firing temperature ranges from 1120 ℃ to 1320 ℃, the firing time ranges from 8 hours to 12 hours, the firing range is wide, the firing time is shortened, and the manufacturing cost is reduced;
thirdly, the traditional ceramic mud has more raw materials and complicated processing process, gaps with different sizes can be generated among different raw materials in the bonding process and are difficult to control, the ceramic product prepared by the ceramic mud taking the shale minerals as the main raw material mainly comprises the shale minerals, the bonded gaps of the shale minerals after fine crushing are small, the ignition loss is effectively reduced, cracks caused by the generation of bubbles are prevented, and the yield is improved;
fourthly, the shale mineral has low viscosity and plasticity, the traditional process can not fully apply the shale mineral to ceramics and ceramic products, however, long-term research tests of the applicant find that the shale mineral is ground and finely crushed by a Raymond mill and then is beaten by an electric cone, the shale mineral has a cone-shaped structure and small particle size, so that shale powder has plasticity, five plasticizer raw materials are sodium humate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, kaolin, potash feldspar and limestone, the five plasticizer raw materials have viscosity and high plasticity, the shale mineral without viscosity and plasticity can have high viscosity and high plasticity after being added, the viscosity and plasticity are higher than those of the plasticizer, the prepared ceramic product has small shrinkage, high yield, strong compactness, low loss on ignition and zero heavy metal dissolution, which is unexpected in the early research period by the applicant, the result of which is also unexpected to the applicant,
fifthly, other ceramic products can be prepared from the ceramic mud material taking the shale minerals as the main raw material, so that the application range of the ceramic mud material in the ceramic field is widened, the production cost is reduced, and the ceramic mud material has a great market prospect.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The ceramic mud material taking shale minerals as main raw materials is characterized by comprising shale mineral powder and a plasticizer, wherein the mass ratio of the shale mineral powder to the plasticizer is as follows: and (3) the plasticizer is 80: 20.
The plasticizer comprises the following components in parts by mass, namely a main material and an auxiliary material, wherein the auxiliary material is 1:1, and the main material comprises the following components in parts by mass: the kaolin, the potash feldspar and the limestone are 2:1:1, and the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: sodium humate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and water in a ratio of 2:1: 20.
The preparation method of the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing shale mineral powder:
s11, primary aging:
carrying out primary ageing on the shale minerals to obtain a primary aged shale material, wherein the primary ageing time is 1 day, and the primary ageing temperature is 25 ℃;
s12, secondary ageing:
coarsely crushing the primary aged shale material obtained in the step I S11, primarily sieving and secondarily aging to obtain a secondary aged shale material, wherein the secondary aging time is 1 day, the secondary aging temperature is 25 ℃, and a sieve mesh used in primary sieving is a 20-mesh sieve mesh;
s13, fine crushing:
grinding and finely crushing the secondary aged shale material obtained in the step I S12 by using a Raymond mill, and then carrying out tertiary aging to obtain shale mineral powder, wherein the secondary aged shale material ground and finely crushed by using the Raymond mill can be selected according to the actually required particle size, the secondary aged shale material is convenient and practical, the manufacturing efficiency is improved, the tertiary aging time is 25 ℃, the tertiary aging time is 1 day, and the grinding and finely crushing time of the Raymond mill is 2 hours;
step two, plasticizer preparation:
s21, preparing main materials:
uniformly mixing the kaolin, the potassium feldspar and the limestone according to the mass ratio, tamping for 30 hours by using an electric cone, and elutriating to obtain a main material, wherein the water content of the elutriated main material is 50%;
s22, preparing auxiliary materials:
uniformly mixing the sodium humate, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the water according to the mass ratio to obtain auxiliary materials;
s23, mixing materials:
uniformly mixing the main material obtained in the step II S21 and the auxiliary material obtained in the step S22 to obtain a plasticizer;
step three, ball milling:
uniformly mixing the shale mineral powder obtained in the step one and the plasticizer obtained in the step two according to the mass ratio of 80:20 to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture, the high alumina ball stone and water according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5:1.7, and carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball grinding material, wherein the ball milling time is 12 hours;
step four, sieving:
secondarily sieving the ball grinding material obtained in the step three through a vibrating screen to obtain a secondary sieving material, and then sieving the obtained secondary sieving material for three times through a ten-thousand-hole sieve to obtain a tertiary sieving material, wherein the vibrating screen is a 250-mesh vibrating screen, and the sieve allowance of the ten-thousand-hole sieve is less than or equal to 1%;
step five, filter pressing and aging:
and (3) carrying out filter pressing on the screen mesh material obtained in the fourth step to obtain a filter pressing material, and carrying out four-time ageing on the filter pressing material to obtain the ceramic mud material taking the shale minerals as the main raw material, wherein the water content of the filter pressing material is 20%, the four-time ageing temperature is 25 ℃, and the four-time ageing time is 1 day.
