CN107320497A - Purposes of the sturgeon extract oil in lowering fat and protecting liver health food or medicine is prepared - Google Patents
Purposes of the sturgeon extract oil in lowering fat and protecting liver health food or medicine is prepared Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
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- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
- A61K35/60—Fish, e.g. seahorses; Fish eggs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides purposes of the sturgeon extract oil in lowering fat and protecting liver health food or medicine is prepared, and the preparation method of the sturgeon extract oil includes：Using sturgeon leftover bits and pieces as raw material, cleaning homogenate, aqueous enzymatic method enzymolysis, centrifugation, organic solvent extraction, evaporation of organic solvent are carried out successively, the sturgeon extract oil is obtained.Proved by zoopery：The sturgeon extract oil can effectively reduce blood fat and Serum ALT/AST levels, mitigate hepatic cell fattydegeneration and inflammatory change, alleviate hepatocellular injury, the prevention available for NASH.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicines and health protection field, lowering fat and protecting liver health food is being prepared more particularly, to sturgeon extract oil
Or the purposes in medicine.
Background technology
China's the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis rate is in rise year by year, but specific mechanism is still unclear, takes in excessively
Saturated fatty acid is considered as one of the reason for causing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and diet control particularly diet lipid is flat
Weighing apparatus then effectively may prevent and alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Diet lipid is related to fatty acid species and ratio, and the required nutrient fat acid of needed by human body is unsaturated fat
Acid, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), point for having n-3, n-6.N-3PUFA mainly includes alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), 20
Carbon 5 alkene acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).ALA is primarily present in vegetable oil, and EPA and DHA are in marine organisms
Middle content is very high.
Protective effect of the fish oil rich in PUFA to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, it is its antioxidation, anti-inflammatory effect, anti-cancer function, right
Body fat-soluble A, D supplement and improvement skin function have been reported that in terms of reducing acne.
Acipenser fresh-water fishes, the Yangtze river basin is mainly lived in China, at present essentially from propagating artificially, its individual growth
Up to hundreds of kilograms, substantial amounts of sturgeon leftover bits and pieces is hesitated to discard, and how effectively to utilize full-scale development of the sturgeon leftover bits and pieces to sturgeon
Using very necessary.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide preparing lowering fat and protecting liver guarantor using sturgeon leftover bits and pieces sturgeon extract oil made from raw material
Purposes in health food or medicine.
Specifically, the present invention provides purposes of the sturgeon extract oil in lowering fat and protecting liver health food or medicine is prepared, the sturgeon
The preparation method of fish extract oil includes：Using sturgeon leftover bits and pieces as raw material, cleaning homogenate, aqueous enzymatic method are carried out successively and digests, centrifuge, have
Machine solvent extraction, evaporation of organic solvent, obtain the sturgeon extract oil.
Preferably, the preparation method of the sturgeon extract oil includes：It is homogenized after sturgeon leftover bits and pieces is cleaned, by 1：0.5~4
Solid-liquid ratio addition water, add proteolytic enzyme, adjust the pH value of enzymolysis liquid to 5~9, enzyme is carried out under inert gas shielding
Centrifuged after solution, enzymolysis, take upper liquid, added and the sturgeon extraction is obtained after organic solvent extraction, extract evaporation of organic solvent
Oil.
In accordance with the present invention it is preferred that, the addition of the proteolytic enzyme is 250~10000U/g.Preferably 1500-
2500U/g.The addition of heretofore described proteolytic enzyme is with the sturgeon leftover bits and pieces and the total amount of the mixture of water after being homogenized
For calculating benchmark.
Preferably, the proteolytic enzyme is papain, alkali protease or neutral proteinase.Preferably pawpaw egg
White enzyme, results in more preferable hydrolysis result, so as to improve oil yield using the protease.
Preferably, the pH value of regulation enzymolysis liquid is to 6~8, more preferably to 6.5~7.5, most preferably 7.Adjust the side of pH value
Method is known to the skilled person, for example, being adjusted with 4mol/L NaOH or HCl.
According to the present invention, the condition of enzymolysis can be determined according to protease species, it is preferable that the condition bag of the enzymolysis
Include：Temperature is 30~60 DEG C, preferably 40~50 DEG C.Time is 0.5~4h, preferably 1~3h.The inert gas is preferably
Nitrogen.
