CN107338650A - 一种新型再生纤维素纤维及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种新型再生纤维素纤维及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107338650A
CN107338650A CN201611065394.4A CN201611065394A CN107338650A CN 107338650 A CN107338650 A CN 107338650A CN 201611065394 A CN201611065394 A CN 201611065394A CN 107338650 A CN107338650 A CN 107338650A
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fiber
cellulosic fibers
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陈娟芬
陈国强
陈东生
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Jiangxi Institute of Fashion Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开一种新型再生纤维素纤维及其制备方法，属于功能纺织品领域。本发明提供的新型再生纤维素纤维包括如下重量份的：珍珠纤维10‑25份；甲壳素纤维13‑27份；大豆蛋白纤维10‑28；莫代尔纤维8‑17份；椰炭纤维12‑35份；茶叶纤维8‑21份；抗菌整理剂10‑19份。本发明提供的新型再生纤维素纤维具有舒适、抗菌、驱蚊、导湿排汗、保暖等功能的同时，还具有良好的阻燃性和高的抗折皱弹性以及高的抗断裂强力。

Description

一种新型再生纤维素纤维及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及功能纺织品领域，具体涉及一种新型再生纤维素纤维。
背景技术
近年来，人们对服装面料的舒适性、健康性、安全性和环保性等要求越来越高，对安全高效抗菌服饰的功能需求越来越多；在生活中，人们不可避免的接触到各种各样的细菌、真菌等微生物，这些微生物在合适的外界条件下，会迅速繁殖，并通过接触等方式传播疾病，影响人们的身体健康和正常的工作、学习和生活。纤维属于多孔性材料，叠加编织后又会形成无数空隙的多层体，因此织物较容易吸附菌类。抗菌整理就是使织物具有抑制菌类生长的功能，维持卫生的衣着生活环境，保证人体健康。抗菌剂的应用起源于第二次世界大战期间，当时德军由于穿抗菌军服而大大减少了伤员的细菌感染。在上世纪60年代，人们大多采用有机抗菌剂生产抗菌纺织品；随着1984年无机抗菌剂开发成功后，抗菌整理得到快速发展，使抗菌剂不仅用于纤维及纺织品，也用于塑料、建筑材料等制品中。目前，日本在抗菌防臭方面研究最为活跃，技术领先，产品已拓展至运动服、地毯、医疗用品等领域。近年来，抗菌研究的重点已经从保护纺织品免受细菌侵袭转移到保护环境和使服用者免受细菌侵袭。进入21世纪，随着老龄社会的到来，卧床老人和在家疗养者逐渐增多，防止褥疮的老人护理用品的需求也呈增加的趋势。由于从生产为主的社会向生活为主的观念转变，开发研究有利于人体健康、有利于地球环境的产品，因此抗菌整理日益受到人们的重视，目前，在衣服基本功能不变的基础上，人们不断的研发衣服的新材料，利用适当的工艺将不同材料的各种功效添加到衣料中，增加了衣服的功能性。衣服除了防寒保暖功效外还具有抵抗紫外线辐射，杀菌除臭，释放负离子和红外线发射等功效。
然而目前抗菌材料添加的成分比较单一，具有的功能也比较单一，不能满足实际的需要。中国专利文献CN103255538A公开一种防紫外抗菌面料及其制备工艺，该现有技术包括重量百分比为10-15％黏胶负离子功能纤维，10-15％大豆蛋白纤维，20-30％麻纤维，5-10羊毛纤维，5-10％纳米竹炭纤维，10-15％甲壳素纤维，2-5％纳米银离子纤维，4-6％抗紫外整理剂，2-4％驱蚊整理剂，该现有技术的面料在具有防紫外线的同时透气性得到提高，同时具有抑菌驱蚊的效果。然其在导湿排汗性能，驱蚊性能、阻燃以及抗皱性能都不甚理想。