The method for manufacturing the ceramic product by using the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials comprises the steps of preparing a ceramic blank by using the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials according to the product forming requirements by adopting a grouting method, and firing to obtain the ceramic product of the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials, wherein the firing temperature is 1120 ℃, and the firing time is 8 hours.
Example 2
The ceramic mud material taking shale minerals as main raw materials is characterized by comprising shale mineral powder and a plasticizer, wherein the mass ratio of the shale mineral powder to the plasticizer is as follows: the weight ratio of the shale mineral powder to the plasticizer is 85: 15.
The ceramic mud material with shale minerals as main raw materials comprises the following components in parts by mass: the weight ratio of the shale mineral powder to the plasticizer is 85: 15.
The ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials comprises the following components in parts by mass, wherein the main materials comprise the following components in parts by mass, and the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in parts by mass: the kaolin, the potash feldspar and the limestone are 3:2:2, and the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: sodium humate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, water 3:2: 18.
The preparation method of the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing shale mineral powder:
s11, primary aging:
carrying out primary ageing on the shale minerals to obtain a primary aged shale material, wherein the primary ageing time is 2 days, and the primary ageing temperature is 28 ℃;
s12, secondary ageing:
coarsely crushing the primary aged shale material obtained in the step one S11, primarily sieving, and secondarily aging to obtain a secondary aged shale material, wherein the secondary aging time is 2 days, the secondary aging temperature is 28 ℃, and a sieve mesh used in primary sieving is a 20-mesh sieve mesh;
s13, fine crushing:
grinding the secondary aged shale material obtained in the step S12 by a Raymond mill for fine crushing, and then carrying out tertiary aging to obtain shale mineral powder, wherein the secondary aged shale material ground by the Raymond mill for fine crushing can be selected according to the actual required particle size, is convenient and practical, improves the manufacturing efficiency, and has the aging time of 28 ℃, the aging time of 2 days and the grinding time of 1 h;
step two, plasticizer preparation:
s21, preparing main materials:
uniformly mixing the kaolin, the potassium feldspar and the limestone according to the mass ratio, tamping for 36 hours by using an electric cone, and elutriating to obtain a main material, wherein the water content of the main material after elutriation is 60%;
s22, preparing auxiliary materials:
uniformly mixing the sodium humate, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the water according to the mass ratio to obtain auxiliary materials;
s23, mixing materials:
uniformly mixing the main material obtained in the step II S21 and the auxiliary material obtained in the step S22 to obtain a plasticizer;
step three, ball milling:
uniformly mixing the shale mineral powder obtained in the step one and the plasticizer obtained in the step two according to the mass ratio of 85:15 to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture, the high alumina ball stone and water according to the mass ratio of 0.9:1.3:1.5, and carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball grinding material, wherein the ball milling time is 10 hours;
step four, sieving:
secondarily sieving the ball grinding material obtained in the step three through a vibrating sieve to obtain a secondary sieving material, wherein the vibrating sieve is a 150-mesh vibrating sieve, and the sieve allowance of the ten-thousand-mesh sieve is less than or equal to 2%;
step five, filter pressing and aging:
and (3) performing filter pressing on the screen mesh material obtained in the step four to obtain a filter pressing material, and performing four-time ageing on the filter pressing material to obtain the ceramic mud material taking the shale minerals as the main raw material, wherein the water content of the filter pressing material is 23%, the four-time ageing temperature is 28 ℃, and the four-time ageing time is 2 days.