In accordance with the present invention it is preferred that, centrifuged while hot after enzymolysis, the method for the centrifugation is known to the skilled person,
For example, centrifugal force can be 3000-10000g.
According to the present invention, the sturgeon leftover bits and pieces generally refers to sturgeon internal organ, it is preferable that sturgeon in the sturgeon leftover bits and pieces
The content of fish guts is more than 80wt%, can also include other leftover bits and pieces such as fish-bone, fish-skin, fish scale.
In the present invention, the organic solvent can extract oil phase and the organic solvent of nonhazardous, institute for routine is various
It is preferably ether and/or ethanol to state organic solvent.The addition of the organic solvent can be determined as needed, for example, with volume
Than 1:1 adds.
In accordance with the present invention it is preferred that, the preparation method of the sturgeon extract oil also includes further refining, the refined bag
Include：Degumming, depickling, decolouring and deodorization.
After measured, the saturated fatty acid containing 18~26 weight %, 30~45 weights in the sturgeon extract oil of the invention
Measure many insatiable hungers of n-6 of % monounsaturated fatty acids, 5~20 weight % n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and 15~30 weight %
And aliphatic acid.
In the present invention, lipid-loweringing mainly includes reduction serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, blood low-density lipoprotein.Shield
Liver mainly includes reduction Serum ALT/AST levels, mitigates fatty degeneration of liver and slow down fatty liver inflammatory process, improve liver cell knot
Structure and function.
Proved by zoopery：The sturgeon extract oil according to made from the inventive method can effectively reduce blood fat and serum
ALT/AST levels, mitigate hepatic cell fattydegeneration and inflammatory change, alleviate hepatocellular injury, available for NASH
Prevention.
The fish oil extracted according to the preferred embodiment for the present invention, the recovery rate of fish oil is more than 82.5%.The crude fish oil of extraction
Unsaturated fatty acid content is high, has reached 74.71%, exceeds well over general fresh water fish oil, with a part of deep sea fish oil content phase
When.Crude fish oil is without tapinoma-odour after refined, and color is faint yellow, clear, and acid value is 0.1, and peroxide value is 0.49,
Far below one-level fish oil national standard.
In addition, the method that the present invention extracts fish oil can be without antioxidant, such as Tea Polyphenols or VC.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in subsequent embodiment part.
Brief description of the drawings
By the way that exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in more detail with reference to accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the mouse liver paraffin section H＆E colored graphs in embodiment 3.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in more detail below.Although the following describing being preferable to carry out for the present invention
Mode, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the present invention without that should be limited by embodiments set forth herein.
Sense organ is determined with reference to marine industry standard《Feed fish oil》(SC/T 3504-2006)；Determination of POV reference
National standard《Animal and plant fat determination of POV》(GB/T 5538-2005)；Acid value determination is with reference to national standard《Animal and plant fat acid value
And acidity assaying》(GB/T 5530-2005).
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is the preparation of sturgeon extract oil.
Simultaneously physics homogenate freezes cleaning sturgeon internal organ；Part sturgeon homogenate is weighed, is put into conical flask with cover, by 1：1 adds
Water adjustment liquid ratio (mL/g), adjusts the pH=7 of enzymolysis liquid with 4mol/L NaOH or HCL, then adds 2500U/g pawpaw eggs
White enzyme, and nitrogen is filled into conical flask, 2h is reacted at a temperature of 55 DEG C, is then centrifuged while hot under 5000g centrifugal force
10min, isolates upper strata oil, adds ether (1:1, V/V) extract, remove impurity；Re-evaporation removes ether, obtains sturgeon extraction
Oil.The recovery rate of fish oil is 82.94%.The crude fish oil of extraction after refined (degumming, depickling, deodorization, decolouring) without tapinoma-odour,
Color is faint yellow, clear, and acid value is 0.1mgKOH/g, and peroxide value is 0.49mmol/kg, as shown in table 1, remote low
In one-level fish oil national standard.
Table 1
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is that gas chromatography-mass spectrography detection sturgeon extracts fatty acid oil composition and ratio.
