CN107311731A - A kind of new bio charcoal fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of new bio charcoal fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107311731A CN107311731A CN201610263619.0A CN201610263619A CN107311731A CN 107311731 A CN107311731 A CN 107311731A CN 201610263619 A CN201610263619 A CN 201610263619A CN 107311731 A CN107311731 A CN 107311731A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of new bio charcoal fertilizer and preparation method thereof, belong to biomass resource recycling field, be made up of the raw material of following weight parts：60 ~ 80 parts of agriculture and forestry by-product, 20 ~ 30 parts of human and animal excreta, 15 ~ 25 parts of catalyst, 8 ~ 12 parts of activator.On the one hand the charcoal fertilizer of the present invention can be significantly increased micropore to increase specific surface area, can preferably increase the soil organism, absorb heavy metal, improved soil, increase fertility.On the other hand the reservation of nutritional ingredient is more conducive to and to agriculture and forestry by-product, the locking of the nutritional ingredient of human and animal excreta, so as to element N, P, the K and various trace elements etc. of having additional nutrients.This preparation method is simple, controllable, easy implementation, the prospect with industrialization promotion, and significant economic benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biomass resource recycling field, and in particular to a kind of new bio charcoal fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Whether in cereal crops or the field of planting in industrial crops, crop yield and quality just are improved using the means of fertilising for a long time.From earliest administration farm organic fertilizer to applying inorganic fertilizer, then to applying compound organic and inorganic fertilizer.Fertilization type, dose and proportioning etc. all have a great impact to cereal crops or yield of commercial crops and quality.Although traditional fertilizer especially compound organic and inorganic fertilizer serves good effect in terms of crop yield is improved.But, there is composition in traditional fertilizer and nutrient formula is unreasonable, can hardly recover soil fertility, improve soil texture, or even can also produce side effect, cause soil hardening etc..
The survival and development of the mankind are all the time along with the generation of substantial amounts of people and animal residue, the raising lived with people, and pollution of the human and animal excreta to environment is also increasingly serious.First, the material such as substantial amounts of organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is contained in human and animal excreta, if directly discharging, water pollution and eutrophication can be caused.Secondly, a large amount of pathogen are contained in excrement, easily trigger the prevalence of extensive infectious disease.Again, organic matter rots to produce toxic and harmful gas after decomposing in fecal sewage, occurs stench.These equal severe contaminations the earth, water body, air and biocoene, and potential threat is produced to health.The features such as human and animal excreta mostly has that moisture content is high, is difficult to store, making moist perishable simultaneously, the problems such as causing big cost of transportation, big storage area and high processing cost.Therefore seeking suitable human and animal excreta processing method has realistic meaning and Commercial Prospect.
China produces agriculture and forestry accessory substance per year（Biomass）About 1,000,000,000 tons, wherein only the stalk amount of the staple crop such as corn, paddy rice, wheat is just more than 500,000,000 tons.With the increase of China's grain-production total amount, this numeral also will further improve.Although China's agricultural crop straw substantial amounts, are increasingly difficult to return to farmland.Therefore, the Ministry of Agriculture exists《National food security medium-term and long-term plans outline（2008-2020 years）In point out, strict Control the Plan Pollution Sources, protection and improve grain home environment, and the new breakthrough in terms of efficiently being utilized by agricultural resource is puted forth effort to improve Per Unit Area Grain Yield level.Therefore, how the waste resources such as stalk are returned into farmland, increase soil is inputted, and improved soil structure is one of the problem of current China's agricultural development is in the urgent need to address.Wherein, agriculture and forestry by-product carbonizes returning to the field technology by as one of important approach.Promote stalk powdered carbon and chemical fertilizer hybrid technology, form complete stalk comprehensive utilization industrial chain, new growth engines can not only be formed, increase the income of peasant, effectively reduce carbon emission, meet agricultural production needs, both the industrial policy of China had been met, also there is wide market, while being also adapted with environmental protection Economic Development Mode, make project that there is economic benefit and the dual efficiency of social benefit.
