CN107335804A - 一种3d打印含亚稳奥氏体17‑ph4不锈钢生产方法 - Google Patents

一种3d打印含亚稳奥氏体17‑ph4不锈钢生产方法 Download PDF

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CN107335804A
CN107335804A CN201710087989.8A CN201710087989A CN107335804A CN 107335804 A CN107335804 A CN 107335804A CN 201710087989 A CN201710087989 A CN 201710087989A CN 107335804 A CN107335804 A CN 107335804A
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printing
laser beam
structural member
stainless steel
diameter
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吴苏州
陈俊孚
李晓云
任嵬
陈明惠
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Wuhan Bote Crystal Technology Co Ltd
SHENZHEN JINGLAI NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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SHENZHEN JINGLAI NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于金属材料领域，提供在一种广泛用于航空航天、医疗器械等高端制造业具有抗拉强度超过1000Mp，均匀延伸率超过25%，组织结构为马氏体和亚稳奥氏体结构的17‑4PH不锈钢结构件的3D打印和热处理工艺，其流程为3D打印使用功率为1kw‑5 kw的CO2激光熔覆制造系统，激光束的直径为0.5 mm‑1mm，激光束的移动速度为500mm/min‑800mm/min。热处理流程为先在600℃进行退火，退火时间为120分钟。然后空冷，然后在200℃进行回火，回火时间为1小时，然后空冷至常温。

Description

一种3D打印含亚稳奥氏体17-PH4不锈钢生产方法
技术领域
本发明属于金属材料领域，提供一种适合3D打印金属粉末激光熔覆制造马氏体和亚稳奥氏体共生组织结构的17-PH4不锈钢结构件方法。
背景技术
组织结构为马氏体的17-PH4不锈钢结构件是一种析出强化钢并广泛应用于医疗器具、航空航天等领域金属结构材料。该结构材料利用传统的锻造工艺涉及一系列的热加工过程，耗时且由于较大的原材料损耗造成较高的生产成本。增材制造技术，即3D打印金属粉末激光熔覆制造技术可以实现17-PH4不锈钢结构件通过预先设定的形状实现逐层材料融化堆积，实现近终型制造。相比较传统制造工艺，其具有成本优势以及快速制造复杂形状结构件的能力，得到医疗、航空航天等工业部门的青睐。
传统锻造工艺生产的17-PH4不锈钢是含Cr马氏体析出强化不锈钢，由于热处理过程中通过退火和回火来固熔处理，促进含铜析出物相的析出，且微观组织全部为马氏体结构。而在3D打印制造过程中，用于快速凝固而形成过冷来阻止部分亚稳奥氏体向马氏体转变，形成马氏体和亚稳奥氏体共生的组织结构。该共生组织结构的结构件在发生应变时亚稳态奥氏体可以产生马氏体相变，导致形变诱导塑性现象，在材料加工硬化过程同时增加材料塑性。
发明内容
本发明提供一种3D打印含亚稳奥氏体17-PH4不锈钢方法，进而得到最佳的微观组织结构以及力学性能。3D打印使用功率为1kw -5 kw 的CO2激光熔覆制造系统，激光束的直径为0.5 mm -1mm，激光束的移动速度为500mm/min-800mm/min，在3D打印结束后进行退火和回火热处理。
首先是3D打印功率对微观结构的影响：3D打印使用功率为1kw -5 kw选择3个功率参数分别为1 kw、3 kw、5 kw，在其他参数如激光束直径、激光束移动速度以及后续热处理参数不变情况下，发现3D打印后组织结构包含亚稳态奥氏体结构体积分数分别为26%，32%，38%，表明3D打印激光器功率越大，获得亚稳态奥氏体结构体积分数越多。
其次是激光束的直径对微观结构的影响：3D打印激光器激光束的直径为0.5 mm 、0.8mm、1mm，在其他3D打印激光器参数以及后续热处理参数不变情况下，发现3D打印后组织结构包含亚稳态奥氏体结构体积分数分别为30.2%，28.4%，27.6%，表明3D打印激光器激光束直径越大，获得亚稳态奥氏体结构体积分数越少。
然后3D打印激光器激光束的运动速率对微观结构也有重要影响：3D打印激光器激光束的运动速率分别为500mm/min、650mm/min、800mm/min，在其他3D打印激光器参数以及后续热处理参数不变情况下，发现3D打印后组织结构包含亚稳态奥氏体结构体积分数分别为31.6%，28.4%，27.6%，表明3D打印激光器激光束表明3D打印激光器激光束运动速率越大，获得亚稳态奥氏体结构体积分数越少。
完成3D打印环节制成结构件后，热处理工艺流程为先在450℃与650℃温度区间进行退火，退火时间为30分钟至2个小时，然后空冷，然后在250℃与350℃温度区间回火，回火时间为1小时至4小时。
3D打印后组织结构包含大量的亚稳态奥氏体结构，拉伸试验结果显示大量塑性变形耦合明显的加工硬化，导致材料达到1000MPa的高拉伸强度以及高达25%以上的延伸率。
具体实施内容
3D打印金属粉末融覆制造17-PH4析出强化不锈钢结构件过程使用5kw CO2激光熔覆制造系统，激光束的直径为5mm，激光束的移动速度为800mm/min，粉末的运动速率为500g/小时。热处理流程为先在600℃进行退火，退火时间为120分钟，然后空冷，然后在300℃进行回火，回火时间为1小时，然后空冷至常温。
本方案的运行效果是3D打印出来一种具有抗拉强度超过1000Mp，均匀延伸率超过25%的机构件。与传统锻造工艺生产17-4析出强化不锈钢结构件相比，3D打印金属粉末融覆制造结构件微观组织为50-70%包含高密度位错结构的马氏体和20-50%的亚稳态奥氏体结构，在形变过程中，该亚稳态奥氏体结构具体加工硬化现象，发生马氏体相变，大大增强材料的塑性和强度，使得结构件的力学性能大大优于传统锻造工艺。

