CN107327532B - 一种自供电压电流体阻尼器 - Google Patents

一种自供电压电流体阻尼器 Download PDF

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CN107327532B
CN107327532B CN201710729569.5A CN201710729569A CN107327532B CN 107327532 B CN107327532 B CN 107327532B CN 201710729569 A CN201710729569 A CN 201710729569A CN 107327532 B CN107327532 B CN 107327532B
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piezoelectric vibrator
cavity
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cylinder body
elastic diaphragm
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CN107327532A (zh
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阚君武
刘志浩
陈松
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Mudanjiang Power Supply Co Of State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Co ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Zhejiang Normal University CJNU
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/34Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/3207Constructional features
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/3207Constructional features
    • F16F9/3235Constructional features of cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/50Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics
    • F16F9/512Means responsive to load action, i.e. static load on the damper or dynamic fluid pressure changes in the damper, e.g. due to changes in velocity

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种自供电压电流体阻尼器,属减振技术领域。底座上装有缸体,缸体侧壁凸台上装有压电振子一、弹性隔膜、压电振子二和限位环;弹性隔膜两侧装有环形顶块;压电振子一和二都由基板和压电片粘接而成,压电振子一和二端部压在环形顶块上;缸体侧壁上装有接线柱和电路板,接线柱一与压电振子一和二连接、另一端与电路板相连,电路板与阻尼阀相连,阻尼阀与缸体的上下通孔相连;缸体内自上而下依次套有活塞和隔板,活塞和隔板间装有平衡弹簧;活塞、隔板及弹性隔膜将底座与缸体所围成的空腔分隔成上下阻尼腔和上下缓冲腔;上阻尼腔经上通孔、阻尼阀及下通孔与下阻尼腔相连;上缓冲腔经弹性隔膜上的阻尼孔与下缓冲腔相连通。

