CN107314835B - A kind of experiment flat-plate drag test device - Google Patents
A kind of experiment flat-plate drag test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107314835B CN107314835B CN201610267815.5A CN201610267815A CN107314835B CN 107314835 B CN107314835 B CN 107314835B CN 201610267815 A CN201610267815 A CN 201610267815A CN 107314835 B CN107314835 B CN 107314835B
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- assay plate
- plate
- elastic steel
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005483 Hooke's law Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/04—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring elastic deformation of gauges, e.g. of springs
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
This application involves a kind of experiment flat-plate drag test device, which includes the bracket for experiment successively installed from top to bottom, dynamometer and assay plate three parts, and flexible connection is all made of between dynamometer and bracket for experiment and assay plate；The width of the dynamometer is not less than the width of assay plate；The assay plate lifts vertically, and end portion immerses the water surface or less；The guide margin of the assay plate and with wedge shaped；The dynamometer is made of upper buckstay, lower buckstay, foil gauge and two elastic steel sheets being mounted between upper and lower buckstay both ends, elastic steel sheet is fastened by bolts at the both ends of upper and lower buckstay, foil gauge is set on the elastic steel sheet, and the foil gauge uses full-bridge connection type.Viscous pressure resistance caused by the present apparatus can reduce because of thickness and the wave making resistance caused by the water surface are avoided generating the resistance of appendage, and can be replaced according to actual needs to elastic steel sheet, to guarantee that range is appropriate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experiment flat-plate drag test devices, and in particular to one kind can accurately measure different coarse
Degree, different coating plate frictional resistance in water test device.
Background technique
In hull rapidity design field, the accurate frictional resistance of plate in water of testing is to calculate hull surface friction resistance
The basis of power.Plate is placed in hydrostatic in experiment measurement and is moved with determining speed, or that plate is placed on flow velocity is equal
In even, steady, determining sink, plate drag overall at this time is measured.To guarantee that water velocity is oriented parallel to plate in experiment.
And frictional resistance is only a part therein in actually measured drag overall, further includes other resistance components, such as: due to plate
The wave making resistance formed on viscous pressure resistance caused by thickness, additional drag caused by attachment and the water surface.
It is extremely difficult so as to cause accurate measurement plate frictional resistance due to the frictional resistance numerical value very little in experiment
, major influence factors have following aspects: first, other resistance components are inevitable in experiment, even if other are hindered
The numerical value very little of force component will also result in biggish error；Second, test needs dynamometer must range be small, precision is high, it is existing
There is the dynamometer that can satisfy aforementioned claim in technology seldom；Third, vibration, inclination and the buoyancy of experiment frame in experiment
It will influence the accuracy of measurement result.
Summary of the invention
The application provides a kind of experiment flat-plate drag test device for existing defect in the prior art, can
With assay plate resistance-strain value standard curve that basis is obtained previously according to experiment, by the strain value side measured in experiment
Just the Resistance Value that plate is subject to is obtained.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of experiment flat-plate drag test device, the test device include the experiment branch successively installed from top to bottom
Frame, dynamometer and assay plate three parts, are all made of the side of flexible connection between dynamometer and bracket for experiment and assay plate
Formula；The width of the dynamometer is not less than the width of assay plate；The assay plate lifts vertically, and end portion immerses the water surface
Below；The guide margin and lagging edge of the assay plate are wedge shaped, to reduce viscous pressure resistance；The dynamometer by upper buckstay, it is lower just
Property beam, foil gauge and be mounted between upper and lower buckstay both ends two elastic steel sheets composition, by elastic steel sheet by bolt it is tight
Gu foil gauge is arranged on the elastic steel sheet at the both ends of upper and lower buckstay, the foil gauge uses full-bridge connection type, keeps away
Exempt from measurement error caused by two elastic steel sheet unbalance stress.
