CN107321186B - A kind of nanofiltration, the online reverse cleaning method and device of the hyperosmosis of reverse osmosis membrane - Google Patents
A kind of nanofiltration, the online reverse cleaning method and device of the hyperosmosis of reverse osmosis membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN107321186B CN107321186B CN201710702705.1A CN201710702705A CN107321186B CN 107321186 B CN107321186 B CN 107321186B CN 201710702705 A CN201710702705 A CN 201710702705A CN 107321186 B CN107321186 B CN 107321186B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/10—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/027—Nanofiltration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/12—Controlling or regulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/442—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by nanofiltration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/14—Pressure control
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of nanofiltration,The online reverse cleaning method and device of hyperosmosis of reverse osmosis membrane,With the NF membrane generally used at present,Based on reverse osmosis membrane system,The strong brine that is produced by the use of reverse osmosis production process with the addition of the strong brine of electrolyte as the hyperosmosis produced in raw water injection NF membrane or reverse osmosis membrane,Pass through the control to strong brine osmotic pressure and the flow of film,Production water is reversed " sucking back " under the action of concentrated water osmotic pressure and arrives membranous system,And discharge membranous system with strong brine,Realize reverse cleaning,And disclose reverse cleaning method,The present invention utilizes the strong brine of the generation in reverse osmosis process,Realize NF membrane,The explosive filling free operation and explosive filling free cleaning of reverse osmosis membrane,Cleaning process is not required high-pressure pump to be stopped,It is short with scavenging period section,The characteristics of without manual intervention,It ensure that NF membrane at the same time,The safety of the structure of reverse osmosis membrane,Reduce the operating cost of film,Eliminate medicament expense use,And extend the service life of film.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of membrane, more particularly to a kind of nanofiltration, the online reverse cleaning of the hyperosmosis of reverse osmosis membrane
Method and device.
Background technology
Pellicle is known as to the selective film of material of transmission, when the weak solution (such as fresh water) same volume
When being respectively placed in the both sides of pellicle with concentrated solution (such as brine), solvent in weak solution will naturally through pellicle and it is spontaneous
Ground is flowed to concentrated solution side, this phenomenon is known as permeating.When infiltration reaches balance, the liquid level of concentrated solution side can compare weak solution
Liquid level be higher by certain altitude, that is, formed a pressure difference, this pressure difference is osmotic pressure.The size of osmotic pressure depends on consolidating for solution
There is property, i.e., it is unrelated with property of the species, concentration and temperature of concentrated solution in relation to and with pellicle.If apply in concentrated solution side
One be more than osmotic pressure pressure when, the flow direction of solvent by with original infiltration direction on the contrary, starting from concentrated solution to dilute
Solution side is flowed, this process is referred to as reverse osmosis.Reverse osmosis is a kind of reverse travel motion of infiltration, is that one kind is driven in pressure
Under dynamic, the separation method for separating the solute in solution and solvent is acted on by means of the selective retention of pellicle, it extensively should
For the purification and concentration of various liquid, wherein most common application example is in water treatment technology, reverse osmosis technology is used
The impurity such as the inorganic ions in raw water, bacterium, virus, organic matter and colloid are removed, to obtain the pure water of high quality.
Film can be divided into microfiltration membranes, ultrafiltration membrane, NF membrane and reverse osmosis membrane by film according to the difference in its aperture.Ultrafiltration is a kind of
Pressure-driven membrane filtration processes, rely primarily on particulate matter and larger molecular organics in screening mechanism separation water, the hole of ultrafiltration membrane
Footpath is 0.002 micron~0.1 micron, and filter membrane can be passed through by dissolving material and the material smaller than ultrafiltration membrane aperture, and than ultrafiltration fenestra
The big material in footpath cannot pass through ultrafiltration membrane so as to be retained down, and be discharged with concentrate.Therefore ion and small is comprised only in production water
Molecular substance, and colloidal substance, particle, bacterium and virus are removed by ultrafiltration membrane.
It is different from ultrafiltration membrane, the membrane aperture smaller of reverse osmosis membrane, the diameter of surface micropore generally 0.5~10 nanometer it
Between.It is worked using principle of reverse osmosis.Reverse osmosis membrane can be by the inorganic ions in raw water, bacterium, virus, organic matter
And the impurity such as colloid removes, to obtain the pure water of high quality.Nanofiltration is a kind of between the reverse osmosis pressure drive between ultrafiltration
Dynamic membrane separating process, the pore diameter range of NF membrane is in several rans.Nanofiltration mainly applies to drinking water and industrial water
Purify, wastewater purification, concentration of valuable composition etc. in process fluid.Therefore, reverse osmosis membrane and point of NF membrane
Pressure-driven is needed to overcome osmotic pressure from process to produce pure water (production water).