Description

一种自供电压电流体阻尼器
技术领域
本发明属于振动控制技术领域,具体涉及一种自供电压电流体阻尼器。
背景技术
液压阻尼器在交通工具、机械设备等的振动控制领域已有广泛应用。早期的被动式液压阻尼器结构简单、成本低、技术较成熟,但因阻尼不可调,其减振效果及环境的适应性较差,不适于某些要求振动控制效果较好的场合,如汽车发动机及车架悬置、大型精密仪器设备减振等。因此,人们提出了主动式、半主动式可调液压阻尼器,即利用电机驱动液压泵提供动力、并由电磁换向/溢流/减压阀进行控制的主动式可调阻尼器。比之于被动式不可调液压阻尼器,主动式可调液压阻尼器的控制效果好、振动环境的适应能力强,已在汽车主动悬置等方面获得成功应用。现有的主动式液压阻尼调节技术需要持续的外部能量供应,因此具有体积庞大、连接及控制较复杂、可靠性低的局限性;为解决这些问题,人们曾提出过多种形式的基于压电能量回收的阻尼器,但这些阻尼器中利用的都是压电振子的双向弯曲变形发电的,易因压电片所受拉应力过大而损毁,故可靠性仍有待提高。
发明内容
本发明提出一种自供电压电流体阻尼器,本发明采用的实施方案是:底座上经螺钉安装有缸体,缸体侧壁内侧凸台上经螺钉和压板自下而上压接有压电振子一、弹性隔膜、压电振子二和限位环;弹性隔膜的两侧经铆钉安装有环形顶块;压电振子一和二都由基板和压电片粘接而成,基板靠近弹性隔膜安装,压电振子一和二的端部都压在环形顶块上;缸体侧壁上安装有接线柱,缸体侧壁的外侧经螺钉和垫圈安装有电路板,接线柱一端经导线组与压电振子一和二连接,另一端经导线组与电路板相连,电路板经导线与阻尼阀相连,阻尼阀经管路与缸体上的上通孔及下通孔相连接;缸体内自上而下依次套有活塞和隔板,活塞和隔板之间安装有平衡弹簧,活塞杆从缸体的上壁伸出,活塞杆上安装有重物;活塞、隔板及弹性隔膜将底座与缸体所围成的空腔分隔成上阻尼腔、下阻尼腔、上缓冲腔和下缓冲腔;上阻尼腔经上通孔、阻尼阀及下通孔与下阻尼腔相连,上阻尼腔和下阻尼腔中充满液体;上缓冲腔经弹性隔膜上的阻尼孔与下缓冲腔相连通,上缓冲腔和下缓冲腔中充满高压惰性气体。
本发明中,压电振子一和二安装前为平直结构、安装后为弯曲结构且压电片承受压应力;非工作时压电片上最大的压应力为其许用压应力的50%,此时所对应的压电振子一和二自由端的变形量为
Figure BSA0000149574830000011
其中:B=1-α+αβ,A=α4(1-β)2-4α3(1-β)+6α2(1-β)-4α(1-β)+1,
Figure BSA0000149574830000021
α=hm/H,β=Em/Ep,hm为基板厚度,H为压电振子一和二的总厚度,Em和Ep分别为基板和压电片的杨氏模量,k31
Figure BSA0000149574830000022
分别为压电陶瓷材料的机电耦合系数和许用压应力,L为压电振子一和二的长度。
非工作状态下,弹性隔膜不发生弯曲变形,弹性隔膜两侧对称安装的压电振子一和二的变形和受力状态分别相同,工作中,活塞上下运动并使上阻尼腔、下阻尼腔、上缓冲腔及下缓冲腔的容积发生相应的变化,再经弹性隔膜及环形顶块迫使压电振子一和二产生往复的单向弯曲变形,从而将机械能转换成电能,此为压电发电过程:
活塞向上运动时,上阻尼腔容积减小、下阻尼腔容积增加,流体经阻尼阀由上阻尼腔流入下阻尼腔;同时,隔板向上运动,上缓冲腔容积增加、气体压强减小,弹性隔膜向上弯曲变形,且下缓冲腔内的部分气体由阻尼孔流入上缓冲腔;弹性隔膜向上弯曲变形时,压电振子二在环形顶块作用下变形量逐渐增加、压电振子一的变形量逐渐减小;活塞向下运动时,上阻尼腔容积增加、下阻尼腔容积减小,流体经阻尼阀由下阻尼腔流向上阻尼腔;同时,隔板向下运动,上缓冲腔容积减小、气体压强增加,弹性隔膜向下弯曲变形,且上缓冲腔内的部分气体由阻尼孔流入下缓冲腔;弹性隔膜向下弯曲变形时,压电振子一在环形顶块作用下变形量逐渐增加、压电振子二的变形量逐渐减小。
压电振子一和二所产生的电能处理后用于阻尼阀控制,即根据实际情况使阻尼阀的通流面积增加或减小,此为阻尼控制过程。
优势与特色:能量自给、不需要外界电源及传感器,故结构简单、体积小、集成化程度高;含有主动阻尼和被动阻尼两种减振环节,有效频带宽、减振效果好;利用弹性膜片激励压电振子发电,压电片仅承受分布均匀且可控的压应力,可靠性高、发电量大。
附图说明
图1是本发明一个较佳实施例的结构剖面示意图;
图2是图1的A-A剖视图。
具体实施方式:
底座a上经螺钉安装有缸体b,缸体侧壁b1内侧凸台上经螺钉和压板c自下而上压接有压电振子一d、弹性隔膜e、压电振子二d’和限位环f;弹性隔膜e的两侧经铆钉安装有环形顶块g;压电振子一d和压电振子二d’都由基板d1和压电片d2粘接而成,基板d1靠近弹性隔膜e安装,电振子一d和压电振子二d’的端部都压在环形顶块g上;缸体侧壁b1上安装有接线柱h,缸体侧壁b1的外侧经螺钉和垫圈i安装有电路板j,接线柱h一端经导线组与压电振子一d和压电振子二d’连接,另一端经导线组与电路板j相连,电路板j经导线与阻尼阀k相连,阻尼阀k经管路与缸体b上的上通孔b2及下通孔b3相连接;缸体b内自上而下依次套有活塞m和隔板n,活塞m和隔板n之间安装有平衡弹簧p,活塞杆m1从缸体b的上壁伸出,活塞杆m1上安装有重物q;活塞m、隔板n及弹性隔膜e将底座a与缸体b所围成的空腔分隔成上阻尼腔C1、下阻尼腔C2、上缓冲腔C3和下缓冲腔C4;上阻尼腔C1经上通孔b2、阻尼阀k及下通孔b3与下阻尼腔C2相连,上阻尼腔C1和下阻尼腔C2中充满液体;上缓冲腔C3经弹性隔膜e上的阻尼孔e1与下缓冲腔C4相连通,上缓冲腔C3和下缓冲腔C4中充满高压惰性气体。
本发明中,压电振子一d和压电振子二d’安装前为平直结构、安装后为弯曲结构且压电片d2承受压应力;非工作时压电片d2上最大的压应力为其许用压应力的50%,此时所对应的压电振子一d和压电振子二d’自由端的变形量为
Figure BSA0000149574830000031
其中:B=1-α+αβ,A=α4(1-β)2-4α3(1-β)+6α2(1-β)-4α(1-β)+1,
Figure BSA0000149574830000032
α=hm/H,β=Em/Ep,hm为基板d1厚度,H为压电振子一d和压电振子二d’的总厚度,Em和Ep分别为基板d1和压电片d2的杨氏模量,k31
Figure BSA0000149574830000033
分别为压电陶瓷材料的机电耦合系数和许用压应力,L为压电振子一d和压电振子二d’的长度。
非工作状态下,弹性隔膜e不发生弯曲变形,弹性隔膜e两侧对称安装的压电振子一d和压电振子二d’的变形和受力状态分别相同,工作中,活塞m上下运动并使上阻尼腔C1、下阻尼腔C2、上缓冲腔C3及下缓冲腔C4的容积发生相应的变化,再经弹性隔膜e及环形顶块g迫使压电振子一d和压电振子二d’产生往复的单向弯曲变形,从而将机械能转换成电能,此为压电发电过程:
活塞m向上运动时,上阻尼腔C1容积减小、下阻尼腔C2容积增加,流体经阻尼阀k由上阻尼腔C1流入下阻尼腔C2;同时,隔板n向上运动,上缓冲腔C3容积增加、气体压强减小,弹性隔膜e向上弯曲变形,且下缓冲腔C4内的部分气体经阻尼孔e1流入上缓冲腔C3;弹性隔膜e向上弯曲变形时,压电振子二d’在环形顶块g的作用下变形量逐渐增加、压电振子一d的变形量逐渐减小;活塞m向下运动时,上阻尼腔C1容积增加、下阻尼腔C2容积减小,流体经阻尼阀k由下阻尼腔C2流向上阻尼腔C1;同时,隔板n向下运动,上缓冲腔C3容积减小、气体压强增加,弹性隔膜e向下弯曲变形,且上缓冲腔C3内的部分气体经阻尼孔e1流入下缓冲腔C4;弹性隔膜e向下弯曲变形时,压电振子一d在环形顶块g的作用下变形量逐渐增加、压电振子二d’的变形量逐渐减小。
压电振子一d和压电振子二d’所产生的电能处理后用于阻尼阀k控制,即根据实际情况使阻尼阀k的通流面积增加或减小,此为阻尼控制过程。