The method for manufacturing the ceramic product by using the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials comprises the steps of preparing a ceramic blank by adopting an extrusion method according to the product forming requirement of the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials, and firing to obtain the ceramic product of the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials, wherein the firing temperature is 1250 ℃, and the firing time is 10 hours.
Example 3
The ceramic mud material taking shale minerals as main raw materials is characterized by comprising shale mineral powder and a plasticizer, wherein the mass ratio of the shale mineral powder to the plasticizer is as follows: the ratio of the shale mineral powder to the plasticizer is 90: 10.
The plasticizer comprises the following components in parts by mass, namely a main material and an auxiliary material, wherein the auxiliary material is 1:1, and the main material comprises the following components in parts by mass: the kaolin, the potash feldspar and the limestone are 3:2:2, and the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: sodium humate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and water in a ratio of 3:2: 22.
The preparation method of the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing shale mineral powder:
s11, primary aging:
carrying out primary ageing on the shale minerals to obtain a primary aged shale material, wherein the primary ageing time is 3 days, and the primary ageing temperature is 30 ℃;
s12, secondary ageing:
coarsely crushing the primary aged shale material obtained in the step one S11, sieving, and performing secondary aging to obtain secondary aged shale material, wherein the secondary aging time is 3 days, the secondary aging temperature is 30 ℃, and a sieve mesh is a 25-mesh sieve mesh during sieving;
s13, fine crushing:
grinding the secondary aged shale material obtained in the step S12 by a Raymond mill for fine crushing, and then carrying out tertiary aging to obtain shale mineral powder, wherein the secondary aged shale material ground by the Raymond mill for fine crushing can be selected according to the actual required particle size, is convenient and practical, and improves the manufacturing efficiency, the tertiary aging time is 30 ℃, the tertiary aging time is 3 days, and the Raymond mill grinding time is 2 hours;
step two, plasticizer preparation:
s21, preparing main materials:
uniformly mixing the kaolin, the potassium feldspar and the limestone according to the mass ratio, tamping for 40 hours by using an electric cone, and elutriating to obtain a main material, wherein the water content of the main material after elutriation is 70%;
s22, preparing auxiliary materials:
uniformly mixing the sodium humate, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the water according to the mass ratio to obtain auxiliary materials;
s23, mixing materials:
uniformly mixing the main material obtained in the step II S21 and the auxiliary material obtained in the step S22 to obtain a plasticizer;
step three, ball milling:
uniformly mixing the shale mineral powder obtained in the step one and the plasticizer obtained in the step two according to the mass ratio of 90:10 to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture, the high alumina ball stone and water according to the mass ratio of 1.2:1.6:1.8, and carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball grinding material, wherein the ball milling time is 8 hours;
step four, sieving:
and (3) secondarily sieving the ball grinding material obtained in the step (three) through a vibrating screen to obtain a secondary sieving material, and thirdly sieving the obtained secondary sieving material through a ten thousand-mesh sieve to obtain a tertiary sieving material, wherein the vibrating screen is a vibrating screen of 200 meshes, and the sieve allowance of the ten thousand-mesh sieve is less than or equal to 2%.
Step five, filter pressing and aging:
and (3) carrying out filter pressing on the screen mesh material obtained in the step four to obtain a filter pressing material, and carrying out four-time ageing on the filter pressing material to obtain the ceramic mud material taking the shale minerals as the main raw material, wherein the water content of the filter pressing material is 25%, the four-time ageing temperature is 30 ℃, and the four-time ageing time is 3 days.
The method for manufacturing the ceramic product by using the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials comprises the steps of rolling the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials according to the product forming requirements to prepare a ceramic blank, and firing to obtain the ceramic product of the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials, wherein the firing temperature is 1320 ℃, and the firing time is 12 hours.
Example 4
The ceramic mud material taking shale minerals as main raw materials is characterized by comprising shale mineral powder and a plasticizer, wherein the mass ratio of the shale mineral powder to the plasticizer is as follows: the ratio of the shale mineral powder to the plasticizer is 90: 10.
The plasticizer comprises the following components in parts by mass, namely a main material and an auxiliary material, wherein the auxiliary material is 1:1, and the main material comprises the following components in parts by mass: the kaolin, the potash feldspar and the limestone are 3:2:2, and the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: sodium humate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and water in a ratio of 3:2: 22.