Fouling membrane refer to handle material in particulate, colloidal particle and solute transportation since there are physical chemistry work with film
With or mechanism caused by film surface and membrane aperture membrane aperture caused by absorption, deposition diminish or block, produce film saturating
The irreversible change phenomenon of inflow-rate of water turbine and separation characteristic.For fouling membrane, once material is contacted with film, fouling membrane starts.
The pollution type of reverse osmosis membrane can be divided into particle contamination, colloid pollution, chemical contamination and microbial contamination.It is most normal in membrane contaminant
See for calcium carbonate scale, calcium sulfate scale, metal oxide dirt, silicon deposits and organic or biogenic deposits.It is essentially all of
All contain microorganism in raw water, i.e., virus, bacterium, fungi, algae, heat source also have other higher organisms.These microorganisms into
During entering reverse osmosis membrane, using permeable membrane as carrier, the flourish by the nutritive salt of reverse osmosis concentrated brine section concentration, makes production
Water and salt rejection rate decline, and are contaminated product water, and make the lost of life of film.
The method for preventing fouling membrane at present is 1) each series bactericidal agent is added in pretreatment to prevent the growth of microorganism,
2) antisludging agent is added to alleviate the fouling of all kinds of inorganic matters, 3) when membrane flux reduces, it is attached to the cleaning method removal of film
Film surface is difficult to clean deposit and microorganism.The cleaning method of wherein film has two kinds of physical method and chemical method, wherein thing
Reason method such as hydraulics cleaning method is only applicable to microfiltration membranes and loose ultrafiltration membrane, in most cases still needs to chemical cleaning,
Film need to add various chemical agents and the dirt in film is cleaned using after a certain period of time.After cleaning, although in short-term
The interior recovery to membrane flux has certain effect, but also brings secondary pollution at the same time, and film is caused to a certain degree in itself
Infringement, cause the final cleaning frequency shorter and shorter, directly shorten the service life of film.Therefore, the service life of film is general
It it is only at most 5 years, the economy of film constrains the large-scale use of film and its performance of excellent performance.Fungicide, scale inhibition at the same time
Agent, cleaning agent, a large amount of use of bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry also further increase operating cost.By taking sea water desalination as an example, common process at present
Need to add the operation that ten several chemical agents carry out protective film.
Reverse osmosis membrane, NF membrane have different structure type, including hollow fiber form, rolling, plate and frame and tubular type.At present
Hollow fiber form is most ripe structure type, and be most widely used.Hollow fiber form reverse osmosis membrane, NF membrane are from film
Although outside can withstand up to the operating pressure of 4MPa-8MPa to film inner side, due to being limited be subject to asymmetric membrane structure
System, back pressure phenomenon can cause diaphragm by physical damnification.For commercial hollow fiber form reverse osmosis membranes all at present, NF membrane
Specification, which is required to production water side (on the inside of film) pressure, must not be higher than feedwater side (on the outside of film) pressure 0.05Mpa.Therefore, currently without
Any research for reversely washing technology on ultrafiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane.
For example, Chinese patent CN201521116300 reports a kind of cleaning offline for the addition chemical agent of automation
Method, substantially belongs to offline cleaning.Chinese patent CN201210295481.4. reports a kind of on-line cleaning membrane separation assemblies
Electroplating wastewater system and its technique, which is only applicable to immersion separating film module, with nanofiltration according to the present invention, anti-
Permeable membrane is not a kind of membrane module of structure type.The self-cleaning film process that Chinese patent CN103265095A is used for water process fills
Put, this method is cleaned using back pressure technology is counter to ultrafiltration membrane.It is not suitable for hollow fiber form nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane.
The content of the invention
The shortcomings that in order to overcome the above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of nanofiltration, the height of reverse osmosis membrane
The online reverse cleaning method and device of osmotic pressure, for serious, the traditional chemical cleaning of the fouling membrane in application of membrane separation technology
There are secondary pollution and clean the problems such as frequent, according to penetration theory, when membranous system is run, by varying the osmotic pressure of raw water
With the operating pressure of film so that production water (penetrating fluid) is reversed " sucking back " under the action of concentrated water osmotic pressure and arrives membranous system, and with
Strong brine discharges membranous system together, realizes and carries out reverse cleaning to film.During the reverse cleaning of the present invention, high-pressure pump does not have
It is stopped, reverse osmosis membrane is still operated in barotropic state, will not occur " back pressure ".The present invention has reduction film surface fouling speed
Rate and fouling adhesive force, kill film surface bacterium, the effect for preventing colloidal solid from depositing, so that the speed of fouling membrane is reduced, it is real
The explosive filling free operation and explosive filling free cleaning of film are showed.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of nanofiltration, the online reverse cleaning method of the hyperosmosis of reverse osmosis membrane, include the following steps：
A) startup of online reverse cleaning：As run when counter-infiltration system continuous 24 is small, start once clean daily；As instead
Osmosis system discontinuous operation, is cleaned before each shutdown；
B) preparation of online reverse cleaning：In counter-infiltration system production process, the strong brine of reverse osmosis generation is carried out
It is collected into strong brine tank, its volume normally produces strong brine volume caused by 30 minutes to be reverse osmosis；Meanwhile will be reverse osmosis
The production water of production is collected into reverse cleaning water pot, its volume should be greater than counter-infiltration system, and normally production is produced caused by 15 minutes
Water volume.The height of reverse cleaning water pot should be more than 1 meter on nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane pressure vessel top.