Sturgeon extracts oil samples with n-hexane dissolution, adds 0.5mol/L potassium hydroxide-methanol solution through 50 DEG C of esterifications
30min, takes supernatant through 0.2 μM of membrane filtration, and heat up mensuration program：140 DEG C of holdings 2min, 10 DEG C/min are warming up to 160 DEG C, guarantor
3min is held, 2 DEG C/min is warming up to 240 DEG C, keeps 3min.Measure fatty acid type contained by sturgeon extract oil and average weight content
Respectively：Saturated fatty acid 23.56%, monounsaturated fatty acids 39.97%, n-3PUFA12.55%, n-6PUFA23.19%.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is used to detect sturgeon extract oil to animal pattern lowering fat and protecting liver effect.
1st, experimental animal and material：
Animal：SPF grades of male C 57 BL/6 J mouse 5-6 week old, 20 ± 2g of body weight.
Reagent：DEPC, Trizol, SYBR qPCR Mix, Yihong, haematine, reverse transcriptase (M-MLV), ALT/AST/
The many measure such as TG/HDL-C/FFA kit, D12450 basal feeds, D12451 standard high lipid foods；
Instrument：Table model high speed centrifuge, ABI7500 real-time fluorescence quantitative PCRs instrument, low temperature cryostat, ELIASA.
2nd, animal packet
Animal is grouped at random, and each group is 20, if Normal group (CON groups) (feeding D12450 basal feeds), sturgeon
Fish control group (SC groups) (basal feed+sturgeon oil), hyperlipidemia model group (HFD groups) (D12451 standards high lipid food), sturgeon oil
Intervention group (SF) (high lipid food+sturgeon oil).Daily timing (16:00) restricted scale of rationing, the heat such as each control group is fed, each high fat
The heats such as experimental group are fed；Ensure daily to ensure that feed can all be eaten up, free water.Feeding 12 weeks.
Each group feed formula is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
| CON(g/kg) | SC(g/kg) | HFD(g/kg) | SF(g/kg) | |
| Casein | 191.3 | 191.3 | 232 | 232 |
| Cornstarch | 484.2 | 484.2 | 84 | 84 |
| Dextrin | 119.6 | 119.6 | 116 | 116 |
| Sucrose | 65.9 | 65.9 | 200 | 200 |
| Soya-bean oil | 23.9 | 10 | 50 | 60 |
| Lard | 19.1 | 18 | 106 | 76 |
| Corn oil | 0 | 0 | 80 | 0 |
| Sturgeon oil | 0 | 15 | 0 | 100 |
| Cellulose | 47.8 | 47.8 | 58 | 58 |
| Mineral matter | 33.5 | 33.5 | 57 | 57 |
| Vitamin | 9.6 | 9.6 | 12 | 12 |
| CYSTINE | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3 | 3 |
| Tartaric acid stone | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2 | 2 |
| TBHQ | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.047 | 0.047 |
3rd, the change of mouse liver index and obesity index
The change of mouse liver index：During 12w, there was no significant difference for each group mouse liver index；During 16w, each group Mouse Liver
There was no significant difference for index；During 24w, HFD groups conspicuousness is higher than (P<0.001) CON groups；The liver index at each time point totally becomes
Gesture is stable, illustrates that high fat diet can increase the liver index of mouse.
The change of mouse obesity index：During 8w, HFD groups obesity number conspicuousness (P<0.01) it is higher than CON groups；During 12w, HFD
Group obesity index conspicuousness (P<0.001) it is higher than CON groups；During 16w, HFD group obesity index conspicuousnesses (P<0.05) it is higher than CON
Group, illustrates that high fat diet can result in the increase of mouse obesity index.
The liver index and obesity index of HFD mouse are raised in 24w compared with normal group mouse conspicuousness, illustrate obese model
Modeling success.
4th, sample collection and processing
Claim mouse weight, eyeball takes blood, collect blood, after 4 DEG C stand 2 hours, 4 DEG C, 3000rpm centrifugations 15min prepares fresh
Serum, detection blood fat, blood ALT/AST levels.On left lobe of liver about 1.5cm × 1.5cm × 1.5cm size hepatic tissues be completely soaked in
It is fixed in 10% paraformaldehyde liquid, for hepatic tissue section.Yihong-brazilwood extract dyeing after section, observation hepatic tissue structure, cell
Form and cellular fat denaturation, be respectively completed ballooning degeneration of liver cells, steatosis, in leaflet inflammation and fibrosis etc. meter
Divide, be classified or score.
5th, result and analysis, are shown in Table 1.
(1) blood T-CHOL (TC)：SF groups reduce (P compared with HFD groups conspicuousness<0.0001).