The preparation method of the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing shale mineral powder:
s11, primary aging:
carrying out primary ageing on the shale minerals to obtain a primary aged shale material, wherein the primary ageing time is 3 days, and the primary ageing temperature is 30 ℃;
s12, secondary ageing:
coarsely crushing the primary aged shale material obtained in the step one S11, primarily sieving and secondarily aging to obtain a secondary aged shale material, wherein the secondary aging time is 3 days, the secondary aging temperature is 30 ℃, and a sieve mesh used in primary sieving is a 25-mesh sieve mesh;
s13, fine crushing:
grinding the secondary aged shale material obtained in the step S12 by a Raymond mill for fine crushing, and then carrying out tertiary aging to obtain shale mineral powder, wherein the secondary aged shale material ground by the Raymond mill for fine crushing can be selected according to the actual required particle size, is convenient and practical, and improves the manufacturing efficiency, the tertiary aging time is 30 ℃, the tertiary aging time is 3 days, and the Raymond mill grinding time is 2 hours;
step two, plasticizer preparation:
s21, preparing main materials:
uniformly mixing the kaolin, the potassium feldspar and the limestone according to the mass ratio, tamping for 36 hours by using an electric cone, and elutriating to obtain a main material, wherein the water content of the main material after elutriation is 70%;
s22, preparing auxiliary materials:
uniformly mixing the sodium humate, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the water according to the mass ratio to obtain auxiliary materials;
s23, mixing materials:
uniformly mixing the main material obtained in the step II S21 and the auxiliary material obtained in the step S22 to obtain a plasticizer;
step three, ball milling:
uniformly mixing the shale mineral powder obtained in the step one and the plasticizer obtained in the step two according to the mass ratio of 90:10 to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture, the high alumina ball stone and water according to the mass ratio of 1.2:1.6:1.8, and carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball grinding material, wherein the ball milling time is 12 hours;
step four, sieving:
and (3) secondarily sieving the ball grinding material obtained in the step (three) through a vibrating screen to obtain a secondary sieving material, and thirdly sieving the obtained secondary sieving material through a ten thousand-hole sieve to obtain a tertiary sieving material, wherein the vibrating screen is a vibrating screen of 200 meshes, and the sieve allowance of the ten thousand-hole sieve is less than or equal to 2%.
Step five, filter pressing and aging:
and (3) carrying out filter pressing on the screen mesh material obtained in the step four to obtain a filter pressing material, and carrying out four-time ageing on the filter pressing material to obtain the ceramic mud material taking the shale minerals as the main raw material, wherein the water content of the filter pressing material is 25%, the four-time ageing temperature is 30 ℃, and the four-time ageing time is 3 days.
The method for manufacturing the ceramic product by using the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials comprises the steps of manually manufacturing a ceramic blank by using the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials according to the product forming requirements, and firing to obtain the ceramic product of the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw materials, wherein the firing temperature is 1150 ℃, and the firing time is 12 hours.