发明内容
因此，本发明要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中的再生纤维素纤维在导湿排汗性能，驱蚊性能、阻燃性能以及抗皱性能都不甚理想的缺陷，从而提供一种新型再生纤维素纤维及其制备方法。
为此，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种新型再生纤维素纤维，包括如下重量份的：珍珠纤维10-25份；甲壳素纤维13-27份；大豆蛋白纤维10-28；莫代尔纤维8-17份；椰炭纤维12-35份；茶叶纤维8-21份；抗菌整理剂10-19份。
所述的新型再生纤维素纤维，各组分重量份配比为：珍珠纤维15-20份；甲壳素纤维17-23份；大豆蛋白纤维16-25份；莫代尔纤维10-15份；椰炭纤维20-30份；茶叶纤维11-18份；抗菌整理剂13-17份。
所述的新型再生纤维素纤维，各组分重量份配比为：珍珠纤维17份；甲壳素纤维20份；大豆蛋白纤维21份；莫代尔纤维13份；椰炭纤维25份；茶叶纤维15份；抗菌整理剂15份。
所述抗菌整理剂为包括如下重量份的二氧化硅纳米粒子10-15份；氧化镁纳米粒子7-13份；纳米银9-19份；沸石2-8份；2,3-二羟基二苯甲酮11-25份；N，N-二以及苯乙酰胺15-27份。
所述抗菌整理剂为包括如下重量份的二氧化硅纳米粒子12-14份；氧化镁纳米粒子9-11份；纳米银10-16份；沸石4-6份；2,3-二羟基二苯甲酮15-20份；N，N-二以及苯乙酰胺19-23份。
所述抗菌整理剂为包括如下重量份的二氧化硅纳米粒子13份；氧化镁纳米粒子10份；纳米银13份；沸石5份；2,3-二羟基二苯甲酮17份；N，N-二以及苯乙酰胺20份。
所述二氧化硅纳米粒子和氧化镁纳米粒子的粒径为10-30nm。
所述抗菌整理剂先与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯配置成抗菌整理剂母粒，再行使用。
所述抗菌整理剂母粒按如下方法制备：按比例取抗菌整理剂各组分，并与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，共混，用螺杆挤压机挤出，切粒，制得抗菌母粒，备用，其中共混温度为250-270℃，螺杆旋转速度为100-200rpm。
所述新型再生纤维素纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)将珍珠纤维；甲壳素纤维；大豆蛋白纤维；莫代尔纤维；椰炭纤维；茶叶纤维抗菌整理剂在40-45℃下，加入分散剂、粘结剂、柔软剂，加入100-120份水，混合搅拌均匀，然后晾晒成型；
(2)将上述混合物经过清花、开棉、并条、粗纱、细纱制成功能性纱线条；
(3)将上述功能性纱线条采用针织或机织工艺布匹；
(4)温度控制在42-44℃，然后使用清水冲洗半小时；
(5)加入抗菌整理母粒浸渍经过步骤(4)处理过的布匹30-70分钟，然后再在70-80℃下焙烤，最后定型处理。
本发明技术方案，具有如下优点：
1.本发明提供的新型再生纤维素纤维各组分配比科学合理，各纤维成分中的大分子多糖、蛋白质、氨基酸以及抗菌整理剂中的金属或非金属纳米粒子、沸石以及高分子或小分子有机化合物之间协同增效，并通过缀合或络合作用形成大分子缀合物，从而使得本发明提供的新型再生纤维素纤维具有舒适、抗菌、驱蚊、导湿排汗、保暖等功能的同时，还具有良好的阻燃性和高的抗折皱弹性以及高的抗断裂强力。
2.本发明提供的新型再生纤维素纤维环境污染小、成本低。
3.本发明提供的新型再生纤维素纤维的制备方法简单、方便、易操作。
具体实施方式
提供下述实施例是为了更好地进一步理解本发明，并不局限于所述最佳实施方式，不对本发明的内容和保护范围构成限制，任何人在本发明的启示下或是将本发明与其他现有技术的特征进行组合而得出的任何与本发明相同或相近似的产品，均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例中未注明具体实验步骤或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的常规实验步骤的操作或条件即可进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规试剂产品。