C) startup of online reverse cleaning：High-pressure pump operating pressure is reduced to instead clearly by the pressure P1 under reverse osmosis operating mode
Pressure P4 is washed, is stablized in constant pressure, the counterbalance valve of brine outlet is slowly opened to full-gear, by the strong brine in strong brine tank
It is sent into film, simultaneously closes off raw water water inlet and production water water outlet, in the case where strong brine osmotic pressure must drive, the production water of reverse cleaning water pot
Opposite direction flows to the outside of film, is discharged in the lump from film with strong brine；
D) online reverse cleaning：Maintain pressure constant state constant, until the strong brine water level collected enters low liquid level.As occurred
When production water water level enters low liquid level state, reverse cleaning process should be interrupted immediately；
E) raw water is cleaned：Raw water inlet valve and production water outlet valve are opened, until strong brine side electrical conductivity and influent side conductance
Rate is consistent；
F) cleaning terminates：Adjusting high-pressure pump flow of inlet water, makes it consistent with normal reverse osmosis working status flow, slowly
Close the counterbalance valve of brine outlet.Stop when lateral pressure of intaking is equal to reverse osmosis operating pressure, system returns to reverse osmosis
Operating mode, normally produces water.
During pressure condition：
A) under normal reverse osmosis operating mode, the osmotic pressure P2 of raw water, high-pressure pump operating pressure is P1, production water (penetrating fluid) pressure
Power is P5, and the osmotic pressure of penetrating fluid is very low, ignores.At this time on the inside of film (penetrating fluid) between outside pressure difference Λ p1=P1-
P2–P5；
B) under online reverse cleaning operating mode, high-pressure pump operating pressure be P4, the flow of inlet water of film under reverse osmosis operating mode into
2 times of water flow, due to counterbalance valve standard-sized sheet, P4 is less than P1 and the osmotic pressure P3 of strong brine at this time；
C) under online reverse condition, penetrating fluid (production water) pressure is P6 on the inside of film, at this time (penetrating fluid) and outside on the inside of film
Pressure difference Λ p2=P3+P6-P4, the wherein direction of Λ p2 is opposite with Λ p1.Λ p2 are less than the 60% of Λ p1, and are more than 1Mpa.
According to penetration theory, penetrating fluid (production water) flowing on the outside of lateral film out of film, is discharged with strong brine from film.
If the osmotic pressure of the strong brine produced in reverse osmosis process is insufficient for the pressure condition, clear every time
Before washing, sodium chloride is launched in strong brine, meets the requirements its osmotic pressure.
, wherein it is desired to it is to be noted that：
1st, in the design process, the theoretical values of Λ p2 are carefully calculated.Λ p2 hypertonia can cause to produce water flow mistake
Greatly, reverse osmosis membrane is damaged.Λ p2 are too low, and the production water flow that can be is too low, does not reach cleaning performance.Particularly in water inlet water temperature
Change in big system, the rate of recovery of water temperature meeting significant impact film, thus bring the change of the osmotic pressure of strong brine.
2nd, during the adjusting of valve and high-pressure pump, governing speed answers the specification of reference membrane, avoid media variations and
High pressure pump pressure acute variation is impacted caused by film.
3rd, under normal reverse osmosis operating mode, under cleaning operating mode and in the handoff procedure of operating mode, it is ensured that penetrating fluid is full of film
Inner side.
Present invention also offers the online reverse cleaning device of hyperosmosis of a kind of nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane, including：
Strong brine stocking system, including strong brine tank 5, water inlet and nanofiltration, the reverse osmosis membrane pressure vessel of strong brine tank 5
13 strong brine outlet pipe 15 connects and strong brine pressure reducing orifice 12 is provided with connecting line and strong brine tank inlet valve 11,
The water outlet of strong brine tank 5 connects reverse osmosis high-pressure intake pump 10 and strong brine tank outlet valve 4, pressure is provided with connecting line
Power meter 7, conductivity sensor 38 and feed water flow gauge 9；
Reverse cleaning water stocking system, including reverse cleaning water pot 18, reverse cleaning water pot 18 are connected in parallel on nanofiltration, reverse osmosis
In the water production pipeline 21 of membrane pressure vessel 13,18 bottom position of reverse cleaning water pot is higher than nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane pressure vessel 13
More than 1 meter of top, production water inlet valve 17 is set in the inlet pipe of reverse cleaning water pot 18, outlet tube sets check valve on road
19, when 21 pressure of water production pipeline is less than 18 minimum liquid level pressure of reverse cleaning water pot, check valve 19 is beaten under gravity
Open；
Back pressure adjusting system, including be arranged on nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane pressure vessel 13 strong brine outlet pipe 15 on electricity
After conductivity sensor 1 and counterbalance valve 16, conductivity sensor 1 and counterbalance valve 16 are arranged on 5 water inlet of strong brine tank
Side.