Claims (1)

1.一种自供电压电流体阻尼器,其特征在于:底座上经螺钉安装有缸体,缸体侧壁内侧凸台上经螺钉和压板自下而上压接有压电振子一、弹性隔膜、压电振子二和限位环;弹性隔膜两侧经铆钉安装有环形顶块;压电振子一和压电振子二都由基板和压电片粘接而成,基板靠近弹性隔膜安装,压电振子一和压电振子二的自由端都压在环形顶块上;压电振子一和二安装前为平直结构、安装后为弯曲结构且压电片承受压应力;缸体侧壁上安装有接线柱,缸体侧壁的外侧经螺钉和垫圈安装有电路板,接线柱一端经导线组与压电振子一和压电振子二连接,另一端经导线组与电路板相连,电路板经导线与阻尼阀相连,阻尼阀经管路与缸体上的上通孔及下通孔相连接;缸体内自上而下依次套有活塞和隔板,活塞和隔板之间安装有平衡弹簧,活塞杆从缸体的上壁伸出,活塞杆上安装有重物;活塞、隔板及弹性隔膜将底座与缸体所围成的空腔分隔成上阻尼腔、下阻尼腔、上缓冲腔和下缓冲腔;上阻尼腔经上通孔、阻尼阀及下通孔与下阻尼腔相连,上阻尼腔和下阻尼腔中充满液体;上缓冲腔经弹性隔膜上的阻尼孔与下缓冲腔相连通,上缓冲腔和下缓冲腔中充满高压惰性气体;非工作状态下,弹性隔膜不发生弯曲变形,弹性隔膜两侧对称安装的压电振子一和压电振子二的变形和受力状态分别相同;工作中,活塞上下运动并使上阻尼腔、下阻尼腔、上缓冲腔及下缓冲腔的容积发生相应的变化,再经弹性隔膜及环形顶块迫使压电振子一和压电振子二产生往复的单向弯曲变形,从而将机械能转换成电能,电能处理后用于阻尼阀控制。
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