CN107298923A - 一种聚吡咯/α‑Fe2O3改性防腐涂料的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种聚吡咯/α‑Fe2O3改性防腐涂料的制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN107298923A
CN107298923A CN201710501662.0A CN201710501662A CN107298923A CN 107298923 A CN107298923 A CN 107298923A CN 201710501662 A CN201710501662 A CN 201710501662A CN 107298923 A CN107298923 A CN 107298923A
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CN107298923B (zh
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王红
邹彦昭
林果
曾春燕
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Sichuan University of Science and Engineering
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚吡咯/α‑Fe2O3改性防腐涂料的制备方法及应用,利用水热法制备了α‑Fe2O3纳米微粒,然后采用原位化学氧化聚合法制备了PPy/α‑Fe2O3纳米复合材料,并通过PPy/α‑Fe2O3纳米复合材料对E‑44环氧树脂进行了改性,涂覆在镁合金上,研究了其防腐蚀性能。本发明制得的聚吡咯/α‑Fe2O3改性涂料兼具聚吡咯和纳米α‑Fe2O3双重优点,其导电性能极佳,防腐性能好,污染小,操作简单且成本低。

Description

一种聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性防腐涂料的制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及防腐涂料,具体涉及一种聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性防腐涂料制备方法和应用,属于高分子纳米复合材料领域。
背景技术
导电高分子(聚吡咯、聚苯胺和聚噻吩及它们的衍生物)作为金属的防腐涂层,具有良好的防腐效果。其中,聚吡咯由于合成简单、成本较低、热稳定性和化学稳定性高,因此是一种最具有实用价值的聚合物防腐涂料,应用前景得到了许多研究者的青睐。虽然聚吡咯具有优良的防腐性能,但聚吡咯导电性不佳,极大地限制了它的使用。研究发现聚吡咯只有经过合适的掺杂剂掺杂后才能表现出优良的导电性。
若将聚吡咯和纳米材料两者进行有效的结合,不仅可以大大的提高聚吡咯的导电性能,还可将聚吡咯与无机纳米粒子的功能性集于一体,这种有机/无机纳米复合材料显示出了良好的应用前景,从而迅速地成为纳米复合材料领域的热点研究方向之一。CN102219998公开的“一种聚吡咯/金纳米复合材料的制备方法”公开了向导电的聚吡咯中引入纳米无机导电金粒子,该方法以化学氧化聚合法为基础制备了聚吡咯/金纳米复合材料,然而成本较高,不适合工业生产。因此,制备出一种防腐蚀性能优异且成本较低的聚吡咯/无机纳米复合材料极具研究价值。
纳米α-Fe2O3制备方法简单、耐腐蚀、分散性高、对紫外线有良好的吸收和屏蔽效应等,在无机染料、催化剂、涂料、生物医学工程、耐蚀材料和气敏传感器等行业中有广泛应用前景。因此,聚吡咯和纳米α-Fe2O3两者的结合,在防腐涂料领域具有重大研究意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性防腐涂料的制备方法,解决现有聚吡咯导电性不佳和成本高的问题;解决环境污染、热稳定性和化学稳定性差的问题;并提供该改性防腐涂料的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:一种聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性防腐涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
一种聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性防腐涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)利用水热法制备α-Fe2O3纳米粒子
将1mmol Fe(NO3)3和1mmol NaHCO3溶液置于密闭的反应釜中,在160℃的高温下Fe3+与OH-反应,生成Fe(OH)3沉淀,随后分解为α-Fe2O3。反应方程式如下:
Fe3++3OH-→Fe(OH)3
2Fe(OH)3→α-Fe2O3+3H2O
2)制备PPy/α-Fe2O3纳米复合材料
采用原位化学氧化聚合法,将步骤1)获得的α-Fe2O3通过超声分散在含有SDS表面活性剂(十二烷基磺酸钠)和酸掺杂剂的水溶液中,然后在室温下搅拌2小时,随后放入冰箱5分钟,然后加入吡咯单体,最后把引发剂和上面溶液混合,超声,然后再在室温下搅拌2小时,用水和乙醇洗涤,最后在50度真空下干燥一夜,即得到PPy/α-Fe2O3纳米复合材料;
3)制备改性涂料
将步骤2)获得的PPy/α-Fe2O3纳米复合材料添加到环氧树脂中,再加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮使所述的复合材料更好的分散在环氧树脂中;其中,改性防腐涂料的成份质量比为,E-44环氧树脂:N-甲基吡咯烷酮:PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料:T31固化剂=10:2:0.65:1.5。
进一步,所述步骤2)中掺杂剂是浓度为0.5M的柠檬酸水溶液;引发剂为FeCl3水溶液,FeCl3和吡咯单体的摩尔比为1:1。