Claims (8)

1.3D打印金属粉末融覆制造结构件微观组织为马氏体和亚稳态奥氏体结构的17-4PH不锈钢结构件，结构件样品的力学性能为抗拉强度超过1000Mp，均匀延伸率超过25%，其流程为3D打印使用合适功率，激光束直径以及激光束运动速率的CO2激光熔覆制造系统，然后进行合适温度和时间的退火和回火热处理。
2.权利要求1中结构件中微观结构体积分数为50-70%马氏体和20-50%的亚稳态奥氏体结构。
3.权利要求1中，3D打印使用功率为1kw 至5 kw。
4.权利要求1中，3D打印激光器激光束的直径为0.5 mm 至1mm。
5.权利要求1中，3D打印激光器激光束的运动速率直径为500mm/min至800mm/min。
6.权利要求1中，退火温度为450℃-650℃，450℃与650℃温度区间进行退火，退火时间为30分钟至2个小时。
7.权利要求1中，回火温度为250℃至350℃温度区间，回火时间为1小时至4小时。
8.如权利要求1所述的生产方法，其热处理后结构件样品的力学性能为超过抗拉强度超过1000Mp，均匀延伸率超过25%。
CN201710087989.8A 2017-02-21 2017-02-21 一种3d打印含亚稳奥氏体17‑ph4不锈钢生产方法 Pending CN107335804A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112589117A (zh) * 2020-12-11 2021-04-02 成都天齐增材智造有限责任公司 增材制造的17-4ph材料及其快速热处理工艺
CN113399779A (zh) * 2020-03-16 2021-09-17 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 用于奥氏体不锈钢增材制造的装置及方法

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113399779A (zh) * 2020-03-16 2021-09-17 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 用于奥氏体不锈钢增材制造的装置及方法
CN113399779B (zh) * 2020-03-16 2023-09-22 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 用于奥氏体不锈钢增材制造的装置及方法
CN112589117A (zh) * 2020-12-11 2021-04-02 成都天齐增材智造有限责任公司 增材制造的17-4ph材料及其快速热处理工艺
CN112589117B (zh) * 2020-12-11 2023-10-17 成都天齐增材智造有限责任公司 增材制造的17-4ph材料及其快速热处理工艺

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