Conductivity sensor 2 26 is provided with the strong brine tank 5, strong brine tank 5 is connected with band sodium chloride dosing valve 6
Chemical feed pipe.
The nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane pressure vessel 13 raw water inlet pipeline on, between inlet valve 3 and water inlet, according to
It is secondary to be provided with pressure gauge 7, conductivity sensor 38, feed water flow gauge 9 and reverse osmosis high-pressure intake pump 10, strong brine tank water outlet
Valve 4 is connected in parallel between inlet valve 3 and pressure gauge 7, and the water outlet of reverse osmosis high-pressure intake pump 10 is connected in parallel to strong brine tank 5
Water inlet, and pressure gauge 2 23 and flowmeter 2 24 are provided with connecting line.
The volume of the strong brine tank 5 is 30 minutes strong brine yield of system, and the volume of reverse cleaning water pot 18 is more than instead
Permeate the operating mode production aquatic products amount of lower 15 minutes.
In water production pipeline 21, positioned at the rear of check valve 19, production taps valve 20 is provided with.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, this method carries out physical cleaning using byproduct-strong brine that nanofiltration, reverse osmosis process produce, without addition
Chemicals, saves a large amount of medicament expenses, administration fee, labour cost.The aging and damage for avoiding medicine cleaning from carrying out film strips, greatly
Extend the service life of film.The invention is a kind of low-carbon, environmental protection, energy saving method.
2nd, conventional chemical CIP on-line cleanings, cleaning water (flow) direction and normally reverse osmosis production process current are to consistent, nothing
Method removes more close, the firm impurity adhered on film.The present invention uses reverse cleaning, and production water is in the case where osmotic pressure must act on
Flowed from film Inside To Outside, it is effective remove the inorganic ions being clipped among reverse osmosis membrane, bacterium, virus, organic matter and
The impurity such as colloid.
3rd, since production water is very pure, the solubility of raw water is far above to the solubility of difficulty soluble salt, therefore, reverse cleaning can
Effectively to dissolve difficulty soluble salt, plus higher film surface flow velocity, difficulty soluble salt can rapidly dissolve and discharge membranous system.
4th, started to normally from dead halt state according to the requirement of the specification of current NF membrane and reverse osmosis membrane, membranous system
Production status needs 30 minutes to 1 hours to make to be completely filled with liquid inside film.Likewise, from normal production to dead halt
Need emptied the strong brine inside film the 30 minutes time to 1 hour.Therefore, primary chemical cleaning or offline clear is carried out
Time of several days need to be taken hours by washing.And in this patent, reverse cleaning operating mode is transferred to from reverse osmosis production status, until clear
Wash the whole cleaning process film surface for terminating to resume production has liquid to flow through all the time, and high-pressure pump does not interrupt, membranous system one
It is straight in running order, complete operating mode by automatically controlling and switch, exit reverse cleaning process from entering and only need 20 minutes
Left and right.Therefore this patent greatly extends the effective time of counter-infiltration system, and economic benefit is clearly.
5th, since chemical CIP cleanings are time-consuming long, it is typically only capable to cleaning some months once.The reverse cleaning that the present invention uses
Speed it is fast, the degree of automation is high, can clean daily once.It can make film surface long-lasting cleanliness, can remove from raw water
In add antisludging agent, improve the flux of film, reduce the operating pressure of film, realize NF membrane, reverse osmosis membrane explosive filling free fortune
OK.
6th, the reproduction speed of microorganism exceedes any biology, and general bacterium can divide once (generation) in about every 20 minutes, press
This speed calculates, and a cell can breed about 2,000,000 through 7h.Microbial cell living environment is subject to by temperature, osmotic pressure
Etc. the influence of extraneous factor.And the microorganism of film surface attachment can be good at adapting to the hyperosmosis environment of raw water.Produce water
Osmotic pressure is far below the osmotic pressure of raw water, and shrinkage or swelling, rupture can occur immediately in Hyposmolality for bacterial cell.Therefore,
It is much better than chemical CIP cleanings to the inhibition of microbial contamination for the present invention.