本发明只列举了实施例1所制备的新型再生纤维素纤维的性能测试，实施例2-5所制备的再生纤维素纤维也能达到相同或相近的效果，在此不一一列举。
实施例1
1.制备抗菌整理剂母粒：
(1)按如下配比取二氧化硅13份；氧化镁10份；纳米银13份；沸石5份；2,3-二羟基二苯甲酮17份；N，N-二以及苯乙酰胺20份混合得第一混合物；
(2)取第一混合物9倍重量的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，与第一混合物共混，用螺杆挤压机挤出，切粒，制得抗菌母粒，备用，其中共混温度为250-270℃，螺杆旋转速度为100-200rpm。
2.制备新型再生纤维素纤维：
取如下重量份的珍珠纤维17份；甲壳素纤维20份；大豆蛋白纤维21份；莫代尔纤维13份；椰炭纤维25份；茶叶纤维15份；抗菌整理剂15份，加入110份水，混合搅拌均匀，然后晾晒成型。
然后将上述混合物经过清花、开棉、并条、粗纱、细纱制成功能性纱线条；或将成型的功能性纱线条采用针织或机织工艺布匹；然后控制温度在42℃，使用清水冲洗半小时；
然后加入抗菌整理母粒浸渍经过步骤(4)处理过的布匹30分钟，然后再在70℃下焙烤，最后定型处理，得到成品的新型再生纤维素纤维。
实施例2-5
实施例2-5的制备方法同实施例1，各组分的配比如下：
实施例2-5中的抗菌剂的各组分配比见下表1：
表1实施例2-5中的抗菌剂的各组分配比
实施例/重量份 2 3 4 5
二氧化硅纳米粒子(粒径10-30nm) 10 15 12 14
氧化镁纳米粒子(粒径10-30nm) 13 11 7 9
纳米银(粒径10-30nm) 10 19 16 9
沸石 8 2 6 4
2,3-二羟基二苯甲酮 20 25 11 15
N，N-二以及苯乙酰胺 23 15 27 19
实施例2-5中的新型再生纤维素纤维的各组分配比见下表2：
表2实施例2-5中的新型再生纤维素纤维的各组分配比
对比例1.
按照中国专利文献CN 103255538 A实施例1所公开的内容制备的防紫外再生纤维素纤维，即为X1.
测试例1.
测定实施例1和X1的再生纤维素纤维的驱蚊效果
(1)处理样品：将再生纤维素纤维剪成15cm×8cm。
(2)准备试虫：将蚊虫用乙醚轻度麻醉后放入平皿，并置于冰块上，选出淡色库蚊雌蚊，每50只为一组放入蚊笼中。
(3)观察效果：将小白鼠固定腹部脱毛后，用处理样品覆在腹部，并用塑料包裹，暴露出2cm×4cm面积，以未处理样品同样处理为对照。在控温实验室，将试鼠放入笼中，观察淡色库蚊15min在样品上停落的蚊数。
(4)数据处理：计算蚊虫停落频率(平均每只蚊虫停落次数)。
表3实施例1的新型再生纤维素纤维的驱蚊效果表
测试例2
测定实施例1和X1制备的新型再生纤维素纤维的阻燃性能、抗紫外性能和抗菌性能
检测单位：中国纺织科学研究院测试中心：国家纺织品质监督中心。
检测功能指标：
(1)阻燃性能
阻燃试验：试样尺寸mm(mm)150乘以58，盐指数OI(％)为34。
(2)防紫外性能和抗菌性能
A.防紫外性能和抗菌性能(按常规微生物检测方法检测)：具体实验结果如表4所示：
表4新型再生纤维素纤维的抗紫外、抗菌性能检测结果
表4所示的抗菌实验结果表明本发明提供您的再生纤维素纤维具有较好的抗菌效果，其中对金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6358)、肺炎杆菌和白色念珠菌(ATCC10231)的抑菌效果分别达到了99％、99％和＞98％，且实验结果表明本发明提供的新型再生纤维素纤维具有很好的阻燃和抗紫外效果，符合国家标准的要求。
B.导湿性能检测，导湿性能检测结果如表4
表4新型再生纤维素纤维的导湿性能检测
测试例3
测定实施例1和X1制备的新型再生纤维素纤维的折皱回复角
测试参照GB/T3819-1997《纺织品织物折痕恢复性的测定回复角法》测试。经向缓弹性回复角与纬向缓弹性回复角之和反映织物的抗折皱弹性。测试结果见表5
表5新型再生纤维素纤维与对比例抗折皱性能比较
由表5可以看出，本发明的新型再生纤维素纤维的抗折皱弹性远远优于对比例X1的再生纤维素纤维。并且烘焙温度和烘培时间对本发明的新型再生纤维素纤维的抗折皱弹性影响不大。
