CN107321334A - 一种改性银杏外种皮‑海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种改性银杏外种皮‑海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107321334A CN107321334A CN201710763028.4A CN201710763028A CN107321334A CN 107321334 A CN107321334 A CN 107321334A CN 201710763028 A CN201710763028 A CN 201710763028A CN 107321334 A CN107321334 A CN 107321334A
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- alginate
- gingko episperm
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- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28016—Particle form
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种改性银杏外种皮‑海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法。该方法首先将洗净的银杏外种皮粉碎,然后将其加入到二胺或多胺的碱性溶液中,反应一定时间后离心,并将离心液与酚类化合物反应一定时间后浓缩,随后加入一定量聚合物,并与海藻酸盐溶液共混,搅拌下注入氯化钙溶液,制得改性银杏外种皮‑海藻酸盐微球吸附材料。该制备方法过程简单、操作方便、工艺可控、条件温和、重复性好、成本低廉、便于推广使用,制得的改性银杏外种皮‑海藻酸盐微球吸附材料具有良好的吸附重金属离子、有机污染物的性能,同时还在减少污染、清洁环境具有一定的创新意义,具有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸附剂的制备,具体涉及一种改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法,属于改性天然高分子材料技术领域。
背景技术
环境污染是当今世界面临的严峻的问题之一,也是急需解决的棘手问题之一。其中,重金属离子大部分属致癌、致畸、致突变的剧毒物质,在环境中不能生物降解,一旦造成污染就很难通过自净消除,而且水体中含有重金属离子可沿食物链被生物吸附和富集,在人体内累积, 导致各种疾病和机能紊乱;印染废水含大量的有机污染物,排入水体将消耗溶解氧,破坏水生态平衡,危及鱼类和其它水生生物的生存,其污染可以导致变应性皮炎、肝肾器官衰竭以及基因突变等疾病的产生,同时染料能吸收光线,降低水体透明度,严重影响受纳水体外观,造成视觉上的污染。现在,处理的常用方法主要有化学沉淀、物理吸附和生物富集等。其中,吸附法相对其他方法具有操作简单、去除速率快、高效、经济、简便等诸多优点,被认为是最有发展前景的处理环境污染的方法之一。
银杏,为世界上最古老的树种之一,素有“活化石”之称。银杏的外种皮是银杏种子外层的肉质皮层,即种子硬壳外面的部分,其重量约占种子总重量的75%。经科学家研究发现,银杏外种皮含有大量的化学物质,主要成分有:烃基酚和酚酸类、双黄酮类、银杏内酯类、甾醇和甾酮类、白果醇、棕榈酮、儿茶酚氨基酸、鞣质和糖类等。然而,在取银杏果仁后,外种皮通常作为废物被丢弃,不仅造成资源浪费,还造成周围气味难闻,还使得周围水域污染、鱼虾死亡,甚至威胁到人畜饮用水安全,造成相当大的环境压力。因此,如何开展银杏外种皮的合理高效利用,促进银杏外种皮的产业化加工利用,是一项紧迫的任务。
人们对银杏外种皮的研究已经起步,例如,利用银杏外种皮加工饮品(CN105558732 A)和动物饲料(CN 105595011 A),从银杏外种皮中提取银杏酸(CN 103159612A)、果胶(CN 106810620 A)等,利用银杏外种皮提取物做中药(CN 106389484 A)、生物农药(CN 103749550 B),通过发酵将银杏外种皮加以利用(CN 106636214 A)等。但利用银杏外种皮制备吸附材料的研究,尚未见系统的报道。
发明内容
为克服银杏外种皮废弃既造成资源浪费又造成环境污染的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法,该制备方法操作方便、过程简单、工艺可控、条件温和、重复性好、成本低廉、便于推广使用,制得的银杏外种皮吸附材料具有良好的吸附重金属离子、有机污染物的性能,同时还可以减少污染、清洁环境,具有广泛的应用前景。
为实现本发明的目的,提供以下技术方案:
一种改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于以下步骤:
(1) 将洗净的银杏外种皮粉碎,然后将其加入到二胺或多胺的碱性溶液中,反应一定时间后离心;(2)将酚类化合物加入离心液反应一定时间后浓缩至浓度为1-10wt%,随后加入一定量聚乙烯醇,搅拌均匀,与浓度为1-10wt%海藻酸盐溶液共混,其中所述聚乙烯醇和海藻酸盐的质量比为0.05-0.5:1,海藻酸盐与改性银杏外种皮的重量比为1:0.5-5;(3) 将制得的海藻酸盐与改性银杏外种皮混合溶液注入不断搅拌的浓度为1-5wt%的氯化钙溶液中,形成小球静置硬化,滤出小球,洗涤、干燥,即可制得改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附材料。
进一步的,所述的二胺为乙二胺、丁二胺、己二胺、对苯二胺中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述的多胺为多乙烯多胺、聚烯丙基胺、聚-ε-赖氨酸、聚乙烯亚胺中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述的二胺和银杏外种皮的质量比例为0.05~ 1.2 : 1。
进一步的,所述的多胺和银杏外种皮的质量比例为0.02 ~ 10 : 1。
进一步的,所述的多乙烯多胺为多乙烯多胺为二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺、五乙烯六胺或六乙烯七胺中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述的聚烯丙基胺为聚烯丙基胺、聚烯丙基胺盐酸盐、聚烯丙基胺硫酸盐、聚烯丙基胺磷酸盐。
进一步的,所述的酚类化合物为邻苯三酚、没食子酸、单宁酸、邻苯二酚中的一种或多种。
进一步的,所述的海藻酸盐为海藻酸钠、海藻酸钙、海藻酸钾、海藻酸铵中的一种或多种。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