7th, by the conductivity variations to strong brine caused by reverse cleaning, with reference to the film in reverse osmosis process after cleaning
Inside and outside side pressure difference compares and analyzes, and situation and cleaning performance are blocked up in the dirt that can effectively assess film.Appraisal procedure is simple, side
Just, and can record automatically.Further, by the chemical composition of the interlude strong brine to being discharged during reverse cleaning with it is dense
The chemical composition comparative analysis of strong brine in brine tank, to type, the order of severity of fouling membrane can rationally effectively comment
Estimate.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is cleaning device structure diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is pressure condition schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, present invention also offers the online reverse cleaning device of hyperosmosis of a kind of nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane,
Including：
Strong brine stocking system, including strong brine tank 5, water inlet and nanofiltration, the reverse osmosis membrane pressure vessel of strong brine tank 5
13 strong brine outlet pipe 15 connects and strong brine pressure reducing orifice 12 is provided with connecting line and strong brine tank inlet valve 11,
The water outlet of strong brine tank 5 is connected to pressure gauge 7, conductivity sensor 38, feed water flow gauge 9 and reverse osmosis high-pressure intake pump
Strong brine tank outlet valve 4 is provided with before 10, and on connecting line；
Reverse cleaning water stocking system, including reverse cleaning water pot 18, produce the height of water storage tank 18 in nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane
More than 1 meter of 13 top of pressure vessel.Reverse cleaning water pot 18 is connected in parallel on nanofiltration, the water production pipeline 21 of reverse osmosis membrane pressure vessel 13
On, production water inlet valve 17 is set in the inlet pipe of reverse cleaning water pot 18, check valve 19 is set on outlet tube road；
Back pressure adjusting system, including be arranged on nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane pressure vessel 13 strong brine outlet pipe 15 on electricity
Conductivity sensor 1 and counterbalance valve 16, conductivity sensor 14 and counterbalance valve 15 are arranged on the rear of 5 water inlet of strong brine tank.
The osmotic pressure of the strong brine produced such as counter-infiltration system, then can be in institute it is impossible to meet the requirement of reverse cleaning
State and conductivity sensor 2 26 is added with strong brine tank 5, strong brine tank 5 is connected with the chemical feed pipe with sodium chloride dosing valve 6.
Nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane pressure vessel 13 raw water inlet pipeline on, between inlet valve 3 and water inlet, set successively
Pressure gauge 7, conductivity sensor 38, feed water flow gauge 9 and reverse osmosis high-pressure intake pump 10 are equipped with, high-pressure water inlet pump 10 goes out
The mouth of a river is connected in parallel to the water inlet of strong brine tank 5, and pressure gauge 2 23 and flowmeter 2 24 are provided with connecting line.
Strong brine tank volume is the 30 minutes strong brine yield produced in normal reverse osmosis process.Reverse cleaning water pot 18 holds
Product should be greater than the reverse osmosis operating mode production water aquatic products water of lower 15 minutes.The height of reverse cleaning water pot 18 is in nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane
More than 1 meter of 13 top of pressure vessel.
In water production pipeline 21, positioned at the rear of check valve 19, production taps valve 20 is provided with.
In device, the process of normal reverse osmosis produced water and current reverse osmosis process process indifference, the water inlet of strong brine tank
Valve 11, production water inlet valve 17 remain turned-off, and production taps valve 20 keeps standard-sized sheet, and counterbalance valve 16 adjusts strong brine side back pressure, ensures
Required back pressure and system rate of recovery when reverse osmosis membrane works normally.As run when counter-infiltration system continuous 24 is small, the program should be every
24 it is small when once.Such as counter-infiltration system discontinuous operation, should be cleaned before each shutdown.The cleaning that this law invention provides
Method specifically comprises the following steps：
A) preparation of online reverse cleaning：In counter-infiltration system production process, strong brine tank inlet valve 11 is opened, will be anti-
The strong brine that infiltration produces is collected into strong brine tank 5.After strong brine tank 5 is filled, strong brine tank inlet valve 11 is closed.Together
When, production water inlet valve 17 is opened, the production water of reverse osmosis production is collected into reverse cleaning water pot 18, reverse cleaning water pot 18 fills
Man Hou, closes production water inlet valve 17.Preparation finishes at this time.
B) startup of online reverse cleaning：Pressure P1 of the reverse osmosis high-pressure intake pump 10 under reverse osmosis operating mode is reduced to
Anti- cleaning pressure P4 set in advance, makes reverse osmosis high-pressure intake pump 10 be operated in pressure constant state.The pressure of high-pressure pump 10 at this time
P4 is much smaller than and raw water osmotic pressure P2, therefore produces water and produce process as the decline of 10 pressure of pressure high-pressure pump tapers off, and produces water
The pressure P5 of side (water production pipeline 22) is gradually reduced naturally.When static pressures of the pressure P5 less than the production water in reverse cleaning water pot 18
When, check valve 19 is opened, and production water is outwards flowed by reverse cleaning water pot 18.After 10 pressure stability of high-pressure pump, the back of the body is slowly opened
Pressure valve 16 arrives full-gear, simultaneously closes off production taps valve 20.With the opening of counterbalance valve, on the outside of putamina resistance to water-flow drop rapidly
Low, raw water flow rapidly rises to 2 times of reverse osmosis operating mode.Strong brine tank outlet valve 4 is slowly opened again and arrives standard-sized sheet, is simultaneously closed off
The inlet valve 3 of Yuan Shui sides.The water inlet of reverse osmosis membrane at this time is switched to strong brine by raw water, the osmotic pressure on the outside of corresponding film also by
P2 originally increases to P3, and high-pressure water inlet pumps 10 pressure and then maintains that P4 is constant, and system enters online reverse cleaning shape at this time
State.According to osmosis principle, producing the production water of water side (water production pipeline 22) can be reverse flowed to from the side (inner side) that infiltration is forced down
Strong brine side (outside) flowing of the high side form of osmotic pressure, and strong brine flow out together.