(2) blood triglyceride (TG)：SF groups reduce (P compared with HFD groups conspicuousness<0.01).
(3) blood highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)：SF groups are compared with the higher (P of HFD group conspicuousnesses<0.01).
(4) blood low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)：SF groups are compared with the relatively low (P of HFD group conspicuousnesses<0.001).
(5) blood ALT and AST：SF groups reduce (P compared with HFD groups conspicuousness<0.001).
The blood biochemistry testing result of table 1
| HFD | SF | |
| TC(mmol/L) | 8.320±2.250 | 5.179±0.805**** |
| TG(mmol/L) | 1.640±0.4081 | 1.057±0.326**** |
| HDL-C(mmol/L) | 1.666±0.5849 | 3.112±1.616*** |
| LDL-C(mmol/L) | 4.851±1.375 | 3.553±0.7488** |
| AST(U/L) | 96.13±51.72 | 62.29±24.39* |
| ALT(U/L) | 77.65±18.53 | 79.86±15.45 |
Note：*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001,****P<0.0001
(6) as shown in figure 1, section result is shown：CON groups and SC groups mouse liver cell and indifference, cellular morphology and group
Knit the equal clear in structure of leaflet normal, liver cell proper alignment, without inflammatory cell infiltration.HFD group diffusivity bullas vesicle is mixed
Inflammatory infiltration in type steatosis, portal area and leaflet, SF is compared with HFD groups, and balloon sample, which becomes quantity, to be reduced, steatosis degree
Slightly mitigate, inflammatory cell infiltration mitigates.Illustrate that high fat diet can result in NAFLD, while inflammatory reaction may be caused, and
Symptom can be alleviated and be mitigated to sturgeon oil.
The results show：Sturgeon extract oil, which has, significantly reduces serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein
Effect；Simultaneously, it is possible to decrease Serum ALT and AST levels, mitigate hepatic cell fattydegeneration and inflammatory invades profit, for hyperlipidemia model institute
The fatty liver of cause has prevention mitigation.Sturgeon extract oil can be developed as the health products of lowering fat and protecting liver or the use of medicine
On the way, the prevention for NASH.
It is described above various embodiments of the present invention, described above is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is not limited to disclosed each embodiment.In the case of without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for this skill
Many modifications and changes will be apparent from for the those of ordinary skill in art field.
Claims (10)
1. purposes of the sturgeon extract oil in lowering fat and protecting liver health food or medicine is prepared, it is characterised in that the sturgeon extract oil
Preparation method include：Using sturgeon leftover bits and pieces as raw material, cleaning homogenate, aqueous enzymatic method enzymolysis, centrifugation, organic solvent extraction are carried out successively
Take, evaporation of organic solvent, obtain the sturgeon extract oil.
2. purposes according to claim 1, wherein, the preparation method of the sturgeon extract oil includes：By sturgeon leftover bits and pieces
It is homogenized after cleaning, by 1：0.5~4 solid-liquid ratio addition water, adds proteolytic enzyme, adjusts the pH value of enzymolysis liquid to 5~9,
Digested, centrifuged after enzymolysis under inert gas shielding, take upper liquid, add organic solvent extraction, extract evaporation is organic
The sturgeon extract oil is obtained after solvent.
3. purposes according to claim 2, wherein, the addition of the proteolytic enzyme is 250~10000U/g.
4. purposes according to claim 2, wherein, the proteolytic enzyme be papain, alkali protease or in
Property protease.
5. purposes according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, the condition of the enzymolysis includes：Temperature is 30~60 DEG C, time
For 0.5~4h.
6. purposes according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, the content of sturgeon internal organ is 80wt% in the sturgeon leftover bits and pieces
More than.
7. purposes according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, the organic solvent is ether and/or ethanol.
8. purposes according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, the saturation containing 18~26 weight % in the sturgeon extract oil
Aliphatic acid, 30~45 weight % monounsaturated fatty acids, 5~20 weight % n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and 15~30 weights
Measure % n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
9. purposes according to claim 1, wherein, it is low that lipid-loweringing includes reduction serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, blood
Density lipoprotein.
10. purposes according to claim 1, wherein, protect liver includes reduction Serum ALT/AST levels, mitigates hepatic steatosis
Property and slow down fatty liver inflammatory process, improve liver cell 26S Proteasome Structure and Function.
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