Its further technical solution are as follows:
The position apart from elastic steel sheet upper and lower ends 15-30% elastic steel sheet height is arranged in the foil gauge, is preferably provided with
In the position apart from 25% elastic steel sheet height of elastic steel sheet upper and lower ends, i.e. foil gauge spacing h is about elastic steel sheet overall length H
Half.
The assay plate is lifted using two o'clock, and Hoisting Position is respectively apart from guide margin and lagging edge assay plate length 15%-
25% position avoids the deformation of assay plate under the effect of gravity, and hydrodynamic force exciting phenomenon occurs.
The sheet metal that the assay plate uses with a thickness of 3-8mm, the sheet metal of preferably 4mm thickness, to reduce wave making resistance.
The upper buckstay or lower buckstay use square steel or channel steel.
The assay plate is processed by the way of wire cutting, avoids thermal deformation.
The length of assay plate is 500-2000mm, width 300-1500mm.
The flexible connection mode is hook, hanging ring or movable bolt.
Technical effect of the invention: the flat-plate drag test device of experiment described in the present patent application can pass through reduction
Slab-thickness, come viscous pressure resistance and the wave making resistance caused by the water surface caused by reducing because of thickness, or even to viscous pressure resistance and emerging
Wave resistance can be ignored；In addition, the present apparatus is partially not provided with any attachment under water, to avoid generating attached body resistance
Power；It before experiment, returns to zero to flat-plate drag test device, can reduce the small angle inclination and the buoyancy of its own of plate
With measurement error caused by gravity.In addition, the present apparatus can also be applied to carry out different roughness processing on surface or spary is each
The resistance measurement of the plate of kind coating, and elastic steel sheet can be replaced according to actual needs, to guarantee that range is suitable
When.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of flat-plate drag test device；
Fig. 2 is the guide margin or lagging edge schematic shapes of assay plate；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that dynamometer deforms under external force；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of elastic steel sheet and foil gauge；
Fig. 5 is the full-bridge connected mode schematic diagram of foil gauge.
Fig. 6 is resistance-strain value standard curve.
Description of symbols: 1 experiment frame, 2 bolts, buckstay on 3,4 elastic steel sheets, 5 lower buckstays, 6 hooks, 7 experiments
Plate, 8 water surface curves, 9 assay plate lagging edges, 10 assay plate guide margins, 11 foil gauges.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the technical solution of the present patent application is illustrated.
The production of assay plate resistance-strain value standard curve.
In air, certain power is applied to assay plate by pulley, filament, counterweight, corresponding strain value can be measured.
Need to measure one group of Weight gravity and corresponding strain value according to experiment.After measuring strain value in experiment, according to what is be previously obtained
The corresponding relationship of assay plate resistance and strain value obtains the resistance of assay plate.
Resistance calculation formulae: R=1/2*C ρ V22S(comes from " principle of naval architecture " teaching material)
R=CρV2S
Wherein S is the area (㎡ of assay plate upper surface), V is the flow velocity (m/s) of water, and ρ is the density (kg/m3) of water, C
For resistance coefficient.
Amount of stress σ is first related to, correlativity is E ε=σ, this is Hooke's law；Another is σ=M/(bt2/6), be
Stress formula of the rectangular beam under Moment, wherein M is local torque.In the present invention, torque M=(R/2) × (h/2), R/
2 be because resistance is shared equally by two dynamometers, and h/2 is the actually active arm of force.To show that formula 2E ε bt2=3Rh is according to power
Learn the derivation of equation and come, to obtain the relationship between resistance R and strain stress: R=(2E/3*bt2/h) * ε.
It is obtained according to a series of R and μ ε values in table 1 such as the standard curve in attached drawing 6, so as to very easily basis
Strain value ε obtains the value of corresponding resistance R.
The data list of 1 standard curve of table.