C) online reverse cleaning：Maintain reverse osmosis high-pressure 10 default constant pressure P4 states of intake pump constant, until strong brine
The water level of tank 5 enters low liquid level.
D) source water cleans：Inlet valve 3 and production taps valve 20 are opened, until the conductivity sensor 1 of strong brine side is surveyed
Terminate after the electrical conductivity of amount is consistent with the electrical conductivity that the conductivity sensor 38 of influent side measures.
E) cleaning terminates：Open production taps valve 20.The flow of reverse osmosis high-pressure intake pump 10 is adjusted afterwards to reverse osmosis
The flow of working status, then slowly adjusts counterbalance valve 16.Stop adjusting when lateral pressure of intaking is equal to reverse osmosis operating pressure P1
The aperture of counterbalance valve 16 is saved, system returns to reverse osmosis operating mode.
Wherein, the following conditions should be met with reference to Fig. 2, the pressure difference of film inner and outer：
A) under normal reverse osmosis operating mode, during reverse osmosis produced water, the osmotic pressure P2 of source water, reverse osmosis high-pressure intake pump
10 operating pressures are P1, and infiltration hydraulic coupling is P5.(penetrating fluid) pressure difference Λ p1=P1-P2-P5 between outside on the inside of film at this time.
B) under backwash operating mode, 10 operating pressure of reverse osmosis high-pressure intake pump is that P4 should be guaranteed that the flow of inlet water of film is anti-
Permeate flow of inlet water under operating mode 2 times.Since the strong brine counterbalance valve of reverse osmosis membrane at this time is standard-sized sheet, so P4 values should be less than P1
Value and P2 values.
C) under backwash operating mode, 10 operating pressure of reverse osmosis high-pressure intake pump is P4, and infiltration hydraulic coupling is P6.At this time in film
Side and the pressure difference Λ p2=P3+P6-P4 in outside.Wherein Λ p2 should be less than the 60% of Λ p1, and be more than 1Mpa.
If the osmotic pressure of the strong brine d) produced in reverse osmosis process is insufficient for the condition of above calculating, Ke Yi
Before each backwash, sodium chloride is launched in strong brine tank, its osmotic pressure is met design requirement.
, wherein it is desired to it is specifically intended that：
1st, in the design process, the theoretical values of Λ p2 are carefully calculated.Driving pressure Λ p2 are excessive to be caused to produce current
Measure excessive, damage reverse osmosis membrane.Driving pressure Λ p2 are too low, can make it that production water reverse cleaning flow is too low, not reach cleaning effect
Fruit.Especially in the system of water inlet water temperature change greatly, water temperature changes the rate of recovery of meeting significant impact film, thus brings
The change of the osmotic pressure and driving pressure Λ p2 of strong brine.
2nd, during the adjusting of valve and high-pressure pump, governing speed answers the specification of reference membrane, avoid media variations and
High pressure pump pressure acute variation is impacted caused by film.
3rd, whenever, it is necessary to ensure the production water side (water production pipeline 22) of film full of production water.
It is the concrete application example of the present invention below.
By taking 50 ton day reverse osmosis seawater desalting counter-infiltration systems as an example, flow of inlet water is 4.62 ton hours, and the rate of recovery is
When 45%, used medium is Copenhagen water, and source water penetration pressure about P2 is 2.4Mpa, strong brine osmotic pressure P3=4.6Mpa, reverse osmosis
High-pressure pump operating pressure P1=5.5Mpa under saturating operating mode, infiltration hydraulic coupling P5=0.003MPa.
Under reverse cleaning operating mode, high-pressure pump operating pressure P4=3.2Mpa, penetrating fluid flow by gravity produce static pressure be
P6=0.001Mpa.Therefore ,-2.4-0.003=3.097Mpa of Λ p1=P1-P2-P5=5.5
Λ p2=P3+P6-P4=4.6+0.001-3.2=1.401MPa
Λ p2 are less than the 60% of P1 and are more than 1MPa.