Charcoal（biochar）It is that biomass has height aromatising substance under anoxic or anaerobic condition through the class obtained by thermal cracking that is carbonized.Charcoal typically has the structure of loose micropore, so application of the charcoal as soil conditioner, fertilizer slow release carrier in crop-planting field is more and more at present.Numerous studies show that the administration of charcoal can improve soil fertility, increase crop yield, and applying charcoal can fertilizing soil, the raising soil organism（SOM）, while decomposition is slow, can reduce the effect such as heavy metal and organic pollution biological effectiveness.Its porous promotes charcoal to adsorb the soil organism, and the small organic molecule of catalytic activity polymerize to form SOM, promotes the formation of soil agreegate；In addition, its biological stability can promote the formation of agron, soil fertility is constructed.In addition biomass carbon can effectively adjust the circulation of the nutrients such as soil N, P, K, improve soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability.Current charcoal fertilizer is due to its raw material and preparation method, and microcellular structure is on the low side, specific surface area is also less than normal, and microcellular structure and specific surface area are the principal elements for determining its adsorption function；Furthermore, the plant nutrient such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium of traditional biological charcoal fertilizer and other micro- contents are extremely low, generally require to coordinate other fertilizer to strengthen fertilizer efficiency in administration, cause cost and the increase of labour.Therefore, the absorption property and fertilizer efficiency for improving charcoal fertilizer are to realize biomass functionalization and an important striving direction of higher value application.
The content of the invention
To overcome the above not enough, the present invention changes the simple mode for preparing charcoal fertilizer for raw material using agriculture and forestry by-product, strengthen the microcellular structure and fertilizer efficiency of agriculture and forestry by-product and human and animal excreta charcoal product simultaneously using activator and catalyst, while solving human and animal excreta processing difficulty and the not enough problem of traditional biological charcoal product fertilizer efficiency.
To realize object above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of new bio charcoal fertilizer, is made up of the raw material of following weight parts：Agriculture and forestry by-product
60 ~ 80 parts, 20 ~ 30 parts of human and animal excreta, 15 ~ 25 parts of catalyst, 8 ~ 12 parts of activator.The catalyst is after plant ash water dissolves, to adjust PH to 8.2 ~ 8.6 with ammoniacal liquor, then filter, freeze-drying is formed；The activator is by potassium phosphate, potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide in mass ratio 2:2:1 mixed preparing is formed.
In above-mentioned raw materials, agriculture and forestry by-product parts by weight refer to the number that water content is weighed below 10%, and the parts by weight of human and animal excreta refer to the number that water content is weighed below 20%.
It is used as preferred technical scheme：A kind of new bio charcoal fertilizer, is made up of the raw material of following weight parts：75 parts of agriculture and forestry by-product, 25 parts of human and animal excreta, 20 parts of catalyst, 10 parts of activator.
It is used as preferred technical scheme：The agriculture and forestry by-product be maize straw, wheat stalk, corncob, cotton seed hulls, rice husk, peanut shell, beans shell, shell, bagasse, pericarp, dish leaf outer leaf, etc. one kind or several any mixture in outer fruit, cull fruit, wood chip etc..
It is used as preferred technical scheme：The plant ash is the plant ash obtained after arbor is burnt.Plant ash after arbor burning, impurity is less, and micropore on the one hand can be significantly increased to increase specific surface area, more conducively the reservation of nutritional ingredient and to agriculture and forestry by-product, the locking of the nutritional ingredient of human and animal excreta.On the other hand can have additional nutrients element N, P, K and trace elements of Ca, Mn, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu
Deng.In addition, many such as plastic molding and processing plants of factory can fully be recycled as substantial amounts of plant ash is produced after the arbor burning of fuel to it.
It is used as preferred technical scheme：Using 0.45 μm of filter membrane during filtering.Using thinner aperture, most impurity can be filtered out, the enrichment of formation and nutrient beneficial to charcoal micropore is retained.
