CN107306092A - 具有电压隔离的继电器驱动器 - Google Patents

具有电压隔离的继电器驱动器 Download PDF

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CN107306092A
CN107306092A CN201710063111.0A CN201710063111A CN107306092A CN 107306092 A CN107306092 A CN 107306092A CN 201710063111 A CN201710063111 A CN 201710063111A CN 107306092 A CN107306092 A CN 107306092A
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罗伯特·普雷
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SKF AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种反激式系统。该反激式系统包括储能电路，该储能电路具有初级侧和次级侧。该反激式系统还包括开关装置，该开关装置被配置为将能量以脉冲形式发送到储能电路。当开关装置接通时，能量被存储在储能电路的初级侧。当开关装置断开时，能量从初级侧传递到次级侧。

Description

具有电压隔离的继电器驱动器
技术领域
本发明涉及继电器驱动器(relay drive)领域，特别是涉及一种具有电压隔离(voltage isolation)的继电器驱动器。
背景技术
通常，继电器驱动器是一种电路，该电路操作继电器使得继电器可以在第二电路中适当地起作用。例如，基于继电器驱动器操作的继电器可以是第二电路中的开关。这里存在的问题是，现代真空继电器不具有从接触点到底盘或线圈所需的暂时过电压(standoffvoltage)。因此，在现代真空继电器情况下，任何击穿都能够由于较小的间隙距离而产生到线圈接触点的电弧。进而将使用隔离外壳和隔离电源，因为任何内部电压击穿将不会影响或损坏超低电压(ELV，其防止触电)电路或使用户处于危险中。
现代高压继电器使用大型开放式框架高压接触来隔离电压并切换高压输出。这些接触器(contactor)需要大量的电压和功率(例如，115Vac或220Vac)来驱动。这些接触器也容易氧化或形成到附近物体的电弧，以及受到高度和湿度的影响。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种反激式系统(flyback system)。该反激式系统包括储能电路(tank circuit)，该储能电路包括初级侧和次级侧。该反激式系统还包括被配置为能够将能量以脉冲形式发送到储能电路的开关装置。当开关装置接通时，能量被存储在储能电路的初级侧。当开关装置断开时，能量从初级侧传递到次级侧。
通过本发明的技术实现了附加的特征和优点。本说明书详细描述了本发明公开内容的其他实施例和方面。参考说明书和附图，能够更好地理解本发明所具有的优点和特征。
附图说明
本发明的权利要求书中特别指出并明确要求保护本发明所描述的主体。从下面结合附图的详细描述中，本发明的实施例前述的和其他的特征以及优点是显而易见的，其中：
图1是根据一个实施例的反激式设计的示意图；以及
图2是根据一个实施例的反激式设计的另一示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明描述的实施例涉及一种具有电压隔离的继电器驱动器。该继电器驱动器可包括针对特定继电器线圈电阻调谐的反激式电源设计，以允许使用隔离变压器进行电压隔离，从而不需要使用大型隔离反馈技术并且具有较高的效率以使过剩的功率最小化。
在受调节的实施例中，电路设计可以利用核心的两个单独支路，其中两个单独的支路紧靠在一起并被封装(potted)。该电路设计的电源不能在没有反馈的情况下调节所述两个单独支路的输出。进而，必须检测负载和电阻(例如，继电器线圈)以设置用于该电路设计的电压。此外，在该电路设计的初级侧上的调谐电容器使得能够将输出调节到所选定的电压(例如，选择24Vdc到26Vdc的转换)。
在不受调节的实施例中，反激式设计的初级侧不使用反馈并允许达到全脉冲宽度(例如，用于驱动储能电路)。进而，变压器漏电或变压器漏电感获得较低的并联电容(例如，甚至具有通过反激式设计100的、2至5瓦的功率)。现转到图1，根据实施例大体上示出了反激式设计100。
反激式设计100的输入105从馈电到第一电容电路110的电源(未示出)接收电压。反激式集成电路115连接到第一电容电路110，并且被配置为输出方波。反激式设计100还包括开关装置120和过流保护电路125，以解决输出的电路短路(例如，为了防止烧毁开关装置120)。开关装置120可以被配置为以50％的占空比接通和断开，其用于为电容器130和储能电路140提供脉冲。储能电路140包括具有初级侧143和次级侧147的变压器。通过脉冲，能量被存储在变压器的初级侧143中。
当开关装置120断开时，在储能电路140产生振铃(ringing)期间，存储在变压器的初级侧143中的能量被传递到变压器的次级侧147。然后，能量被整流和滤波(例如，通过整流器150和滤波器155)并作为输出165被释放。并联稳压器(shunt regulator)160可以被配置为在反激式设计100正常运行时被接通(open up)。例如，并联稳压器160也可被配置为在输出165处于比反激式设计100所能容忍的阻抗更高的阻抗时将该并联稳压器160设置为28伏特以钳位反激式设计100的电压。
在实施例中，继电器驱动器可以是具有40KV隔离的、24Vdc至26Vdc的继电器驱动器。该具有40KV隔离的、24Vdc至26Vdc的继电器驱动器包括24Vdc至26Vdc的、20瓦的反激式电源设计，该反激式电源设计针对特定的继电器线圈电阻被调谐以允许使用隔离变压器实现40KV的隔离(在输入和输出之间)，而不需要使用大型隔离反馈技术。该24Vdc至26Vdc的、20瓦的反激式电源设计还具有高于88％的效率以最小化24V电源的额外功率需求。现转到图2，根据实施例大体上示出了反激式设计200。
反激式设计200包括：输入205、第一电容电路210、反激式集成电路215、开关装置220、过流保护电路225、电容器230、储能电路240(该储能电路240包括具有初级侧243和次级侧247的变压器)、整流器250、滤波器255、并联稳压器260以及输出265。
反激式设计200可以利用比例为1:1.25的封装隔离变压器，该变压器的初级(例如，第一侧143，初级到次级漏电感)与适当尺寸的电容器(例如，电容器230)并联用作调谐回路(resonant tank)，以使传递到输出265的能量最大化。如果使用不同的电阻线圈，则调节电容器230以设置输出电压。并联稳压器260被添加到输出部分以保护输出265避免过压状态(例如，如果线圈应该断开或引线断开连接)。
在实施例中，初级到次级可用于最小化高频电容分压器(high frequencycapacitor divider)的设置以使具有较低电容变压器的组件的隔离特性最大化。为了获得低电容，可以增加漏电感以防止典型的反馈绕组正常工作；因此，反激式电路以最大脉冲宽度操作。需要注意的是，初级并联电容器最大限度地提高了到输出的功率传输，并为给定的负载电阻设置输出电压。
使用实施例中的反激式设计的技术效果和益处包括但不限于：简化设计复杂性、最小化部件数量、无需使用大型隔离反馈技术以及具有高效率以最小化过剩的功率。
本说明书中使用的术语仅仅是以描述特定实施例为目的，而并非是限制性的。本说明书中使用的，除非上下文另有明确的说明，否则单数形式(“a、an和the”)也旨在包括复数形式。还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用时，术语“包含”和/或“包括”指明存在所列举的特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件，但不排除存在或可添加一个或多个其他的特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或其组合。
虽然仅结合有限数量的实施例详细描述了本发明的公开内容，但是应当理解为，本发明的公开内容并不限于所描述的实施例。相反，可以修改本发明的公开内容以并入此前未描述但与本发明的精神和范围相近的任何数量的变形、更改、替换或等效配置。另外，虽然已经描述了本发明的各种实施例，但应当理解为，本发明公开的方面仅包括所描述的实施例中的一部分。因此，本发明不被视为受到前述描述的限制，而仅受所附的权利要求范围的限制。