In the winter time, if causing the system rate of recovery to be reduced to 30% because raw water water temperature reduces, caused strong brine at this time
Osmotic pressure P3=2.7Mpa, at this time：
Λ p2=P3+P6-P4=2.7+0.001-2.5=0.2001Mpa, at this time since the osmotic pressure of strong brine simply omits
There was only 0.2001MPa higher than high-pressure pump operating pressure P3, the driving pressure Λ p2 for producing water<1MPa.Driving pressure Λ p2 deficiency meetings
Cause production water reverse cleaning flow too low, do not reach cleaning performance.The method that can be selected at this time is added into strong brine tank
Sodium chloride electrolysis matter, improves the osmotic pressure of strong brine, carries the flow velocity of high yield water reverse cleaning.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of nanofiltration, the online reverse cleaning method of the hyperosmosis of reverse osmosis membrane, it is characterised in that utilize reverse osmosis generation
Concentrated water has the characteristic of hyperosmosis, and the production water on the inside of film is reversely sucked back on the outside of strong brine side i.e. film, and discharges membranous system,
The online reverse cleaning of complete pair of films, includes the following steps：
A) startup of online reverse cleaning：As run when counter-infiltration system continuous 24 is small, start once clean daily；It is such as reverse osmosis
System discontinuous operation, is cleaned before each shutdown；
B) preparation of online reverse cleaning：In counter-infiltration system production process, the strong brine of reverse osmosis generation is stored in dense salt
In water pot, strong brine tank volume is the 30 minutes strong brine yield produced in normal reverse osmosis process；Meanwhile by reverse osmosis production
Production water collect in reverse cleaning water pot, reverse cleaning water pot stores the reverse osmosis operating mode water yield of lower 15 minutes；It is reversely clear
Wash water pot bottom position is connected higher than nanofiltration, more than 1 meter of reverse osmosis membrane pressure vessel top by check valve with water production pipeline
Connect, in reverse osmosis production process, closed check valve, when water production pipeline pressure is less than reverse cleaning water pot minimum liquid level pressure
When, check valve is opened；
C) startup of online reverse cleaning：The high-pressure pump operating pressure of counter-infiltration system is dropped by the pressure P1 under reverse osmosis operating mode
It is low to arrive anti-cleaning pressure P4, and maintain constant pressure, slowly open the counterbalance valve of brine outlet to full-gear, at this time strong brine
Flow velocity is more than 2 times of normal reverse osmosis raw water flow velocity, and the strong brine of collection is sent into membranous system；Simultaneously close off raw water water inlet and
Water water outlet is produced, the production water in reverse cleaning water pot is reversed under the action of concentrated water osmotic pressure is sucked back into membranous system, and with dense salt
Water discharges membranous system together, it is achieved thereby that the online reverse cleaning of NF membrane, reverse osmosis membrane；
D) online reverse cleaning：Maintain pressure constant state constant, until the strong brine water level collected enters low liquid level；
E) raw water is cleaned：Strong brine tank and reverse cleaning water pot outlet valve are closed, and opens raw water water inlet and production water water outlet at the same time
Valve, until strong brine side electrical conductivity is consistent with influent side electrical conductivity；
F) reverse cleaning terminates：Flow of inlet water is consistent with reverse osmosis working status flow, and high-pressure pump enters constant current state, slowly
The counterbalance valve of brine outlet is closed, is stopped when lateral pressure of intaking is equal to reverse osmosis operating pressure, system recovers reverse osmosis work
Condition.
2. nanofiltration, the online reverse cleaning method of the hyperosmosis of reverse osmosis membrane according to claim 1, it is characterised in that film
The condition of inner and outer pressure differential：
A) under normal reverse osmosis operating mode, during reverse osmosis produced water, the osmotic pressure P2 of raw water, high-pressure pump operating pressure is P1,
Production water pressure is P5 on the inside of film, and by adjusting counterbalance valve, raw water overcomes osmotic pressure P2 under the action of high pressure pump pressure P1, raw
Output produces water, at this time pressure difference Λ p1=P1-P2-P5 between film outside and film inner side；
B) under reverse cleaning operating mode, the strong brine counterbalance valve of reverse osmosis membrane is opened completely, and the flow of inlet water of film is reverse osmosis work
More than 2 times of flow of inlet water under condition, high-pressure pump operating pressure are P4, at this time high-pressure pump be mainly used for maintain film flow of inlet water with
Increase the flow velocity of film surface, therefore, P4 is less than P1；
C) under reverse cleaning operating mode, production water pressure is P6 on the inside of film, and production water penetration pressure in production water side is almost 0, is ignored, this
When film on the inside of and film on the outside of between pressure difference Λ p2=P3+P6-P4, wherein Λ p2 are less than the 60% of Λ p1, and are more than 1Mpa, and P3 is
The osmotic pressure of strong brine.
3. nanofiltration, the online reverse cleaning method of the hyperosmosis of reverse osmosis membrane according to claim 2, it is characterised in that such as
The osmotic pressure P3 of the strong brine produced in fruit reverse osmosis process is insufficient for 60% that Λ p2 are less than Λ p1, then is cleaning every time
Before, sodium chloride is launched in strong brine, meets the requirements its osmotic pressure.