The second object of the present invention, is to provide a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned new bio charcoal fertilizer, the technical scheme used for：
Comprise the steps：
（1）The selection and preparation of raw material
Choose that one kind or ratio of the agriculture and forestry by-product do not limit it is a variety of dry or dry, be ground into powder, mix；The human and animal excreta of selection is dried or dried, powder is ground into, is mixed；Wherein, the water content control of agriculture and forestry by-product is below 10%, and the water content control of human and animal excreta is below 20%；
（2）Weigh and mix
Weighed in the ratio and pass through step（1）Agriculture and forestry by-product, human and animal excreta and catalyst, activator after processing, and be sufficiently mixed and stir, obtain compound；
（3）It is dehydrated deoxygenation
Above-mentioned compound is put into filling rate in pyrolysis material bin, storehouse and is more than 80%, material bin is heated to 150 DEG C ~ 200 DEG C, and is incubated 20 ~ 60 minutes, is fully discharged residual air in storehouse using the vapor of generation；
（4）Cracking carbonization
By in the compound feeding cracking apparatus in material bin, it is warming up to 250 ~ 260 DEG C, keep the temperature 10 ~ 15 minutes, then 460 ~ 470 DEG C were warming up in 5 minutes, and keep the temperature 3 ~ 4 hours, then 150 ~ 180 DEG C were chilled in 3 minutes, the temperature is kept 30 ~ 60 minutes, material is fully completed carbonization；
（5）Cooling
After after material natural cooling, you can obtain charcoal fertilizer product.
It is of the invention that there is following distinguishing feature and beneficial effect compared with existing preparation method：
1st, charcoal is activated using activator, product is increased more than 40%, fertilizer efficiency increase by more than 30% compared with traditional biological charcoal microcellular structure.
2nd, using the plant ash treated by specific process as catalyst, on the one hand the catalyst can be significantly increased micropore, increase specific surface area, so as to preferably increase the soil organism, absorb heavy metal, improved soil, increase fertility；On the other hand can have additional nutrients element N, P, K and trace element including Ca, Mn, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu etc., substantially without additionally adding other fertilizer.
3rd, using human and animal excreta and agriculture and forestry by-product mixture as primary raw material, more rich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element are contained compared with the charcoal fertilizer for making raw material acquisition merely with agriculture and forestry by-product.
4th, the easy organic carbon that decomposes is converted into stable fixed carbon, reduces the discharge of carbon dioxide in air, be conducive to improving Global climate change.
5th, using distinctive cleavage method of the invention, nutrient useful to crop in agriculture and forestry by-product and human and animal excreta, which can also be pinned, includes trace element, ensure that it reduces loss in cracking process and is not lost in even, the loss of nutrient is reduced, so that the need for preferably meeting plant growth.
6th, reasonable effective recycling has been carried out to substantial amounts of agriculture and forestry by-product and human and animal excreta, has greatly reduced atmosphere pollution and environmental pollution.
7th, as inexpensive non-chemical fertilizer, this charcoal fertilizer can provide the guarantee in yield for organic agriculture, green agriculture.This charcoal fertilizer preparation method is simple, controllable, easy implementation, while effectively human and animal excreta and agriculture and forestry by-product has been handled, obtained product has more rich microcellular structure and Geng Gao fertilizer efficiency compared with traditional biological charcoal, chemical fertilizer application can be replaced within the specific limits, prospect with industrialization promotion, and significant economic benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, the present invention will be described in further detail.Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of new bio charcoal fertilizer, is made up of the raw material of following weight parts：
80 parts of maize straw, water content is 8%（Weight ratio）
30 parts of human and animal excreta, water content is 16%（Weight ratio）
25 parts of catalyst, wherein, catalyst is after the plant ash water obtained after cypress is burnt dissolves, to adjust PH to 8.2 with ammoniacal liquor, then filter, and using 0.45 μm of filter membrane during filtering, is freeze-dried obtained material；
12 parts of activator, wherein, activator is by potassium phosphate, potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide in mass ratio 2:2:1
Mixed preparing is formed.
Preparation method：
Comprise the steps：
（1）The selection and preparation of raw material：Maize straw is dried or dried, powder is ground into, is mixed；Human and animal excreta is dried or dried, powder is ground into, is mixed；Wherein, the water content control of maize straw is below 8%, and the water content control of human and animal excreta is below 16%；
（2）Weigh and mix：Weighed according to the ratio and pass through step（1）Maize straw, human and animal excreta and catalyst, activator after processing, and be sufficiently mixed and stir, obtain compound；
（3）It is dehydrated deoxygenation：Above-mentioned compound is put into pyrolysis material bin, filling rate is 85% in storehouse, material bin is heated to 150 DEG C, and continue 60 minutes, residual air and vapor are discharged by exhaust outlet in material bin during this, carry out after energy regenerating, the waste liquid of acquisition is discharged into sewage disposal system, and a small amount of vapor is remained in material bin；
（4）Cracking carbonization：By in the compound feeding cracking apparatus in material bin, 250 DEG C are warming up to, the temperature is kept 10 minutes, 470 DEG C were then warming up in 5 minutes, and keep the temperature 3 hours, 150 DEG C were then chilled in 3 minutes, the temperature is kept 30 minutes.