Embodiment 1
A kind of experiment flat-plate drag test device, the test device include the experiment branch successively installed from top to bottom
Frame, dynamometer and assay plate three parts are all made of hook connection between dynamometer and bracket for experiment and assay plate；It is described
The width of dynamometer is not less than the width of assay plate；The length of assay plate is 1000mm, and width 700mm, thick 4mm's is thin
Steel plate, to reduce wave making resistance.The assay plate is lifted on the lower end of dynamometer vertically by the way of two o'clock lifting, avoids
The deformation of assay plate under the effect of gravity, and there is hydrodynamic force exciting phenomenon.Hoisting Position is respectively apart from guide margin and lagging edge
The position of assay plate length 25%, i.e. 50mm, the end portion of assay plate immerse the water surface hereinafter, 100mm exposes the surface；It is real
Guide margin and lagging edge the polishing wedgewise of surface plate two sides, to reduce viscous pressure resistance；The dynamometer is by upper buckstay, lower buckstay
And the two elastic steel sheets composition being mounted between upper and lower buckstay both ends, elastic steel sheet is fastened by bolts upper and lower rigid
Property beam both ends, upper buckstay or lower buckstay use square steel, and under the action of resistance, upper and lower buckstay hardly deforms, elasticity
Steel disc generates S deformation, as shown in Figure 3.Resistance Value is obtained by strain caused by measurement elastic steel sheet deformation.The Elastic Steel
Four foil gauges are arranged on piece, and the position apart from 25% elastic steel sheet height of elastic steel sheet upper and lower ends is arranged in foil gauge, described
Foil gauge is connected using full-bridge mode, to avoid measurement error caused by two elastic steel sheet unbalance stress.By foil gauge with
The deformeter of peripheral hardware connects, to obtain strain value.In order to avoid thermal deformation, assay plate is processed by the way of wire cutting.
Dynamometer is lifted on experiment frame by movable bolt or hook.
Wherein the calculation method of resistance is as follows:
General resistance calculation formulae R=C ρ V2S, wherein S is the area (㎡ of assay plate upper surface), V is the flow velocity of water
(m/s), ρ is the density (kg/m3) of water, and C is resistance coefficient.
In the present embodiment, flow velocity V is 2m/s, and assay plate area is S=1.0 × 0.7=0.7 ㎡, the density of water be ρ=
1000kg/m3, C value 0.04, then R=112N；
For the dynamometer in the present invention, the width b of elastic steel sheet, thickness t are obtained also according to formula 2E ε bt2=3Rh
The size relationship for being h with two foil gauge spacing, wherein the elastic modulus E of stainless steel used by elastic steel sheet=200Gpa is answered
Become the target value of ε as 100 × 10-6, to guarantee measurement accuracy, the value for obtaining size relationship bt2/h is 8.4mm2；
B=15mm, t=5mm are selected, then h=45mm, elastic steel sheet length H is chosen as 2 times of foil gauge spacing h, i.e., selected bullet
The long 90mm of property steel disc.
As shown in figure 4, the width of elastic steel sheet is b, with a thickness of t, two foil gauge spacing are h, the determination of three parameters
Method are as follows: firstly, estimation resistance R, if flow velocity is V, assay plate area is S, and the density of water is ρ, then resistance R=C ρ V2S,
The value range of middle C is between 0.01 ~ 0.04；Then, the target value of strain stress is chosen, range is 50 × 10-6 ~ 200 × 10-6
Between；After resistance R, strain stress determine, the elastic modulus E of elastic steel sheet is checked in, can obtain bt2/h's according to formula 2E ε bt2=3Rh
Value；Guarantee that b is greater than 8mm；T is adjusted, guarantees that b is 3 ~ 5 times of t；Two foil gauge spacing h are determined according to b and t.