将上述方法获得的聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性防腐涂料用于镁铝合金的防腐处理。
相比现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、采用本发明方法制备的复合防腐蚀涂料兼具聚吡咯和纳米α-Fe2O3双重优点,其导电性能极佳,防腐性能好,污染小且成本低;具有良好的光、电、磁特性,且对生物和环境无害,在超电容、电池和生物方面有着极广地应用,是一种理想的环境友好材料。
2、本发明聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性防腐涂料在制备过程中,不添加任何重金属因而对环境污染小,其中的聚吡咯合成容易、成本较低、热稳定性和化学稳定性高;在表面活性剂SDS的作用下,聚吡咯均匀地生长在纳米α-Fe2O3的表面,形成尺寸均匀的纳米材料,具有操作简单,成本较低的优点。
3、本发明将纳米α-Fe2O3均匀地分散到聚吡咯中制备的PPy/α-Fe2O3纳米复合材料用作防腐涂料,不但改良了聚吡咯自身的缺陷,还将聚吡咯与无机纳米粒子的功能性集于一体;将用于镁合金表面是一种性能优异的防腐蚀材料。
附图说明
图1是镁合金涂覆不同浓度的柠檬酸掺杂制成的PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料改性环氧树脂涂层与未改性的环氧树脂涂层的Tafel曲线对比图;
图2是柠檬酸浓度为0.5M时制备的PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料改性环氧树脂的涂层所测的Nyquist图;
图3是柠檬酸浓度为0和1M时制备的PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料改性环氧树脂的涂层所测的Nyquist对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
采用水热法制备纳米α-Fe2O3,该方法制备出的氧化铁粉体粒度小、分散性好。水热法是以三价铁盐作为原料(如:Fe(NO3)3、FeCl3)分两步进行,在密闭的反应釜中先把Fe3+沉淀为Fe(OH)3;在一定的温度下靠水的自身压力使反应继续进行,Fe(OH)3分解为α-Fe2O3
将1mmol Fe(NO3)3和1mmol NaHCO3溶液置于密闭的反应釜中,在160℃的高温下Fe3+与OH-反应,生成Fe(OH)3沉淀,随后分解为α-Fe2O3。反应方程式如下:
Fe3++3OH-→Fe(OH)3
2Fe(OH)3→α-Fe2O3+3H2O
实施例2
将0.40gα-Fe2O3分散在含有0.04g SDS的50mL去离子水中,超声5分钟,然后在室温下搅拌2小时,放到冰箱5分钟后取出,然后加入0.5g吡咯单体。最后把三氯化铁(摩尔比FeCl3:聚吡咯单体=1:1)分散在5ml水中,再和上面溶液混合,超声5分钟,然后在室温下搅拌2小时。用水洗和乙醇洗涤,最后在50度真空下干燥一夜。得到的PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料,将其按照以下配方:E-44环氧树脂:N-甲基吡咯烷酮:PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料:T31固化剂质量比为10:2:0.65:1.5,加热搅拌得到了相应的聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性环氧树脂防腐涂料。再均匀地涂覆在镁合金上。
实施例2性能测试结果列于表1
表1
检测项目 检测标准 检测指标 检测结果
耐盐雾(常温,96h) GB/T17713-2007 涂层无起泡、脱落、无生锈 涂层无起泡、脱落、无生锈
结合力 IS02409-1974 涂层无脱落 结合力达1级
实施例3
将0.40gα-Fe2O3与0.04g SDS均匀地分散在50mL浓度为0.5M的柠檬酸水溶液中,然后在室温下搅拌2小时,放到冰箱5分钟后取出,然后加入0.5g吡咯单体。最后把三氯化铁(摩尔比FeCl3:聚吡咯=1:1)分散在5ml水中,再和上面溶液混合,超声5分钟,然后在室温下搅拌2小时。用水洗和乙醇洗涤,最后在50度真空下干燥一夜。得到掺杂剂柠檬酸浓度为0.5M的PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料,将其按照以下配方:E-44环氧树脂:N-甲基吡咯烷酮:PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料:T31固化剂质量比为10:2:0.65:1.5,加热搅拌得到了相应的聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性环氧树脂防腐涂料。再均匀地涂覆在镁合金上。
实施例3性能测试结果列于表2
表2
检测项目 检测标准 检测指标 检测结果
耐盐雾(常温,96h) GB/T17713-2007 涂层无起泡、脱落、无生锈 涂层无起泡、脱落、无生锈
结合力 IS02409-1974 涂层无脱落 结合力达1级
实施例4
将0.40gα-Fe2O3与0.04g SDS均匀地分散在50mL浓度为1M的柠檬酸水溶液中,然后在室温下搅拌2小时,放到冰箱5分钟后取出,然后加入0.5g吡咯单体。最后把三氯化铁(摩尔比FeCl3:聚吡咯=1:1)分散在5ml水中,再和上面溶液混合,超声5分钟,然后在室温下搅拌2小时。用水洗和乙醇洗涤,最后在50度真空下干燥一夜。得到掺杂剂柠檬酸浓度为1M的PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料,将其按照以下配方:E-44环氧树脂:N-甲基吡咯烷酮:PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料:T31固化剂质量比为10:2:0.65:1.5,加热搅拌得到了相应的聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性环氧树脂防腐涂料。再均匀地涂覆在镁合金上。