The performance test of the ceramic products mainly comprising shale minerals obtained in the above examples 1 to 4,
the water absorption detection method comprises the following steps: drying the prepared ceramic product mainly containing shale minerals, and weighing to obtain m1Drying at 110 deg.C, soaking in water for 24 hr, and weighing to obtain m2The water absorption rate calculation formula is as follows:
water absorption Wa ═ m2-m1)/m1]×100％
The detection results are shown in table 1:
table 1: test results of the shale mineral-containing ceramic articles obtained in examples 1 to 4
Figure BDA0001390660320000111
As can be seen from table 1, the ceramic products produced from the ceramic clay mainly composed of shale minerals according to the present invention have high thermal stability, no lead elution and cadmium elution, and low water absorption, and can be used in microwave ovens for cooking food.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (8)

1. The ceramic mud material taking shale minerals as main raw materials is characterized by comprising shale mineral powder and a plasticizer, wherein the mass ratio of the shale mineral powder to the plasticizer is as follows: the shale mineral powder comprises 80-90 parts by weight of plasticizer and 10-20 parts by weight of plasticizer;
the ceramic mud material with shale minerals as main raw materials comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the main material and the auxiliary material are =1:1, wherein the main material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: kaolin, potassium feldspar and limestone = 2-3: 1-2, and the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: sodium humate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and water = 2-3: 1-2: 18-22;
the preparation method of the ceramic mud material taking the shale minerals as the main raw materials comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing shale mineral powder:
s11, primary aging:
carrying out primary ageing on the shale minerals to obtain a primary aged shale material;
s12, secondary ageing:
coarsely crushing the primary aged shale material obtained in the step one S11, primarily sieving, and performing secondary aging to obtain a secondary aged shale material;
s13, fine crushing:
finely crushing the secondary aged shale material obtained in the step one S12, and carrying out tertiary aging to obtain shale mineral powder;
the fine crushing is carried out by adopting a Raymond mill,
step two, plasticizer preparation:
s21, preparing main materials:
uniformly mixing the kaolin, the potassium feldspar and the limestone according to the mass ratio, tamping for 30-40 hours, and elutriating to obtain a main material, wherein the water content of the elutriated main material is 50-70%;
the electric cone is adopted for tamping during tamping;
s22, preparing auxiliary materials:
uniformly mixing the sodium humate, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the water according to the mass ratio to obtain auxiliary materials;
s23, mixing materials:
uniformly mixing the main material obtained in the step II S21 and the auxiliary material obtained in the step S22 to obtain a plasticizer;
step three, ball milling:
uniformly mixing the shale mineral powder obtained in the step one and the plasticizer obtained in the step two according to a mass ratio of 80-90: 10-20 to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture, balls and water according to a mass ratio of 0.9-1.2: 1.3-1.6: 1.5-1.8, and carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball grinding material, wherein the ball milling time is 8-12 hours;
step four, sieving:
sieving the ball-milled material obtained in the step three for the second time to obtain a secondary sieving material, and then sieving the obtained secondary sieving material for the third time to obtain a third sieving material;
step five, filter pressing and aging:
and (4) carrying out filter pressing on the third sieving material obtained in the fourth step to obtain a filter pressing material, and ageing the obtained filter pressing material for four times to obtain the ceramic mud material taking the shale minerals as the main raw material.
2. The ceramic mud material using shale minerals as main raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the time for the first time of ageing in the first step S11 is 1-3 days, the temperature for the first time of ageing is 25-30 ℃, the time for the second time of ageing in the first step S12 is 1-3 days, the temperature for the second time of ageing is 25-30 ℃, the screen mesh is a 15-25 mesh screen during the first sieving in the first step S12, the time for the third time of ageing in the first step S13 is 1-3 days, the temperature for the third time of ageing is 25-30 ℃, and the time for fine crushing in the S13 is 1-2 hours.
3. The ceramic mud material with shale minerals as main raw materials according to claim 1, wherein in the ball milling process in the third step, the balls are high alumina ball stones during ball milling, and the ball milling time is 12 hours.
4. The ceramic mud material using shale minerals as main raw materials according to claim 1, wherein a vibrating screen of 150-250 meshes is adopted in the secondary screening in the step four, a ten thousand mesh screen is adopted in the tertiary screening, and the screen allowance of the ten thousand mesh screen is less than or equal to 2%.
5. The ceramic mud material with shale minerals as main raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the filter pressing material obtained in the fifth step is 20-25%, the filter pressing material is wrapped by a plastic film during the fourth-time ageing, the fourth-time ageing temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the fourth-time ageing time is 1-2 days.
6. The method for producing a ceramic article using the ceramic material slurry containing shale minerals as the main raw material according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic material slurry containing shale minerals as the main raw material is fired to produce a ceramic article in the form of a ceramic green body.
7. The method for manufacturing the ceramic product by using the ceramic mud material with the shale minerals as the main raw material according to claim 6, wherein the water content of the obtained ceramic body is 8-15%, the ceramic body is fired after being naturally dried, the firing temperature is 1120-1320 ℃, and the firing time is 8-12 h.
8. The method for manufacturing ceramic products using the ceramic mud with shale minerals as main raw materials according to claim 6, wherein any one of the following methods is adopted when the ceramic mud with shale minerals as main raw materials is made into ceramic bodies: extrusion, grouting, rolling or hand-made.
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