Embodiment 2
A kind of experiment flat-plate drag test device, the test device include the experiment branch successively installed from top to bottom
Frame, dynamometer and assay plate three parts are all made of hanging ring connection between dynamometer and bracket for experiment and assay plate；It is described
The width of dynamometer is not less than the width of assay plate；The length of assay plate be 2000mm, width 1500mm, thick 8mm's
Sheet metal, to reduce wave making resistance.The assay plate is lifted on the lower end of dynamometer vertically by the way of two o'clock lifting, keeps away
Exempt from the deformation of assay plate under the effect of gravity, and hydrodynamic force exciting phenomenon occurs.Hoisting Position respectively apart from guide margin and with
The end portion of the position of side assay plate length 20%, i.e. 400mm, assay plate immerses the water surface or less；Assay plate two sides
Guide margin and lagging edge polishing wedgewise, to reduce viscous pressure resistance；The dynamometer by upper buckstay, lower buckstay and be mounted on,
Two elastic steel sheets composition between lower buckstay both ends, elastic steel sheet is fastened by bolts at the both ends of upper and lower buckstay,
Upper buckstay or lower buckstay use channel steel, and under the action of resistance, upper and lower buckstay hardly deforms, and elastic steel sheet generates change
Shape, as shown in Figure 3.Resistance Value is obtained by strain caused by measurement elastic steel sheet deformation.It is arranged four on the elastic steel sheet
The position apart from 30% elastic steel sheet height of elastic steel sheet upper and lower ends is arranged in a foil gauge, foil gauge, and the foil gauge uses
Full-bridge mode connects, to avoid measurement error caused by two elastic steel sheet unbalance stress.By the strain of foil gauge and peripheral hardware
Instrument connection, to obtain strain value.In order to avoid thermal deformation, assay plate is processed by the way of wire cutting.Dynamometer passes through
Movable bolt or hanging ring are lifted on experiment frame.The calculation method of resistance is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of experiment flat-plate drag test device, the test device include the experiment branch successively installed from top to bottom
Frame, dynamometer and assay plate three parts are all made of hook connection between dynamometer and bracket for experiment and assay plate；It is described
The width of dynamometer is not less than the width of assay plate；The length of assay plate is 500mm, and width 300mm, thick 3mm's is thin
Steel plate, to reduce wave making resistance.The assay plate is lifted on the lower end of dynamometer vertically by the way of two o'clock lifting, avoids
The deformation of assay plate under the effect of gravity, and there is hydrodynamic force exciting phenomenon.Hoisting Position is respectively apart from guide margin and lagging edge
The end portion of the position of assay plate length 15%, i.e. 75mm, assay plate immerses the water surface or less；It leads assay plate two sides
Side and lagging edge polishing wedgewise, to reduce viscous pressure resistance；The dynamometer is by upper buckstay, lower buckstay and is mounted on upper and lower
Two elastic steel sheets composition between buckstay both ends, elastic steel sheet is fastened by bolts at the both ends of upper and lower buckstay, on
Buckstay or lower buckstay use square steel, and under the action of resistance, upper and lower buckstay hardly deforms, and elastic steel sheet generates change
Shape, as shown in Figure 3.Resistance Value is obtained by strain caused by measurement elastic steel sheet deformation.It is arranged four on the elastic steel sheet
The position apart from 15% elastic steel sheet height of elastic steel sheet upper and lower ends is arranged in a foil gauge, foil gauge, and the foil gauge uses
Full-bridge mode connects, to avoid measurement error caused by two elastic steel sheet unbalance stress.By the strain of foil gauge and peripheral hardware
Instrument connection, to obtain strain value.In order to avoid thermal deformation, assay plate is processed by the way of wire cutting.Dynamometer passes through
Movable bolt or hook are lifted on experiment frame.The calculation method of resistance is the same as embodiment 1.