本发明提供您的新型再生纤维素纤维的其他质量标准为：断裂强度在2.5CN/tdex，断裂伸长在130％，线密度变异系数CVb1.8％(FZ/T54003-2004),线密度偏差率在2.5％之间(FZ/T54003-2004)，染色均匀度，(灰卡)级≥4(GB/T6508-2001)，色牢度＞4.5级。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

1.一种新型再生纤维素纤维，其特征在于，包括如下重量份的：珍珠纤维10-25份；甲壳素纤维13-27份；大豆蛋白纤维10-28；莫代尔纤维8-17份；椰炭纤维12-35份；茶叶纤维8-21份；抗菌整理剂10-19份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型再生纤维素纤维，其特征在于，各组分重量份配比为：珍珠纤维15-20份；甲壳素纤维17-23份；大豆蛋白纤维16-25份；莫代尔纤维10-15份；椰炭纤维20-30份；茶叶纤维11-18份；抗菌整理剂13-17份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的新型再生纤维素纤维，其特征在于，各组分重量份配比为：珍珠纤维17份；甲壳素纤维20份；大豆蛋白纤维21份；莫代尔纤维13份；椰炭纤维25份；茶叶纤维15份；抗菌整理剂15份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的新型再生纤维素纤维，其特征在于，所述抗菌整理剂为包括如下重量份的二氧化硅纳米粒子10-15份；氧化镁纳米粒子7-13份；纳米银9-19份；沸石2-8份；2,3-二羟基二苯甲酮11-25份；N，N-二以及苯乙酰胺15-27份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的新型再生纤维素纤维，其特征在于，所述抗菌整理剂为包括如下重量份的二氧化硅纳米粒子12-14份；氧化镁纳米粒子9-11份；纳米银10-16份；沸石4-6份；2,3-二羟基二苯甲酮15-20份；N，N-二以及苯乙酰胺19-23份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的新型再生纤维素纤维，其特征在于，所述抗菌整理剂为包括如下重量份的二氧化硅纳米粒子13份；氧化镁纳米粒子10份；纳米银13份；沸石5份；2,3-二羟基二苯甲酮17份；N，N-二以及苯乙酰胺20份。
7.根据权利要求6所述的新型再生纤维素纤维，其特征在于，所述二氧化硅纳米粒子和氧化镁纳米粒子的粒径为10-30nm。
8.根据权利要求7所述的新型再生纤维素纤维，其特征在于，所述抗菌整理剂先与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯配置成抗菌整理剂母粒，再行使用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的新型再生纤维素纤维，其特征在于，所述抗菌整理剂母粒按如下方法制备：按比例取抗菌整理剂各组分，并与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，共混，用螺杆挤压机挤出，切粒，制得抗菌母粒，备用，其中共混温度为250-270℃，螺杆旋转速度为100-200rpm。
10.权利要求1-9任一所述新型再生纤维素纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，
(1)将珍珠纤维；甲壳素纤维；大豆蛋白纤维；莫代尔纤维；椰炭纤维；茶叶纤维抗菌整理剂在40-45℃下，加入分散剂、粘结剂、柔软剂，加入100-120份水，混合搅拌均匀，然后晾晒成型；
(2)将上述混合物经过清花、开棉、并条、粗纱、细纱制成功能性纱线条；
(3)温度控制在42-44℃，然后使用清水冲洗半小时；
(4)加入抗菌整理母粒浸渍经过步骤(3)功能性纱线条30-70分钟，然后再在70-80℃下焙烤，最后定型处理。
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