（5）Cooling：After after material natural cooling, you can obtain charcoal fertilizer product.
The method charcoal yield about 45%, product microcellular structure increases about 48% compared with without activator and additive, and plant can utilize phosphorus and potassium total amount increase about 42%.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of new bio charcoal fertilizer, is made up of the raw material of following weight parts：
60 parts of wheat stalk, water content is 6%（Weight ratio）
20 parts of human and animal excreta, water content is 15%（Weight ratio）
15 parts of catalyst, wherein, catalyst is after the plant ash water obtained after cypress is burnt dissolves, to adjust PH to 8.6 with ammoniacal liquor, then filter, and using 0.45 μm of filter membrane during filtering, is freeze-dried obtained material；
8 parts of activator, wherein, activator by potassium phosphate, potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide in mass ratio
2:2:1 mixed preparing is formed.
Preparation method：
Comprise the steps：
（1）The selection and preparation of raw material：Wheat stalk is dried or dried, powder is ground into, is mixed；Human and animal excreta is dried or dried, powder is ground into, is mixed；Wherein, the water content control of wheat stalk is below 6%, and the water content control of human and animal excreta is below 15%；
（2）Weigh and mix：Weighed according to the ratio and pass through step（1）Wheat stalk, human and animal excreta and catalyst, activator after processing, and be sufficiently mixed and stir, obtain compound；
（3）It is dehydrated deoxygenation：Above-mentioned compound is put into pyrolysis material bin, filling rate is 85% in storehouse, material bin is heated to 200 DEG C, and continue 20 minutes, residual air and vapor are discharged by exhaust outlet in material bin during this, carry out after energy regenerating, the waste liquid of acquisition is discharged into sewage disposal system, and a small amount of vapor is remained in material bin；
（4）Cracking carbonization：By in the compound feeding cracking apparatus in material bin, 260 DEG C are warming up to, the temperature is kept 10 minutes, 460 DEG C were then warming up in 5 minutes, and keep the temperature 4 hours, 180 DEG C were then chilled in 3 minutes, the temperature is kept 60 minutes.
（5）Cooling：After after material natural cooling, you can obtain charcoal fertilizer product.
The method charcoal yield about 50%, product microcellular structure increases 52% compared with without activator and catalyst, and plant can utilize phosphorus and potassium total amount increase about 45%.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of new bio charcoal fertilizer, is made up of the raw material of following weight parts：
75 parts of wood chip, water content is 9%（Weight ratio）
25 parts of human and animal excreta, water content is 18%（Weight ratio）
20 parts of catalyst, wherein, catalyst is after the plant ash water obtained after cypress is burnt dissolves, to adjust PH to 8.2 with ammoniacal liquor, then filter, and using 0.45 μm of filter membrane during filtering, is freeze-dried obtained material；
10 parts of activator, wherein, activator is by potassium phosphate, potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide in mass ratio 2:2:1 mixed preparing is formed.
Preparation method：
Comprise the steps：
（1）The selection and preparation of raw material：Wood chip is dried or dried, powder is ground into, is mixed；Human and animal excreta is dried or dried, powder is ground into, is mixed；Wherein, the water content control of wood chip is below 9%, and the water content control of human and animal excreta is below 18%；
（2）Weigh and mix：Weighed according to the ratio and pass through step（1）Wood chip, human and animal excreta and catalyst, activator after processing, and be sufficiently mixed and stir, obtain compound；
（3）It is dehydrated deoxygenation：Above-mentioned compound is put into pyrolysis material bin, filling rate is 85% in storehouse, material bin is heated to 175 DEG C, and continue 40 minutes, residual air and vapor are discharged by exhaust outlet in material bin during this, carry out after energy regenerating, the waste liquid of acquisition is discharged into sewage disposal system, and a small amount of vapor is remained in material bin；
（4）Cracking carbonization：By in the compound feeding cracking apparatus in material bin, 260 DEG C are warming up to, the temperature is kept 12 minutes, 466 DEG C were then warming up in 5 minutes, and keep the temperature 3 hours, 160 DEG C were then chilled in 3 minutes, the temperature is kept 40 minutes；
（5）Cooling：After after material natural cooling, you can obtain charcoal fertilizer product.