Above description is explanation of the invention, is not intended to limit the invention, and limited range of the present invention is referring to right
It is required that within protection scope of the present invention, any type of modification can be made.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of experiment flat-plate drag test device, which is characterized in that the test device includes successively installing from top to bottom
Bracket for experiment, dynamometer and assay plate three parts, are adopted between dynamometer and bracket for experiment, dynamometer and assay plate
With the mode of flexible connection；The width of the dynamometer is not less than the width of assay plate；The assay plate lifts vertically, under
End part immerses the water surface or less；The guide margin and lagging edge of the assay plate are wedge shaped, to reduce viscous pressure resistance；The dynamometer by
Upper buckstay, lower buckstay, foil gauge and the two elastic steel sheets composition being mounted between upper and lower buckstay both ends, will be elastic
Steel disc, which is fastened by bolts on the both ends of upper and lower buckstay, the elastic steel sheet, is arranged foil gauge, and the foil gauge is using complete
The connection type of bridge avoids measurement error caused by two elastic steel sheet unbalance stress.
2. experiment flat-plate drag test device as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the foil gauge is arranged in distance
The position of elastic steel sheet upper and lower ends 15-30% elastic steel sheet height.
3. experiment flat-plate drag test device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the foil gauge is arranged in distance
The position of 25% elastic steel sheet height of elastic steel sheet upper and lower ends.
4. the experiment flat-plate drag test device as described in claims 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that the assay plate is adopted
It is lifted with two o'clock, the Hoisting Position position apart from guide margin and lagging edge assay plate width 15%-25% respectively avoids assay plate from existing
Deformation under gravity and there is hydrodynamic force exciting phenomenon.
5. experiment flat-plate drag test device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the assay plate uses thickness
For the sheet metal of 3-8mm, to reduce wave making resistance.
6. experiment flat-plate drag test device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the upper buckstay or lower rigidity
Beam uses square steel or channel steel.
7. experiment flat-plate drag test device as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the assay plate is cut using line
The mode cut is processed, and thermal deformation is avoided.
8. experiment flat-plate drag test device as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the length of assay plate is 500-
2000mm, width 300-1500mm.
9. experiment flat-plate drag test device as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the flexible connection mode is
Hook, hanging ring or movable bolt.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610267815.5A CN107314835B (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2016-04-27 | A kind of experiment flat-plate drag test device |
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| CN201610267815.5A CN107314835B (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2016-04-27 | A kind of experiment flat-plate drag test device |
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| CN107314835B true CN107314835B (en) | 2019-11-05 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108247698A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-07-06 | 王俊敏 | A kind of flexible material cutting means |
| CN108593058B (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-10-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | Air drag tests balance |
| CN109724771B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-07-14 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Simple pendulum type balance for measuring underwater vehicle resistance |
| CN110132837B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2021-11-16 | 江苏科技大学 | Synchronous measurement device and method for surface friction resistance of underwater flat plate |
| CN111141479B (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2021-02-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | Test device for improving measurement precision of plate friction resistance |
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| RU2113373C1 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 1998-06-20 | Центральный научно-исследовательский институт им.акад.А.Н.Крылова | Device for towing tests of ship model in model testing basin |
| CN1793810A (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2006-06-28 | 清华大学 | Flat plate wall fluid friction resistance mensuring device based on open circulation |
| CN103512724A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Test device and method for assessing non-smooth surface anti-drag effect |
| CN103759918A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-04-30 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Test device and method for evaluating bionic jet flow surface panel friction reduction effect |
| CN104634538A (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2015-05-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Experiment device for measuring flow resistance of flat panel |
| CN105004454A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-10-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Heavy-load single-component sensor and measuring method |
| CN105387993A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-03-09 | 武汉理工大学 | Testing apparatus for fluid resistance performance of flat plate surface |
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2016
- 2016-04-27 CN CN201610267815.5A patent/CN107314835B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2113373C1 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 1998-06-20 | Центральный научно-исследовательский институт им.акад.А.Н.Крылова | Device for towing tests of ship model in model testing basin |
| CN1793810A (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2006-06-28 | 清华大学 | Flat plate wall fluid friction resistance mensuring device based on open circulation |
| CN103512724A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Test device and method for assessing non-smooth surface anti-drag effect |
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