通过本发明所述方法而制备的银杏外种皮吸附材料具有良好的吸附重金属离子、有机污染物的性能,可以应用于多种废水的处理中,具有广泛的应用范围;而且制备方法操作方便、过程简单、工艺可控、条件温和、重复性好、成本低廉、便于推广使用。此外,对银杏外种皮的利用,还可以减少其对环境的污染、清洁并保护环境。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。以下实施例旨在说明本发明而不是对本发明的进一步限定。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1:
将10 g洗净粉碎的银杏外种皮加入100 ml水中,用碳酸钠调pH至8.5,随后加入己二胺1.16 g,搅拌反应24 h后离心,将0.8 g邻苯三酚加入离心液浓反应2天,通过旋蒸浓缩至浓度为5 wt%,随后加入0.5 g聚乙烯醇,搅拌均匀,与浓度为3 wt%海藻酸盐溶液共混,随后通过注射器滴入断搅拌的浓度为2 wt%的氯化钙溶液中,形成小球静置硬化6 h后,滤出小球,洗涤、干燥,即可制得改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附材料。
通过以上方法得到的改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附材料,对罗丹明 6G的吸附量为125 mg/g。
实施例2:
将10 g洗净粉碎的银杏外种皮加入pH=12的100 ml氢氧化钠溶液中,随后加入己二胺2.32g,搅拌反应48 h后离心,将0.5 g没食子酸加入离心液浓反应3天,通过旋蒸浓缩至浓度为8 wt%,随后加入0.8 g聚乙烯醇,搅拌均匀,与浓度为2 wt%海藻酸盐溶液共混,随后通过注射器滴入断搅拌的浓度为2 wt%的氯化钙溶液中,形成小球静置硬化12 h后,滤出小球,洗涤、干燥,即可制得改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球。
通过以上方法得到的改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附材料,在pH=2的条件下对六价铬的吸附量达215 mg/g。
实施例3:
将15g洗净粉碎的银杏外种皮加入100 ml水中,用氢氧化钠调pH至10,随后加入丁二胺2.64 g,搅拌反应36 h后离心,将1.8 g单宁酸加入离心液浓反应2天,通过旋蒸浓缩至浓度为3 wt%,随后加入1.5 g聚乙烯醇,搅拌均匀,与浓度为2 wt%海藻酸盐溶液共混,随后通过注射器滴入断搅拌的浓度为3 wt%的氯化钙溶液中,形成小球静置硬化8 h后,滤出小球,洗涤、干燥,即可制得改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附材料。
通过以上方法得到的改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附材料,对刚果红的吸附量为127 mg/g。
实施例4:
将20 g洗净粉碎的银杏外种皮加入pH=11的100ml氢氧化钠溶液中,随后加入二乙烯三胺1.03 g,搅拌反应36 h后离心,将0.8 g邻苯二酚加入离心液浓反应2天,通过旋蒸浓缩至浓度为5 wt%,随后加入0.5 g聚乙烯醇,搅拌均匀,与浓度为3 wt%海藻酸盐溶液共混,随后通过注射器滴入断搅拌的浓度为2 wt%的氯化钙溶液中,形成小球静置硬化6 h后,滤出小球,洗涤、干燥,即可制得改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附材料。
通过以上方法得到的改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附材料,在pH值为5时,对铅离子的吸附量为55mg/g。
Claims (9)
1.一种改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于以下步骤:
(1) 将洗净的银杏外种皮粉碎,然后将其加入到二胺或多胺的碱性溶液中,反应一定时间后离心;(2)将酚类化合物加入离心液反应一定时间后浓缩至浓度为1-10wt%,随后加入一定量聚乙烯醇,搅拌均匀,与浓度为1-10wt%海藻酸盐溶液共混,其中所述聚乙烯醇和海藻酸盐的质量比为0.05-0.5:1,海藻酸盐与改性银杏外种皮的重量比为1:0.5-5;(3)将制得的海藻酸盐与改性银杏外种皮混合溶液注入不断搅拌的浓度为1-5wt%的氯化钙溶液中,形成小球静置硬化,滤出小球,洗涤、干燥,即可制得改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附材料。
该制备方法过程简单、操作方便、工艺可控、条件温和、重复性好、成本低廉、便于推广使用,制得的银杏外种皮吸附材料具有良好的吸附重金属离子、有机污染物的性能,同时还可以减少污染、清洁环境,具有广泛的应用前景。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述的二胺为乙二胺、丁二胺、己二胺、对苯二胺中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述的多胺为多乙烯多胺、聚烯丙基胺、聚-ε-赖氨酸、聚乙烯亚胺中的至少一种。
4. 如权利要求1所述的一种改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述的二胺和银杏外种皮的质量比例为0.05~ 1.2 : 1。
5. 如权利要求1所述的一种改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述的多胺和银杏外种皮的质量比例为0.02 ~ 10 : 1。
6.如权利要求3所述的一种改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述的多乙烯多胺为多乙烯多胺为二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺、五乙烯六胺或六乙烯七胺中的至少一种。
7.如权利要求3所述的一种改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述的聚烯丙基胺为聚烯丙基胺、聚烯丙基胺盐酸盐、聚烯丙基胺硫酸盐、聚烯丙基胺磷酸盐。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述的酚类化合物为邻苯三酚、没食子酸、单宁酸、邻苯二酚中的一种或多种。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种改性银杏外种皮-海藻酸盐微球吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述的海藻酸盐为海藻酸钠、海藻酸钙、海藻酸钾、海藻酸铵中的一种或多种。
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