实施例4性能测试结果列于表3
表3
检测项目 检测标准 检测指标 检测结果
耐盐雾(常温,96h) GB/T17713-2007 涂层无起泡、脱落、无生锈 涂层无起泡、脱落、无生锈
结合力 IS02409-1974 涂层无脱落 结合力达1级
实施例5
将上述2-4实施例的产物经过电化学工作站在质量浓度为3.5%的NaCl溶液中进行电化学防腐蚀性能测试,结果如图1。
从图1中可以看出,经过改性的环氧树脂涂层的腐蚀电位与腐蚀电流都发生了明显的变化。掺杂剂柠檬酸浓度为0.5M的改性环氧树脂涂层的腐蚀电位正移了602.7mV,腐蚀速率减小。但1M的腐蚀电位发生了负移,这可能是柠檬酸浓度过大会引起PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料无法均匀的分散在环氧树脂中。
根据图1所测数据可以得到表4:
表4
从表4可以看出,经过改性的环氧树脂的腐蚀电流密度也发生了明显的变化,掺杂剂柠檬酸浓度为0.5M的改性环氧树脂涂层的腐蚀电流密度变化最大,腐蚀电流密度为3.08*10-6A/m2。而腐蚀电流密度越小,说明样品的防腐蚀性能越好,即是腐蚀速度越慢。
综上,当掺杂剂柠檬酸浓度为0.5M所制备的PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料用来改性环氧树脂的防腐蚀效果最好,此时腐蚀电位为-0.6859V,腐蚀电流密度为3.08*10-6A/m2
实施例6
将上述2-4实施例的产物经过阻抗图分析。
交流阻抗的Nyquist图由高频区和低频区组成,在高频端延伸到半圆与横坐标轴的交点,可以求出Rs(溶液欧姆电阻)的值;在低频端延伸到半圆与横坐标轴的交点,可以求出Rs+Rp的值;两个交点之间的距离就是被测腐蚀金属电极的极化电阻Rp
从图2-3上可以看出,把改性的环氧树脂涂层和未经改性的环氧树脂涂层进行对比,交流阻抗的圆弧发生了明显的变化,未经改性的环氧树脂的圆弧最小,表明经过改性的环氧树脂的交流阻抗变大,试样的防腐蚀性能得到了显著的提升。从掺杂剂柠檬酸的不同浓度来看,随着掺杂剂浓度的增加,交流阻抗呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,柠檬酸浓度在0.5M时,交流阻抗达到最大。
交流阻抗在达到最大后突然减小,这应该是由于当掺杂剂达到一定浓度后,形成的PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料粒径变大,在添加到环氧树脂的过程中,PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料难以均匀地分散在环氧树脂中,出现了团聚现象,导致在涂覆镁合金时,涂层表面改性环氧树脂分散不均匀,导致耐蚀性下降,所以交流阻抗出现了变小的现象。
综上,当掺杂剂柠檬酸浓度为0.5M时所制备的PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料用来改性环氧树脂的交流阻抗达到最大,防腐蚀性能最好。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (5)

1.一种聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性防腐涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)利用水热法制备α-Fe2O3纳米粒子
将1mmol Fe(NO3)3和1mmol NaHCO3溶液置于密闭的反应釜中,在160℃的高温下Fe3+与OH-反应,生成Fe(OH)3沉淀,随后分解为α-Fe2O3。反应方程式如下:
Fe3++3OH-→Fe(OH)3
2Fe(OH)3→α-Fe2O3+3H2O
2)制备PPy/α-Fe2O3纳米复合材料
采用原位化学氧化聚合法,将步骤1)获得的α-Fe2O3通过超声分散在含有表面活性剂SDS和酸掺杂剂的水溶液中,然后在室温下搅拌2小时,随后放入冰箱5分钟,然后加入吡咯单体,最后将引发剂和上面溶液混合,超声,然后再在室温下搅拌2小时,用水和乙醇洗涤,最后在50度真空下干燥一夜,即得到PPy/α-Fe2O3纳米复合材料;
3)制备改性涂料
将步骤2)获得的PPy/α-Fe2O3纳米复合材料添加到环氧树脂中,再加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮使所述的复合材料更好的分散在E-44环氧树脂中;其中,改性防腐涂料的成份质量比为,E-44环氧树脂:N-甲基吡咯烷酮:PPy/α-Fe2O3复合材料:T31固化剂=10:2:0.65:1.5。
2.根据权利要求1所述聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性防腐涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中含有表面活性剂SDS,掺杂剂为0.5M的柠檬酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性防腐涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中引发剂为FeCl3水溶液,FeCl3和吡咯单体的摩尔比为1:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性防腐涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述环氧树脂为E-44环氧树脂。
5.一种聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性防腐涂料的应用,将权利要求1-3中任一项所制备的聚吡咯/α-Fe2O3改性防腐涂料涂覆在镁合金上。
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