4. nanofiltration, the online reverse cleaning method of the hyperosmosis of reverse osmosis membrane according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Under normal reverse osmosis operating mode, under cleaning operating mode and in the handoff procedure of operating mode, it is ensured that penetrating fluid is full of the inside of film.
5. a kind of nanofiltration, the online reverse cleaning device of the hyperosmosis of reverse osmosis membrane, it is characterised in that including：
Strong brine stocking system, including strong brine tank (5), water inlet and nanofiltration, the reverse osmosis membrane pressure vessel of strong brine tank (5)
(13) strong brine outlet pipe (15) connection and be provided with connecting line strong brine pressure reducing orifice (12) and strong brine tank into
Water valve (11), the water outlet of strong brine tank (5) connect reverse osmosis high-pressure intake pump (10) and dense salt are provided with connecting line
Water pot outlet valve (4), pressure gauge (7), conductivity sensor three (8) and feed water flow gauge (9)；
Reverse cleaning water stocking system, including reverse cleaning water pot (18), reverse cleaning water pot (18) are connected in parallel on nanofiltration, reverse osmosis
In the water production pipeline (21) of membrane pressure vessel (13), reverse cleaning water pot (18) bottom position is higher than nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane pressure
More than 1 meter of container (13) top, sets production water inlet valve (17) in the inlet pipe of reverse cleaning water pot (18), on outlet tube road
Check valve (19), when water production pipeline (21) pressure is less than reverse cleaning water pot (18) minimum liquid level pressure, check valve are set
(19) open under gravity；
Back pressure adjusting system, including be arranged on nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane pressure vessel (13) strong brine outlet pipe (15) on electricity
Conductivity sensor one (14) and counterbalance valve (16), conductivity sensor one (14) and counterbalance valve (16) are arranged on strong brine tank (5)
The rear of water inlet.
6. nanofiltration, the online reverse cleaning device of the hyperosmosis of reverse osmosis membrane according to claim 5, it is characterised in that institute
State and conductivity sensor two (26) is provided with strong brine tank (5), strong brine tank (5) is connected with sodium chloride dosing valve (6)
Chemical feed pipe.
7. nanofiltration, the online reverse cleaning device of the hyperosmosis of reverse osmosis membrane according to claim 5, it is characterised in that institute
State nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane pressure vessel (13) raw water inlet pipeline on, in inlet valve (3) between water inlet, set gradually
There are pressure gauge (7), conductivity sensor three (8), feed water flow gauge (9) and reverse osmosis high-pressure intake pump (10), strong brine tank to go out
Water valve (4) is connected in parallel between inlet valve (3) and pressure gauge (7), and the water outlet of reverse osmosis high-pressure intake pump (10) is connected in parallel to
The water inlet of strong brine tank (5), and pressure gauge two (23) and flowmeter two (24) are provided with connecting line.
8. nanofiltration, the online reverse cleaning device of the hyperosmosis of reverse osmosis membrane according to claim 5, it is characterised in that institute
The volume for stating strong brine tank (5) is 30 minutes strong brine yield of system, and the volume of reverse cleaning water pot (18) is more than reverse osmosis work
The condition production aquatic products amount of lower 15 minutes.
9. nanofiltration, the online reverse cleaning device of the hyperosmosis of reverse osmosis membrane according to claim 5, it is characterised in that
In water production pipeline (21), positioned at the rear of check valve (19), production taps valve (20) is provided with.
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| CN108117134A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-06-05 | 北京鑫佰利科技发展有限公司 | A kind of membrane processing method of strong brine continuous concentration decrement |
| CN110102187A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-08-09 | 轻工业环境保护研究所 | The method and device of concentrated water catalytic ozonation on-line cleaning reverse osmosis/nanofiltration membrane |
| CN110102188A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-08-09 | 轻工业环境保护研究所 | Concentrated water electrocatalytic oxidation permeates cleaning reverse osmosis/nanofiltration membrane method and device online |
| CN108722195A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-02 | 北京海川新源环保科技有限公司 | A kind of the explosive filling free on-line cleaning method and device of counter-infiltration system |
| CN108786475A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-13 | 北京海川新源环保科技有限公司 | A kind of ultrasonic wave of NF membrane reverse osmosis membrane is just permeating on-line cleaning method and device |
| CN110975633B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-12-30 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | Osmotic membrane cleaning system based on osmotic pressure difference |
| CN112473374B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-04-12 | 张梅 | Semipermeable membrane desalination device and method with bidirectional forward osmosis online cleaning function |
| CN113149132A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-23 | 东北农业大学 | High-pressure reverse osmosis membrane filtration system capable of backwashing |
| CN113480106B (en) * | 2021-07-31 | 2023-05-02 | 浙江新睿环保科技有限公司 | Emulsion and workshop cleaning sewage treatment process and treatment equipment thereof |
| CN115999376A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-04-25 | 金科环境股份有限公司 | Reverse osmosis membrane cleaning method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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