Claims (9)

1.一种反激式系统，包括：
储能电路，包括初级侧和次级侧；以及
开关装置，被配置为将能量以脉冲形式发送到储能电路，
其中，当所述开关装置接通时，所述能量被存储在所述储能电路的初级侧，并且
其中，当所述开关装置断开时，所述能量从所述初级侧传递到所述次级侧。
2.如权利要求1所述的反激式系统，包括第一电容电路，所述第一电容电路被配置为在输入处从电源接收电压。
3.如权利要求1所述的反激式系统，包括反激式集成电路，所述反激式集成电路被配置为输出方波。
4.如权利要求1所述的反激式系统，包括过流保护电路，所述过流保护电路被配置为管理到所述开关装置的电路短路。
5.如权利要求1所述的反激式系统，其特征在于，所述开关装置被配置为以50％的占空比接通和断开。
6.如权利要求1所述的反激式系统，其特征在于，当所述开关装置断开而同时储能电路产生振铃时，所述能量从所述初级侧传递到所述次级侧。
7.如权利要求1所述的反激式系统，包括整流器和滤波器。
8.如权利要求1所述的反激式系统，包括并联稳压器，所述并联稳压器被配置为，当所述反激式系统处于比所述反激式系统所能够容忍的阻抗更高的阻抗时，所述并联稳压器在所述反激式设计运行期间被接通。
9.如权利要求1所述的反激式系统，其特征在于，所述并联稳压器被设置为28伏。
CN201710063111.0A 2016-04-25 2017-02-03 具有电压隔离的继电器驱动器 Pending CN107306092A (zh)

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US15/137,225 2016-04-25
US15/137,225 US9847725B2 (en) 2016-04-25 2016-04-25 Relay drive with voltage isolation

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5796595A (en) * 1994-02-25 1998-08-18 Astec International Limited Interleaved continuous flyback power converter system
CN1104074C (zh) * 1996-06-21 2003-03-26 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 用于具有可充电电池的装置的电源系统和用于这种电源系统的电源单元与装置
US6023155A (en) * 1998-10-09 2000-02-08 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Utilizing a combination constant power flyback converter and shunt voltage regulator
US6813170B2 (en) * 2002-08-19 2004-11-02 Semtech Corporation Multiple output power supply having soft start protection for load over-current or short circuit conditions
TWI387194B (zh) * 2009-08-14 2013-02-21 Richpower Microelectronics 減少返馳式電源轉換器之待機功耗的裝置及方法
TWI441427B (zh) * 2010-12-15 2014-06-11 Richtek Technology Corp 並聯調節器、返馳轉換器及其輸出回授的控制方法
CN102364859B (zh) * 2011-05-31 2014-11-26 杭州士兰微电子股份有限公司 开关电源控制装置及包含该控制装置的反激式开关电源

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Application publication date: 20171031