The method charcoal yield about 48%, product microcellular structure increases 45% compared with without activator and catalyst, and plant can utilize phosphorus and potassium total amount increase about 42%.
The present invention is illustrated by specific implementation process, without departing from the present invention, various conversion and equal replacement can also be carried out to patent of the present invention, therefore, patent of the present invention is not limited to disclosed specific implementation process, and should include whole embodiments for falling into scope of the patent claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of new bio charcoal fertilizer, it is characterised in that be made up of the raw material of following weight parts：60 ~ 80 parts of agriculture and forestry by-product
, 20 ~ 30 parts of human and animal excreta, 15 ~ 25 parts of catalyst, 8 ~ 12 parts of activator, the catalyst is after plant ash water dissolves, to adjust PH to 8.2 ~ 8.6 with ammoniacal liquor, then filter, freeze-drying is formed；The activator by potassium phosphate, potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide in mass ratio
2:2:1 mixed preparing is formed.
2. the charcoal fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be made up of the raw material of following weight parts：75 parts of agriculture and forestry by-product, 25 parts of human and animal excreta, 20 parts of catalyst, 10 parts of activator.
3. the charcoal fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, the agriculture and forestry by-product be maize straw, wheat stalk, corncob, cotton seed hulls, rice husk, peanut shell, beans shell, shell, bagasse, pericarp, dish leaf outer leaf, etc. one kind or several any mixture in outer fruit, cull fruit, wood chip.
4. the charcoal fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The plant ash is the plant ash obtained after arbor is burnt.
5. the charcoal fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Using 0.45 μm of filter membrane during filtering.
6. the preparation method of charcoal fertilizer according to claim 1 ~ 5 any one, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps
：
（1）The selection and preparation of raw material
Choose that one kind or ratio of the agriculture and forestry by-product do not limit it is a variety of dry or dry, be ground into powder, mix；The human and animal excreta of selection is dried or dried, powder is ground into, is mixed；Wherein, the water content control of agriculture and forestry by-product is below 10%, and the water content control of human and animal excreta is below 20%；
（2）Weigh and mix
Step is passed through in weighing（1）Agriculture and forestry by-product, human and animal excreta and catalyst, activator after processing, and be sufficiently mixed and stir, obtain compound；
（3）It is dehydrated deoxygenation
Above-mentioned compound is put into filling rate in pyrolysis material bin, storehouse and is more than 80%, material bin is heated to 150 DEG C ~ 200 DEG C, and is incubated 20 ~ 60 minutes, is fully discharged residual air in storehouse using the vapor of generation；
（4）Cracking carbonization
By in the compound feeding cracking apparatus in material bin, it is warming up to 250 DEG C ~ 260 DEG C, keep the temperature 10 ~ 15 minutes, then 460 DEG C ~ 470 DEG C were warming up in 5 minutes, and keep temperature 3h ~ 4h, then 150 DEG C ~ 180 DEG C were chilled in 3 minutes, the temperature is kept 30 ~ 60 minutes, material is fully completed carbonization；
（5）Cooling procedure
After after material natural cooling, you can obtain charcoal fertilizer product.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102850120A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2013-01-02 | 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司 | Biological carbon organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103274778A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-09-04 | 北京科技大学 | Method for producing charcoal fertilizer |
| CN103922831A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2014-07-16 | 赵月 | Biochar fertilizer and preparing method thereof |
| CN105503483A (en) * | 2016-02-06 | 2016-04-20 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Method for preparing carbon-based mineralized active fertilizer |
-
2016
- 2016-04-26 CN CN201610263619.0A patent/CN107311731A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102850120A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2013-01-02 | 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司 | Biological carbon organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103274778A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-09-04 | 北京科技大学 | Method for producing charcoal fertilizer |
| CN103922831A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2014-07-16 | 赵月 | Biochar fertilizer and preparing method thereof |
| CN105503483A (en) * | 2016-02-06 | 2016-04-20 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Method for preparing carbon-based mineralized active fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20171103 |